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Saeed E, El-Mansy AA, Mazroa SA, Moustafa AM. The possible protective role of vitamin C versus melatonin on potassium dichromate induced changes in rat thyroid gland: light and electron microscopic study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:1-17. [PMID: 36841779 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2178568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Potassium dichromate is widely used in various laboratory and industrial applications. Vitamin C and melatonin are well-known antioxidants. Study the microscopic and morphometric alterations in the thyroid gland in adult male albino rats after the administration of potassium dichromate for successive 2 months and also to assess the possible protective effect of vitamin C versus melatonin on these changes. Sixty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four main groups. Group I (The control group). Group II received potassium dichromate (25 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection for 2 months. Group III received the same dose of potassium dichromate with vitamin C (120 mg/kg/day) orally through an intragastric intubation. Group IV received the same dose of potassium dichromate and melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) as an i.p injection. Thyroid gland samples were prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. Potassium dichromate group demonstrated congested blood vessels, follicular hyperplasia, follicular enlargement with degenerated lining cells that were exfoliated in the lumen. The parafollicular cells appeared with darkly stained nuclei. PAS reaction showed weak reaction in the colloid with an abnormal pattern of vacuolization. A highly significant increase in the percentage area of fibrosis was detected in Mallory trichrome sections. Ultrastructurally, follicular cells and parafollicular cells appeared irregular in shape with dark, small heterochromatic nuclei. Small, electron-dense granules in the parafollicular cells were found. Potassium dichromate and vitamin C-treated group III showed partial improvement of the thyroid gland. The PAS reaction showed that nearly all the follicles were more or less similar to those of the control group. A significant decrease in the percentage area of fibrosis in group III was found as compared to those in group II. Potassium dichromate and melatonin-treated group showed that the thyroid gland was nearly similar to that of the control group. Vitamin C and melatonin could partially protect against potassium dichromate induced changes in the thyroid gland and the protective effect of melatonin was better than that of vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Saeed
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansy
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University-Egypt
| | - Shireen A Mazroa
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M Moustafa
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
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Sudhakaran G, Rajesh R, Murugan R, Velayutham M, Guru A, Boopathi S, Muthupandian S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin analog
N2
alleviates high testosterone induced oxidative stress in
CHO
cells and alters the expression of
Tox3
and
Dennd1a
signal transduction pathway involved in the
PCOS
zebrafish. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1449-1461. [PMID: 36450691 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that causes enlargement of ovaries and follicular maturation arrest, which lacks efficient treatment. N2, a semi-natural triterpenoid from the neem family, was already reported to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in our previous report. This study investigated the anti-androgenic property of N2 on testosterone-induced oxidative stress in Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells (CHO) and PCOS zebrafish model. The testosterone exposure disrupted the antioxidant enzymes and ROS level and enhanced the apoptosis in both CHO cells and PCOS zebrafish. However, N2 significantly protected the CHO cells from ROS and apoptosis. N2 improved the Gonado somatic index (GSI) and upregulated the expression of the SOD enzyme in zebrafish ovaries. Moreover, the testosterone-induced follicular maturation arrest was normalized by N2 treatment in histopathology studies. In addition, the gene expression studies of Tox3 and Denndla in zebrafish demonstrated that N2 could impair PCOS condition. Furthermore, to confirm the N2 activity, the in-silico studies were performed against PCOS susceptible genes Tox3 and Dennd1a using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. The results suggested that N2 alleviated the oxidative stress and apoptosis in-vitro and in-vivo and altered the expression of PCOS key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Seenivasan Boopathi
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
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Graumans MHF, van Hove H, Schirris T, Hoeben WFLM, van Dael MFP, Anzion RBM, Russel FGM, Scheepers PTJ. Determination of cytotoxicity following oxidative treatment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135022. [PMID: 35618071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are released in the aquatic environment due to incomplete removal from wastewater. With the presence of multiple chemicals in sewage waters, contaminants may adversely affect the effectiveness of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In certain cases, discharged metabolites are transformed back into their pristine structure and become bioactive again. Other compounds are persistent and can withstand conventional wastewater treatment. When WWTP effluents are released in surface waters, pristine and persistent chemicals can affect the aquatic environment. To complement WWTPs and circumvent incomplete removal of unwanted chemicals or pharmaceuticals, on-site wastewater treatment can contribute to their removal. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are very powerful techniques for the abatement of pharmaceuticals, however, under certain circumstances reactive toxic by-products can be produced. We studied the application of on-site AOPs in a laboratory setting. It is expected that treatment at the contamination source can eliminate the worst polluters. Thermal plasma and UV/H2O2 oxidation were applied on simulation matrices, Milli-Q and synthetic sewage water spiked with 10 different pharmaceuticals in a range of 0.1 up to 2400 μg/L. In addition, untreated end-of-pipe hospital effluent was also subjected to oxidative treatment. The matrices were activated for 180 min and added to cultured HeLa cells. The cells were 24 h and 48 h exposed at 37 °C and subsequently markers for oxidative stress and viability were measured. During the UV/H2O2 treatment periods no toxicity was observed. After thermal plasma activation of Milli-Q water (150 and 180 min) toxicity was observed. Direct application of thermal plasma treatment in hospital sewage water caused elimination of toxic substances. The low cytotoxicity of treated pharmaceutical residues is likely to become negligible if plasma pre-treated on-site wastewater is further diluted with other sewage water streams, before reaching the WWTP. Our study suggests that AOPs may be promising technologies to remove a substantial portion of pharmaceutical components by degradation at the source. Further studies will have to be performed to verify the feasibility of upscaling this technology from the benchtop to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martien H F Graumans
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hedwig van Hove
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F L M Hoeben
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Energy Systems Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice F P van Dael
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob B M Anzion
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Masood MI, Hauke NT, Nasim MJ, Sarfraz M, Naseem M, Schäfer KH. Neural stem cell-based in vitro bioassay for the assessment of neurotoxic potential of water samples. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:72-86. [PMID: 33334539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture activities, industrialization and growing numbers of wastewater treatment plants along river banks collectively contribute to the elevated levels of neurotoxic pollutants in natural water reservoirs across Europe. We established an in vitro bioassay based upon neural stem cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of raw wastewater, treated sewage effluent, groundwater and drinking water. The toxic potential of water samples was evaluated employing viability, proliferation, differentiation and migration assays. We found that raw wastewater could reduce the viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and decreased the neuronal and astrocyte differentiation, neuronal neurite growth, astrocyte growth and cell migration. Treated sewage water also showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration. Our results indicated that relatively high concentrations of nitrogenous substances, pesticides, mercuric compounds, bisphenol-A, and phthalates, along with some other pollutants in raw wastewater and treated sewage water, might be the reason for the neuroinhibitory effects of these water samples. Our model successfully predicted the neurotoxicity of water samples collected from different sources and also revealed that the incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater can be problematic for the developing nervous system. The presented data also provides strong evidence that more effective treatments should be used to minimize the contamination of water before release into major water bodies which may be considered as water reservoirs for human usage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Masood
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Natalie Tamara Hauke
- Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany; Abwasserverband Bergstrasse, Altau 10, 69469 Weinheim, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87550, Pakistan
| | - Karl Herbert Schäfer
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany.
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5
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Dos Santos Moysés F, Bertoldi K, Elsner VR, Cechinel LR, Basso C, Stülp S, Rodrigues MAS, Siqueira IR. Effect of tannery effluent on oxidative status of brain structures and liver of rodents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15689-15699. [PMID: 28527140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered as a central mechanism of toxicity induced by xenobiotics. Previously, it was demonstrated that mice exposed to tannery effluent showed an anxiety-like behavior, without any comparable behavioral effects in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of tannery wastewater on oxidative status in in vitro and in vivo assays with two mammal species, mice and rats. Specifically, homogenates of two brain areas and the liver were incubated with tannery wastewater; reactive species and lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected. In addition, the effects of in vivo exposure of mice to tannery effluents on and lipid peroxidation levels and the total reactive antioxidant capacity in brain areas and liver. Brain areas, the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and the liver of mice exposed to tannery wastewater showed oxidative stress. Our data suggest that divergent species-dependent hepatic enzymes adaptations, such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, induced by tannery effluent could explain previous behavioral findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dos Santos Moysés
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Bertoldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Viviane Rostirola Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Basso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Stülp
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 sala 202, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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