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Cruz LNPD, Teles-de-Freitas R, Resck MEB, Fonseca ABDA, Padilha KP, Farnesi LC, Araripe LO, Bruno RV. Light and dark cycles modify the expression of clock genes in the ovaries of Aedes aegypti in a noncircadian manner. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287237. [PMID: 37856474 PMCID: PMC10586701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillators (i.e., circadian clocks) are essential to producing the circadian rhythms observed in virtually all multicellular organisms. In arthropods, many rhythmic behaviors are generated by oscillations of the central pacemaker, specific groups of neurons of the protocerebrum in which the circadian oscillator molecular machinery is expressed and works; however, oscillators located in other tissues (i.e., peripheral clocks) could also contribute to certain rhythms, but are not well known in non-model organisms. Here, we investigated whether eight clock genes that likely constitute the Aedes aegypti clock are expressed in a circadian manner in the previtellogenic ovaries of this mosquito. Also, we asked if insemination by conspecific males would alter the expression profiles of these clock genes. We observed that the clock genes do not have a rhythmic expression profile in the ovaries of virgin (VF) or inseminated (IF) females, except for period, which showed a rhythmic expression profile in ovaries of IF kept in light and dark (LD) cycles, but not in constant darkness (DD). The mean expression of seven clock genes was affected by the insemination status (VF or IF) or the light condition (LD 12:12 or DD), among which five were affected solely by the light condition, one solely by the insemination status, and one by both factors. Our results suggest that a functional circadian clock is absent in the ovaries of A. aegypti. Still, their differential mean expression promoted by light conditions or insemination suggests roles other than circadian rhythms in this mosquito's ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Barreto Resck
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Pedreira Padilha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana Cristina Farnesi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ordunha Araripe
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
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Bailly TPM, Kohlmeier P, Etienne RS, Wertheim B, Billeter JC. Social modulation of oogenesis and egg laying in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00750-9. [PMID: 37369209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Being part of a group facilitates cooperation between group members but also creates competition for resources. This is a conundrum for gravid females, whose future offspring benefit from being in a group only if there are enough resources relative to group size. Females may therefore be expected to modulate reproductive output depending on social context. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. The genetic tractability of this species allows dissecting the mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation to social context. Here, we show that females produce eggs increasingly faster as group size increases. By laying eggs faster when grouped than when isolated, females reduce competition between offspring and increase offspring survival. In addition, grouped females lay eggs during the day, while isolated females lay them at night. We show that responses to the presence of others requires visual input and that flies from any sex, mating status, or species can trigger these responses. The mechanisms of this modulation of egg laying by group is connected to a lifting of the inhibition of light on oogenesis and egg laying, possibly mediated in part by an increase in juvenile hormone activity. Because modulation of reproduction by social context is a hallmark of animals with higher levels of sociality, our findings in a species considered solitary question the validity of this nomenclature and suggest a widespread and profound influence of social context on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine P M Bailly
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9474AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Kohlmeier
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9474AG Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Memphis, Department of Biological Sciences, Memphis, TN 38152-3530, USA
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9474AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bregje Wertheim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9474AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9474AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Lu W, Leal WS, Brisco KK, An S, Cornel AJ. A highly expressed odorant receptor from the yellow fever mosquito, AaegOR11, responds to (+)- and (-)-fenchone and a phenolic repellent. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 151:103866. [PMID: 36347453 PMCID: PMC10540613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cornerstone of the reverse chemical ecology approach is the identification of odorant receptors (OR) sensitive to compounds in a large panel of odorants. In this approach, we de-orphanize ORs and, subsequently, measure behaviors elicited by these semiochemicals. After that, we evaluate behaviorally active compounds for applications in insect vector management. Intriguingly, multiple ORs encoded by genes highly expressed in mosquito antennae do not respond to any test odorant. One such case is CquiOR125 from the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say. To better understand CquiOR125's role in Culex mosquito olfaction, we have cloned a CquiOR125 orthologue in the genome of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), AaegOR11. Unlike the unresponsive nature of the orthologue in Cx. quinquefasciatus, oocytes co-expressing AaegOR11 and AaegOrco elicited robust responses when challenged with fenchone, 2,3-dimethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 4-methycyclohexanol, and acetophenone. Interestingly, AaegOR11 responded strongly and equally to (+)- and (-)-fenchone, with no chiral discrimination. Contrary to reports in the literature, fenchone did not show any repellency activity against Ae. aegypti or Cx. quinquefasciatus. Laboratory and field tests did not show significant increases in egg captures in cups filled with fenchone solutions compared to control cups. The second most potent ligand, 2,3-dimethylphenol, showed repellency activity stronger than that elicited by DEET at the same dose. We, therefore, concluded that AaegOR11 is a mosquito repellent sensor. It is feasible that CquiOR125 responds to repellents that remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiYu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Walter S Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Katherine K Brisco
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California-Davis, 9240 S Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Sunny An
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anthony J Cornel
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California-Davis, 9240 S Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
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4
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Au DD, Liu JC, Nguyen TH, Foden AJ, Park SJ, Dimalanta M, Yu Z, Holmes TC. Nocturnal mosquito Cryptochrome 1 mediates greater electrophysiological and behavioral responses to blue light relative to diurnal mosquito Cryptochrome 1. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042508. [PMID: 36532283 PMCID: PMC9749892 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal Anopheles mosquitoes exhibit strong behavioral avoidance to blue-light while diurnal Aedes mosquitoes are behaviorally attracted to blue-light and a wide range of other wavelengths of light. To determine the molecular mechanism of these effects, we expressed light-sensing Anopheles gambiae (AgCRY1) and Aedes aegypti (AeCRY1) Cryptochrome 1 (CRY) genes under a crypGAL4-24 driver line in a mutant Drosophila genetic background lacking native functional CRY, then tested behavioral and electrophysiological effects of mosquito CRY expression relative to positive and negative CRY control conditions. Neither mosquito CRY stops the circadian clock as shown by robust circadian behavioral rhythmicity in constant darkness in flies expressing either AgCRY1 or AeCRY1. AgCRY1 and AeCRY1 both mediate acute increases in large ventral lateral neuronal firing rate evoked by 450 nm blue-light, corresponding to CRY's peak absorbance in its base state, indicating that both mosquito CRYs are functional, however, AgCRY1 mediates significantly stronger sustained electrophysiological light-evoked depolarization in response to blue-light relative to AeCRY1. In contrast, neither AgCRY1 nor AeCRY1 expression mediates measurable increases in large ventral lateral neuronal firing rates in response to 405 nm violet-light, the peak of the Rhodopsin-7 photoreceptor that is co-expressed in the large lateral ventral neurons. These results are consistent with the known action spectra of type 1 CRYs and lack of response in cry-null controls. AgCRY1 and AeCRY1 expressing flies show behavioral attraction to low intensity blue-light, but AgCRY1 expressing flies show behavioral avoidance to higher intensity blue-light. These results show that nocturnal and diurnal mosquito Cryptochrome 1 proteins mediate differential physiological and behavioral responses to blue-light that are consistent with species-specific mosquito behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Au
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenny C. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Thanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Foden
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Soo Jee Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mia Dimalanta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Yu
- Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Todd C. Holmes,
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5
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Zhou H, Shi K, Wu F, Wang B, Li J, Deng B, Zhou C. Dual Effects of Light on Regulating Aedes aegypti Heat-Seeking Behavior. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1420-1424. [PMID: 35608751 PMCID: PMC9672221 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Bowen Deng
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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6
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Azevedo LH, Borges V, Filho WM, de Campos Castilho R, de Moraes GJ. Semi-field evaluation of the predation of Macrocheles embersoni and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) on the house fly and the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1029-1034. [PMID: 34783158 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are important and harmful organisms. The cosmopolitan house fly is not parasitic, but the adults are annoying and a known vector of several pathogens. The importance of the stable fly has increased in Brazil in the last 40 years, after major changes in sugarcane cultivation practices were implemented, including the widespread application of vinasse (byproduct in sugarcane mills) and the parallel reduction of sugarcane preharvest burning. These changes have favored the development of this fly, which can reach high populations, that can negatively affect cattle and other animals. The control of these flies relies heavily on the use of chemical products, which very often do not provide adequate population reduction. Predatory mites of the family Macrochelidae have been evaluated under laboratory conditions for the biological control of these organisms, especially of the house fly. The objective of this study was to examine the predation capacity of the macrochelids Macrocheles embersoni Azevedo, Castilho & Berto and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) on the house fly and the stable fly, under semi-field conditions (screen-houses). RESULTS Reductions of 83 to 90% of the house fly and 66 to 73% of the stable fly populations were observed, with the release of 100 of these predators per square meter. CONCLUSIONS The number of adults of both fly species was much lower in the units where the predators had been released than in the others. However it is suggested that provisioning and or conserving alternative food sources for these macrochelids, such as free-living nematodes, could further improve biocontrol efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Henrique Azevedo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Borges
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Walter Mesquita Filho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Campos Castilho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Moraes
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
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Unlike Zika, Chikungunya virus interferes in the viability of Aedes aegypti eggs, regardless of females' age. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13642. [PMID: 32788625 PMCID: PMC7423895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Mosquito fecundity and egg viability are important parameters of vectorial capacity. Here we aim to understand, comparatively, the effects of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections on the fecundity and fertility of young and old Aedes aegypti females. Using artificial infection blood feeding experiments we observed that both CHIKV and ZIKV do not alter the number of eggs laid when compared to uninfected females, although the egg fertility significantly decreases in both young and old CHIKV-infected females. There is an upward trend of null females (infertile females) from 2.1% in young to 6.8% in old ZIKV-infected females. Together, our data revealed that CHIKV and ZIKV affects differently Ae. aegypti physiology, that may be related to different viral spread in nature.
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8
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Baik LS, Nave C, Au DD, Guda T, Chevez JA, Ray A, Holmes TC. Circadian Regulation of Light-Evoked Attraction and Avoidance Behaviors in Daytime- versus Nighttime-Biting Mosquitoes. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3252-3259.e3. [PMID: 32619483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes pose widespread threats to humans and other animals as disease vectors [1]. Day- versus night-biting mosquitoes occupy distinct time-of-day niches [2, 3]. Here, we explore day- versus night-biting female and male mosquitoes' innate temporal attraction/avoidance behavioral responses to light and their regulation by circadian circuit and molecular mechanisms. Day-biting mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, particularly females, are attracted to light during the day regardless of spectra. In contrast, night-biting mosquitoes, Anopheles coluzzii, specifically avoid ultraviolet (UV) and blue light during the day. Behavioral attraction to/avoidance of light in both species change with time of day and show distinct sex and circadian neural circuit differences. Males of both diurnal and nocturnal mosquito species show reduced UV light avoidance in anticipation of evening onset relative to females. The circadian neural circuits of diurnal/day- and nocturnal/night-biting mosquitoes based on PERIOD (PER) and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) expression show similar but distinct circuit organizations between species. The basis of diurnal versus nocturnal behaviors is driven by molecular clock timing, which cycles in anti-phase between day- versus night-biting mosquitoes. Observed differences at the neural circuit and protein levels provide insight into the fundamental basis underlying diurnality versus nocturnality. Molecular disruption of the circadian clock severely interferes with light-evoked attraction/avoidance behaviors in mosquitoes. In summary, attraction/avoidance behaviors show marked differences between day- versus night-biting mosquitoes, but both classes of mosquitoes are circadian and light regulated, which may be applied toward species-specific control of harmful mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Baik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ceazar Nave
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David D Au
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tom Guda
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua A Chevez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Chao S, Zhu D, Dixon D, Khater E, Xue RD. Diel activity patterns of adult female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) determined by a novel rotated trap in northeastern Florida, U.S.A. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2019; 44:149-153. [PMID: 31124234 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel rotator trap was evaluated to determine the diel activity patterns and physiological state of adult female mosquitoes in St. Augustine, FL, U.S.A. Culex nigripalpus were most active from 19:00-21:00, followed by 1:00-3:00, based on collections from the novel rotator trap. Furthermore, analysis of the physiological state of female mosquitoes collected by the novel rotator trap suggested that non-parous (nulliparous) host-seeking mosquitoes were more frequently active in the 21:00-23:00 and 09:00-19:00 time frames. Parous host-seeking mosquitoes were more frequently collected from 19:00-21:00 and 1:00-3:00. A low abundance of gravid females was collected by the rotator trap, so analysis of their activity periods was inconclusive. These results indicate that the novel rotated trap could be used to detect the diel activity patterns of adult mosquitoes in mosquito control programs and more testing should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chao
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Ding Zhu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
| | - Emad Khater
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassiah, 1156, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, U.S.A
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Farnesi LC, Belinato TA, Gesto JSM, Martins AJ, Bruno RV, Moreira LA. Embryonic development and egg viability of wMel-infected Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:211. [PMID: 31060581 PMCID: PMC6503365 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a major disease vector in urban habitats, involved in the transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Despite innumerous attempts to contain disease outbreaks, there are neither efficient vaccines nor definite vector control methods nowadays. In recent years, an innovative strategy to control arboviruses, which exploits the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis, emerged with great expectations. The success of the method depends on many aspects, including Wolbachia’s cytoplasmic incompatibility and pathogen interference phenotypes, as well as its effect on host fitness. In this work, we investigated the influence the Wolbachia strain wMel exerts on embryo development and egg viability and speculate on its field release use. Methods Wild-type (Br or Rockefeller) and Wolbachia-harboring specimens (wMelBr) were blood-fed and submitted to synchronous egg laying for embryo development assays. Samples were analyzed for morphological markers, developmental endpoint and egg resistance to desiccation (ERD). Quiescent egg viability over time was also assessed. Results wMelBr samples completed embryogenesis 2–3 hours later than wild-type. This delay was also observed through the onset of both morphological and physiological markers, respectively by the moments of germband extension and ERD acquisition. Following the end of embryonic development, wMelBr eggs were slightly less resistant to desiccation and showed reduced viability levels, which rapidly decayed after 40 days into quiescence, from approximately 75% to virtually 0% in less than a month. Conclusions Our data revealed that the wMel strain of Wolbachia slightly delays embryogenesis and also affects egg quality, both through reduced viability and desiccation resistance. These findings suggest that, although embryonic fitness is somehow compromised by wMel infection, an efficient host reproductive manipulation through cytoplasmic incompatibility seems sufficient to overcome these effects in nature and promote bacterial invasion, as shown by successful ongoing field implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina Farnesi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Affonso Belinato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Silveira Moledo Gesto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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