Risk factors involved in adolescent obesity: an integrative review

Personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI: a prospective cohort study

We assess the associations between personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. We employed a nationally representative cohort in China from 2010 to 2020 year. We included adolescents aged 10-19 years without depressive symptoms and unhealthy weight status (obesity, overweight, or thinness) at baseline and excluded those without any measurement of depressive symptoms or BMI at follow-ups. We assessed baseline personality traits in 7 dimensions of conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, self-esteem, and responsibility. We also assessed the combined effects of these 7 dimensions of personality traits by generating individual-level personality trait risk scores based on the weighted sum of all these 7 dimensions of personality traits. We measured the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI using both a single measurement of depressive symptoms and BMI at the last follow-up and repeated measurements of them over 10 years. We used the multinomial logistic regression models to examine the exposure-outcome associations. At baseline, we included 1778 individuals (mean age: 14.4 year; female: 853 (48.0%)). At follow-ups, we observed increased risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in neuroticism score (1.95-2.38 odds ratio) or 1-SD decrease in self-esteem and conscientiousness (0.63-0.80 odds ratio; all P values < 0.05); we observed no evidence of associations between openness, agreeableness, extraversion, or responsibility and the risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI (all P values > 0.05). For the combined effects of the 7 dimensions of personality traits, we found an elevated risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in the personality trait risk scores (OR (95% CI), single measurement at the last follow-up: 2.01, 1.66 to 2.43; trajectory classification using the repeated measurements 2.30, 1.55 to 3.42; average level using the repeated measurements: 2.27, 1.93 to 2.67). In this national cohort in China, personality traits were found to be associated with the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of stratifying individuals based on their personality traits and providing targeted interventions for those at risk of comorbid depression and obesity.

Mid-range theory of the nursing diagnosis Overweight

OBJECTIVE

To build a mid-range theory for the nursing diagnosis Overweight in adolescents and young adults.

METHODS

A methodological study in the light of the theoretical frameworks of Roy and of Lopes, Silva and Herdman. A total of 3,925 articles were retrieved and assessed using the State of the Art Through Systematic Review software. The final sample consisted of 28 articles.

RESULTS

The findings converged to 3 essential attributes, 13 antecedents, and 7 consequences. A mid-range theory was built consisting of an illustrated diagram, 11 propositions, and 12 causal relationships.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

From the creation of the theory, it was possible to better understand the nursing diagnosis Overweight within the context of adolescents and young adults. Understanding nursing phenomena contributes to nursing science's advancement and strengthening.

Prediction of adolescent weight status by machine learning: a population-based study

BACKGROUND

Adolescent weight problems have become a growing public health concern, making early prediction of non-normal weight status crucial for effective prevention. However, few temporal prediction tools for adolescent four weight status have been developed. This study aimed to predict the short- and long-term weight status of Hong Kong adolescents and assess the importance of predictors.

METHODS

A population-based retrospective cohort study of adolescents was conducted using data from a territory-wide voluntary annual health assessment service provided by the Department of Health in Hong Kong. Using diet habits, physical activity, psychological well-being, and demographics, we generated six prediction models for successive weight status (normal, overweight, obese and underweight) using multiclass Decision Tree, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor, eXtreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated by multiple standard classifier metrics and the overall accuracy. Predictors' importance was assessed using Shapley values.

RESULTS

442,898 Primary 4 (P4, Grade 4 in the US) and 344,186 in Primary 6 (P6, Grade 6 in the US) students, with followed up until their Secondary 6 (Grade 12 in the US) during the academic years 1995/96 to 2014/15 were included. The XG Boosts model consistently outperformed all other model in predicting the long-term weight status at S6 from P4 or P6. It achieved an overall accuracy of 0.72 or 0.74, a micro-averaging AUC of 0.92 or 0.93, and a macro-averaging AUC of 0.83 or 0.86, respectively. XG Boost also demonstrated accurate predictions for each predicted weight status, surpassing the AUC values obtained by other models. Weight, height, sex, age, frequency and hours of aerobic exercise were consistently the most important predictors for both cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

The machine learning approaches accurately predict adolescent weight status in both short- and long-term. The developed multiclass model that utilizing easy-assessed variables enables accurate long-term prediction on weight status, which can be used by adolescents and parents for self-prediction when applied in health care system. The interpretable models may help to provide the early and individualized interventions suggestions for adolescents with weight problems particularly.

[Health impact of the community intervention programme "Health education in adolescence"]

OBJECTIVE

To measure the impact of the community health programme "Education for health in adolescence" carried out in the Parquesol neighborhood, Valladolid (Spain), during the years 2015-2019.

METHOD

Community-based quasi-experimental pre- and post-test analytical intervention trial with control group. A total of 407 adolescent surveys were collected. The CHIP-AE test validated for Spain was used. Pre- and post-test results were analyzed and compared with the control group.

RESULTS

Improvements were found in the female intervention group compared to the control group in the variables resilience (3.68 vs. 3.41; p <0.01), health and safety at home (4.30 vs. 4.00; p <0.01), physical activities (3.16 vs. 2.60; p <0.01) and self-esteem (3.17 vs. 2.79; p <0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The community intervention carried out improves the health profile of adolescents. The baseline perception of health presents differences by gender, with higher scores in males. Post-intervention improvement is substantial in females in resilience, physical activities and health and safety at home. In addition, the worsening due to the passage of time described in previous studies is corrected in the variables self-esteem, satisfaction and well-being.

[Temporal variation in the incidence of overweight and abdominal obesity among adolescents in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil]

The scope of this study was to analyze the temporal variation in the incidence of overweight and abdominal obesity among adolescents from public schools in a capital in northeastern Brazil. It is a study including information from three cross-sectional surveys carried out in 2001, 2009 and 2017, with 2,496 students aged 10 to 18 years of both sexes living in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Overweight was assessed using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) and abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression, with constant effect, was used to assess the variation of anthropometric indicators over the period. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of overweight increased by 103% and the indicators of abdominal obesity increased by 153% and 142%, respectively, in the period under analysis. The increase in the mean body mass index and waist-to-height ratio was greater among adolescents and in the mean BMI and waist circumference among those aged 14 to 18 years old. The conclusion reached was that there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in the period 2001 to 2017 among adolescents in the city of Salvador.

Control del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes por enfermeras: un estudio de métodos mixtos

Resumen Objetivo: analizar el manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes por las enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). Método: se trata de un estudio de método mixto paralelo convergente, desarrollado en Centros de Salud (UBS) de un municipio del nordeste de Brasil En la etapa cuantitativa, los datos fueron recolectados a partir de un cuestionario aplicado a 98 enfermeras y evaluados mediante estadística descriptiva. Para la etapa cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con siete enfermeras, interpretadas por análisis temático inductivo. Se combinaron los resultados cuantitativos y cualitativos y se mostraron a través de joint display. Resultados: la mayoría de los enfermeros raramente verificaba el perímetro de cintura (77,6%), la dislipidemia (55,7%), la glucemia (42,3%) y tampoco evaluaba la presión arterial (75,3%). En los resultados cualitativos se identificó que hay enfermeras que no clasificaban el índice de masa corporal según sexo y edad. En cuanto a la solicitación de pruebas, las peticiones se trataban principalmente sobre la rutina asociada a la puericultura. Las orientaciones con respecto a la actividad física y nutrición se efectuaban de forma básica o eran asignadas a otros profesionales, y también no se hizo un seguimiento cuando fueron direccionados a otros servicios o profesionales. Conclusión: existen deficiencias en el conocimiento y la práctica de las enfermeras de atención primaria en el control del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes. Es imperativo capacitar a los enfermeros para el manejo del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la atención primaria de niños y adolescentes, con miras a la calidad de la atención para la prevención de comorbilidades.

Management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents by nurses: a mixed-method study

Abstract Objective: to analyze the management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents by nurses of the Family Health Strategy. Method: this is a study of convergent parallel mixed methods, developed in Health Centers of a municipality in northeastern Brazil. In the quantitative stage, data were collected from a questionnaire applied to 98 nurses and analyzed by descriptive statistics. For the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven nurses, interpreted by inductive thematic analysis. The quantitative and qualitative results were integrated and presented by a joint display. Results: most nurses rarely checked waist circumference (77.6%), dyslipidemia (55.7%), blood glucose (42.3%), and neither evaluated blood pressure (75.3%). In the qualitative results, we identified that there are nurses who did not classify body mass index according to sex and age. As for medical tests, the requests were mainly related to the routine of childcare. Guidance on physical activity and diet were given in a basic way or attributed to other professionals, and referrals to other services or professionals were not followed up. Conclusion: it is imperative to train nurses for the management of overweight and obesity in primary care for children and adolescents, with a view to quality of care for the prevention of comorbidities.

Manejo do sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes por enfermeiras: estudo de métodos mistos

Resumo Objetivo: analisar o manejo do sobrepeso e da obesidade de crianças e adolescentes por enfermeiras da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: estudo de método misto paralelo convergente, desenvolvido em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, de um município do nordeste brasileiro. Na etapa quantitativa, os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário aplicado a 98 enfermeiras e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Para a etapa qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete enfermeiras, interpretadas pela análise temática indutiva. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos foram integrados e apresentados por meio de joint display. Resultados: a maioria dos enfermeiros raramente verificava a circunferência da cintura (77,6%), dislipidemia (55,7%), glicemia (42,3%) e nenhum avaliava a pressão arterial (75,3%). Nos resultados qualitativos, identificamos que há enfermeiros que não classificavam o índice de massa corporal segundo sexo e idade. Quanto aos exames, as solicitações estavam relacionadas principalmente à rotina de puericultura. As orientações sobre atividade física e alimentação foram dadas de forma básica ou atribuídas a outros profissionais, e os encaminhamentos para outros serviços ou profissionais sem seguimento pelos enfermeiros. Conclusão: é imperioso a capacitação dos enfermeiros para o manejo do sobrepeso e obesidade na atenção primária para crianças e adolescentes com vistas a qualidade do atendimento para a prevenção de comorbidades.