1
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Brasil J, Angerami RN, Donalisio MR. Factors associated with the confirmation and death for Brazilian spotted fever in an important endemic area of the State of São Paulo, 2007-2021. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e00708. [PMID: 39082523 PMCID: PMC11290846 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0617-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the predictive factors for case confirmation and death from Brazilian spotted fever in an endemic area of Southeastern Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. All suspected cases reported between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed using two logistic regression models. RESULTS 60 cases were confirmed. Male sex, age group of 40-59 years, tick parasitism, presence of capybaras or horses, exanthema and hospitalization were positively associated with confirmation. Death was associated with a longer period between first symptom-hospitalization and shorter treatment. CONCLUSIONS Complete clinical evaluation and information on risk exposure are key to early suspicion, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardel Brasil
- Secretaria de Saúde de Americana, Unidade de Vigilância em Saúde,
Americana, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Saúde Coletiva, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Saúde Coletiva, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Rita Donalisio
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em
Saúde Coletiva, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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2
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Moreira Magela S, Flávia do Nascimento A, Macena Pereira de Souza B. Capybara Ticks and the Urban Context of Spotted Fever in Brazil: An Overview. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and is transmitted through tick’s saliva. Humans, ticks, and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are often coexisting in environments that favor the spread of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). Although capybaras do not transmit R. rickettsii, they can amplify these bacteria among tick vector populations, playing a significant role in the one health approach and epidemiology of the disease. Urban populations of capybaras have increased, especially in Southeast Brazil, as well as the number of cases and lethality of BSF have increased in the country since the 1980s. This expansion is mainly determined by the availability of food and the absence of predators. Thus, urban areas, including parks and university campuses, provide an abundance of food and protection against predators, ensuring the multiplication of the species and increasing the risk of transmission to humans due to the proximity of man with animals in the urban environment. Therefore, this chapter aims to address aspects of spotted fever, considering the many dimensions of the species involved, contributing to public strategies and policies.
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3
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de Carvalho Nunes E, de Moura-Martiniano NO, de Lima Duré AÍ, de Melo Iani FC, de Oliveira SV, de Mello FL, Gazêta GS. Spotted Fever in the Morphoclimatic Domains of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2021.718047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the tick-borne rickettsiosis known as Spotted Fever (SF) has been recorded from 59% of the Federative Units, however, the knowledge of the epidemiology and dynamics of human infection remains incipient in certain areas, complicating appropriate public health actions to inform the general population and control the disease. Here, we improved the interpretation of epidemiological information of SF cases recorded for an important endemic area. A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out based on records in the SINAN (Notifiable Diseases Information System) SF case databases. Data analysis was performed using Python programming language, Pandas library and Qgis map making. To evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, assistance, laboratory and epidemiological characteristics, simple and relative nominal values of occurrences, means and standard deviations, and molecular analyzes were performed to identify the bioagent present in biological samples collected during each case investigation. Of the 298 confirmed cases, 98 resulted in death, the number of cases increased from 2011, and the disease scenario had 32.8% lethality. Overall, 207 cases involved men, and lethality was higher in this group. The most affected age group was 30 to 59 years old. The majority of patients reported having had contact with animals such as ticks, capybara and domestic animals such as dogs and cats. The results corroborate existing studies in areas of severe SF cases in Brazil. Despite reports of SF cases from the Cerrado Biome, analyses show that serious cases occur in anthropized areas of the Atlantic Forest biome, and in a transition area between this and the Cerrado. Complex, longitudinal, multidisciplinary studies, with an eco-epidemiological focus, should be carried out to allow the construction of algorithms capable of predicting, in time and space, the risk factors associated with severe cases and deaths from SF, with the aim of avoiding their expansion.
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4
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Zaldívar Y, Hernández M, Domínguez L, Saénz L, Montilla S, de Antinori MEB, Krawczak FS, Bermúdez S. Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Outbreak, Panama. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1245-1247. [PMID: 33755006 PMCID: PMC8007289 DOI: 10.3201/eid2704.201606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report new cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in patients from Kinkantu, Ngäbe-Bugle indigenous comarca, Panama. We isolated Rickettsia rickettsii in cell culture after intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs with tissues from a deceased patient. Our results indicate that Rocky Mountain spotted fever is emerging in this region.
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5
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Durães LS, Bitencourth K, Ramalho FR, Nogueira MC, Nunes EDC, Gazêta GS. Biodiversity of Potential Vectors of Rickettsiae and Epidemiological Mosaic of Spotted Fever in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Front Public Health 2021; 9:577789. [PMID: 33777873 PMCID: PMC7994328 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.577789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted Fever Rickettsioses (SFR) are diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and are transmitted mainly by ticks. Its eco-epidemiological scenarios vary spatially, and may also vary over time due to environmental changes. It is the main disease transmitted by ticks to humans in Brazil, with the state of Paraná (PR) having the sixth highest number of notified incidences in the country. However, information is lacking regarding the SFR disease cycles at likely infection sites within PR. During case investigations or environmental surveillance in PR for SFR, 28,517 arthropods were collected, including species known or potentially involved in the SFR cycles, such as Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma parkeri, Ctenocephalides felis felis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. From these Rickettsia asembonensis, Rickettsia bellii, Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Rainforest and Candidatus Rickettsia paranaensis were detected. Ectoparasite abundance was found to be related with specific hosts and collection environments. Rickettsiae circulation was observed for 48 municipalities, encompassing 16 Health Regions (HR). As for socio-demographic and assistance indicators, circulation occurred largely in the most urbanized HR, with a higher per capita Gross Domestic Product, lower Family Health Strategy coverage, and with a higher ratio of beds in the Unified Health System per thousand inhabitants. For environmental variables, circulation occurred predominantly in HR with a climatic classified as “subtropical with hot summers” (Cfa), and with forest type phytogeographic formations. In terms of land use, circulation was commonest in areas with agriculture, pasture and fields and forest cover. Rickettsiae were circulating in almost all hydrographic basins of PR state. The results of this study provide the first descriptive recognition of SFR in PR, as well as outlining its eco-epidemiological dynamics. These proved to be quite heterogeneous, and analyzed scenarios showed characteristics strongly-associated with the outbreaks, with cases presenting clinical variation in space, so illustrating the complexity of scenarios in PR state. Due to the diversity of the circumstances surrounding SFR infections in PR, public health initiatives are necessary to foster a better understanding of the dynamics and factors effecting vulnerability to SFR in this Brazilian state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Silva Durães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Bitencourth
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico Rodrigues Ramalho
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Círio Nogueira
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Emília de Carvalho Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on humans and distribution of spotted-fever cases and its tick vectors in Paraná State, southern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Two for the price of one: Co-infection with Rickettsia bellii and spotted fever group Rickettsia in Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks recovered from wild birds in Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:101266. [PMID: 31402227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Rickettsia bellii has been detected in 25 species of ticks in the American continents, but its pathogenic potential is considered as undetermined. A possible role for this species in the phenomenon of transovarial exclusion of pathogenic members of the spotted fever group (SFG) of Rickettsia has been suggested and co-infections with pathogenic species have been reported infrequently in both North and South America. Traditional methods for the molecular detection of rickettsial agents in ticks focus largely on the identification of sequences found in SFG Rickettsia, an approach that may overlook the presence of co-infections with R. bellii. Two novel, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, targeting the genes encoding the surface cell antigen (Sca), autotransporter proteins sca9 and sca14, were developed and validated for the detection of R. bellii using 150 Amblyomma ticks collected from wild birds in Brazil. Co-infection of R. bellii infected ticks was evaluated using a novel PCR assay targeting the ompA sequence characteristic of SFG Rickettsia. Preliminary species-level identification was achieved by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and subsequently confirmed by sequencing of amplicons. Nine out of seventy-three Amblyomma longirostre and one of two Amblyomma calcaratum ticks were shown to be co-infected with R. bellii and Rickettsia amblyommatis, while two out of sixty-seven Amblyomma sp. haplotype Nazaré ticks were recorded as co-infected with R. bellii and the Rickettsia parkeri-like bacterium, strain ApPR. Interestingly, our data represent the first records of R. bellii in association with A. calcaratum and Amblyomma sp. haplotype Nazaré. The novel PCR-RFLP systems reported herein, provide an alternative, rapid and cost-efficient (relative to strategies based on sequencing or real-time PCR), approach to evaluate rickettsial co-infection of ticks, a potentially significant phenomenon that has most likely been underestimated to date.
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8
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Silva AB, Cardoso KM, de Oliveira SV, Costa RMF, Oliveira G, Amorim M, Alves LC, Monteiro MFM, Gazeta GS. Rickettsia amblyommatis infecting Amblyomma pseudoconcolor in area of new focus of spotted fever in northeast Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 182:305-308. [PMID: 29545159 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, active infections of Rickettsia spp. is confirmed in all regions, involving various species of ticks. During investigation of a new focus of Spotted Fever (SF) incidence in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille), and Amblyomma pseudoconcolor were collected from one Canis familiaris and four Euphractus sexcinctus, respectively, and analized for the presence of rickettsial genes. Ten A. pseudoconcolor ticks (90.9%) were found to be infected with Rickettsia, whereas no evidence of Rickettsia spp. was found in R. sanguineus s. l. Genetic analysis based of five rickettsial genes showed that the detected strain is most closely related to Rickettsia amblyommatis (formerly Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii). R. amblyommatis was, for the first time, detected in Amblyomma pseudoconcolor and the results pointed to this tick like a potential vector in the enzootic cycle of R. amblyommatis in a typical semiarid Brazilian savannah region. In conclusion, despite the need for further studies to confirm if R. amblyommatis was responsible for the observed case in the state of Pernambuco, the presence of this bacterium during an SF focussed investigation should be a major concern in terms of public health due the capacity of SF for rapid and extensive dispersion within Brazilian territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arannadia Barbosa Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade CEUMA - UNICEUMA, Imperatriz, MA, Brazil; Faculdade Vale do Aço - FAVALE, Açailândia, MA, Brazil
| | - Karen Medeiros Cardoso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stefan Vilges de Oliveira
- Coordenação Geral de Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Geane Oliveira
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marinete Amorim
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Salles Gazeta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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9
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Oliveira SVD, Costa RMF, Ferreira G, Pereira SVC, Amorim M, Monteiro MFM, Alves LC, Gazeta GS. Fatal case of spotted fever in a patient from Northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e21. [PMID: 29846472 PMCID: PMC5975566 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted fevers are diseases caused by bacterial agents belonging to the
spotted-fever (SF) group of the genus Rickettsia. The first
documented case of SF in Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil, was reported here.
Also, it is the first case described of fatal SF in Northeast region of Brazil.
The patient was a resident of Arcoverde municipality and the probable site of
infection lies in Sertania municipality, both in Pernambuco State, a semi-arid
region of Brazil. The patient had not visited other areas where SF is endemic.
The patient showed clinical manifestations and epidemiological exposure
compatible with SF, and the infection was confirmed by molecular biology
techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geane Ferreira
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marinete Amorim
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazeta
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Vetores das Riquetsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Vilges de Oliveira S, Nogueira Angerami R. Timeliness in the notification of spotted fever in Brazil: Evaluating compulsory reporting strategies and digital disease detection. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 72:16-18. [PMID: 29730381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted fever is caused by rickettsia species, and is the most important tick-borne disease. In Brazil, it requires national compulsory notification to the Ministry of Health. Since 2007, all suspected cases of spotted fever have been integrated into the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). In this descriptive study we evaluate the timeliness (expressed in number of days between time of clinical suspicion and reporting) of the compulsory notification of spotted fever cases in SINAN and the strategy for digital disease detection (DDD). This study analysed the information from the SINAN and from the digital detection strategy used by ProMED-Português. Results show that detection by the SINAN system was more efficient than Promed-Português, reporting 90.4% of evaluated suspected cases 20.5days earlier. The surveillance strategy based on the mandatory case reporting using SINAN has proven to be more timely, but DDD can be considered as a complementary strategy providing a more disseminate epidemiological information to wide range readership globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vilges de Oliveira
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Vetores das Riquetsioses da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami
- Seção de Epidemiologia Hospitalar, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Descriptions of two new cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Panama, and coincident infection with Rickettsia rickettsii in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. in an urban locality of Panama City, Panama. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:875-878. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe clinical and pathologic characterisation of two fatal cases of tick-borne rickettsiosis in rural (El Valle) and urban (City of Panama) Panama are described. Clinical and autopsy findings were non-specific, but the molecular analysis was used to identify Rickettsia rickettsii in both cases. No ticks were collected in El Valle, while in the urban case, R. rickettsii was detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., representing the first molecular finding in this tick in Panama and Central America.
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12
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Silva AB, Duarte MM, da Costa Cavalcante R, de Oliveira SV, Vizzoni VF, de Lima Duré AÍ, de Melo Iani FC, Machado-Ferreira E, Gazêta GS. Rickettsia rickettsii infecting Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille 1806), in high altitude atlantic forest fragments, Ceara State, Brazil. Acta Trop 2017; 173:30-33. [PMID: 28535905 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, Spotted Fever (SF) is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic Forest. In recent years, several human cases of a milder SF have been reported from the Maciço de Baturité region of Ceará State. Previous studies in this region found R. parkeri strain Atlantic Forest to be present in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Amblyomma ovale ticks. The present study isolated and identified the Rickettsia spp. present in this new endemic area in Brazil. In March 2015, R. sanguineus s.l. and A. ovale were collected in rural areas of the Maciço de Baturité region, and subjected to the isolation technique. A bacterium was isolated from one R. sanguineus s.l., which phylogenetic analysis clustered to the R. rickettsii group. In conclusion, R. rickettsii bacteria is circulating in the studied area and may in future have an impact on the clinical diagnoses and consequently cause changes in the profile of the disease in the region. In addition, we suggest the increase of epidemiological and environmental surveillance in the area, in order to prevent Brazilian Spotted Fever cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arannadia Barbosa Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Myrian Morato Duarte
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Figueiredo Vizzoni
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Ana Íris de Lima Duré
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Brazil
| | | | - Erik Machado-Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Eucariontes e Simbiontes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Salles Gazêta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/(FIOCRUZ/IOC), Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Brazil.
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13
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de Oliveira SV, Willemann MCA, Gazeta GS, Angerami RN, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Predictive Factors for Fatal Tick-Borne Spotted Fever in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:e44-e50. [PMID: 28169507 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, two pathogenic Rickettsia species have been identified causing tick-borne spotted fever (SF). The aetiological agent Rickettsia rickettsii causes serious illness, particularly in the south-eastern region of the country. Moreover, the Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic Rainforest cause milder clinical manifestations in south-eastern, south and north-east regions. This study has sought to analyse predictive factors for fatal SF. A case-control study was performed using disease notification records in Brazil. The cases included were individuals with laboratory confirmation and fatal progression of SF, while the controls included individuals with SF who were cured. A total of 386 cases and 415 controls were identified (1 : 1.1), and the cases and controls were similar in age. The factors identified as being protective against death were reported presence of ticks (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.88), residing in urban areas (OR, 0.47, 95% CI, 0.31-0.74) and presenting lymphadenopathy (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23-0.82). Males exhibited a greater chance of death (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.13-2.18), as did patients who were hospitalized (OR, 10.82; 95% CI, 6.38-18.35) and who presented hypotension or shock (OR, 10.80; 95% CI, 7.33-15.93), seizures (OR, 11.24; 95% CI, 6.49-19.45) and coma (OR of 15.16; 95% CI, 8.51-27.02). The study demonstrates the severity profile of the SF cases, defined either as the frequency of hospitalization (even in cases that were cured) or as the increased frequency of the clinical complications typically found in critical patients. Opportune clinical diagnosis, a careful evaluation of the epidemiological aspects of the disease and adequate care for patients are determining factors for reducing SF fatality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine at the University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,National Reference Laboratory for Rickettsial disease Vectors of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M C A Willemann
- Department of Health Surveillance of the Secretariat of Health of Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - G S Gazeta
- National Reference Laboratory for Rickettsial disease Vectors of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R N Angerami
- Clinical Hospital of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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