WHAT HAS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC TAUGHT US ABOUT ADOPTING PREVENTIVE MEASURES?

The COVID-19 Crisis, Religiosity and Spirituality Among Seventh-Day Adventist Older Adults

This study highlights the lived experience of Seventh-day Adventist older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, while focusing on their religious and spiritual practices during this event. The researchers conducted 10 in-depth qualitative interviews and found participants experienced notable changes in their personal spirituality and practices. Furthermore, findings showed participants categorizing the events of the pandemic in light of their understanding of the Bible. The analysis highlights the all-encompassing influence of spirituality and religiosity upon participants' experience of the world. The findings assist social workers to consider the importance of assessing and integrating older adults' spirituality as means to enhance their well-being.

Playful activity with robot for hand hygiene of elementary school students: quasi-experimental study

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of the hand hygiene process after elementary school students participated in an educational activity using an automated digital technology called Tutor Robot.

METHOD

Quasi-experimental study developed in 2019 with elementary school students (n=203). Hand hygiene was performed with a fluorescent solution before and after participating in an educational activity with a tutor robot. The images were recorded in a dark chamber and the data related to area of residence, grade, gender, hand position and laterality were analyzed by Anova and Holm-Sidak Post-Hoc (p≤0,05).

RESULTS

All conditions studied improved the hand hygiene process after activity with the tutor robot. There was no association between grade, gender, and dominant hand and the performance in the hand hygiene process, however, students from urban areas performed better than those from rural areas.

CONCLUSION

The activity with the tutor robot represented an important resource for conducting health education actions on hand hygiene and can also be tested in other settings and populations.

Lived Experiences of Nursing Professionals Providing Care to COVID-19 Patients

Objective: To analyze nursing professionals’ reports on their lived experience in the care provided to hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This is an exploratory study using a qualitative analysis, which included twelve nurses and eight nursing technicians from a public hospital in Brazil, conducted between December 2020 and February 2021. The inclusion criteria were professionals who provided care to COVID-19 patients in emergency, intensive care, and inpatient units and who had at least one year of experience in the institution. The interviews were analyzed through content and similarity analysis that generated a similarity tree; the Reinert method was used for thematic categories. Results: Most participants were female, with a mean age of 34.15 years and 4.85 years of experience. From the analysis, the words ‘patient,’ ‘to stay,’ and ‘to find’ were the most frequent, and for the categories, they were “nursing professionals’ feelings regarding the pandemic,” “the nurses’ role and work with the multi-professional team in the care provided to patients with COVID-19,” “precautions with the care provided to patients with COVID-19,” and “nursing professionals’ concern that their family members may become ill during the pandemic.” Conclusions: The nursing staff is predominantly composed of females and, in their reports on the lived experience of providing care to patients with COVID-19, they pointed out that concern and fear were prevalent, with the family being one of the protective factors to withstand the risks of working against something novel that may result in death.

COVID-19 e saúde mental

A pandemia de COVID-19 e as medidas de distanciamento social trouxeram implicações psicossociais para toda a comunidade universitária. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar fatores associados a sinais de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em uma comunidade universitária em regime de distanciamento social, durante a emergência sanitária. Por meio de estudo observacional de corte transversal com caráter quantitativo exploratório, realizado entre abril e maio de 2020, com uso da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21), foi obtida amostra on-line de 1.796 indivíduos. Os resultados de regressão quasi-Poisson demonstram que histórico de distúrbio mental, piora do estado emocional e dificuldades financeiras estão associados a altos escores dos três desfechos. Ainda, praticar atividade que proporciona bem-estar e possuir computador em casa estão associados negativamente a escores altos de depressão. Assim, mudanças do ensino presencial para o remoto podem ter implicações negativas na saúde mental de comunidades universitárias. 

Uso de substâncias psicoativas e saúde mental de estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19

Objetivo: mensurar o nível de dependência de substâncias psicoativas dos estudantes da área da saúde de uma universidade pública federal e verificar relações com a saúde mental durante a pandemia da covid-19. Método: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 527 estudantes de sete cursos de graduação da área da saúde de uma universidade pública federal da região Sul do Brasil. A coleta foi realizada de forma virtual por meio de um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e acadêmica, o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test e o Mental Health Inventory. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria dos estudantes, durante a pandemia da covid-19, apresentou uso ocasional e sugestivo de abuso para derivados do tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas, maconha e hipnóticos/sedativos. As menores médias de saúde mental foram dos estudantes que tiveram seu nível de dependência classificado como sugestivo de abuso, e as maiores médias foram dos que não fizeram uso dessas substâncias durante a pandemia (sem uso/pandemia). Conclusão: tendo em vista que médias mais elevadas apontam para uma melhor saúde mental, pode-se inferir que uma pior saúde mental está associada ao maior uso de substâncias psicoativas.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Emergency Outbreak Prevention and Control Based on CIA-ISM

The COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by high uncertainty and difficulty in prevention and control, has caused significant disasters in human society. In this situation, emergency management of pandemic prevention and control is essential to reduce the pandemic’s devastation and rapidly restore economic and social stability. Few studies have focused on a scenario analysis of the entire emergency response process. To fill this research gap, this paper applies a cross impact analysis (CIA) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach to analyze emergency scenarios and evaluate the effectiveness of emergency management during the COVID-19 crisis for outbreak prevention and control. First, the model extracts the critical events for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, including source, process, and resultant events. Subsequently, we generated different emergency management scenarios according to different impact levels and conducted scenario deduction and analysis. A CIA-ISM based scenario modeling approach is applied to COVID-19 emergency management in Nanjing city, China, and the results of the scenario projection are compared with actual situations to prove the validity of the approach. The results show that CIA-ISM based scenario modeling can realize critical event identification, scenario generation, and evolutionary scenario deduction in epidemic prevention and control. This method effectively handles the complexity and uncertainty of epidemic prevention and control and provides insights that can be utilized by emergency managers to achieve effective epidemic prevention and control.

Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health

Objective

This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.

Results

The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.

Conclusion

The discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.

Social, Economic, and Regional Determinants of Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Brazil

On May 10, 2021, Brazil ranked second in the world in COVID-19 deaths. Understanding risk factors, or social and ethnic inequality in health care according to a given city population and political or economic weakness is of paramount importance. Brazil had a seriousness COVID-19 outbreak in light of social and economic factors and its complex racial demographics. The objective of this study was to verify the odds of mortality of hospitalized patients during COVID-19 infection based on their economic, social, and epidemiological characteristics. We found that odds of death are greater among patients with comorbidities, neurological (1.99) and renal diseases (1.97), and immunodeficiency disorders (1.69). While the relative income (2.45) indicates that social factors have greater influence on mortality than the comorbidities studied. Patients living in the Northern macro-region of Brazil face greater chance of mortality compared to those in Central-South Brazil. We conclude that, during the studied period, the chances of mortality for COVID-19 in Brazil were more strongly influenced by socioeconomic poverty conditions than by natural comorbidities (neurological, renal, and immunodeficiency disorders), which were also very relevant. Regional factors are relevant in mortality rates given more individuals being vulnerable to poverty conditions.

Open Science, open access: literature review of the scientific communication about Covid-19 on the SciELO platform (2020)

ABSTRACT From the perspective of Open Science by means of open access, the study analyzes the scientific communication about Covid-19, made available by the SciELO platform, until February 19, 2021. With a qualitative approach, content analysis is used for data collection and interpretation. The research is divided into two steps: the first presents the general results on publications, the journals that mostly disseminated the studies, the types of scientific communication used, the citation indexes, and the distribution of articles by thematic areas. The second step shows the aspects listed above and presents a ranking of the 50 most accessed and cited articles. Conclusions show that SciELO made 3,165 publica- tions available, of which 2,042 are scientific articles. The 30 most productive journals are responsible for 43% of the publications. 2,296 documents are from the Health Sciences area and have been identified on 52 different topics related to Covid-19. Among the 42 most accessed and cited studies, three main axes were found: 1) Scientific protagonism: the contribution of science in the fight against Covid-19 - public actions and policies; 2) Protocols and diagnostics for health professionals and spaces; 3) Social, political, and economic issues in the pandemic.

DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINOLOGICAL SUBSET FOR PEOPLE WITH COVID-19 SEQUELAE

ABSTRACT Objectives to develop a terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) for people with covid-19 sequelae.® Method methodological study, which followed the steps: Identification of the relevant terms contained in the literature related to Covid-19 sequelae; Cross-mapping of the terms identified in the review with the terms of the classification; Construction of the statements of diagnoses, outcomes and nursing interventions and mapping of the constructed statements; Content validation of the statements by specialist nurses; and Structuring of the subset based on Roy's Adaptation Model. For data analysis, the Content Validity Index was used, and the statements with Content Validity Index were validated ≥ 0.80. Content validation was performed by 28 specialist nurses. Results 178 statements of nursing diagnoses/outcomes were constructed, with 450 nursing intervention statements. After content validation, a quantity of 127 diagnoses/outcomes and 148 nursing interventions were obtained, which comprised the terminological subset proposed in the study. Conclusion the validated statements that make up the terminological subset with greater predominance were those outlines in the physiological adaptive mode. However, the repercussions on the spiritual, social and personal dimensions are also highlighted.

Ciência Aberta, acesso aberto: revisão de literatura da comunicação científica sobre Covid-19 na plataforma SciELO (2020)

RESUMO A partir da perspectiva da Ciência Aberta por meio do acesso aberto, o estudo analisou a comunicação científica sobre Covid-19, disponibilizada pela plataforma SciELO, até 19 de fevereiro de 2021. De abordagem qualitativa, utilizou para coleta e interpretação de dados a análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa dividiu-se em dois movimentos. O primeiro apresentou os resultados gerais sobre as publicações, os periódicos que mais divulgaram estudos, os tipos de comunicação científica utilizados, os índices de citação, a distribuição dos artigos por áreas temáticas. O segundo movimento apontou aspectos elenca- dos acima e apresentou um ranking dos 50 artigos mais acessados e citados. Concluiu-se que a SciELO disponibilizou 3.165 publicações, das quais 2.042 são artigos científicos. Os 30 periódicos mais produtivos foram responsáveis por 43% das publicações. Ademais, 2.296 documentos são pertencentes às ciências da saúde e foram identificados em 52 temas diferentes relacionados com a Covid-19. Entre os 42 estudos mais acessados e citados, encontraram-se três eixos principais: 1) protagonismo científico: a contribuição da ciência no combate à Covid-19 - ações e políticas públicas; 2) protocolos e diagnósticos para profissionais e espaços de saúde; e 3) questões sociais, políticas e econômicas na pandemia.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SUBCONJUNTO TERMINOLÓGICO PARA PESSOAS COM SEQUELAS POR COVID-19

RESUMO Objetivos desenvolver um subconjunto terminológico da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE®) para pessoas com sequelas da Covid-19. Método estudo metodológico, que seguiu as etapas: Identificação dos termos relevantes contidos na literatura relacionados às sequelas da Covid-19; Mapeamento cruzado dos termos identificados na revisão com os termos da classificação; Construção dos enunciados de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem e mapeamento dos enunciados construídos; Validação de conteúdo dos enunciados por enfermeiros especialistas; e Estruturação do subconjunto com base no Modelo de Adaptação de Roy. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, sendo validados os enunciados com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0.80. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por 28 enfermeiros especialistas. Resultados foram construídos 178 enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem, com 450 enunciados de intervenções de enfermagem. Após a validação de conteúdo, obteve-se um quantitativo de 127 diagnósticos/resultados e 148 intervenções de enfermagem, os quais compuseram o subconjunto terminológico proposto no estudo. Conclusão os enunciados validados que compõem o subconjunto terminológico com maior predominância foram os enquadrados no modo adaptativo fisiológico. Contudo, apontam-se também as repercussões nas dimensões espiritual, social e pessoal.

Validation of a Brochure to Guide Health Professionals in the Dressing and Undressing of Personal Protective Equipment During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Objective To develop and validate a brochure to guide health professionals in properly dressing and undressing the personal protective equipment (PPE) used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods To develop the brochure, an integrative literature review was conducted after searching the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE. The brochure was evaluated by 38 health professionals (nurses, physical therapists, and doctors) employing the Delphi technique. The results were analyzed using the Content Validity Index.

Results In the first evaluation cycle, the items in the brochure were considered by the panel of experts as ranging from “unsuitable” to “totally adequate”. After the appropriate corrections suggested by the experts, the brochure once again was sent to the second evaluation cycle, in which all items were rated as “adequate” or “totally adequate.” The result is a Content Validity Index of 1.0.

Conclusion The present study allowed the development of a brochure and its validation by consensus among the evaluation group. The developed and validated brochure presents the reliability of the technique of dressing and undressing the PPE used by health professionals during the pandemic of COVID-19. This information contributes to the management of assistance with quality and safety for the frontline workers and patients.

Strategies Adopted by Addiction Facilities during the Coronavirus Pandemic to Support Treatment for Individuals in Recovery or Struggling with a Substance Use Disorder: A Scoping Review

This review aimed to identify and synthesize strategies and actions adopted by addiction facilities to support and maintain treatment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A scoping review was conducted using the following information sources: Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature. From a total of 971 articles, 28 studies were included. The strategies to maintain the care offer were telehealth/telemedicine, counselling/screening, 24-h telephone, webinars, conducting group therapy and support among users, adaptation for electronic health records, increased methadone/naloxone dispensing, restriction in the number of medication dispensing/day, and electronic prescription and home delivery medications. These strategies can be used to support health professionals in addressing the impact of the pandemic on the treatment of those in recovery or struggling with a substance use disorder when in-person treatment is not possible.

COVID-19 pandemic and nursing week: analysis from software Iramuteq

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the themes of publications on the Federal Council of Nursing (Cofen) website during Nursing Week 2020.

METHOD

documentary, qualitative research, whose data sources were publications on the Cofen website from May 12 to 20, 2020. Data were processed by software IRAMUTEQ®, through the Descending Hierarchical Classification and analyzed under the historical materialism framework.

RESULTS

thirty publications were analyzed, giving rise to five classes.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

the themes published in the period investigated pointed to the grief experienced by the category, due to the death of its members, and the fight for better working conditions. Overcoming the pandemic involves recognizing science and the Unified Health System, protecting nursing workers' health and fighting misinformation and fake news.

Knowledge and use of personal protective equipment by nursing professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic

OBJECTIVE

To explore the knowledge and use of personal protective equipment by nursing professionals of Primary Health Care during the Covid-19 pandemic.

METHOD

This is an exploratory study of a non-probabilistic sample developed in Basic Health Units in the city of Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Data were collected between June and August 2020, by phone call, following a semi-structured script, with responses recording and transcription. For material analysis, the software IRaMuTeQ was used for statistical textual analyses: Descending Hierarchical Classification, similarity analysis, and word cloud.

RESULTS

From the corpus of 6,873 words and 832 lexical units, three categories were created: (1) motivations and barriers for use (20.9%); (2) handling of personal protective equipment (classes 5 and 4) with 25% and 21.6%, respectively, and (3) measures to protect users and health professionals (classes 3 and 5) with 17.6% and 14.9%.

CONCLUSION

The nursing professionals interviewed demonstrated that they did not have sufficient knowledge for the proper use of the equipment, which could compromise their integrity and that of the patient as a subject who receives unsafe care.

Social Distancing and COVID-19: Factors Associated With Compliance With Social Distancing Norms in Spain

This article describes patterns of compliance with social distancing measures among the Spanish population during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It identifies several factors associated with higher or lower compliance with recommended measures of social distancing. This research is part of a 67-country study, titled the International COVID-19 study on Social & Moral Psychology, in which we use a Spanish dataset. Participants were residents in Spain aged 18 or above. The sample comprises 1,090 respondents, weighted to be representative of the Spanish population. Frequencies, correlations, bivariate analysis, and six models based on hierarchical multiple regressions were applied. The main finding is that most Spaniards are compliant with established guidelines of social distance during the pandemic (State of Alarm, before May 2020). Variables associated more with lower levels of compliance with these standards were explored. Six hierarchical multiple regression models found that compliance with social distance measures has a multifactorial explanation (R 2 between 20.4 and 49.1%). Sociodemographic factors, personal hygiene patterns, and the interaction between personal hygiene patterns and the support for political measures related to the coronavirus brought significant effects on the regression models. Less compliance was also associated with beliefs in some specific conspiracy theories with regard to COVID-19 or general conspiracy mentality (Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire, CMQ), consumption patterns of traditional mass media (television, paper newspapers, magazines, and radio) and modern means to get informed (online digital newspapers, blogs, and social networks), political ideology, vote, trust in institutions, and political identification. Among the future lines of action in preventing the possible outbreak of the virus, we suggest measures to reinforce trust in official information, mainly linked to reducing the influence of disinformation and conspiracy theories parallel to the pandemic.

Meanings and perspectives of men on what they lived during the Covid-19 pandemic

OBJECTIVE

To understand the meanings and perspectives attributed by men to the period lived in the Covid-19 pandemic.

METHOD

Qualitative study structured on the concepts of phenomenology, based on Heidegger's ontic interpretation, carried out with 400 men residing in Brazil. Data was produced through a form made available online. The responses were processed in the NVIVO12 software and analyzed according to the Discourse of the Collective Subject.

RESULTS

Two units of analytical meanings revealed in discourse-synthesis emerged. These units were supported by central ideas and ordered in five subunits that represent the collectivity of the investigated phenomenon. The units are: Being and being-in-the-world in the context of the pandemic - experiencing its possibilities and The vigor of the past and the present are presented as possibilities for a new future in the face of the pandemic.

CONCLUSION

The meanings and perspectives revealed a being-there in the context of the pandemic based on themselves, with changes in the routine and feelings and willingness to new possibilities and transformations, which generated psychosocial impact and coping and care strategies in the period of the pandemic. As implications, it is necessary to have a new understanding of the man-being, as they demonstrate the need for care, and for a care that goes beyond physical health.

Bundle to care for newborn children of mothers with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19

OBJECTIVE

To build and validate the contents of a bundle for the care of newborn children of mothers with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the delivery room and in the rooming-in care.

METHOD

Methodological research, developed in 2020 in three stages: bibliographic survey, construction of the instrument in Google Forms® and content validation by seven judges. The initial instrument consisted of seven nursing care. The content validity index above 80% was used to assess the agreement between the judges.

RESULTS

All items in the bundle reached agreement among judges above 80% after the third round of evaluation. The final version consisted of six items.

CONCLUSION

This study allowed the construction and content validation of the proposed bundle. The content proved to be valid and may contribute to the quality of nursing care in the face of the care of these newborns.

Factors associated to the practice of using masks by the population of Paraíba during the COVID-19 pandemic

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the practice of using masks by the population of the Brazilian state of Paraíba during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHOD

Cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study conducted with adults living in the state of Paraíba through an online instrument from April to May 2020, through the Face Mask Use Scale of Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas da Paraíba.

RESULTS

The participants amounted to 1,307 (100.0%) individuals, who were predominantly female (78.0%), aged 35 to 45 (32.3%), married (53.3%) and post-graduates (46.9%). The mean score for the practice of using masks was 18.7 (SD = 8.0; minimum 6.00; maximum 30). The use of masks for self-protection scored 9.8 (DP = 3.9; minimum 3.0; maximum 15.0), whereas the score for protection of others was 8.9 (SD = 4.5; minimum 3.0; maximum 15.0). In the comparison between the scores of the practice of using masks, there was a significant statistical difference for gender, education, age group, and income (p ≤ 0.01). The practice of using masks was more frequent in health environments, 7.3 (DP = 3.2).

CONCLUSION

The practice of using masks was predominant among women, people over 35, married, with an income higher than seven minimum wages, and post-graduation. The use of masks for self-protection was higher than for the protection of others and its use in health environments was higher than in the others.

Screening of core filter layer for the development of respiratory mask to combat COVID-19

The severe outbreak of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 has increased the significant demand of respiratory mask and its use become ubiquitous worldwide to control this unprecedented respiratory pandemic. The performance of a respiratory mask depends on the efficiency of the filter layer which is mostly made of polypropylene melt blown non-woven (PP-MB-NW). So far, very limited characterization data are available for the PPE-MB-NW in terms to achieve desired particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) against 0.3 µm size, which are imperative in order to facilitate the right selection of PP-MB-NW fabric for the development of mask. In present study, eight different kinds of PP-MB-NW fabrics (Sample A-H) of varied structural morphology are chosen. The different PP-MB-NW were characterized for its pore size and distribution by mercury porosimeter and BET surface area analyzer was explored first time to understand the importance of blind pore in PFE. The PP-MB-NW samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy so as to know the surface morphology. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop and breathing resistance of various PP-MB-NW fabric samples are investigated in single and double layers combination against the particle size of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 µm. The samples which are having low pore dia, high solid fraction volume, and low air permeability has high filtration efficiency (> 90%) against 0.3 µm particle with high pressure drop (16.3-21.3 mm WC) and breathing resistance (1.42-1.92 mbar) when compared to rest of the samples. This study will pave the way for the judicial selection of right kind of filter layer i.e., PP-MB-NW fabric for the development of mask and it will be greatly helpful in manufacturing of mask in this present pandemic with desired PFE indicating considerable promise for defense against respiratory pandemic.

Social isolation and the speed of covid-19 cases: measures to prevent transmission

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the social isolation index and the speed of new cases of Covid-19 in Brazil.

METHODS

Quantitative ecological, documentary, descriptive study using secondary data, comparing the period from March 14 to May 1, 2020, carried out with the 27 Brazilian federative units, characterizing the study population. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-SPSS® software, evaluating the correlation between the social isolation index and the number of new cases of Covid-19, using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

The increase in Covid-19 cases is exponential. There was a significant, negative correlation regarding the social isolation index and the speed of the number of new cases by Pearson's coefficient, which means that as the first one increases, the second one decreases.

CONCLUSION

Social isolation measures have significant effects on the rate of coronavirus infection in the population.

Clinical evolution of cases of COVID-19 infection in neopediatrics: a scoping review

OBJECTIVE

to map the knowledge about the clinical findings, treatment and outcome of newborns and children infected with COVID-19.

METHODS

a scoping review with search of eight databases and electronic search engine in April 2020.

RESULTS

the 12 studies analyzed showed that the main clinical findings in this population were nasal congestion, fever, respiratory distress, diarrhea, fatigue, dry cough, increased C-reactive protein, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated procalcitonin, bilateral ground-glass opacity, pulmonary consolidation, and pneumonia. Antivirals, respiratory support, immunomodulatory therapy, glucocorticoids, antibiotics and alpha interferon were used as treatment. The presence of a cure with hospital discharge is present in most cases.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

most patients required hospitalization, but it evolved to cure. This study provided a greater scientific basis by showing clinical findings, treatment, and outcomes in neopediatric patients with COVID-19.

COVID-19 tents: specialized triage service, a temporal analysis of the patients' profile

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the change in the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients attended at the specialized triage service for COVID-19 (COVID-19 tent) in the first three months of operation.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study, with users attended from March 2020 to May 2020 (n=379) at the COVID-19 tent in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Data collection was retrieved from an electronic form fed by tent professionals, which included sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, risk factors of exposure, means of search and clinical conduct. Trend tests and chi-square tests were performed.

RESULTS

March showed a greater demand (n=197), motivated by mild symptoms and direct search (p<0.05). In the following months, there was a decrease in demand (n=93; n=89), however the search for referrals, ambulances and conditions that required medical attention, observation and hospitalization increased (p<0.05). The search resulting from exposure to risk factors has not changed (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

the profile has changed over time, reflecting, in the end, severe and critical symptoms, requiring intervention.

SIMULATION TRAINING FOR HOSPITAL ADMISSION OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: ASSESSMENT OF NURSING PROFESSIONALS

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess skills, satisfaction, self-confidence and experience with debriefing of nursing professionals in a simulated scenario for hospital admission of patients with COVID-19. Method: this is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study, carried out at a university hospital with nursing professionals. Data were collected in June 2020 using the following instruments: sociodemographic questionnaire, checklist for assessing patient admission skills, the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale and the Debriefing Experience Scale. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: sixty-two professionals participated, 23 (37.10%) nurses and 39 (62.90%) nursing technicians, with an average age of 36.82 (±6.19). Compliance with patient admission skills ranged from 66.13% to 90.32%. The overall average score on the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale was 4.46 (± 0.36) and, on the Debriefing Experience Scale and factors, 4.63 (±0.33). Professionals who updated themselves with scientific articles and protocols obtained a higher average score on both scales (p<0.05). Conclusion: most professionals demonstrated skills on patient admission, satisfaction with learning, self-confidence in the simulated scenario and adequate experience with debriefing.

Boas práticas higiênico-sanitárias na rotina antropométrica na (pós-) pandemia da COVID-19

resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou diversas atividades humanas, tais como práticas de medições antropométricas, desde o campo clínico e de pesquisa até o campo do ensino. Dada a falta de vacinas e/ou medicamentos eficazes contra a COVID-19, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recomendou medidas de prevenção e enfrentamento da doença. Essas recomendações foram posteriormente endossadas pela Sociedade Internacional para o Avanço da Cineantropometria/ International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), com adaptações às rotinas antropométricas, que complementamos para aplicação abrangente nos diversos segmentos de atuação da antropometria. Este ponto de vista visa enfatizar e contribuir às considerações de segurança das rotinas antropométricas em um mundo pós-COVID-19. Entende-se aqui que o protocolo de biossegurança apresentado neste ponto de vista para retorno e continuidade das atividades antropométricas, no mundo inteiro, independentemente da formação/ capacitação/ atuação profissional, no que diz respeito à vida e às comunidades, também pode ter aplicação recorrente no combate a outros patógenos respiratórios semelhantes para se transformarem em pandemias no futuro. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de vídeos demonstrativos das recomendações deste ponto de vista para reforçar as boas práticas higiênico-sanitárias a serem adotadas pelos profissionais da antropometria na realização das medições do corpo humano.

Biovigilância no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos durante a pandemia: desafios para o enfermeiro

Resumo Objetivo identificar as estratégias desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro capazes de manter a biovigilância no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos a fim de minimizar o risco de transmissão da COVID-19 entre doadores, receptores e equipes de saúde. Método pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, apoiada no referencial teórico sobre a biovigilância da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de formulário on-line composto por questões abertas. Participaram 52 enfermeiros atuantes nas estruturas do Sistema Nacional de Transplantes. Os dados foram analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados identificou-se que o monitoramento e o controle no processo de doação, embasados na investigação clínica do potencial doador e na investigação familiar e comunitária, bem como a modificação da cultura de segurança na instituição, por meio da elaboração de protocolos e diretrizes para o cuidado do potencial doador, foram estratégias elaboradas pelo enfermeiro durante a pandemia com o objetivo de manter a segurança do paciente. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros foram o monitoramento e o controle dos possíveis riscos relacionados com a contaminação do potencial doador pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 e a modificação da cultura de segurança a partir da elaboração e implantação de protocolos, de modo a assegurar a continuidade da doação e o transplante de órgãos e tecidos, garantindo a segurança e a qualidade nesse processo.

Booklet on the use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: preventing facial skin injuries

Abstract Introduction: In the year 2020, Brazilian and global public health systems were overwhelemend by COVID-19, a pandemic highly transmissible by droplets and contact, mainly in enclosed areas and hospital environments. Objective: Create a booklet to instruct health professionals on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and preventive measures for facial skin injuries during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted from June to September 2020, adopting the following steps: situational diagnosis; literature review of the main health science databases; content selection and survey; drafting texts; creating illustrations; and diagramming the manual. Results: After the literature review, 26 articles were selected for the booklet. The material was prepared by the authors of this article and reviewed by a professional in the biomedical field, with expertise in standardizing procedures and tissue injury innovations. The final version contains four chapters and three algorithms, one with step-by-step instructions on donning PPE, one on removal and one containing preventive measures for PPE-related injuries. Conclusion: After an interactive review of the literature, a booklet was created that provides theoretical and practical foundations for health professionals on PPE donning and removal techniques, with a view to preventing facial injuries and COVID-19 infection.

VALIDATION OF A BOOKLET FOR THE CORRECT USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process for the elaboration and validation of a digital educational booklet intended for health professionals on the correct use of Personal Protective Equipment in the context of COVID-19. Method: a methodological study conducted between June and September 2020, operationalized in three stages: 1ststage: bibliographic survey; 2ndstage: elaboration of the booklet with the graphic designer to help in the development process of the technology; 3rdstage: content validation of the booklet by specialists through the Delphi technique. The validation was performed by 35 health and biology professionals and the local for selection of these was the Lattes Platform, using the Delphi technique in two rounds. The Content Validation Index was considered an acceptance criterion, with an agreement ≥ 0.78 among the judges being considered a good level. Results: the first version of the booklet obtained a global Content Validation Index of 0.79. There were suggestions for improvement that were accepted and, after the Delphi 2 phase, there was the resubmission of the booklet; it presented a global Content Validation Index of 0.99. Conclusion: the booklet was validated regarding its content and is compatible with its intended purpose, being important for the promotion of knowledge about the correct procedure to put on this equipment so that prevention measures are effective and shared.

Detecting space-time clusters of COVID-19 in Brazil: mortality, inequality, socioeconomic vulnerability, and the relative risk of the disease in Brazilian municipalities

The first case of COVID-19 in South America occurred in Brazil on February 25, 2020. By July 20, 2020, there were 2,118,646 confirmed cases and 80,120 confirmed deaths. To assist with the development of preventive measures and targeted interventions to combat the pandemic in Brazil, we present a geographic study to detect "active" and "emerging" space-time clusters of COVID-19. We document the relationship between relative risk of COVID-19 and mortality, inequality, socioeconomic vulnerability variables. We used the prospective space-time scan statistic to detect daily COVID-19 clusters and examine the relative risk between February 25-June 7, 2020, and February 25-July 20, 2020, in 5570 Brazilian municipalities. We apply a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to assess whether mortality rate, GINI index, and social inequality are predictors for the relative risk of each cluster. We detected 7 "active" clusters in the first time period, being one in the north, two in the northeast, two in the southeast, one in the south, and one in the capital of Brazil. In the second period, we found 9 clusters with RR > 1 located in all Brazilian regions. The results obtained through the GLM showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the predictor variables in relation to the relative risk of COVID-19. Given the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the GLM residuals, a spatial lag model was conducted that revealed that spatial effects, and both GINI index and mortality rate were strong predictors in the increase in COVID-19 relative risk in Brazil. Our research can be utilized to improve COVID-19 response and planning in all Brazilian states. The results from this study are particularly salient to public health, as they can guide targeted intervention measures, lowering the magnitude and spread of COVID-19. They can also improve resource allocation such as tests and vaccines (when available) by informing key public health officials about the highest risk areas of COVID-19.

Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: which products are been designed against COVID-19?

The current pandemic COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been affecting thousands of people worldwide, promoting high numbers of deaths. With this, the world population is going through a process of changing habits, with social distance, improvement of hygiene techniques, to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and, consequently, reduce the number of hospitalized people in serious condition, as well as the mortality rate. This scenario has been promoting a continuous search for researchers, in the most varied areas, for possible methods of prevention or cure. Specifically, in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, a variety of products are being developed against SARS-CoV-2. Under these circumstances, we propose here an exposition of some of the nanotechnological products (nanoscale between 1 to 1000 nm) currently designed for the detection of the virus, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, in addition to equipment for personal protection. We believe that pharmaceutical nanotechnology will be a valuable tool in the disease from the development of products that guarantee our protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

COVID-19: Cuidados de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

A doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19), foi identificada em dezembro de 2019, na China. Por ter uma disseminação extremamente rápida, de pessoa por pessoa, em janeiro de 2020 foi declarada uma urgência em saúde pública internacional e, em março, a COVID-19 foi declarada como uma pandemia. Os profissionais de saúde têm grande probabilidade de contrair ou transmitir essa doença, decorrente de sua alta exposição ao vírus. Com essa preocupação, o presente estudo fez uma revisão bibliográfica para descrever as rotinas e protocolos relacionados às melhores práticas para assistência de enfermagem aos pacientes com a COVID-19. No momento crítico como esse, cabe ao enfermeiro montar estratégias para qualificar a assistência e, ao mesmo tempo, promover a segurança dos profissionais que atuam diretamente no cuidado aos pacientes com a COVID-19.

NURSE'S PROTAGONISM IN STRUCTURING AND MANAGING A SPECIFIC UNIT FOR COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience in the structuring and managing process of a specific unit for COVID-19, highlighting the role of nurses in decision-making. Method: an experience report on the creation and management of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) unit, in March 2020, in 2020, in a philanthropic hospital of the state of Santa Catarina. Results: the unit was structured with 10 intensive care beds and 20 infirmary beds. Meetings were held to make decisions, as well as to create protocols and flows with active participation of the nurse. In questions related to direct assistance, adaptations were developed in the nursing process performed at the hospital and the organization of new flows and routines. The physical space was structured, considering the high risk of transmissibility for the disease. Professionals were hired with staffing readjustment according to the complexity of the service, making up a team of professionals with experience in critical care. There were trainings for developing knowledge and skills prior to the first cases, which were systematically maintained. In addition, it was observed that the nurses were concerned about the mental health of the professionals working in this unit and, therefore, support actions were programmed. Conclusion: the foundation in the scientific evidence and recommendations of the competent bodies at the world and national levels for the structuring of the COVID-19 unit is emphasized. The role of the nurse in all the interfaces stands out, assuming a fundamental role from the composition of the commissions, going through the planning and functioning of the physical structure, management of human resources, and construction of care protocols and flows, in addition to acting directly in the care provided.

COVID-19 AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY: MOBILE APPLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD IN SMARTPHONES

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe Covid-19 mobile applications available for download on smartphones. Method: a cross-sectional study with 52 mobile applications on Covid-19, obtained from virtual stores for smartphones with Android and iOS operating systems. Fisher's exact test and Cramér's V were used. Results: of the applications, 45 (86.6%) were developed in 2020, 51 (98.1%) were free, and 49 (94.2%) did not have accessibility for people with disabilities. It was observed that, in 23 countries, 17 (32.7%) applications in English and 14 (26.9%) in Portuguese were created, with a choice of 11 languages, relating to nine subthemes on Covid-19, the majority on “case monitoring” and “symptoms, prevention, and care”, with 17 (32.7%) each. There was an association between the target audience and the subtheme of “symptoms, prevention, and care”, and between patient monitoring and professional training. Conclusion: Covid-19 mobile applications were available in countries on five continents, in the main languages of communication and free of charge; however, with limited accessibility for people with disabilities.

FROM FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE LEGACY WE WANT

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the future of the nursing profession based on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the goals of the Nursing Now campaign and the celebration of Florence Nightingale's bicentennial. Method: reflexive analysis presented in two central topics: the first deals with Florence Nightingale-precursor of entrepreneurship in nursing; the second deals with the COVID-19 pandemic, the consequent turnaround of the Nursing Now campaign and the strengthening of nursing as a valuable profession. Results: in the first topic, we point out the fundamental aspects of the trajectory of Florence Nightingale as the creator of modern nursing worldwide through advances, innovations, scientificity and correlation of its principles with the current reality. In the second topic, we historically reflect on the activities of Nursing in the great wars and epidemics up to the present, correlating the practices and the way nursing is constituted as a profession. We point out the goals of the Nursing Now campaign and its significance post-pandemic, as well as the expansion of nursing visibility and the constitution of a new professional identity. Conclusion: finally, we reflect on the importance of nurses pursuing their efforts to grant visibility to their expertise in all fields of work and knowledge, strengthening the identity and the professional image we want to anchor in society and maintain for the future.

EMOTIONS AND COPING STRATEGIES OF MEN TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BRAZIL

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the emotions and coping strategies of men living in Brazil to the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: a qualitative socio-historical study, carried out with 200 men residing in Brazil. A semi-structured form was applied, made available on an online platform between March and May 2020. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method and sustained in the theoretical reference of Coping. Results: the strategies most used by the men were the following: compliance with preventive measures, strengthening of family/social ties, promotion of psychological well-being, self-care, emotional suppression, externalization of negative feelings, emotional control, positive reassessment, intellectual investment/professional qualification, maintenance of daily routines, adaptation to home office work, physical activity, control of marital conflicts, acceptance, and strengthening of belief and faith. Conclusion: the coping strategies adopted by the men are focused on following a pandemic coping protocol, and on the meaning and channeling of emotion and sense.

CARE TRANSITION FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

ABSTRACT Objective: to submit the experience lived in the care transition for hospital discharge of patients undergoing liver transplantation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an experience report on hospital discharge planning and care transition for patients undergoing liver transplantation at a teaching hospital. Results: after COVID-19 pandemic has been declared, several technological means were used to support self-care strategies at the time of the hospital-home transition, as well as remote care for patients focusing on doubts about the routine of care and treatments. In addition, new counterreferral strategies were structured, prioritizing safety and social isolation. Conclusion: the adjustments in care transition with the support of the technologies provided transplanted patients access to all the information that guides self-care. Likewise, they regulated the flow of the support network and the health network, decreasing the possibility for COVID-19 spread, infection and development.

Desafios no manejo da parada cardiorrespiratória durante a pandemia da COVID-19: um estudo de reflexão

Resumo Introdução Com o início da pandemia, inquietações quanto à condução da parada cardiorrespiratória em casos suspeitos e confirmados da COVID-19 surgiram ante as peculiaridades e publicações científicas quanto à temática. Dessa forma, o presente estudo apresenta uma reflexão e demonstra as novas recomendações acerca dos cuidados necessários a serem adotados pela equipe multiprofissional. Método Trata-se de um estudo de reflexão teórica, de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa com base em documentos convencionais e não convencionais emitidos pelos principais órgãos reguladores e revistas de grande impacto que abordam as temáticas discorridas. Além disso, não houve recorte temporal para a seleção do referencial bibliográfico. Resultados Os resultados expostos abordaram o cuidado relacionado com os recursos humanos e materiais envolvendo a temática, o manejo da via aérea nesse evento em pacientes que estavam ou não em uso de intubação endotraqueal, assim como em relação aos indivíduos em posição prona. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Diante das discussões apresentadas, é evidente a necessidade de atualização por parte das instituições de saúde em suas rotinas e dos profissionais que se encontram neste estudo como mecanismo de proteção e manutenção da qualidade do cuidado prestado.

SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN ONLINE JOURNALS ABOUT THE NEW CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19): BIBLIOMETRIC RESEARCH

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the bibliometric indicators of scientific production available in online journals that address Covid-19. Method: bibliometric study using Bradford's Law, network maps and textual statistics conducted with publications available in databases, from January to March 2020. Results: the sample consisted of 110 scientific articles. The main authors of the studies were linked to 83 institutions in 30 countries, giving priority to medical training. China was the country that published the most, providing a large number of research data. Patients infected with Covid-19 and the population in general made up the study populations and the hospital environment was the place where most of the research was performed. The journal with the highest number of publications has a high scientific influence among academic journals. The predominance of themes about Covid-19 was observed through the analysis of terms. Conclusion: bibliometric indicators indicate existing directions and gaps in the scientific production of Covid-19, which will assist in the development of future research, especially at the national level.

Segurança dos profissionais de saúde no enfrentamento do novo coronavírus no Brasil

RESUMO Objetivos apresentar o número de profissionais de saúde acometidos pela COVID-19 no Brasil, identificar algumas medidas de controle para redução da vulnerabilidade e as repercussões sobre a saúde desses profissionais no enfrentamento da pandemia COVID-19. Método implementado estudo descritivo, tendo como fonte boletins epidemiológicos e o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Resultados 22 estados brasileiros informam casos da COVID-19 entre os profissionais de saúde, totalizando 181.886. Dentre todas as capitais do país, 12 trazem informações. Algumas medidas recomendadas são: controle de engenharia, segurança, administrativas, práticas de segurança no trabalho e equipamentos de proteção individual. As repercussões envolvem saúde mental com implicações psíquicas, transtornos psicológicos e psiquiátricos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a pandemia desvelou, de forma crua e inequívoca, o retrato das condições de trabalho desigual, segregacionista e nefasto para a saúde humana a que os profissionais de saúde estão expostos, clama por mudanças e reconhecimentos e urge para a valorização desse grupo profissional.

Contribuição do telessaúde para o enfrentamento da COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre como o telessaúde pode contribuir para o enfrentamento da COVID-19. Método trata-se de estudo reflexivo, realizado com base na literatura acerca do uso do telessaúde como estratégia de enfrentamento da atual pandemia por coronavírus. Resultados a COVID-19 tem-se constituído em um importante desafio global aos sistemas de saúde, sendo responsável por inúmeras mortes. Algumas estratégias de intervenção para evitar a propagação da doença têm sido utilizadas, entre elas destaca-se o distanciamento social. Embora as consultas presenciais desempenhem um importante papel na relação profissional de saúde-paciente, durante situações de pandemias isso pode se tornar inviável. Assim, o uso de tecnologias como os serviços de telessaúde podem se mostrar necessários. O artigo possibilita a reflexão de como o telessaúde pode contribuir como estratégia de enfrentamento da COVID-19. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática os serviços de telessaúde podem se constituir de uma importante estratégia para assegurar a melhoria no acesso aos serviços de saúde para a população e maior efetividade na triagem e monitoramento dos casos da COVID-19, auxiliando na redução da mobilidade dos indivíduos, evitando a propagação do vírus e a sobrecarga dos serviços de saúde.