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Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8858283. [PMID: 36685672 PMCID: PMC9859704 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8858283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of root canal system is of great significance to the success of endodontic treatment, where sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used irrigant in chemical preparation. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, which may vary according to several factors such as the microbiology of root canal infection and the concentration of the irrigant. It has been proposed that the effectiveness of NaOCl could be enhanced via several methods, including heating the irrigant, applying in conjunction with certain reagents, or activating by agitation techniques. Despite its antibacterial and tissue-dissolving capacities, NaOCl should be used with caution to avoid detrimental effect due to its cytotoxicity and negative effect on dentin properties. In this narrative review, we discussed the factors that affect the properties of NaOCl, the methods to improve its efficacy, and the side effects that might occur in clinical practice.
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Candida albicans Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Novel Endodontic Solvents. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungi isolated in endodontic infections. In this study, the ability of C. albicans biofilm to tolerate the novel solvent mixtures methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)/tetrachloroethylene (TCE) and MEK/orange oil (OOil) sequentially to the standard irrigation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) was evaluated. Methods: Biofilm cell cultures of C. albicans SC 5314 were treated sequentially with NaOCl and EDTA and exposed to MEK/TCE or MEK/OOil. The effect of the antimicrobial treatment was evaluated using the disk diffusion method for planktonic culture, and the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for biofilm cell culture. Results: C. albicans mature biofilm (24 h) was significantly reduced in biomass and cell viability after solvent mixtures’ exposure, compared with the previous NaOCl and EDTA treatments. MEK/OOil combination caused a total reduction of biofilm, while with MEK/TCE, there was a 3-log (CFU/cm2) reduction compared with the sequence NaOCl and EDTA, and a 4-log (CFU/cm2) reduction compared with the control. Conclusions: The additional exposure of a preformed 24 h C. albicans biofilm to novel solvent mixtures MEK/TCE and MEK/OOil caused a positive antibiofilm impact, overcoming the performance of the conventional endodontic irrigating protocol.
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Olszewska A, Hanć A. The potential of trace elements mapping in child's natal tooth by laser ablation-ICPMS method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:379-388. [PMID: 34150242 PMCID: PMC8172758 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth enamel might provide past chronological metabolic, nutritional status and trace metal exposure during development. Thus, the trace elements distribution embedded in tooth tissues represents an archive of the environmental conditions. The choice of biomarker is estimated as critical to the measurement of metal exposure. Natal teeth are defined as teeth being present at birth. METHODS LA-ICP-MS provides a quantitative assessment of spatial distribution of trace elements in a natal tooth. The objective of the current study was to compare concentrations of building and other elements in a rare but reliable and valid biomarker - natal tooth. RESULTS It have been reported presence of potentially toxic elements: Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni distributed in prenatally and perinatally formed enamel and dentine. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of deciduous enamel can provide answers into individuals' earliest development, including critical pre- and perinatal period. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00611-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Olszewska
- Department of Facial Malformation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Khoshroo K, Shah B, Johnson A, Baeten J, Barry K, Tahriri M, Ibrahim MS, Tayebi L. A new phantom to evaluate the tissue dissolution ability of endodontic irrigants and activating devices. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e45. [PMID: 33294410 PMCID: PMC7691255 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to introduce a gelatin/bovine serum albumin (BSA) tissue standard, which provides dissolution properties identical to those of biological tissues. Further, the study evaluated whether the utilization of endodontic activating devices led to enhanced phantom dissolution rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine pulp tissue was obtained to determine a benchmark of tissue dissolution. The surface area and mass of samples were held constant while the ratio of gelatin and BSA were varied, ranging from 7.5% to 10% gelatin and 5% BSA. Each sample was placed in an individual test tube that was filled with an appropriate sodium hypochlorite solution for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, and then removed from the solution, blotted dry, and weighed again. The remaining tissue was calculated as the percent of initial tissue to determine the tissue dissolution rate. A radiopaque agent (sodium diatrizoate) and a fluorescent dye (methylene blue) were added to the phantom to allow easy quantification of phantom dissolution in a canal block model when activated using ultrasonic (EndoUltra) or sonic (EndoActivator) energy. RESULTS The 9% gelatin + 5% BSA phantom showed statistically equivalent dissolution to bovine pulp tissue at all time intervals. Furthermore, the EndoUltra yielded significantly more phantom dissolution in the canal block than the EndoActivator or syringe irrigation. CONCLUSIONS Our phantom is comparable to biological tissue in terms of tissue dissolution and could be utilized for in vitro tests due to its injectability and detectability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Khoshroo
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brinda Shah
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed S. Ibrahim
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Guerreiro MYR, Belladonna FG, Monteiro LPB, Lima CO, Silva EJNL, Brandão JMS. The influence of the addition of surfactants to sodium hypochlorite on the removal of hard tissue debris. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1131-1139. [PMID: 32294253 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of the addition of surfactants to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the removal of accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD), before and after final irrigation with 17% EDTA, from mesial canals of mandibular molars through microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. METHODOLOGY Thirty moderately curved mandibular mesial roots with Vertucci type II canal configuration were selected and scanned in a micro-CT device at an isotropic resolution of 22.9 μm. The specimens were assigned to three groups (n = 10) with respect to the root length, degree of curvature of the mesial root, volume and 3D anatomy of the root canals according to the irrigating solution used during root canal preparation: 2.5% NaOCl and 0.1% Benzalkonium Chloride, 2.5% NaOCl and 0.1% Tween 80 and 2.5% NaOCl without additives. The root canals were instrumented up to Reciproc R25 instrument. Then, the specimens were scanned again after canal preparation and after final irrigation with 17% EDTA, and the registered data sets were examined to evaluate the percentage of AHTD. For comparison between the different groups before and after using 17% EDTA, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used with a significance level of 5%. For comparison between the same groups before and after using 17% EDTA, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS None of the irrigant solutions tested was able to completely eliminate hard tissue debris from mesial canals of mandibular molars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of AHTD amongst the different irrigation solutions (P > 0.05). Final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly reduced the percentage of AHTD (P < 0.05), without differences amongst the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of surfactants to NaOCl did not affect the removal of AHTD from mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars. Final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly improved AHTD removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y R Guerreiro
- Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - F G Belladonna
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - L P B Monteiro
- Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - C O Lima
- Department of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - J M S Brandão
- Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Dragan O, Tomuta I, Casoni D, Sarbu C, Campian R, Frentiu T. Influence of Mixed Additives on the Physicochemical Properties of a 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite Solution: An Unsupervised Multivariate Statistical Approach. J Endod 2017; 44:280-285.e3. [PMID: 29153984 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article reports for the first time the effects of multiple additives (polyethylene glycol 400, Triton X-100, benzalkonium chloride, and ethyl formate) on the surface tension, pH, and viscosity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigant solution. Advanced statistical approaches based on unsupervised multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) were used to quantify the variability of the physicochemical properties of the modified NaOCl solution for the first time in dentistry. METHODS Solutions of 5.25% NaOCl were modified with multiple additives in various concentrations, physicochemical parameters were measured at 22°C and 37°C, and the results were statistically analyzed to group the solutions and reveal the effects of additives. RESULTS Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that pH and surface tension were the significant parameters (P < .05) for grouping the modified solutions. Four principal components, accounting for 90.6% of the total variance, were associated with flow characteristics (37.3%) determined by polyethylene glycol; the wetting property (22.5% and 10.5%), which was dependent on cationic and nonionic surfactant; and the antimicrobial effect (20.3%) influenced by ethyl formate. Varimax rotation of the principal components showed that the cationic surfactant (benzalkonium chloride) had significantly decreased surface tension compared with the nonionic surfactant (Triton-X). Although ethyl formate was introduced as an odor modifier, it had a significant effect on pH decrease and the occurrence of effervescence with O2 and hypochlorous acid release. CONCLUSIONS The statistical results revealed that the 5.25% NaOCl irrigant solution should be modified with a mixture of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, 1% ethyl formate, and 7% polyethylene glycol for obtaining a low pH and low surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Dragan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Tomuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorina Casoni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Costel Sarbu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Niewierowski RS, Scalzilli LR, Morgental RD, Figueiredo JAPD, Vier-Pelisser FV, Borba MGD, Ghisi AC. Bovine Pulp Tissue Dissolution Ability of Irrigants Associated or Not to Ultrasonic Agitation. Braz Dent J 2017; 26:537-40. [PMID: 26647942 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue dissolution ability of different irrigating solutions associated or not to ultrasonic agitation. Ninety bovine pulp fragments (n=10 per group) were weighed and then placed individually in Eppendorf test tubes containing the following irrigants: G1- 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- 2.5% NaOCl + ultrasonic agitation (US); G3- 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% cetrimide (CTR); G4- 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% CTR + US; G5- 400 ppm Sterilox (SX); G6- SX + US; G7- 0.2% CTR; G8- 0.2% CTR + US; G9- saline solution. Two blinded observers assessed the samples continuously for the first 4 h, and then every hour for the next 12 h. Dissolution speed was calculated by dividing the initial pulp weight (mg) by the period of time until complete dissolution (min). Data were compared by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test with a 5% significance level. G1 to G4 dissolved pulp fragments completely and G2 was significantly faster than the other groups. G5 to G9 did not exhibit dissolving activity. In conclusion, only groups containing NaOCl were capable of pulp tissue dissolution, which was enhanced by ultrasonic agitation, but did not alter when 0.2% cetrimide was associated. This isolated solution and Sterilox showed no dissolving capacity, regardless the use of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Senger Niewierowski
- Clinical Department, Dental School, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luíza Rodrigues Scalzilli
- Clinical Department, Dental School, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Vieira Vier-Pelisser
- Clinical Department, Dental School, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maristela Gutierrez de Borba
- Clinical Department, Dental School, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Corrêa Ghisi
- Clinical Department, Dental School, PUCRS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Tartari T, Bachmann L, Maliza AGA, Andrade FB, Duarte MAH, Bramante CM. Tissue dissolution and modifications in dentin composition by different sodium hypochlorite concentrations. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:291-8. [PMID: 27383711 PMCID: PMC5022212 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the organic matter dissolution and changes in dentin chemical composition promoted by different concentrations of NaOCl over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fragments of bovine muscle tissue were weighed before and after 5, 10, and 15 min of immersion in the groups (n=10): G1- 0.9% saline solution; G2- 1% NaOCl; G3- 2.5% NaOCl; and G4- 5% NaOCl. Bovine dentin fragments were subjected to the same irrigants and absorption spectra were collected by Attenuated Total Reflectance of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) before and after 0,5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10 min of immersion in the solutions. The ratios of the amide III/phosphate and carbonate/phosphate absorption bands were determined. The tissue dissolution and carbonate/phosphate ratios were submitted to the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's multiple-comparison test (α<0.05) and to the one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's (α<0.05). The amide III/phosphate ratio was analyzed by Friedman test (α<0.05) and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc (α<0.05). RESULTS The increase in NaOCl concentration and contact time intensified the dissolution of organic matter and dentin collagen with reduction in the amide III/phosphate ratio. Significant differences between all groups (p<0.05) were observed in the dissolution of organic matter at 10 min and in the amide III/phosphate ratio between the saline solution and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. The carbonate/phosphate ratio decreased significantly in G2, G3, and G4 after 0,5 min of immersion (p<0.05), but more alterations did not occur in the subsequent periods (p>0.05). Intergroup differences were not observed in this ratio (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increase in the exposure time and in the concentration of NaOCl solution lead to an increase in the tissue dissolution and dentin collagen deproteination. Furthermore, some carbonate ions are removed from the dentin inorganic phase by the NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Tartari
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Bachmann
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Física, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Amanda Garcia Alves Maliza
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda Andrade
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Clovis Monteiro Bramante
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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DE Oliveira BP, Aguiar CM, Câmara AC, DE Albuquerque MM, Correia ACRDEB, Soares MFDELAR. Evaluation of Microbial Reduction in Root Canals Instrumented with Reciprocating and Rotary Systems. Acta Stomatol Croat 2016; 49:294-303. [PMID: 27688413 DOI: 10.15644/asc49/4/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the disinfection of root canal systems carried out with Reciproc(TM) and ProTaper Universal(TM) systems using 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS Forty human single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and twenty were not infected. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10): Group 1: ProTaper Universal(TM) + 1% NaOCl; Group 2 (positive control): ProTaper Universal(TM) + saline; Group 3 (negative control without microorganisms): ProTaper Universal(TM) + saline; Group 4: Reciproc(TM) + 1% NaOCl; Group 5 (positive control): Reciproc(TM) + saline; Group 6 (negative control without microorganisms): Reciproc(TM) + saline. Samples were collected before and after the completion of specific treatments, and plated in specific media cultures. The Fisher exact test was used for the statistical analysis of differences in terms of presence or absence of microbial growth among groups. For all tested pathogens, significant differences (p < 0.001) were verified between the instrumentation systems used. RESULTS ProTaper Universal(TM) associated with 1% NaOCl completely eliminated all microorganisms. Microbial growth, however, was observed when Reciproc(TM) was used associated with 1% NaOCl. CONCLUSION According to the protocol executed for this study, the Reciproc(TM) system associated with 1% NaOCl was not able to completely eliminate E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans from the root canal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paloma DE Oliveira
- - Department of Prosthetics and Oral and Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos Menezes Aguiar
- - Department of Prosthetics and Oral and Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cruz Câmara
- - Department of Prosthetics and Oral and Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Miracy Muniz DE Albuquerque
- - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Felts DE LA Roca Soares
- - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Leonardo NGES, Carlotto IB, Luisi SB, Kopper PMP, Grecca FS, Montagner F. Calcium Hypochlorite Solutions: Evaluation of Surface Tension and Effect of Different Storage Conditions and Time Periods over pH and Available Chlorine Content. J Endod 2016; 42:641-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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PITOME AW, CRUZ ATG, HECK AR, FARIA MIA, ARAGÃO EMD. Avaliação da capacidade de dissolução de tecido pulpar bovino pelo hipoclorito de sódio em diferentes concentrações. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ResumoIntroduçãoO hipoclorito de sódio é a substância química auxiliar do tratamento endodôntico mais utilizada devido à sua ação antimicrobiana e à sua capacidade de dissolver matéria orgânica.ObjetivoO objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a velocidade de dissolução de fragmentos de tecido pulpar bovino em diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio.Material e métodoFragmentos de tecido pulpar bovino, com peso determinado, foram imersos em 20 mL de hipoclorito de sódio, em frascos de Becker colocados em uma incubadora/agitadora. Foram testadas as concentrações de 1%, 2,5% e 5%, com pH 11, a 36°C. As amostras foram avaliadas visualmente durante a agitação, com auxílio de lupa, até sua completa dissolução. A velocidade de dissolução de cada fragmento foi determinada em miligramas por minuto e a velocidade média de cada grupo, analisada pelos métodos estatísticos de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn's Multiple.ResultadoHouve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a concentração de 1%, que apresentou a menor velocidade, e as demais.ConclusãoA velocidade de dissolução do hipoclorito de sódio, nas concentrações testadas, se torna mais rápida com o aumento da concentração.
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Arslan D, Guneser MB, Kustarci A, Er K, Siso SH. Pulp tissue dissolution capacity of QMix 2in1 irrigation solution. Eur J Dent 2015; 9:423-427. [PMID: 26430374 PMCID: PMC4569997 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.163229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue dissolution efficacy of four root canal irrigation solutions (sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], chlorhexidine gluconate [CHX], Octenidine [OCT], and QMix 2in1) on bovine pulp tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty bovine pulp tissue samples, each weighing 6.55 mg, were prepared and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 10) according to the dissolution irrigants used: (1) 5.25% NaOCl group; (2) 2% CHX group; (3) OCT group; (4) QMix 2in1 group; and (5) control group (saline solution). These samples were then placed into special bovine dentin reservoir models and immersed for 1 h with each test solution (0.1 mL of each) at room temperature. The pulp samples were then blotted dry and weighed again. The percentage of weight loss was calculated. Statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS Saline solution did not dissolve the bovine pulp tissue. All groups, except OCT, dissolved pulp samples more effectively than the control group (P < 0.05). The highest tissue dissolution was observed in 5.25% NaOCl group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the tissue-dissolving effect between QMix 2in1 and those of 2% CHX. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, NaOCl exhibited the best tissue-dissolving effect out of all solutions tested. CHX and QMix 2in1 were able to dissolve pulp tissue but less than NaOCl. OCT and saline solutions could not exhibit significantly tissue-dissolving effectiveness. This study shown that QMix 2in1 has little capacity to dissolve pulp tissue therefore used alone is not sufficient for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | | | - Alper Kustarci
- Department of Endodontics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkiye
| | - Kursat Er
- Department of Endodontics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkiye
| | - Seyda Herguner Siso
- Depatment of Restorative Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Giardino L, Estrela C, Generali L, Mohammadi Z, Asgary S. The in vitro Effect of Irrigants with Low Surface Tension on Enterococcus faecalis. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2015; 10:174-8. [PMID: 26229541 PMCID: PMC4509125 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system and high surface tension of common root canal irrigants (RCI), conducting an investigation on RCIs containing surfactants is a priority. The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the antibacterial potential of RCI with low surface tension in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Methods and Materials: Thirty-five extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 60 days. After root canal preparation, the teeth were randomly divided to one positive and one negative control groups and 5 experimental groups: Hypoclean/Tetraclean NA, Hypoclean, Tetraclean, NaOCl/Tetraclean and NaOCl. Bacterial growth was observed by turbidity of culture medium and then measured using a UV spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed in three time intervals (pre-instrumentation and, 20 min and 72 h after canal preparation) using the ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The results indicated the presence of E. faecalis in all post-irrigation samples irrespective of the RCI. However, the optical densities in both post-irrigation periods showed bacterial reduction and significant differences between groups. Conclusion: RCI with low surface tension showed antibacterial potential in E. faecalis infected roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Department of Stomatological Sciences, Dental School, UFG-Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luigi Generali
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (ICER), Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (ICER), Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bolfoni MR, Ferla MDS, Sposito ODS, Giardino L, Jacinto RDC, Pappen FG. Effect of a Surfactant on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:416-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with a surfactant. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days (37 °C). The groups were distributed according to the irrigation solution used during root canal preparation: 5%, 2.5% and 1% NaOCl; 5%, 2.5% and 1% Hypoclean(r), a solution containing a surfactant (cetrimide) associated with NaOCl. Three microbiological samples were collected from each tooth: S1 - before instrumentation; S2 - immediately after instrumentation; and S3 - after a seven-day period. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. The results showed that immediately after root canal preparation (S2), E. faecalis was eliminated in all the experimental groups. However, after 7 days (S3), only the groups in which Hypoclean was used, remained contamination-free, including Hypoclean associated with 1% NaOCl, while the root canals irrigated with 1% NaOCl only, presented the highest percentage of bacterial growth. In conclusion, the addition of surfactant increased the antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl to levels similar to 5% NaOCl.
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