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Gonçalves M, Moraes L, Maia ÂC. HIV Diagnosis in the Context of Stable Relationships: A Qualitative Study With Women Living in Portugal. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2024; 35:189-200. [PMID: 38949901 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the acceptance of HIV diagnosis of women in stable relationships. Based on eight semistructured interviews with cisgender Portuguese women, thematic analysis identified four interrelated themes that illustrated the emotional and psychosocial dynamics involved in this journey. Following an HIV diagnosis, participants grappled with complex emotions, societal perceptions, and the internalization of stigma. Marital relationships underwent profound changes, with trust breakdown and emotional distancing. Coping mechanisms ranged from seeking support to living in secrecy, which impacted psychological well-being. Acceptance of HIV diagnosis is influenced by self-stigmatization, societal perceptions of HIV, and gender dynamics. The findings contribute to the development of tailored interventions, emphasizing the interconnected nature of physical and psychological well-being in the diagnosis acceptance process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gonçalves
- Mariana Gonçalves, PhD, is an Auxiliary Researcher, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Laís Moraes, Master in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. Ângela Maia, PhD, is an Associate Professor with Habilitation at School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Daltro ACB, Almeida CS, Unfried AGC, de Aquino TR, Travassos AGÁ. Virological failure and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adolescents and young adults living with human immunodeficiency virus. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:162-174. [PMID: 36647818 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection remains a major public health challenge. Infected young people at any age are less likely to adhere to care in a timely manner and to maintain a suppressed VL. This review aims to identify factors associated with virologic failure and adherence to drug therapy in adolescents and young adults (10-24 years) living with HIV. METHODS Systematic review using the PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases and including articles published between 2009 and 2021. Data were analysed in six categories: individual factors, pharmacological/therapy-related aspects, factors related to HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, HIV/AIDS stigma, social support and health system/services. The study's protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42020167581). RESULTS A total of 19,819 articles were found in the initial search and 31 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies were carried out on the African continent. Male sex, alcohol use, low education, adverse effects of medication, lack of social support, stigma related to HIV/AIDS, need for transportation to access the health service and forgetfulness were linked to poor adherence to therapy. Good adherence was achieved with sufficient nutrition, good social support, greater confidence in the use of therapy and fewer ART side effects. Low levels of CD4, alcohol use, substance abuse, low education, non-adherence to medication and forgetfulness were linked to virological failure. CONCLUSION Individual, social and structural factors constitute barriers to adherence to ART among adolescent and young adults. It is necessary to know the difficulties related to the use of therapy to work out specific strategies that create conditions to improve medication adherence and viral suppression, reducing the levels of virological failure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Santos Almeida
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Rocha de Aquino
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Fava LMG, Guedes ALDL, Ribeiro LC, Pinto CPG, Souza E Guimarães RJDP, Nogueira MC, Alves MJM, Silva MR. Double screening for syphilis and HIV in pregnant women in a priority municipality for the elimination of vertical transmission in Brazil: incidence, risk factors and spatial analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2022; 117:336-348. [PMID: 36510849 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) recommends double screening (DS) for syphilis and HIV during the first and third trimesters of antenatal care (ANC) to mitigate vertical transmission. We surveyed DS outcomes and their associated factors in a priority Brazilian municipality with >100 000 inhabitants who face challenges for both health problems. METHODS A total of 399 women were followed up throughout pregnancy using medical records. Spatial and multinomial logistic analyses were performed. RESULTS There was an incidence rate of 24.8%, 59.4% and 15.8% for 'full DS', 'partial DS' and 'without DS', respectively. Younger women and those with a history of both prematurity and multiparity were less likely to be in the 'full DS' category. There was an overlap of high-density clusters of 'full DS' and 'ANC in better quality basic health units', adherent to both the Family Health Strategy and the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care. CONCLUSIONS The poor DS outcomes presented in 75% of the cases were mostly linked to delays in starting ANC appointments or their discontinuity. Thus, the MoH recommendations, accompanied by ongoing training, technical assistance and the periodic evaluation of their implementation, need to effectively reach providers and promote counseling and awareness about the importance of DS for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Cláudio Ribeiro
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36.036-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mário Círio Nogueira
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36.036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Roberto Silva
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36.036-900, Brazil.,Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36.038-330, Brazil
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Cunha APD, Cruz MMD, Pedroso M. Analysis of the trend of mortality from HIV/AIDS according to sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil, 2000 to 2018. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:895-908. [PMID: 35293467 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022273.00432021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation analyzed the trend of HIV/AIDS mortality by sociodemographic characteristics in the Brazilian states from 2000 to 2018. This is an ecological study of time-series of standardized rates of mortality from AIDS overall, by gender, age group, marital status, and ethnicity/skin color, employing the Prais-Winsten generalized linear model. The results showed that the states with the highest rates were Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina. The trend was increasing in the North and Northeast. Men had higher rates than women and the general population. The most advanced age groups showed a growing trend. The analysis by marital status showed higher and growing rates among the unmarried. Blacks had higher rates, except for Paraná, with a mainly increasing trend. Mortality due to HIV/AIDS had different trends by sociodemographic characteristics, with a need for preventive and care actions for men, adults, older adults, unmarried, and black people due to the change in the mortality profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula da Cunha
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Marly Marques da Cruz
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1.480, Manguinhos. 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Marcel Pedroso
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
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Teshale AB, Yeshaw Y, Alem AZ, Ayalew HG, Liyew AM, Tessema ZT, Tesema GA, Worku MG, Alamneh TS. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis using the most recent demographic and health survey of each country. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35130865 PMCID: PMC8822699 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan African (SSA) share the greatest burden of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV is seen as pivotal in combating the epidemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa.
Objective To examine comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We used the most recent SSA countries Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data. To assess comprehensive knowledge, a composite score of six separate questions (can get HIV by witchcraft or supernatural means, can reduce risk of getting HIV by using condoms during sex, reduce the risk of getting HIV by having one sex partner only, can get HIV from mosquito bites, can get HIV by sharing food with a person who has HIV/AIDS, and a healthy-looking person can have HIV) was used. Those who answered all six questions correctly were considered to have comprehensive knowledge. To assess the factors associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS, we used a multilevel binary logistic regression model since the data had hierarchical nature. Results In this study, the comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS was 38.56% (95% CI: 38.32, 38.75). Both individual and community-level factors were associated with comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Among individual-level factors, older age, having primary and above educational level, being from wealthy households, contraceptive use, listening to the radio, and reading newspaper were associated with higher odds of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Being from urban areas and the Eastern African region were the community-level factors that were associated with higher odds of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Conclusion The study found that comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS is low. Individual and community-level factors were associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, giving special attention to those young women, women who had no formal education, those from poor socioeconomic status, and those who are from remote areas could decrease the epidemics of HIV/AIDS by increasing the comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Besides, it is better to strengthen media campaigns regarding HIV/AIDS to increase comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adugnaw Zeleke Alem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwotie Getaneh Ayalew
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Gebrie Worku
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Costa VDSD, Silva WRDF, Fernandes EV, Berretta OCP, Takanashi SYL, Gouvêa-e-Silva LF. AIDS in the meeting of the Tapajós and Amazon rivers: deaths in the period 2010-2018 in Santarém, Pará, Brazil. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2019169.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The city of Santarém, the regional healthcare center in the western Pará State, lacks studies on the epidemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in particular, on the causes of death. Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile related to the evolution of HIV infection to death. Methods: The sample consisted of 94 medical records of patients from a reference center in the city of Santarém-PA, who died between 2010-2018. Data were collected on the sociodemographic profile, immunological and clinical characteristics of the patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p<0.05. Results: Most deaths were male (67%), aged between 15-29 years (39%) and diagnosed between 30-44 years (41%), single (54%), mixed race (91.5%), from Santarém (77%) and with sexual intercourse being the main type of exposure (95.7%). Most patients were not being treated at the moment of death (56.4%), the main cause of death was respiratory failure (5%), in which, these individuals had, at the moment of death, TCD4+ lymphocytes <200 cell/mm3 (26%) and detectable viral load (29%). Conclusion: The lifetime from diagnosis to death was 48.45±50,30 months, and immunosuppression in the diagnosis was positively associated with the shortest survival time. However, sex was not associated with the immunological profile, age at the time of diagnosis, and death. There was only a tendency for women towards immunosuppression and detectable viral load.
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Patrício ACFDA, Silva IBDN, Ferreira MAM, Rodrigues BFL, Silva RFD, Nascimento JAD, Silva RARD. Depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope of people with HIV. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 72:1288-1294. [PMID: 31531653 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze conditions of depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope in people with HIV/AIDS. METHOD Cross-sectional survey of 108 individuals living with HIV/AIDS, carried out in a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases in Northeast Brazil. The following instruments were employed: sociodemographic data, and questionnaires for ascertaining participants' emotions, including scales for self-concept, hope, depression (HAMD-D), and future expectations. Descriptive statistics using the following tests were performed: Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and t-test-considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS 31.5% presented mild depression and 21.3% presented moderate depression; 63% reported difficulty in obtaining decent employment; 52.8% considered life a failure; 52.8% felt worthless. Fear, guilt and loneliness influenced self-concept (p ≤ 0.05). Loneliness influenced hope (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION It is necessary to raise the attention of nursing professionals and healthcare managers to the importance of providing health services that consider the mental health of people with HIV/AIDS, contributing to treatment adherence and well-being.
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França ISXD, Coura AS, Sousa FSD, Aragão JDS, Silva AFR, Santos SRD. Acquiring of knowledge about sexual health by blind people: an action research. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2019; 27:e3163. [PMID: 31340347 PMCID: PMC6687357 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3006.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate knowledge about sexual health, with blind people, before and
after educational intervention. Method: action research conducted with 58 blind people enrolled in a philanthropic
educational institution. A form with sociodemographic and knowledge
variables about Sexually Transmitted Infections was used. The Chi-square and
Fisher tests were performed. Results: men presented higher frequency of alcoholism (p <0.001) and illicit drugs
(p = 0.006). It was found that they used a male condom more frequently than
women using a female condom (p = 0.003), although they had more knowledge
about the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (p = 0.006). Among
these infections, Trichomonas vaginalis (52.4%) was more frequent. Knowledge
gaps on risk factors and safe sex were identified. After the intervention,
an increase in the knowledge about sexual health was detected. Conclusion: the educational intervention, in the light of problematizing pedagogy, (re)
constructed the knowledge on sexual health, empowering the participants
regarding the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Therefore, it
is necessary that nurses carry out educational interventions with this
clientele, aiming to soften deficits of knowledge about the thematic in
screen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jamilly da Silva Aragão
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Bolsista da Fundação de Amparo a Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), Brasil
| | - Arthur Felipe Rodrigues Silva
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brasil
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Pereira AC, Bradbury F, Rossetti ES, Hortense P. Assessment of pain and associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2019; 27:e3155. [PMID: 31340343 PMCID: PMC6687362 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2803.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate pain in people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and to relate it to sociodemographic and clinical factors, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. METHOD descriptive, analytical, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study. Three hundred and two (302) people assisted at a specialized care service participated in the study. Instruments were used to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical data, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Descriptive, bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used. RESULTS the incidence of pain of mild intensity was 59.27%, recurrent in the head, with interference in mood, mostly affecting females and individuals with no schooling/low schooling. Women were more likely to have moderate or severe pain. People aged 49 to 59 years had greater pain intensity than people aged 18 to 29 years. The variables depressive symptoms and pain were directly proportional. The higher the health-related quality of life and schooling, the lower was the possibility of presence of pain. CONCLUSION presence of pain is of concern and has association with female sex, lack of schooling/low schooling, worse level of health-related quality of life and presence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Bradbury
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
- Bolsista da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brasil
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Pamplona MCDCA, Chaves EC, Carvalho AC, Pamplona RDCA, Vallinoto ACR, Queiroz MAF, Lima SS, Ishak R. Influence of exposure and vertical transmission of HIV-1 on the neuropsychomotor development in children. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180263. [PMID: 30652795 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0263-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 during pregnancy is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental delay and deleterious effects in children. However, limited information about these conditions exists in poor geographical areas in Brazil. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 is dealt differently in different regions of the country and in poorer areas it is more difficult to evaluate the impact of the prevention methods. The outcomes of the exposure to HIV-1 and the impact of vertical HIV-1 transmission on neuropsychomotor development was evaluated for the first time in children born to HIV-infected mothers in the North region of Brazil, where the majority of the population has poor access to health services. METHODS Sixty children born to HIV-1-infected mothers (case group) and 58 born to non-infected mothers (control group) were followed for the first 12 months of life in a prospective case-control study. Neuropsychomotor development was assessed using the Denver II test. RESULTS Suspected neuropsychomotor developmental delays were more frequent in the case group (33.3%), namely in language (38.9%) and gross motor skills (27.8%). These delays were reversed in most children after 12 months of life due to therapeutic intervention. The delays were not reversed in three children, all of whom belonged to the case group. Only one of these was infected with HIV-1, and this child had the poorest neuropsychomotor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal HIV-1 infection negatively affected the neuropsychomotor development in children, although other factors may have played a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Custódia do Couto Abreu Pamplona
- Departamento de Enfermagem Comunitária, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes infecciosos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Emanuele Cordeiro Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Alôma Cecília Carvalho
- Departamento de Enfermagem Comunitária, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes infecciosos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes infecciosos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes infecciosos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes infecciosos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Sousa CSPD, Castro RCMB, Pinheiro AKB, Moura ERF, Almeida PC, Aquino PDS. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Condom Self-Efficacy Scale: application to Brazilian adolescents and young adults. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 25:e2991. [PMID: 29319748 PMCID: PMC5768214 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.1062.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: translate and adapt the Condom Self-Efficacy Scale to Portuguese in the Brazilian
context. The scale originated in the United States and measures self-efficacy in
condom use. Method: methodological study in two phases: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and
verification of psychometric properties. The translation and adaptation process
involved four translators, one mediator of the synthesis and five health
professionals. The content validity was verified using the Content Validation
Index, based on 22 experts’ judgments. Forty subjects participated in the pretest,
who contributed to the understanding of the scale items. The scale was applied to
209 students between 13 and 26 years of age from a school affiliated with the
state-owned educational network. The reliability was analyzed by means of
Cronbach’s alpha. Results: the Portuguese version of the scale obtained a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of
0.85 and the total mean score was 68.1 points. A statistically significant
relation was found between the total scale and the variables not having children
(p= 0.038), condom use (p= 0.008) and condom use with fixed partner (p=0.036).
Conclusion: the Brazilian version of the Condom Self-Efficacy Scale is a valid and reliable
tool to verify the self-efficacy in condom use among adolescents and young
adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo César Almeida
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza Aquino
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Saffier IP, Kawa H, Harling G. A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:675. [PMID: 29020929 PMCID: PMC5637257 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite young people being a key population for HIV prevention, the HIV epidemic amongst young Brazilians is perceived to be growing. We therefore reviewed all published literature on HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst 10-25 year olds in Brazil. Methods We searched Embase, LILACS, Proquest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published up to March 2017 and analyzed reference lists of relevant studies. We included published studies from any time in the HIV epidemic which provided estimates specific to ages 10-25 (or some subset of this age range) for Brazilians on either: (a) HIV prevalence or incidence; or (b) the association between HIV and socio-demographic or behavioral risk factors. Results Forty eight publications met the inclusion criteria: 44 cross-sectional, two case-control, two cohort. Four studies analysed national data. Forty seven studies provided HIV prevalence estimates, largely for six population subgroups: Counselling and Testing Center attendees; blood donors; pregnant women; institutional individuals; men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW); four provided HIV incidence estimates. Twelve studies showed HIV status to be associated with a wide range of risk factors, including age, sexual and reproductive history, infection history, substance use, geography, marital status, mental health and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Few published studies have examined HIV amongst young people in Brazil, and those published have been largely cross-sectional and focused on traditional risk groups and the south of the country. Despite these limitations, the literature shows raised HIV prevalence amongst MSM and FSW, as well as amongst those using drugs. Time trends are harder to identify, although rates appear to be falling for pregnant women, possibly reversing an earlier de-masculinization of the epidemic. Improved surveillance of HIV incidence, prevalence and risk factors is a key component of efforts to eliminate HIV in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélia Kawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Guy Harling
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK. .,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
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Góis ARDS, Oliveira DCD, Costa SFGD, Oliveira RCD, Abrão FMDS. Representações sociais de profissionais da saúde sobre as pessoas vivendo com hiv/aids1. AVANCES EN ENFERMERÍA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v35n2.59636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Silva RARD, Castro RR, Pereira IRBDO, Oliveira SSD. Questionário para avaliação das ações de controle do HIV/Aids na Atenção Básica. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201700041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo de um questionário para a avaliação da atenção ofertada pelos profissionais de saúde para o controle da epidemia do HIV/Aids na atenção básica. Métodos Estudo metodológico realizado a partir da construção de questionário por meio de uma revisão integrativa, com posterior validação por juízes, utilizando-se a técnica Delphi em duas rodadas. Os dados foram analisados tomando o nível de consenso das respostas, associado ao índice Kappa. Os critérios para a permanência das questões foram: porcentagem de concordância ≤ 75% e Kappa ≤ 0,41. Resultados Na primeira rodada, 16 questões foram eliminadas, 05 questões sofreram mudanças para atender à solicitação dos especialistas quanto aos critérios de vocabulário, abrangência ao tema e clareza e Na segunda rodada, as 31 questões foram consideradas adequadas. Conclusão O questionário, inédito tanto no âmbito nacional quanto no internacional, encontra-se validado em relação ao seu conteúdo, após cuidadosa revisão de suas questões.
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Soares GB, Garbin CAS, Rovida TAS, Garbin AJÍ. Quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS treated by the specialized service in Vitória-ES, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 20:1075-84. [PMID: 25923619 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015204.00522014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish the factors that influence the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS being treated at a specialized public service. The participants answered the questionnaire on sociodemographic conditions, issues related to HIV and daily habits. The quality of life was analyzed using the HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument with 42 items divided into 9 fields: General Activity, Sexual Activity, Confidentiality Concerns, Health Concerns, Financial Concerns, HIV Awareness, Satisfaction with Life, Issues related to Medication and Trust in the Physician. Bivariate and multiple linear regressions were performed. Of the participants, 53.1% were women and had a mean age of 42 years. In analyzing the quality of life, the HAT-QoL domain with the lowest average was Financial Concerns (39.4), followed by Confidentiality Concerns (43.2), Sexual Activity (55.2) and Health Concerns (62. 88). There was an association between the variables: not being gainfully employed (p < 0.001), being mulatto or black (p = 0.045) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.041) with the worst quality of life scores. Inadequate socioeconomic and health conditions had a negative impact on the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Barreto Soares
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil,
| | - Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil,
| | - Tânia Adas Saliba Rovida
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil,
| | - Artênio José Ísper Garbin
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil,
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