|
1
|
Silvestrini MMA, Alessio GD, Frias BED, Sales Júnior PA, Araújo MSS, Silvestrini CMA, Brito Alvim de Melo GE, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins HR. New insights into Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity, and its influence on parasite biology and clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342431. [PMID: 38655255 PMCID: PMC11035809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem worldwide. The parasite was subdivided into six distinct genetic groups, called "discrete typing units" (DTUs), from TcI to TcVI. Several studies have indicated that the heterogeneity of T. cruzi species directly affects the diversity of clinical manifestations of Chagas disease, control, diagnosis performance, and susceptibility to treatment. Thus, this review aims to describe how T. cruzi genetic diversity influences the biology of the parasite and/or clinical parameters in humans. Regarding the geographic dispersion of T. cruzi, evident differences were observed in the distribution of DTUs in distinct areas. For example, TcII is the main DTU detected in Brazilian patients from the central and southeastern regions, where there are also registers of TcVI as a secondary T. cruzi DTU. An important aspect observed in previous studies is that the genetic variability of T. cruzi can impact parasite infectivity, reproduction, and differentiation in the vectors. It has been proposed that T. cruzi DTU influences the host immune response and affects disease progression. Genetic aspects of the parasite play an important role in determining which host tissues will be infected, thus heavily influencing Chagas disease's pathogenesis. Several teams have investigated the correlation between T. cruzi DTU and the reactivation of Chagas disease. In agreement with these data, it is reasonable to suppose that the immunological condition of the patient, whether or not associated with the reactivation of the T. cruzi infection and the parasite strain, may have an important role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. In this context, understanding the genetics of T. cruzi and its biological and clinical implications will provide new knowledge that may contribute to additional strategies in the diagnosis and clinical outcome follow-up of patients with Chagas disease, in addition to the reactivation of immunocompromised patients infected with T. cruzi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Glaucia Diniz Alessio
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Estefânia Diniz Frias
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Júnior
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Integrated Biomarker Research Group, René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helen Rodrigues Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Abstract
Parasitic agents have been known to cause human disease since ancient times and are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Complications of parasitic diseases, including kidney involvement, are associated with worse outcomes. Chagas disease, filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria and schistosomiasis are important parasitic diseases that can damage the kidney. These diseases affect millions of people worldwide, primarily in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and kidney involvement is associated with increased mortality. The most common kidney complications of parasitic diseases are acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis and tubular dysfunction. The mechanisms that underlie parasitic disease-associated kidney injury include direct parasite damage; immunological phenomena, including immune complex deposition and inflammation; and systemic manifestations such as haemolysis, haemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis. In addition, use of nephrotoxic drugs to treat parasitic infections is associated with acute kidney injury. Early diagnosis of kidney involvement and adequate management is crucial to prevent progression of kidney disease and optimize patient recovery.
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Gozzi-Silva SC, Benard G, Alberca RW, Yendo TM, Teixeira FME, Oliveira LDM, Beserra DR, Pietrobon AJ, de Oliveira EA, Branco ACCC, Andrade MMDS, Fernandes IG, Pereira NZ, Ramos YÁL, Lima JC, Provenci B, Mangini S, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and CMV Dissemination in Transplant Recipients as a Treatment for Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:22. [PMID: 33579042 PMCID: PMC7985779 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has infected over 90 million people worldwide, therefore it is considered a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and/or organ failure. Individuals receiving a heart transplantation (HT) may be at higher risk of adverse outcomes attributable to COVID-19 due to immunosuppressives, as well as concomitant infections that may also influence the prognoses. Herein, we describe the first report of two cases of HT recipients with concomitant infections by SARS-CoV-2, Trypanosoma cruzi, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) dissemination, from the first day of hospitalization due to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) until the death of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Tatiana Mina Yendo
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Danielle Rosa Beserra
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily Araujo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Mary de Souza Andrade
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Iara Grigoletto Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Julia Cataldo Lima
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Bruna Provenci
- Instituto do Coração (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine of University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (B.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandrigo Mangini
- Instituto do Coração (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine of University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil; (B.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Institute of Tropical Medicine of School of Medicine of São Paulo (FMUSP), 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; (G.B.); (R.W.A.); (T.M.Y.); (F.M.E.T.); (L.d.M.O.); (D.R.B.); (A.J.P.); (E.A.d.O.); (A.C.C.C.B.); (M.M.d.S.A.); (I.G.F.); (N.Z.P.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (J.C.L.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (M.N.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|