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Barbosa LB, Vasconcelos NBR, dos Santos EA, dos Santos TR, Ataide-Silva T, Ferreira HDS. Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Quilombola communities of Alagoas, Brazil. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:14. [PMID: 36650595 PMCID: PMC9847020 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of food can cause changes that turn them into risk factors for chronic diseases. A higher degree of food processing is associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors, focusing on a population group especially subjected to precarious living conditions and food insecurity. METHOD Cross-sectional population-based study with women (19 to 59 years) from Quilombola communities of Alagoas. The socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, health status, lifestyle, and food intake (24-h recall) variables were analyzed. The dependent variable was the MetS, defined using the harmonization criteria of the Joint Interim Statement, and its components. The foods consumed were categorized according to the Nova Classification, assuming the highest UPF consumption as risk exposure. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95%CI, calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. We also analyzed the association with the Nova score of UPF consumption. RESULTS We investigated 895 women (38.9 ± 11.0 years), of whom 48.3% had MetS. On average, 15.9% of the total energy intake came from UPF. Lower Nova scores were associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and low HDL. Higher UPF consumption was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of hypertension (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.06-1.61). CONCLUSION The highest UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, while a lower Nova score was a protective factor against diabetes and low HDL. UPF consumption in Quilombola communities is important but lower than that observed in the Brazilian population in general. It is suggested that public health programs be implemented to promote healthy eating while valuing the existing eating habits and traditions among the remaining Brazilian Quilombola people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Bezerra Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970 Brazil
- Faculty of Nutrition of the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970. Brazil
| | - Nancy Borges Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970 Brazil
| | - Ewerton Amorim dos Santos
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970. Brazil
| | - Tamara Rodrigues dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences of the Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970 Brazil
| | - Thays Ataide-Silva
- Faculty of Nutrition of the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970. Brazil
| | - Haroldo da Silva Ferreira
- Faculty of Nutrition of the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, BR 104, km 14, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970. Brazil
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Gonçalves MC, da Silva FR, Cantelli D, dos Santos MR, Aguiar PV, Pereira ES, Hanazaki N. Traditional Agriculture and Food Sovereignty: Quilombola Knowledge and Management of Food Crops. J ETHNOBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-42.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Cristina Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniele Cantelli
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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de Jesus VS, da Conceição Nascimento Costa M, de Camargo CL, Trad LAB, Nery JS. Hypertension in Quilombola children and adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28991. [PMID: 35356905 PMCID: PMC10684181 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To determine the prevalence of prehypertension (PH) and hypertension (AH) in quilombola children and adolescents, as well as to analyze sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics.Prevalence study conducted in random samples of quilombola children and adolescents from 06 to 19 years of age, in remaining quilombo communities in Cachoeira-Bahia. Identification, sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric, and blood pressure (BP) data were used. Descriptive analyses of the variables of interest were performed based on absolute (N) and included frequencies (percentage, prevalence). Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and Fisher Exact tests determined possible differences.Of the 668 participants, 54.3% were children, 51.2% were male, and 29.4% presented alterations in BP. PH and AH were found in 12.7% and 14.3% of the children, respectively; for adolescents, these values were 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of AH in the 2 population groups, nor between the PH measurements. Most families reported a low socioeconomic status. Among children, 6.6% were underweight, 14.6% were overweight, 10.7% were obese, 12.7% presented a Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) > 0.5; 70.1% were inactive and 88.4% had a sedentary lifestyle; 5.6% of the adolescents were underweight, 12.8% were overweight, 9.2% were obese, 11.5% presented a WHtR > 0.5; 78% were inactive and 92.1% had a sedentary lifestyle. Normotensive children and adolescents, and those with alterations in BP differed only in terms of the Body Mass Index (P = .007) and WHtR (P < .001). The consumption of unhealthy foods was high.The high prevalence of PH and AH, as well as of exposure to potential risk factors for AH in quilombola children and adolescents, reveals a worrisome situation, and demands further studies to identify risk factors for this disease and the need for interventions beyond the health sector, especially as regards disease prevention and control in the early stages of life, aiming to reduce its prevalence as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Silva de Jesus
- Correspondence: Viviane Silva de Jesus, Rua do Comércio, 430, Centauro, Eunápolis, Bahia, Brazil, CEP 45821-200 (e-mail: ).
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Cairo SMC, Teixeira CSS, da Silva TO, da Silva EKP, Martins PC, Bezerra VM, de Medeiros DS. Overweight in Rural Quilombola and Non-quilombola Adolescents From the Northeast of Brazil. Front Nutr 2021; 7:593929. [PMID: 33634159 PMCID: PMC7900433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.593929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Overweight is an emerging problem among children and adolescents that leads to the development of several morbidities and health risks. Overweight occurs differently in different populations, especially in vulnerable groups like the rural and quilombola communities (an African-descendant population). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and to investigate the possible associated factors in rural adolescents living in both quilombola and non-quilombola communities in Northeast Brazil. Methods: This study is a population-based cross-sectional study with a household approach carried out in 2015 with 390 adolescents (age 10–19 years) living in rural quilombola and non-quilombola communities. The nutritional status was gauged using z-scores calculated for body mass index (BMI) and varies with gender and age. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to establish associations between the results and explained variables. The multivariate analysis followed a model with a hierarchical entry of covariables controlled by gender and age. Results: The study showed that 18.5% of rural adolescents were overweight, of which 17.9% were quilombolas and 19.0% were non-quilombolas. A significant difference in overweight between the samples was not found. In the multivariate-adjusted model, age ≥16 years (PR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.95), the habit of having regular breakfast (PR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.98), and process of attending school (PR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.71) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight. Stationary screen time, in contrast, was associated with a higher prevalence (PR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.46). The process of attending school was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight (PR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.69), even for the quilombolas. Conclusions: A low prevalence of overweight was identified in rural adolescents. Overweight was significantly associated with the habit of having regular breakfast, older age, stationary screen time, and the process of attending school. The results reveal that school is a potential space for health promotion interventions, specifically in the most vulnerable rural regions, such as the quilombola communities. Besides, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle early in life, including cultivating the habit of having regular breakfast and reducing stationary screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M C Cairo
- Program of Post-Graduation in Collective Health, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Camila S S Teixeira
- Program of Post-Graduation in Public Health, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Tainan O da Silva
- Program of Post-Graduation in Collective Health, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Etna K P da Silva
- Program of Post-Graduation in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Poliana C Martins
- Program of Post-Graduation in Collective Health, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Bezerra
- Program of Post-Graduation in Collective Health, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Danielle S de Medeiros
- Program of Post-Graduation in Collective Health, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
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Feitosa MDO, Gomes MEA, Fontoura IG, Pereira CS, Carneiro AMDCT, de Oliveira MC, Viana JA, Fontoura VM, da Silva KC, Ribeiro RDS, Vieira PCDS, Leite SGDV, Leal LPDA, Feitosa ADNA, Fonseca FLA. Access to Health Services and Assistance Offered to the Afro-Descendant Communities in Northern Brazil: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020368. [PMID: 33418905 PMCID: PMC7825149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The remnants of quilombos, individuals of African descent, have faced several barriers throughout its history, either due to prejudice imposed by society, or the non-fulfillment of their rights guaranteed in the 1988 Constitution, such as access to health services. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the health care offered to quilombo communities in the northern region of Tocantins. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach, including field research and focus group, carried out with 58 quilombo remnants people from communities in the northern region of Tocantins. Data collection was carried out between from October 2017 to July 2018, through semi-structured interviews. We found that these communities have limited access to health services, in addition to a negative perception of the assistance offered to the health of their population and the commitment of managers. Therefore, access to health and assistance received by the studied communities required to be prioritized since the care provided is not unique and has not met the health demands and needs of the remaining quilombos in northern Tocantins, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela de Oliveira Feitosa
- Department of Postgraduate, ABC Faculty of Medicine, ABC University Center, Santo André, 09060-650 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.E.A.G.); (F.L.A.F.)
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, 65915-240 Maranhão, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-063-99965-2955
| | - Maria Elidiana Araújo Gomes
- Department of Postgraduate, ABC Faculty of Medicine, ABC University Center, Santo André, 09060-650 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.E.A.G.); (F.L.A.F.)
| | - Iolanda Graepp Fontoura
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, 65915-240 Maranhão, Brazil;
| | - Catilena Silva Pereira
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Ana Maria da Costa Teixeira Carneiro
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Maikon Chaves de Oliveira
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Janayna Araújo Viana
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Volmar Morais Fontoura
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | - Késia Chaves da Silva
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
- Higher Education Unit of South Maranhão, UNISULMA, Imperatriz, 65907-070 Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Renata de Sá Ribeiro
- Department of Nursing, State University of Tocantins, Augustinópolis, 77960-000 Tocantins, Brazil; (C.S.P.); (A.M.d.C.T.C.); (M.C.d.O.); (J.A.V.); (V.M.F.); (K.C.d.S.); (R.d.S.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Department of Postgraduate, ABC Faculty of Medicine, ABC University Center, Santo André, 09060-650 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.E.A.G.); (F.L.A.F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (SP), 09913-030 Diadema, Brazil
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