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da Rocha CMM, Gama VPM, de Moura Souza A, Massae Yokoo E, Verly Junior E, Bloch KV, Sichieri R. Comparison of Quality of Carbohydrate Metrics Related to Fasting Insulin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin and HOMA-IR in Brazilian Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:2544. [PMID: 35745274 PMCID: PMC9227805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets are effective for glycemic control (GC) associated with a carbohydrate-controlled meal plan. However, whether GI and GL peaks are related to GC is unknown. Objective: To compare the daily GI (DGI)/GL (DGL) and average GI (AvGI)/GL (AvGL) of meals (accounting for peaks) related to GC markers (GCM) in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A representative national school-based (public/private) sample of students without diabetes, 12−17 years of age, was evaluated. Food intake was based on a 24 h recall. The models for complex cluster sampling were adjusted (sex, sexual maturation, age, and physical activity). Results: Of 35,737 students, 74% were from public schools, 60% girls, 17% overweight, and 8% obese. The minimum DGI and DGL were observed at lunch, with higher values at night. Fasting insulin was 1.5 times higher in overweight/obese (OW) girls, and 1.7 times higher in OW boys than in normal-weight (NW) girls. The same trend was observed for the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OW = 2.82 vs. NW = 1.84 in girls; OW = 2.66 vs. NW = 1.54 in boys; p < 0.05). The daily and average metrics were greater for NW adolescents. Glycosylated hemoglobin was not associated with these metrics, except for AvGL. Insulin and HOMA-IR were associated with all metrics in NW adolescents, with greater coefficients associated with AvGL. Among overweight/obese adolescents, only GI metrics were associated (β = 0.23; AvGI and insulin) and appeared to have the best association with GCM. Conclusions: Among NW adolescents, GL is a better measure of carbohydrate quality, but for those with overweight/obesity, carbohydrate consumption is more associated with GC, probably because they eat/report small amounts of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Medeiros Macedo da Rocha
- Instituto de Alimentação e Nutrição, Centro Mutidisciplinar UFRJ—Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Aluizio da Silva Gomes 50, Novo Cavaleiros, Macaé 27930-560, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7º Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa Proêza Maciel Gama
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, Av. Souza Mota 350, Parque Fundão, Campos dos Goytacazes 28060-010, RJ, Brazil;
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques de Paraná 303, 3º Andar, Centro, Niterói 24030-210, RJ, Brazil;
- Curso de Especialização em Nutrição Clínica, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373—Bloco J 2º Andar, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Moura Souza
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo s/n, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.d.M.S.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Edna Massae Yokoo
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Marques de Paraná 303, 3º Andar, Centro, Niterói 24030-210, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Eliseu Verly Junior
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7º Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Katia Vergetti Bloch
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo s/n, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.d.M.S.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7º Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil;
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Costa BGGD, Duca GFD, Silva KSD, Benedet J, Malheiros LEA, Quadros EN, Streb AR, Rezende LFM. Socioeconomic inequalities in the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods in Brazilian adolescents. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1469-1476. [PMID: 35475827 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022274.03372021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated socioeconomic inequalities in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods among adolescents. We used data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), 2015. According to the self-reported consumption of beans, vegetables and fruits, a score of in natura/minimally processed foods was generated (0-21 points). Sodas, sweets, instant noodles, and ultra-processed meat were used for the score of ultra-processed foods (0-21 points). Equality indicators were gender, maternal education, and socioeconomic level. Absolute difference, ratios, concentration index and slope index of inequality were calculated. Adolescents (n=101,689, 51% girls, 14.2 years) reported a mean score of 9.97 and 11.46 for ultra-processed foods and in natura/minimally processed foods, respectively. Absolute and relative differences between adolescents with the highest and lowest socioeconomic level, there were differences of 2.64 points and 33% for consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods; and 1.48 points and 15% for ultra-processed foods. Adolescents from higher socioeconomic level ate more in natura/minimally processed foods and ultra-processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gonçalves Galdino da Costa
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Jucemar Benedet
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Luis Eduardo Argenta Malheiros
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Emanuele Naiara Quadros
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Leandro F M Rezende
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
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Brazilian Children's Dietary Intake in Relation to Brazil's New Nutrition Guidelines: a Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:145-166. [PMID: 30927218 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This systematic review reports the latest scientific evidence, from cross-sectional and cohort studies, describing the dietary intake of children and adolescents from Brazil. The goal of the review was to describe intakes according to Brazil's new food classification system (NOVA) which classifies foods according to the degree of processing, i.e., unprocessed/minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed food, and ultra-processed food. Due to a paucity of data using the NOVA classification system, studies with other intake descriptors were included. RECENT FINDINGS Results using the NOVA system showed a somewhat high intake of (ultra-)processed items, than of minimally processed items. Studies using other methods of dietary assessment showed not only high intake of sources rich in fat, sugar, and sodium, most of them processed items (e.g., savory snacks and sweets) but also intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Overall, the literature was marred by inconsistencies and variation in study definitions and methods making it hard to make firm conclusions regarding the dietary intake of Brazilian children. The development of tools to evaluate the complexities of dietary intake is much needed. Such a tool needs to be accepted and adopted by numerous study groups, to describe dietary status among Brazilian children and devise the most effective, and to evaluate the success of nutrition education programs.
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Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Sidossis LS. Frequent sweet consumption associated with poor dietary habits and increased screen time in children and adolescents: Results from the National Action for Children’s Health program. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos D. Tambalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Labros S. Sidossis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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CARVALHO NAD, MARTINS KA, SOUSA LMD. Extra institutional food consumption and food preferences of full-time public school students. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the factors associated with the consumption of extra institutional foods and the food preferences of full-time students. Methods A cross-sectional study with students from full-time municipal schools in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, from 6 to 14 years of age, both sexes and without food restrictions. The per capita family income, maternal education, nutritional status, the consumption of extra institutional foods (meals not provided by the school) in each meal and their source, and foods with higher or lower preference in school eating habits were verified. Both a Chi-Square and a Linear Trend tests were used to analyze the data. Results Three hundred and fifty nine students participated, most of them aged between 6 and 10. More than one third consumed extra institutional foods (44.0%), with the highest frequency of consumption during the mid-morning snack (34.0%). These foods mainly originated from their own households (48.7%) and one of the main items consumed was carton juice. There was an association between adolescents and mothers with higher education levels and the consumption of these items during lunch, and between students who are non-overweight and their consumption in the afternoon snack. The preferred foods were chocolate milk and bread with butter/margarine, rice and beans, passion fruit juice, and bread with cheese/requeijão and less preferably: caramelized milk and salt biscuit, beans and beets, coconut porridge and bread with cheese. Conclusion There was a high frequency of extra institutional food consumption, associated to the age group, to a higher educational level of the mother and students who are non-overweight. Foods of higher and lower preference included dairy foods and beans.
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