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Sharma N, Bajwa JS, Gautam N. Evaluation of improved functional characteristics of Lactobacillus enriched fruit bar prepared from stone fruits of Mid Himalayan belt. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38660989 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2344185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic enriched functional fruit bar was prepared by using stone fruits (i.e. apricot and plum) of Mid Himalayan belt. Purpose of this study is to determine the survival of potential probiotic isolates in fruit bar and to study physico-chemical and sensorial properties of the product along with nutritional profile as well as microbial safety. Probiotics bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus KC6 and Lactobacillus paraplantarum Sam 1 were used to prepare fruit bar. Probiotic fruit bar was prepared in seven sets and was evaluated for various physico-chemical, nutritional and functional properties during storage period. It was revealed in the study that probiotic fruit bar is nutritionally and functionally better than non-probiotic fruit bar. Probiotic encapsulated bacteria in co-culture combinations efficiently enhanced nutritional quality of fruit bar. Microbiological evaluation of the product revealed that the viability of encapsulated probiotic co-culture bacteria was significantly greater as compared to free cells in the probiotic fruit bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sharma
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, India
| | - Jasveen Singh Bajwa
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, India
| | - Neha Gautam
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, India
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2
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Oroná JD, Zorrilla SE, Peralta JM. Assessment of calcium alginate gels as wall materials for encapsulation systems. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2458-2466. [PMID: 37975168 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium alginate gels are widely used to encapsulate active compounds. Some characteristic parameters of these gels are necessary to describe the release of active compounds through mechanistic mathematical models. In this work, transport and kinetics properties of calcium alginate gels were determined through simple experimental techniques. RESULTS The weight-average molecular weight (M ¯ w = 192 × 103 Da) and the fraction of residues of α-l-guluronic acid (F G = 0.356) of sodium alginate were determined by capillary viscometry and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance at 25 °C, respectively. Considering the half egg-box model, both values were used to estimate the molecular weight of calcium alginate asM g = 2.02 × 105 Da. An effective diffusion coefficient of water (D eff , w = 2.256 × 10-9 m2 s-1 ) in calcium alginate was determined using a diffusion cell at 37 °C. Finally, a kinetics constant of depolymerization (k m = 9.72 × 10-9 m3 mol-1 s-1 ) of calcium alginate was obtained considering dissolution of calcium to a medium under intestinal conditions. CONCLUSION The experimental techniques used are simple and easily reproducible. The obtained values may be useful in the design, production, and optimization of the alginate-based delivery systems that require specific release kinetics of the encapsulated active compounds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Daiana Oroná
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana Elizabeth Zorrilla
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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Vila MMDC, Cinto EC, Pereira AO, Baldo DÂ, Oliveira JM, Balcão VM. An Edible Antibacterial Coating Integrating Lytic Bacteriophage Particles for the Potential Biocontrol of Salmonella enterica in Ripened Cheese. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:680. [PMID: 38475362 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to create an antibacterial biopolymeric coating integrating lytic bacteriophages against Salmonella enterica for use in ripened cheese. Salmonella enterica is the main pathogen that contaminates food products and the food industry. The food sector still uses costly and non-selective decontamination and disease control methods. Therefore, it is necessary to look for novel pathogen biocontrol technologies. Bacteriophage-based biocontrol seems like a viable option in this situation. The results obtained show promise for food applications since the edible packaging developed (EdiPhage) was successful in maintaining lytic phage viability while preventing the contamination of foodstuff with the aforementioned bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M D C Vila
- VBlab-Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Edjane C Cinto
- VBlab-Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur O Pereira
- VBlab-Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Denicezar  Baldo
- LaFiNAU-Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Oliveira
- LaFiNAU-Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- VBlab-Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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4
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Gennari A, Simon R, Benvenutti EV, Nicolodi S, Renard G, Chies JM, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Magnetic core-shell cellulose system for the oriented immobilization of a recombinant β-galactosidase with a protein tag. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128418. [PMID: 38029902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to immobilize a recombinant β-galactosidase (Gal) tagged with a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) onto a magnetic core-shell (CS) cellulose system. After 30 min of reaction, 4 U/capsule were immobilized (CS@Gal), resulting in levels of yield and efficiency exceeding 80 %. The optimal temperature for β-galactosidase-CBD activity increased from 40 to 50 °C following oriented immobilization. The inhibitory effect of galactose decreased in the enzyme reactions catalyzed by CS@Gal, and Mg2+ increased the immobilized enzyme activity by 40 % in the magnetic CS cellulose system. The relative enzyme activity of the CS@Gal was 20 % higher than that of the soluble enzyme activity after 20 min at 50 °C. The CS support and CS@Gal capsules exhibited an average size of 8 ± 1 mm, with the structure of the shell (alginate-pectin-cellulose) enveloping and isolating the magnetic core. The immobilized β-galactosidase-CBD within the magnetic CS cellulose system retained ∼80 % of its capacity to hydrolyze lactose from skim milk after 10 reuse cycles. This study unveils a novel and promising support for the oriented immobilization of recombinant β-galactosidase using a magnetic CS system and a CBD tag. This support facilitates β-galactosidase reuse and efficient separation, consequently enhancing the catalytic properties of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gennari
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Renate Simon
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Nicolodi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gaby Renard
- Quatro G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltda, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giandra Volpato
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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5
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Meskelis L, F Agondi R, Duarte LGR, de Carvalho MD, Sato ACK, Picone CSF. New approaches for modulation of alginate-chitosan delivery properties. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113737. [PMID: 38129047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a biopolymer widely used on delivery systems when bioactive protection at acidic pH is required, while chitosan can enhance mucoadhesion and controlled release at alkaline pHs. In this work, alginate ionotropic gelation and electrostatic complexation to chitosan were evaluated concomitantly or in a two-step approach to improve the delivery properties of systems in different pHs. The effect of pH on alginate gelation and chitosan interactions were also evaluated. Alginate microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation in CaCl2 at different pH values (2.5 and 6.0) by extrusion. Complexation with chitosan was carried out during alginate ionotropic gelation (one-step approach) or after alginate gel formation (two-step approach). Alginate microparticles without chitosan showed larger pores and lower mechanical strength. Extruded microspheres at pH 6.0 were more stable to pH and showed smaller pores than the formed at pH 2.5. One-step production retained a large amount of bioactive at pH 7.0 and resulted in lower release at the pH of intestinal digestion. The two-step approach retained less amount of bioactive but confer more protection to the pH of the stomach phase and higher release in pH of the intestinal phase than one-step samples. These results indicate that the formation of alginate gels by ionotropic gelation followed by the complexation with chitosan (in two-step) is promising for the transport and delivery of bioactives into intestinal conditions, whereas the ionotropic gelation concomitantly to electrostatic complexation (one-step approach) is indicated to the delivery of bioactives into lower pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Meskelis
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Agondi
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa G R Duarte
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus D de Carvalho
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla K Sato
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina S F Picone
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Bento CSA, Carrelo H, Alarico S, Empadinhas N, de Sousa HC, Teresa Cidade M, Braga MEM. Effect of ScCO 2 on the decontamination of PECs-based cryogels: A comparison with H 2O steam and H 2O 2 nebulization methods. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123451. [PMID: 37774759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers present ideal properties to be used in wound dressing solutions. By mixing two oppositely charged macromolecules it is possible to form polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) based cryogels using lyophilization. Their application in the biomedical field is limited due to their sterilization requirements, as conventional methods compromise their physicochemical properties. ScCO2 appears as an alternative method for decontamination. This work assessed several cryogel PEC formulations, chitosan-pectin, gelatine-xanthan gum and alginate-gelatine. PEC formation was confirmed by FTIR and rheological analysis. While steam sterilization compromised cryogels' chemical and morphological properties, decontamination with scCO2 proved to be a promising method for decontamination of PEC-cryogels, because, similarly to what is observed with hydrogen peroxide, it does not compromise their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana S A Bento
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Carrelo
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana Alarico
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Polo I, 1st floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Polo I, 1st floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cidade
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mara E M Braga
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Rojas-Muñoz YV, Santagapita PR, Quintanilla-Carvajal MX. Probiotic Encapsulation: Bead Design Improves Bacterial Performance during In Vitro Digestion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4296. [PMID: 37959976 PMCID: PMC10649307 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability and release properties of all bioactive capsules are strongly related to the composition of the wall material. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the wall materials during the encapsulation process by ionotropic gelation on the viability of Lactobacillus fermentum K73, a lactic acid bacterium that has hypocholesterolemia probiotic potential. A response surface methodology experimental design was performed to improve bacterial survival during the synthesis process and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions by tuning the wall material composition (gelatin 25% w/v, sweet whey 8% v/v, and sodium alginate 1.5% w/v). An optimal mixture formulation determined that the optimal mixture must contain a volume ratio of 0.39/0.61 v/v sweet whey and sodium alginate, respectively, without gelatin, with a final bacterial concentration of 9.20 log10 CFU/mL. The mean particle diameter was 1.6 ± 0.2 mm, and the experimental encapsulation yield was 95 ± 3%. The INFOGEST model was used to evaluate the survival of probiotic beads in gastrointestinal tract conditions. Upon exposure to in the vitro conditions of oral, gastric, and intestinal phases, the encapsulated cells of L. fermentum decreased only by 0.32, 0.48, and 1.53 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, by employing the optimized formulation, thereby improving the survival of probiotic bacteria during both the encapsulation process and under gastrointestinal conditions compared to free cells. Beads were characterized using SEM and ATR-FTIR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Vanesa Rojas-Muñoz
- Maestría en Diseño y Gestión de Procesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Patricio Román Santagapita
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal
- Maestría en Diseño y Gestión de Procesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
- Grupo de Investigación de Procesos Agroindustriales (GIPA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia
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De Dios-Figueroa GT, Aguilera-Márquez JDR, García-Uriostegui L, Hernández-Gutiérrez R, Camacho-Villegas TA, Lugo-Fabres PH. Embedded Living HER2+ Cells in a 3D Gelatin-Alginate Hydrogel as an In Vitro Model for Immunotherapy Delivery for Breast Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3726. [PMID: 37765581 PMCID: PMC10535529 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is the second target molecule most commonly used in breast cancer treatment. Both recurrence and metastasis are still deadly for HER2+ breast cancer patients. Hydrogels can be an option for developing three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems that resemble tumor features better than monolayer cultures and could be used for preclinical screening for new biotherapeutics. Biopolymers (gelatin and alginate) were used to develop a hydrogel capable of encapsulating living HER2+ breast cancer cells BT-474/GFP. The hydrogel was physicochemically characterized, and the viability of embedded cells was evaluated. The hydrogel developed had suitable physical properties, with swelling of 38% of its original mass at 20 h capacity and pore sizes between 20 and 125 µm that allowed cells to maintain their morphology in a 3D environment, in addition to being biocompatible and preserving 90% of cell viability at 10 days. Furthermore, encapsulated BT-474/GFP cells maintained HER2 expression that could be detected by the Trastuzumab-fluorescent antibody, so this hydrogel could be used to evaluate new HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Tonantzin De Dios-Figueroa
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.T.D.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Janette del Rocío Aguilera-Márquez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.T.D.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Lorena García-Uriostegui
- CONAHCYT—Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Rodolfo Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (G.T.D.D.-F.); (J.d.R.A.-M.); (R.H.-G.)
| | - Tanya A. Camacho-Villegas
- CONAHCYT—Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Pavel H. Lugo-Fabres
- CONAHCYT—Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico;
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9
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Pereira AO, Barros NMA, Guerrero BR, Emencheta SC, Baldo DÂ, Oliveira JM, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. An Edible Biopolymeric Microcapsular Wrapping Integrating Lytic Bacteriophage Particles for Salmonella enterica: Potential for Integration into Poultry Feed. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:988. [PMID: 37370307 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work aimed at developing an edible biopolymeric microcapsular wrapping (EBMW) integrating lytic bacteriophage particles for Salmonella enterica, with potential application in poultry feed for biocontrol of that pathogen. This pathogen is known as one of the main microorganisms responsible for contamination in the food industry and in foodstuff. The current techniques for decontamination and pathogen control in the food industry can be very expensive, not very selective, and even outdated, such as the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that end up selecting resistant bacteria. Hence, there is a need for new technologies for pathogen biocontrol. In this context, bacteriophage-based biocontrol appears as a potential alternative. As a cocktail, both phages were able to significantly reduce the bacterial load after 12 h of treatment, at either multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 and 10, by 84.3% and 87.6%, respectively. Entrapment of the phage virions within the EBMW matrix did not exert any deleterious effect upon their lytic activity. The results obtained showed high promise for integration in poultry feed aiming at controlling Salmonella enterica, since the edible biopolymeric microcapsular wrapping integrating lytic bacteriophage particles developed was successful in maintaining lytic phage viability while fully stabilizing the phage particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur O Pereira
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole M A Barros
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna R Guerrero
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen C Emencheta
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Denicezar  Baldo
- LaFiNAU-Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Oliveira
- LaFiNAU-Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Chen L, Qian WW, Zhou S, Zhou T, Gu Q. Fabrication of whey protein/pectin double layer microcapsules for improving survival of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM231. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125030. [PMID: 37244347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To improve the viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ZFM231 strain in the gastrointestinal tract and exhibit better probiotic effect, an internal emulsification/gelation technique was employed to encapsulate this strain using whey protein and pectin as wall materials to fabricate the double layer microcapsules. Four key factors affecting the encapsulation process were optimized using single factor analysis and response surface methodology. Encapsulation efficiency of L. rhamnosus ZFM231 reached 89.46 ± 0.82 %, the microcapsules possessed a particle size of 172 ± 1.80 μm and ζ-potential of -18.36 mV. The characters of the microcapsules were assessed using optical microscope, SEM, FT-IR and XRD analysis. It was found that after exposure to simulated gastric fluid, the bacterial count (log (CFU g-1)) of the microcapsules only lost 1.96 units, the bacteria were released readily in simulated intestinal fluid, reaching 86.56 % after 90 min. After stored at 4 °C for 28 days and 25 °C for 14 days, bacterial count of the dry microcapsules decreased from 10.59 to 9.02 and 10.49 to 8.70 log (CFU g-1), respectively. The double layered microcapsules could significantly increase the storage and thermal abilities of bacteria. Such L. rhamnosus ZFM231 microcapsules could find applications as ingredient of the functional foods and the dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xiasha, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Qian
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xiasha, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xiasha, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xiasha, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China.
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xiasha, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China.
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11
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Anagha K, Sreejit V, Preetha R. Probiotic with gluten reduction property and its encapsulation in synbiotic aloe vera gel-alginate capsules with banana powder as prebiotic. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1125-1135. [PMID: 36908335 PMCID: PMC9998746 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to hydrolyze the immunogenic gluten peptides by probiotic bacteria, Lactococcus lactis G01. It was isolated from curd and isolation was done based on ability to hydrolyze gluten. It was also tested for probiotic properties such as survival in gastric juice, bile salts, acid resistance, antibiotic sensitivity, antioxidant potential, sodium chloride tolerance, and antimicrobial activity. Lactococcus lactis G01 exhibited potential probiotic properties also, hence it was selected for microencapsulation. Probiotic was encapsulated in sodium alginate beads using banana powder as prebiotic and aloe vera as the adsorbent. The bead morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the bead was confirmed by FTIR. It was observed that 99% of the encapsulated probiotic cells were released into the simulated intestinal fluid in 90 min. Storage study was conducted for encapsulated probiotic and after four weeks of storage, the probiotic count in microcapsules was 7.82 log10 CFU/g. The formulated synbiotic capsules are suggested to incorporate in porridge for celiac patients since the probiotic has gluten reduction property. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Anagha
- Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, The College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - V. Sreejit
- Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, The College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - R. Preetha
- Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, The College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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12
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Szekalska M, Wróblewska M, Czajkowska-Kośnik A, Sosnowska K, Misiak P, Wilczewska AZ, Winnicka K. The Spray-Dried Alginate/Gelatin Microparticles with Luliconazole as Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:403. [PMID: 36614742 PMCID: PMC9822401 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are opportunistic fungi, which are primary causative agents of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The cure of candidiasis is difficult, lengthy, and associated with the fungi resistivity. Therefore, the research for novel active substances and unconventional drug delivery systems providing effective and safe treatment is still an active subject. Microparticles, as multicompartment dosage forms due to larger areas, provide short passage of drug diffusion, which might improve drug therapeutic efficiency. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer from a polysaccharide group, possessing swelling, mucoadhesive, and gelling properties. Gelatin A is a natural high-molecular-weight polypeptide obtained from porcine collagen. The purpose of this study was to prepare microparticles by the spray-drying of alginate/gelatin polyelectrolyte complex mixture, with a novel antifungal drug-luliconazole. In the next stage of research, the effect of gelatin presence on pharmaceutical properties of designed formulations was assessed. Interrelations among polymers were evaluated with thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A valid aspect of this research was the in vitro antifungal activity estimation of designed microparticles using Candida species: C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis. It was shown that the gelatin addition affected the particles size, improved encapsulation efficiency and mucoadhesiveness, and prolonged the drug release. Moreover, gelatin addition to the formulations improved the antifungal effect against Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wróblewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Czajkowska-Kośnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Misiak
- Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zofia Wilczewska
- Department of Polymers and Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Alginates Combined with Natural Polymers as Valuable Drug Delivery Platforms. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010011. [PMID: 36662184 PMCID: PMC9861938 DOI: 10.3390/md21010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginates (ALG) have been used in biomedical and pharmaceutical technologies for decades. ALG are natural polymers occurring in brown algae and feature multiple advantages, including biocompatibility, low toxicity and mucoadhesiveness. Moreover, ALG demonstrate biological activities per se, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, anti-reflux, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory activities. ALG are characterized by gelling ability, one of the most frequently utilized properties in the drug form design. ALG have numerous applications in pharmaceutical technology that include micro- and nanoparticles, tablets, mucoadhesive dosage forms, wound dressings and films. However, there are some shortcomings, which impede the development of modified-release dosage forms or formulations with adequate mechanical strength based on pure ALG. Other natural polymers combined with ALG create great potential as drug carriers, improving limitations of ALG matrices. Therefore, in this paper, ALG blends with pectins, chitosan, gelatin, and carrageenans were critically reviewed.
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An efficient and biodegradable alginate-gelatin hydrogel beads as bait against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1460-1470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Ni F, Luo X, Zhao Z, Yuan J, Song Y, Liu C, Huang M, Dong L, Xie H, Cai L, Ren G, Gu Q. Enhancing viability of Lactobacillus plantarum encapsulated by alginate-gelatin hydrogel beads during gastrointestinal digestion, storage and in the mimic beverage systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Liu H, Miyamoto N, Nguyen MT, Shirato H, Yonezawa T. Injectable Fiducial Marker for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy Based on Gold Nanoparticles and a Body Temperature-Activated Gel-Forming System. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4838-4848. [PMID: 36074396 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injectable fiducial markers are crucial in image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) due to their minimally invasive operations and improved patient compliance. This study presents the development of a ready-to-use injectable fiducial marker utilizing alginate stabilized-gold nanoparticles (alg-Au NPs) and a body temperature-activated in situ gel-forming system. Gram-scale alg-Au NPs were prepared in an hour by a green microwave-induced plasma-in-liquid process (MWPLP). Sodium alginate was introduced in this process to avoid aggregation between Au NPs, which ensured their stability and injectability. The gelation behavior of alginate with divalent cations and a temperature-dependent release of calcium source (glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and CaCO3) served as the foundation of the body temperature-activated in situ gel-forming system. The injectable fiducial marker GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs could maintain a liquid state at a low temperature for a higher injectability. After injection, on the other hand, Ca2+ would be released due to the body temperature-activated hydrolysis of GDL and the subsequent reaction with CaCO3, which would initiate the gelation of alginate. The injectable fiducial marker can be therefore delivered via injection and form gel at target site to avoid marker movement or Au NPs leakage after injection. Rheological measurements demonstrate the stability and gelation behavior of GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs at different temperatures. Furthermore, the injectability and imaging ability of GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs were also examined. In summary, ready-to-use injectable fiducial marker GDL/CaCO3/alg-Au NPs were developed via a green and facile method for IGRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Department of Medical Physics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Mai Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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17
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Production of microsclerotia by Trichoderma asperellum through submerged liquid fermentation using low-cost nitrogen and carbon sources. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Julaeha E, Eddy DR, Wahyudi T, Ningsih BA, Nurzaman M, Permadi N, Herlina T, Anshori JA. Coacervate Microcapsules of
Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oil
(LOs): Optimization and Their Antibacterial Activity Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Euis Julaeha
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
| | - Diana R. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
| | - Tatang Wahyudi
- Center for Textile, Bandung, Indonesia Jl. Jendral Ahmad Yani No.390 Bandung West Java 40272
| | - Bibah A. Ningsih
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
| | - Mohamad Nurzaman
- Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
| | - Nandang Permadi
- Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
| | - Tati Herlina
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
| | - Jamaludin Al Anshori
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang Indonesia Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km.21 West Java 45363
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High-cytocompatible semi-IPN bio-ink with wide molecular weight distribution for extrusion 3D bioprinting. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6349. [PMID: 35428800 PMCID: PMC9012805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D printing has recently attracted significant attention on constructing complex three-dimensional physiological microenvironments. However, it is very challenging to provide a bio-ink with cell-harmless and high mold accuracy during extrusion in 3D printing. To overcome this issue, a technique improving the shear-thinning performance of semi-IPN bio-ink, which is universally applicable to all alginate/gelatin-based materials, was developed. Semi-IPN bio-ink prepared by cyclic heating–cooling treatment in this study can reduce the cell damage without sacrificing the accuracy of the scaffolds for its excellent shear-thinning performance. A more than 15% increase in post-printing Cell viability verified the feasibility of the strategy. Moreover, the bio-ink with low molecular weight and wide molecular weight distribution also promoted a uniform cell distribution and cell proliferation in clusters. Overall, this strategy revealed the effects of molecular parameters of semi-IPN bio-inks on printing performance, and the cell activity was studied and it could be widely applicable to construct the simulated extracellular matrix with various bio-inks.
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20
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Characterization of Alginate–Gelatin–Cholesteryl Ester Liquid Crystals Bioinks for Extrusion Bioprinting of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051021. [PMID: 35267843 PMCID: PMC8915124 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an innovative approach to tackling many diseases and body parts that need to be replaced by developing artificial tissues and organs. Bioinks play an important role in the success of various TE applications. A bioink refers to a combination of a living cell, biomaterials, and bioactive molecules deposited in a layer-by-layer form to fabricate tissue-like structures. The research on bioink attempts to offer a 3D complex architecture and control cellular behavior that improve cell physical properties and viability. This research proposed a new multi-material bioink based on alginate (A), gelatin (G), and cholesteryl ester liquid crystals (CELC) biomaterials, namely (AGLC) bioinks. The development of AGLC was initiated with the optimization of different concentrations of A and G gels to obtain a printable formulation of AG gels. Subsequently, the influences of different concentrations of CELC with AG gels were investigated by using a microextrusion-based 3D bioprinting system to obtain a printed structure with high shape fidelity and minimum width. The AGLC bioinks were formulated using AG gel with 10% weight/volume (w/v) of A and 50% w/v G (AG10:50) and 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of CELC, respectively. The AGLC bioinks yield a high printability and resolution blend. The printed filament has a minimum width of 1.3 mm at a 1 mL/min extrusion rate when the A equals 10% w/v, G equals 50% w/v, and CELC equals 40% v/v (AGLC40). Polymerization of the AGLC bioinks with calcium (Ca2+) ions shows well-defined and more stable structures in the post-printing process. The physicochemical and viability properties of the AGLC bioinks were examined by FTIR, DSC, contact angle, FESEM, MTT assay, and cell interaction evaluation methods. The FTIR spectra of the AGLC bioinks exhibit a combination of characteristics vibrations of AG10:50 and CELC. The DSC analysis indicates the high thermal stability of the bioinks. Wettability analysis shows a reduction in the water absorption ability of the AGLC bioinks. FESEM analysis indicates that the surface morphologies of the bioinks exhibit varying microstructures. In vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay shows the ability of the bioinks to support the biological activity of HeLa cells. The AGLC bioinks show average cell viability of 82.36% compared to the control (90%). Furthermore, cultured cells on the surface of AGLC bioinks showed that bioinks provide favorable interfaces for cell attachment.
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21
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Development of a shelf-stable, gel-based delivery system for probiotics by encapsulation, 3D printing, and freeze-drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Sequential scCO2 Drying and Sterilisation of Alginate-Gelatine Aerogels for Biomedical Applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Devarajan A, Mudgil P, Aldhaheri F, Hamed F, Dhital S, Maqsood S. Camel milk-derived probiotic strains encapsulated in camel casein and gelatin complex microcapsules: Stability against thermal challenge and simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1862-1877. [PMID: 34998543 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have received increased attention due to their nutritional and health-promoting benefits. However, their viability is often impeded during food processing as well as during their gastrointestinal transit before reaching the colon. In this study, probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus MF00960, Pediococcus pentosaceus MF000967, and Lactobacillus paracasei DSM20258 were encapsulated within sodium alginate, camel casein (CC), camel skin gelatin (CSG) and CC:CSG (1:1 wt/wt) wall materials. All 3 strains in encapsulated form showed an enhanced survival rate upon simulated gastrointestinal digestion compared with free cells. Among the encapsulating matrices, probiotics embedded in CC showed higher viability and is attributed to less porous structure of CC that provided more protection to entrapped probiotics cells. Similarly, thermal tolerance at 50°C and 70°C of all 3 probiotic strains were significantly higher upon encapsulation in CC and CC:CSG. Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed probiotic strains embedded in the dense protein matrix of CC and CSG. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that CC- and CSG-encapsulated probiotic strains exhibited the amide bands with varying intensity with no significant change in the structural conformation. Probiotic strains encapsulated in CC and CC:CSG showed higher retention of inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, pancreatic lipase, and cholesteryl esterase compared with free cells upon exposure to simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions. Therefore, CC alone or in combination with CSG as wall materials provided effective protection to cells, retained their bioactive properties, which was comparable to sodium alginate as wall materials. Thus, CC and CC:CSG can be an efficient wall material for encapsulation of probiotics for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Devarajan
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Aldhaheri
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fathala Hamed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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Heybet EN, Ugraskan V, Isik B, Yazici O. Adsorption of methylene blue dye on sodium alginate/polypyrrole nanotube composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:88-99. [PMID: 34688676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have recently come to the fore as potential adsorbents due to their high surface, high efficiency, and adsorption capacity. This study the performance of polypyrrole nanotube incorporated sodium alginate (SA/PPyNT) on the adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution was investigated. Firstly, polypyrrole nanotubes were synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization. Then, polypyrrole nanotubes were added to the sodium alginate gel and the composite beads were prepared by a crosslinking process in a 3% CaCl2 solution. The composite beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy analyzes. In the adsorption studies, to determine the optimum conditions, experiments were carried out at different conditions namely temperature (25-45 °C), contact time, initial pH (2-12), adsorbent dosage (1-5 g/L), dye concentrations (10-50 mg/L). The studies indicated that the removal percentage of MB reached up to 90.5% at pH = 7 and 25 °C. Furthermore, different isotherm models such as Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R, and Harkins-Jura were applied. Considering the correlation coefficients, the Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the most suitable model (r2 = 0.9974). The adsorption capacity showed the maximum at 666.7 mg/g in pH = 7 at 25 °C. As a result of the kinetic studies, it was seen that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (r2 = 0.9976). When thermodynamic parameters were examined, it was seen that the adsorption occurred exothermically (∆HA = - 68.1 kJ/mol) and spontaneously (∆GA298 = - 27.4 kJ/mol). From the data obtained, it was concluded that the SA/PPyNT composites are promising material as an adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Nur Heybet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Ugraskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birol Isik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yazici
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Omer AM, Abd El-Monaem EM, El-Subruiti GM, Abd El-Latif MM, Eltaweil AS. Fabrication of easy separable and reusable MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe) binary MOF/CNT/Alginate composite microbeads for tetracycline removal from water bodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23818. [PMID: 34893701 PMCID: PMC8664953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, we aimed to fabricate easy separable composite microbeads for efficient adsorption of tetracycline (TC) drug. MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe) binary metal organic framework (MOF) was synthetized and incorporated with carbon nanotube (CNT) into alginate (Alg) microbeads to form MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe)/CNT@Alg composite microbeads. Various tools including FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, Zeta potential and XPS were applied to characterize the composite microbeads. It was found that the specific surface area of MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe)/CNT@Alg microbeads was 273.77 m2/g. The results revealed that the adsorption of TC augmented with rising CNT proportion up to 15 wt% in the microbeads matrix. In addition, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order and well-fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 294.12 mg/g at 25 ◦C and pH 6. Furthermore, thermodynamic study clarified that the TC adsorption process was endothermic, random and spontaneous. Besides, reusability test signified that MIL-125(Ti)/MIL-53(Fe)/CNT@Alg composite microbeads retained superb adsorption properties for six consecutive cycles, emphasizing its potentiality for removing of pharmaceutical residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P. O. Box: 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Abd El-Monaem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Gehan M El-Subruiti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona M Abd El-Latif
- Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P. O. Box: 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
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26
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Microencapsulating polymers for probiotics delivery systems: Preparation, characterization, and applications. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Othman SA, Soon CF, Ma NL, Tee KS, Lim GP, Morsin M, Ahmad MK, Abdulmaged AI, Cheong SC. Alginate-gelatin bioink for bioprinting of hela spheroids in alginate-gelatin hexagon shaped scaffolds. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Ekanayake SA, Godakumbura PI. Synthesis of a Dual-Functional Nanofertilizer by Embedding ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles on an Alginate-Based Hydrogel. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26262-26272. [PMID: 34660985 PMCID: PMC8515585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific breakthroughs in the field of agriculture have led to the abundant usage of nanoparticles in agrochemicals to maintain proper nutrient uptake in plants. Since less attention has been given to the supply of vital micronutrients to crop plants, the objective of this study was to develop a nanofertilizer capable of releasing micronutrients while nourishing its surrounding soil. As the initial nanonutrients, Zn and Cu were used in their metal oxide forms, which promote seed germination. Alginic acid was used as the agent responsible for soil conditioning. To form the fertilizing complex, nanoparticles were reacted with sodium alginate, which resulted in a hydrogel where alginate chains were cross-linked with Zn(II) and Cu(II) and excess metal oxide nanoparticles were distributed on the hydrogel. Spectroscopic characterization of the nanofertilizer confirmed that alginate chains were cross-linked by Zn(II) and Cu(II), while morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that ZnO and CuO nanoparticles were embedded on the alginate matrix. The release behavior of cations in soil and water environments, experimented using the tea bag method, revealed that the cationic release was slowly increasing with time. Micronutrient uptake by plants was studied by conducting leaf analyses in tomato plants for 30 consecutive days. To experiment the release behavior of micronutrients in the presence of compost, the nanofertilizer was added with predetermined amounts of compost to tomato plants. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) results indicated that in the fertilizer-applied plants, Cu concentrations showed a steady increase with time while Zn concentrations remained undetected.
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Wu Z, Xie S, Kang Y, Shan X, Li Q, Cai Z. Biocompatibility evaluation of a 3D-bioprinted alginate-GelMA-bacteria nanocellulose (BNC) scaffold laden with oriented-growth RSC96 cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112393. [PMID: 34579912 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can cause various degrees of damage to the morphological structure and physiological function of the peripheral nerve. At present, compared with "gold standard" autologous nerve transplantation, tissue engineering has certain potential for regeneration and growth; however, achieving oriented guidance is still a challenge. In this study, we used 3D bioprinting to construct a nerve scaffold of RSC96 cells wrapped in sodium alginate/gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) hydrogel. The 5% sodium alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group had the thinnest lines among all groups after printing, indicating that the inherent shape of the scaffold could be maintained after adding BNC. Physical and chemical property testing (Fourier transform infrared, rheometer, conductivity, and compression modulus) showed that the 5% alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group had better mechanical and rheological properties. Live/dead cell staining showed that no mass cell death was observed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after printing. In the 5% alginate+5% GelMA group, the cells grew and formed linear connections in the scaffold. This phenomenon was more obvious in the 5% alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group. In the 5% alginate+5% GelMA+0.3% BNC group, S-100β immunofluorescence staining and cytoskeleton staining showed oriented growth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array results showed that mRNA levels of related neurofactors ASCL1, POU3F3, NEUROG1, DLL1, NOTCH1 and ERBB2 in the 5%GelMA+0.3%BNC group were higher than those of other groups. Four weeks after implantation in nude mice, RSC96 cells grew and proliferated well, blood vessels grew, and S-100β immunofluorescence was positive. These results indicate that a 3D-bioprinted sodium alginate/GelMA/BNC composite scaffold can improve cell-oriented growth, adhesion and the expression of related factors. This 3D-bioprinted composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and is expected to become a new type of scaffold material in the field of neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxi Wu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Xie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Kang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China; Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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de Souza JB, Rosa GDS, Rossi MC, Stievani FDC, Pfeifer JPH, Krieck AMT, Bovolato ALDC, Fonseca-Alves CE, Borrás VA, Alves ALG. In Vitro Biological Performance of Alginate Hydrogel Capsules for Stem Cell Delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:674581. [PMID: 34513806 PMCID: PMC8429506 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.674581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of biological components in hydrogels is a well described method for controlled drug delivery of proteins, tissue engineering and intestinal colonization with beneficial bacteria. Given the potential of tissue engineering in clinical practice, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of encapsulation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mules in sodium alginate. We evaluated capsule morphology and cell viability, immunophenotype and release after encapsulation. Circular and irregular pores were observed on the hydrogel surface, in which MSCs were present and alive. Capsules demonstrated good capacity of absorption of liquid and cell viability was consistently high through the time points, indicating proper nutrient diffusion. Flow cytometry showed stability of stem cell surface markers, whereas immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of CD44 and absence of MHC-II through 7 days of culture. Stem cell encapsulation in sodium alginate hydrogel is a feasible technique that does not compromise cell viability and preserves their undifferentiated status, becoming a relevant option to further studies of tridimensional culture systems and in vivo bioactive agents delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Brandão de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dos Santos Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana Correa Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Castro Stievani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Hübbe Pfeifer
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André Massahiro Teramoto Krieck
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia de Carvalho Bovolato
- Cell Engineering Lab, Blood Transfusion Center, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP Bauru, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vicente Amigó Borrás
- Institut de Tecnologia de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ana Liz Garcia Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Synthesis of Biomaterial-Based Hydrogels Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4865733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were prepared by formic acid hydrolysis and TEMPO- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl-) mediated oxidation. The prepared CNCs were reinforced into biopolymers chitosan (CHI), alginate (ALG), and gelatin (GEL) to obtain “CNC-ALG-GEL” and “CNC-CHI-GEL” hydrogels. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized for physicochemical, thermal, and structural characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Notably, the reinforcement of CNC has not altered the molecular structure of a biopolymer as revealed by FT-IR analysis. The hydrogels reinforced with CNC have shown better thermal stability and miscibility as revealed by thermal gravity analysis. The physicochemical, thermal, and structural characterization revealed the chemical interaction and electrostatic attraction between the CNC and biopolymers. The biocompatibility was investigated by evaluating the viability of the L929 fibroblast cell, which represents good biocompatibility and nontoxic nature. These hydrogels could be implemented in therapeutic biomedical research and regenerative medicinal applications.
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Bennacef C, Desobry-Banon S, Probst L, Desobry S. Advances on alginate use for spherification to encapsulate biomolecules. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gheorghita R, Anchidin-Norocel L, Filip R, Dimian M, Covasa M. Applications of Biopolymers for Drugs and Probiotics Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2729. [PMID: 34451268 PMCID: PMC8399127 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research regarding the use of biopolymers has been of great interest to scientists, the medical community, and the industry especially in recent years. Initially used for food applications, the special properties extended their use to the pharmaceutical and medical industries. The practical applications of natural drug encapsulation materials have emerged as a result of the benefits of the use of biopolymers as edible coatings and films in the food industry. This review highlights the use of polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical industries and as encapsulation materials for controlled drug delivery systems including probiotics, focusing on their development, various applications, and benefits. The paper provides evidence in support of research studying the use of biopolymers in the development of new drug delivery systems, explores the challenges and limitations in integrating polymer-derived materials with product delivery optimization, and examines the host biological/metabolic parameters that can be used in the development of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Liliana Anchidin-Norocel
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
| | - Roxana Filip
- Hipocrat Clinical Laboratory, 720003 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Ribeiro LLSM, Araújo GP, de Oliveira Ribeiro K, Torres IMS, De Martinis ECP, Marreto RN, Alves VF. Use of encapsulated lactic acid bacteria as bioprotective cultures in fresh Brazilian cheese. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2247-2256. [PMID: 34363592 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest for biopreservation of food products, and encapsulation may be a good strategy to extend the viability of protective cultures. In this study, Lactobacillus paraplantarum FT-259 and Lactococcus lactis QMF 11 were separately encapsulated in casein/pectin (C/P) microparticles, which were tested for antilisterial and anti-staphylococcal activity in fresh Minas cheese (FMC) stored at 8 °C. The encapsulation efficiency for both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was 82.5%, with viability over 6.2 log CFU/g after storage of C/P microparticles for 90 days under refrigeration. Interestingly, free Lb. paraplantarum and free Lc. lactis grew significantly in refrigerated FMC, both in the presence and absence of pathogens, but only the first significatively grew when encapsulated. Encapsulation increased the antilisterial activity of Lb. paraplantarum in FMC. Moreover, Lc. lactis significantly inhibited listerial growth in FMC in both its free and encapsulated forms, whereas Staphylococcus aureus counts were only significantly reduced in the presence of free Lc. lactis. In conclusion, these results indicate that C/P microparticles are effective carriers of LAB in FMC, which can contribute for the assurance of the safety of this product.
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Homem NC, Tavares TD, Miranda CS, Antunes JC, Amorim MTP, Felgueiras HP. Functionalization of Crosslinked Sodium Alginate/Gelatin Wet-Spun Porous Fibers with Nisin Z for the Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041930. [PMID: 33669209 PMCID: PMC7919837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nisin Z, an amphipathic peptide, with a significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and low toxicity in humans, has been studied for food preservation applications. Thus far, very little research has been done to explore its potential in biomedicine. Here, we report the modification of sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GN) blended microfibers, produced via the wet-spinning technique, with Nisin Z, with the purpose of eradicating Staphylococcus aureus-induced infections. Wet-spun SAGN microfibers were successfully produced at a 70/30% v/v of SA (2 wt%)/GN (1 wt%) polymer ratio by extrusion within a calcium chloride (CaCl2) coagulation bath. Modifications to the biodegradable fibers' chemical stability and structure were then introduced via crosslinking with CaCl2 and glutaraldehyde (SAGNCL). Regardless of the chemical modification employed, all microfibers were labelled as homogeneous both in size (≈246.79 µm) and shape (cylindrical and defect-free). SA-free microfibers, with an increased surface area for peptide immobilization, originated from the action of phosphate buffer saline solution on SAGN fibers, were also produced (GNCL). Their durability in physiological conditions (simulated body fluid) was, however, compromised very early in the experiment (day 1 and 3, with and without Nisin Z, respectively). Only the crosslinked SAGNCL fibers remained intact for the 28 day-testing period. Their thermal resilience in comparison with the unmodified and SA-free fibers was also demonstrated. Nisin Z was functionalized onto the unmodified and chemically altered fibers at an average concentration of 178 µg/mL. Nisin Z did not impact on the fiber's morphology nor on their chemical/thermal stability. However, the peptide improved the SA fibers (control) structural integrity, guaranteeing its stability for longer, in physiological conditions. Its main effect was detected on the time-kill kinetics of the bacteria S. aureus. SAGNCL and GNCL loaded with Nisin Z were capable of progressively eliminating the bacteria, reaching an inhibition superior to 99% after 24 h of culture. The peptide-modified SA and SAGN were not as effective, losing their antimicrobial action after 6 h of incubation. Bacteria elimination was consistent with the release kinetics of Nisin Z from the fibers. In general, data revealed the increased potential and durable effect of Nisin Z (significantly superior to its free, unloaded form) against S. aureus-induced infections, while loaded onto prospective biomedical wet-spun scaffolds.
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Wei L, Li Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao B, Liu Y, Song W, Fu X, Wu X, Huang S. An approach for mechanical property optimization of cell-laden alginate-gelatin composite bioink with bioactive glass nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:103. [PMID: 33140191 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) composite hydrogel is extensively used in extrusion-based bioprinting. Although Alg-Gel blends possess excellent biocompatibility and printability, poor mechanical properties have hindered its further clinical applications. In this study, a series of design by incorporating bioactive glass nanoparticles (BG) (particle size of 12 and 25 nm) into Alg-Gel hydrogel have been considered for optimizing the mechanical and biological properties. The composite Alg-Gel-BG bioink was biophysically characterized by mechanical tests and bioprinting practice. Biocompatibility of Alg-Gel-BG bioink was then investigated by bioprinting mouse dermal fibroblasts. Mechanical tests showed enhanced stiffness with increasing concentration of incorporated BG. But the maximum concentration of BG was determined 1.0 wt% before blends became too viscous to print. Meanwhile, the incorporation of BG did not affect the highly porous structure and biodegradation of Alg-Gel hydrogel, while the mechanical strength and printability were enhanced. In addition, the cellular proliferation and adhesion in the bioprinted constructs were significantly enhanced by BG (12 nm), while extension was not affected. Therefore, our strategy of incorporating BG in Alg-Gel composite hydrogel represents an easy-to-use approach to the mechanical reinforcement of cell-laden bioink, thus demonstrating their suitability for future applications in extrusion-based bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Wei
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Bin Yao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Sha Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, 2019RU051, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
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Gheorghita Puscaselu R, Lobiuc A, Dimian M, Covasa M. Alginate: From Food Industry to Biomedical Applications and Management of Metabolic Disorders. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2417. [PMID: 33092194 PMCID: PMC7589871 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially used extensively as an additive and ingredient in the food industry, alginate has become an important compound for a wide range of industries and applications, such as the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors. In the food industry, alginate has been used to coat fruits and vegetables, as a microbial and viral protection product, and as a gelling, thickening, stabilizing or emulsifying agent. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and the possibility of it being used in quantum satis doses prompted scientists to explore new properties for alginate usage. Thus, the use of alginate has been expanded so as to be directed towards the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, where studies have shown that it can be used successfully as biomaterial for wound, hydrogel, and aerogel dressings, among others. Furthermore, the ability to encapsulate natural substances has led to the possibility of using alginate as a drug coating and drug delivery agent, including the encapsulation of probiotics. This is important considering the fact that, until recently, encapsulation and coating agents used in the pharmaceutical industry were limited to the use of lactose, a potentially allergenic agent or gelatin. Obtained at a relatively low cost from marine brown algae, this hydrocolloid can also be used as a potential tool in the management of diabetes, not only as an insulin delivery agent but also due to its ability to improve insulin resistance, attenuate chronic inflammation and decrease oxidative stress. In addition, alginate has been recognized as a potential weight loss treatment, as alginate supplementation has been used as an adjunct treatment to energy restriction, to enhance satiety and improve weight loss in obese individuals. Thus, alginate holds the promise of an effective product used in the food industry as well as in the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. This review highlights recent research advances on the characteristics of alginate and brings to the forefront the beneficial aspects of using alginate, from the food industry to the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita Puscaselu
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Development and Evaluation of Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based on Natural Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102173. [PMID: 32977618 PMCID: PMC7598176 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) are three dimensional networks formed by polymers that can absorb aqueous solution of over 100% of their initial weight. This work aimed to develop and characterize SAHs of Chitosan/Xanthan gum (CG), Chitosan/Alginate (CA) and controlled Chitosan (C), Xanthan gum (G), and Alginate (A) produced using “onion-like” methodology. The swelling performance, the morphological structure, the crystallinity, and the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy characteristics of SAH were used for the characterization of polyelectrolytes complex. Swelling analysis showed that chitosan has a strong influence on the maintenance of hydrogels structure after swelling, mainly in the acid environment (pH = 2). The chitosan hydrogel presented around 3000% of acidic fluid absorption after 24 h. The chitosan:xanthan gum (1:1 and 2:1 named as C1G1 and C2G1, respectively) hydrogels were the best combination regarding swelling performance in an acid environment, reaching 1665% and 2024%, respectively, as well at pH 7.0, presenting 1005% (C1G1) and 667% (C2G1). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed samples with pores, and with different shapes. The X-ray diffraction showed the presence of a characteristic peak at 2θ = 20° in all developed composition because of the crystalline nature of chitosan. This work shows the possibility of developing eco-friendly biopolymer-based SAHs at a low cost with a good swelling capacity and stability.
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Enhancing proton conductivity of sodium alginate doped with glycolic acid in bio-based polymer electrolytes system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Montesdeoca CYC, Afewerki S, Stocco TD, Corat MAF, de Paula MMM, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. Oxygen-generating smart hydrogels supporting chondrocytes survival in oxygen-free environments. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 194:111192. [PMID: 32599503 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is one of our body's tissues which are not repaired automatically by itself. Problems associated with cartilage are very common worldwide and are considered the leading cause of pain and disability. Smart biomaterial or "Four dimensional" (4D) biomaterials has started emerging as a suitable candidate, which are principally three dimensional (3D) materials that change their morphology or generate a response measured at space and time to physiologic stimuli. In this context, the release of oxygen through hydrogels in contact with water is considered as 4D biomaterials. The objective of this study is to develop strategies to release oxygen in a sustainable and prolonged manner through hydrogels systems to promote chondrocytes survival in oxygen-free environment. The 4D biomaterials are engineered from gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) loaded with calcium peroxide (CPO), which have the ability to generate oxygen in a controlled and sustained manner for up to 6 days. The incorporation of CPO into the hydrogel system provided materials with enhanced mechanical and porosity properties. Furthermore, the hydrogels promoted chondrocyte survival and reduced cell death under oxygen-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samson Afewerki
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thiago Domingues Stocco
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP - State University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Marcus Alexandre Finzi Corat
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, UNICAMP - State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-877, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- LIMAV - Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, UFPI - Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil.
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Wu Z, Li Q, Xie S, Shan X, Cai Z. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of a 3D bioprinted gelatin-sodium alginate/rat Schwann-cell scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lopes ARDO, Locatelli GO, Barbosa RDM, Lobo Junior M, Moura Mascarin G, Lamenha Luna Finkler C. Preparation, characterisation and cell viability of encapsulated Trichoderma asperellum in alginate beads. J Microencapsul 2020; 37:270-282. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1729884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Olivo Locatelli
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Murillo Lobo Junior
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Moura Mascarin
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, Brazil
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Tailoring swelling of alginate-gelatin hydrogel microspheres by crosslinking with calcium chloride combined with transglutaminase. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115035. [PMID: 31426956 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-based hydrogels can find uses in a wide range of applications, including in the encapsulation field. This type of hydrogels is usually ionically crosslinked using calcium sources giving rise to products with limited internal crosslinking. In this work, it is hypothesized that the combination of alginate crosslinked by calcium chloride (external crosslinking; ionic mechanism) with gelatin crosslinked by transglutaminase (internal crosslinking; enzymatic induced mechanism) can be used to tailor the swelling behavior of alginate-based hydrogel microspheres. A systematic study was conducted by covering process variables such as gelatin content, TGase concentration, and CaCl2 contact time, added by statistic tools as central composite rotatable design (CCRD), principal component analysis (PCA) and multiobjective optimization, to map their effect on the resulting water content after production (expressed as swelling ratio), and swelling properties at pH 3 and 7. Among the studied variables, particle's swelling was mostly affected by the gelatin content and transglutaminase concentration.
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Mansoldo FRP, Neves Junior A, Cardoso VDS, Rosa MDSS, Vermelho AB. Evaluation of Kluyveromyces marxianus endo-polygalacturonase activity through ATR-FTIR. Analyst 2019; 144:4111-4120. [PMID: 31172988 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endo-polygalacturonase enzyme (endoPG: EC 3.2.1.15) plays an important role in the fruit juice and wine industries, so the development of new tools for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of its enzymatic action is necessary. In this work, we report the development of a simple, fast and practical method that did not use any chemical reagent to identify and evaluate the action of the endoPG enzyme, produced by the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT3172, using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). This method evaluated the action of the endoPG enzyme on the polygalacturonic acid (PGA) substrate at 5 different times (0, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes), and at each time interval the samples were analyzed by ATR-FTIR. It was demonstrated that there was clear segregation between the samples that were and that were not subjected to the action of the endoPG enzyme, and it was also possible to distinguish the samples that were subjected to different incubation times with the enzyme. Through PCA-LDA it was possible to obtain wavelengths that are biomarkers for this enzymatic reaction and the observed changes as a function of hydrolysis duration were found to be in agreement with the breakdown of the glycosidic chain (1011 cm-1-CH-O- CH stretching) of PGA and release of oligosaccharides (1078 cm-1 C-OH elongation). The activity of the endoPG enzyme and the release of galacturonic acid were verified by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method in all samples. The efficacy of an automatic classifier using a principal component analysis-linear discriminant classifier (PCA-LDC) was evaluated to diagnose the action of the endoPG enzyme. The results showed an accuracy of 100% for the identification of the endoPG enzyme action and from 91.67% to 100% for classification according to the hydrolysis duration in which PGA was exposed to endoPG. The present study indicates that this methodology may be a new approach for the qualitative evaluation of the endoPG enzyme with the potential to be used in laboratories and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Raposo Passos Mansoldo
- BIOINOVAR - Biocatalysis, Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abbasiliasi S, Shun TJ, Tengku Ibrahim TA, Ismail N, Ariff AB, Mokhtar NK, Mustafa S. Use of sodium alginate in the preparation of gelatin-based hard capsule shells and their evaluation in vitro. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16147-16157. [PMID: 35521410 PMCID: PMC9064353 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using only type B gelatin produces hard capsule shells which are too brittle. This study examines the blending of type B bovine gelatin with sodium alginate to produce hard capsule shells and through evaluation of their in vitro physicochemical properties provides a reflection on the role of gelatin and sodium alginate in the blend. The compositions and formulation of the capsule shells in this study comprised gelatin (10%, 20% and 30%), sodium alginate (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%), water, and opacifying agents (titanium dioxide; TiO2) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) whose concentrations were kept constant. From the 15 films prepared, five were found to form hard capsule shells. Increased concentrations of sodium alginate increased the viscosity of the blends accompanied by capsule thickening. There was a good molecular compatibility between gelatin and sodium alginate. Increased gelatin and sodium alginate concentrations increased the water-holding capacity of the film, which decreased the redness (a*), lightness (L*), blueness (b*), variation in the color parameters (ΔE*) and the whiteness index (WI). The weight of the capsule shells ranged between 0.080 g and 0.25 g and the moisture content was between 5% and 11%. Ash contents for all the formulations were below 5% and the sensitivity of capsules at pH 7 was higher than that at acidic pH. Highest rupture times were observed with simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1) for all formulations. Increased gelatin concentration decreased the resistance of the capsule to force while increased sodium alginate concentration had no effect on resistance to force. Using only type B gelatin produces hard capsule shells which are too brittle.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Joo Shun
- Bioprocess Technology
- School of Industrial Technology
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Tengku Azmi Tengku Ibrahim
- Institute of Bioscience
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Nurdiana Ismail
- Halal Products Research Institute
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya B. Ariff
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Halal Products Research Institute
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
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A novel strategy for probiotic bacteria: Ensuring microbial stability of fish fillets using characterized probiotic bacteria-loaded nanofibers. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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