Sleep disturbances in adults in a city of Sao Paulo state

The impact of early sports participation on body fatness in adulthood is not mediated by current physical activity

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to analyze the relationship between early sports participation (ESP) and body fatness (BF) in adults, as well as to identify whether this possible relationship is directly influenced by the current physical activity (PA) level.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study combined baseline data of two cohort. The BF estimated by DXA. The ESP, the subjects reported the engagement in sports during childhood (7-10 years) and adolescence (11-17 years) through two yes/no questions and current PA (described as steps) was device-measured using pedometers. Were identified as potential covariates and therefore adjusted the multivariate models: age, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep quality. Statistical analysis consisted of the chi-square test, analysis of variance/covariance, and structural equation modeling (software BioEstat version 5.0; p-value < .05).

RESULTS

Adults engaged in ESP had lower BF; among women, the variance in BF explained by ESP was 25.5%; among men, it was 9.2%. Sports participation in early life (r = -.436 [95% CI: -0.527 to -0.346]) and current PA (r = -.431 [95% CI: -0.522 to -0.340]) were inversely related to BF, as well as positively related to each other (r = .328 [95% CI: 0.226 to 0.430]). In the mediation model, current PA partially mediated (18.5%) the impact of ESP on BF, while current PA and ESP remained relevant determinants of BF.

CONCLUSION

Early sports participation and current PA have a significant impact on BF in adulthood, which is of similar magnitude and independent of each other.

Sedentary behavior is associated with poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and physical activity mitigates its adverse effects

BACKGROUND

We aimed to evaluate the association of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

Cross-sectional, population-based study in adults, conducted from October to December 2020 in the Iron Quadrangle region, Brazil. The outcome was sleep quality, evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SB was assessed by self-report of total sitting time, before and during the pandemic. Individuals with ≥ 9 h of total sitting time were classified as SB. In addition, the ratio of time spent in MVPA to time in SB was analyzed. A contrasted directed acyclic graph (DAG) model was constructed to adjust logistic regression models.

RESULTS

A total of 1629 individuals were evaluated, the prevalence of SB before the pandemic was 11.3% (95%CI: 8.6-14.8), and during the pandemic 15.2% (95%CI: 12.1-18.9). In multivariate analysis, the chance of poor sleep quality was 77% higher in subjects with SB ≥ 9 h per day (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.02-2.97). Furthermore, a one-hour increase in SB during the pandemic, increased the chance of poor sleep quality by 8% (OR: 1.08; 95%CI 1.01-1.15). In the analysis of the ratio of MVPA per SB in individuals with SB ≥ 9 h, practicing 1 min of MVPA per hour of SB reduces the chance of poor sleep quality by 19% (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73-0.98).

CONCLUSION

SB during the pandemic was a factor associated with poor sleep quality, and the practice of MVPA can reduce the effects of SB.

Association between Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters with Postural Control Responses among Brazilian Schoolteachers

Objective  To investigate the impact of sleep quality on postural control in teachers. Methods  Cross-sectional study with 41 schoolteachers (mean age 45.7 ± 10.4 years). Sleep quality was assessed in two ways: objectively (through actigraphy), and subjectively (through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Postural control was assessed in an upright posture during 3 trials of 30s (bipedal and semitandem stances in rigid and foam surfaces with eyes open) with a period of rest across trials, on a force platform, based in the center of pressure measurements in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Results  The prevalence of poor sleep quality in this study sample was 53.7% ( n  = 22). No differences were found between Poor and Good sleep in the posturographic parameters (p > 0.05). Although, there was moderate correlation between postural control in the semitandem stance and subjective sleep efficiency for center of pressure area (rs = -0.424; p  = 0.006) and amplitude in anteroposterior direction (rs = -0.386; p  = 0.013). Discussion  There is correlation between poor sleep quality and postural control in schoolteachers, as sleep efficiency decreases, postural sway increases. Poor sleep quality and postural control were investigated in other populations, but not in teachers. Several factors such as work overload, insufficient time for physical activities, among others, can contribute to a worse perception of sleep quality, as well as deterioration in postural control. Further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings.

Sleep characteristics and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents and adults: results from the birth cohorts of three Brazilian cities - RPS Consortium

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence of insufficient sleep duration, long sleep latency, terminal or maintenance insomnia, subjective sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness among participants of birth cohorts conducted in three Brazilian cities, and to evaluate differences in prevalence rates within cohorts according to sociodemographic characteristics.

METHODS

Cross-sectional analyses involving adolescents and adults participating in four birth cohorts conducted in Ribeirão Preto (RP78 and RP94), Pelotas (PEL93) and São Luís (SL97/98). Sleep duration, latency, terminal or maintenance insomnia, and subjective sleep quality were obtained through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Differences in the prevalence of the outcomes were analyzed in each cohort according to sociodemographic characteristics (skin color, marital status, socioeconomic status, study and working at the time of the interview) stratified by sex.

RESULTS

Insufficient sleep duration was the most common outcome at the four cohorts, with higher frequency among men. Long latency was more frequently reported by young adult women in RP94 and PEL93 cohorts, and insomnia by women of the four cohorts, when compared to men of the same age. Women generally suffered more from excessive daytime sleepiness and evaluated the quality of their sleep more negatively than men. In addition to sex, being a student and working were associated with the largest number of outcomes in both sexes.

CONCLUSION

Sleep disorders are more prevalent in women, reinforcing the need for greater investment in sleep health in Brazil, without disregarding gender and socioeconomic determinants.

Association between sleep quality and occupational factors in Brazilian correctional officers

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the occupational factors associated with poor sleep quality in correctional officers (COs).

METHOD

This is a cross-sectional study involving COs who work at four prison facilities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic and linear regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and beta coefficient (β) of poor sleep quality and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. The analyses were adjusted for the main confounders.

RESULTS

Considering the 256 male COs who participated in the study, 148 (57.8%) had poor sleep quality. In the adjusted analyses, poor sleep quality was associated with higher mental demands (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.40-6.85), having suffered psychological violence at work (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.04-4.35), agreeing with the following statement: "I think about work-related issues in my free time" (OR = 5.13; 95% CI: 1.26-20.78), feeling partially dissatisfied (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.09-4.68) or dissatisfied with work (OR = 4.52; CI: 1.32-15.46) and willingness to find another job (OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.53-6.71). The occupational factors dissatisfaction with work (β = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.05-1.98) and having health problems related to the work environment (β = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.24-2.41) were also associated with higher scores on the PSQI.

CONCLUSION

Poor quality of sleep is a highly frequent health problem among correctional officers, and this condition is associated with the perception of poor working conditions, professional dissatisfaction and the fact that such professionals think about work during their free time.

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Associated Factors in People Living With HIV in the Ceará, Brazil: A Cross-sectional Study

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders and associated factors in people living with HIV (PLWH). This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 385 participants followed-up on an outpatient basis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Interviews were conducted using the Sociodemographic, Epidemiological and Clinical Form for PLWH and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated, considering p < .05 as statistically significant. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 43.38%. Having children (p = .0054; OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.21-3.01), less than 8 years of education (p = .0013; OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.34-3.34), and not engaging in regular physical exercise (p = .0001; OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.61-4.23) were factors associated with the occurrence of sleep disorders. It was concluded that almost half of the sample had sleep disorders, especially those with children, low level education, and sedentary habits. These data point to the need for increased guidance on sleep hygiene, in addition to the practice of regular physical exercise for this population.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de medicamento indutor do sono entre mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo transversal em Vitória, Espírito Santo, 2014

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de medicamento indutor do sono entre mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), Vitória, ES, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres de 20-59 anos, realizado em 2014. Analisou-se a associação do uso de indutor do sono com fatores socioeconômicos e experiências de violência (regressão de Poisson). Resultados Entre 991 participantes, 18,5% usavam medicamento indutor do sono e 45,9% usaram-no alguma vez na vida. Seu uso, atualmente e ao longo da vida, associou-se a idade, escolaridade e violências psicológica, física e sexual no último ano (p-valor<0,05). Menor renda familiar (RP=1,30; IC95% 1,03;1,64) e parceiro controlador (RP=1,35; IC95% 1,08;1,69) associaram-se ao uso atual, enquanto experiência de violência sexual na infância (RP=1,33; IC95% 1,13;1,56) associou-se ao uso alguma vez na vida. Conclusão O uso de medicamento indutor do sono foi frequente entre usuárias da APS, associando-se a fatores socioeconômicos e experiências de violência.

[Sleep-related problems and associated factors among the Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2013]

The scope of this study was to estimate the frequency of sleep-related problems and associated factors. It was a study based on data from the National Health Survey conducted in Brazil in 2013. Sleep-related problems were assessed with the question "How often have you had sleep problems in the last two weeks, such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night or sleeping more than usual?" The answers were grouped into: none of the days, less than half of the days and more than half of the days. Of the individuals evaluated, 71.1% reported having no problems with sleep on any day, 14.0% on at least half of the days and 14.9% on more than half of the days. The highest frequencies of sleep-related problems were reported by women and more advanced age. For men and women, smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and high blood pressure were significantly associated with the frequency of sleep problems on more than half of the days, and also excess weight for women. Thus, the frequency of sleep-related problems in the Brazilian population was high. Women, older individuals with lifestyle-related risk behaviors, high blood pressure, and overweight were the highest risk subgroups.

Factors related to difficulty sleeping in adults and older people registered with the Family Health Strategy

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors related to difficulty sleeping in adults and older people registered on the Family Health Strategy at Primary Care Health Centers. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted in the town of Três Lagoas (MS, Brazil), with 300 people of both sexes, aged 45 years and over, registered on the town’s Family Health Strategy. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographics, health, and social support networks. The dependent variable difficulty sleeping was assessed using the question: “Do you have difficulty sleeping?” Data were analyzed with binomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of difficulty sleeping was 43% (95% confidence interval 37 – 49). According to the adjusted analyses, the following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (Odds Ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval 1.21 – 3.60); number of medications per day (Odds Ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval 1.05 – 1.33); self-report of visual impairment (Odds Ratio = 3.56; 95% confidence interval 1.54 – 8.25); self-report of hearing loss (Odds Ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval 1.18 – 4.41); and social isolation (Odds Ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval 1.14 – 3.54). CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the principal factors related to complaints of insomnia is of relevance to support planning of care and of public policies, targeting improved sleep quality in people going through the aging process and beyond.

Qualidade e duração de sono entre usuários da rede pública de saúde

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade e tempo de sono entre usuários da rede pública de saúde e fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 775 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, em um município da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Aplicou-se questionário semiestruturado para avaliar as características sociodemográficas, os hábitos de vida, as condições de saúde, o binge drinking e qualidade e duração do sono, avaliadas pelo Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh. Aplicou-se a regressão de Poisson para identificação dos fatores associados à qualidade do sono ruim e à duração de sono (curta e longa). Resultados Na análise múltipla, os fatores associados à qualidade de sono ruim foram sexo feminino (razão de prevalência: 1,10; intervalo e confiança de 95% − IC95% 1,05-1,16; p<0,00), binge drinking (razão de prevalência: 1,08; IC95% 1,03-1,13; p<0,01), uso de substâncias ilícitas (razão de prevalência: 1.06, IC95% 1.00-1.12; p=0.03), angina (razão de prevalência: 1,10;, IC95% 1,03-1,18; p<0,01) e depressão (razão de prevalência: 1,07 IC95% 1,00-1,14; p=0,02). A obesidade associou-se à curta duração do sono (razão de prevalência: 1,10 IC95% 1,02-1,17; p<0,01). Idade > 55 anos associou-se à longa duração do sono (razão de prevalência: 1,39, IC95% 1,00-1,92; p=0,04). Conclusão Ser mulher, ter idade >55 anos, consumir bebida alcoólica, usar substâncias ilícitas, angina, obesidade e depressão foram fatores de risco para alterações na qualidade e duração de sono. Os resultados do presente estudo reforçam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para a prevenção dos agravos relacionados às alterações no sono na população estudada.

The Relationship between Lifestyle and Costs Related to Medicine Use in Adults

BACKGROUND

The unhealthy lifestyle is growing and this can have repercussions on health status demanding actions on the occurrence of diseases and leads to increased expenses.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the interrelationship between the costs of medicine use and lifestyle behaviors.

METHODS

A cohort study with 118 participants, age around 51.7 ± 7.1 years old. It was collected personal and anthropometric data and information about medicine of continuous use to calculate the costs. Lifestyle variables included habitual physical activity (PA) assessed by pedometer, sedentary behavior by Baecke questionnaire, sleep quality by mini sleep questionnaire and self-report of smoke and alcohol consumption. Statistical analyses were performed by BioEstat (version 5.2) and the significance level set at p-value < 0.05.

RESULTS

In 12 months, 62 subjects bought 172 medicines, representing an overall cost of US$ 3,087.01. Expenditures with drugs were negatively related to PA (r = -0.194, p-value = 0.035 and r = -0.281, p-value = 0.002), but positively related with sleep quality (r = 0.299, p-value=0.001 and r = 0.315, p-value = 0.001) and age (r = 0.274, p-value = 0.003). Four multivariate models were executed considering lifestyle behaviors in different moments of cohort and medicine costs, and all these models identify important relationship between lifestyle behaviors with expenditures with drugs.

CONCLUSION

Worse sleep quality seems to increase the costs related to medicine use in adults, while obesity and ageing play a relevant role in this phenomenon and alcohol consumption seems a variable with relevant economic impact.

Avaliação do Sono em um Grupo de Policiais Militares de Elite

Resumo Objetivo Estudar os distúrbios do sono em um Grupo de Policiais Militares de Elite. Método Estudo transversal, que avaliou 22 policiais militares de elite da Brigada Militar, o que corresponde a totalidade do efetivo operacional do grupo estudado. Resultados Os principais achados deste estudo foram quatro. Primeiro, observou-se uma elevada prevalência de distúrbios do sono (100% apresentaram algum distúrbio ou queixa relacionada ao sono) e de má qualidade de sono (63,6%) entre esses policiais. Segundo, observou-se uma elevada prevalência (27,3%) de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono entre os policiais estudados sendo que estes apresentaram maior sonolência diurna. Terceiro, dentre os policiais que apresentaram algum acidente de trabalho constatou-se uma maior prevalência de sonolência diurna, de má qualidade do sono e de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Quarto, policiais com má qualidade de sono apresentaram piores escores de qualidade de vida. Conclusão Considerando-se a elevada prevalência de distúrbios do sono entre os policiais militares e as diversas consequências advindas de um sono de má qualidade, sugere-se a inclusão de questões relacionadas ao sono, de questionários de triagem para distúrbios do sono e dependendo do caso, do exame de polissonografia, dentro da inspeção bienal de saúde dos Policiais Militares de Elite.

Smoking among adolescents is associated with their own characteristics and with parental smoking: cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to analyze the association between smoking during adolescence and the characteristics of smoking and alcohol consumption among their parents.

DESIGN AND SETTING

Cross-sectional study in Londrina (PR), Brazil.

METHODS

The subjects comprised 1,231 adolescents aged 14-17 years. The adolescents and their parents answered a self-report questionnaire that asked for sociodemographic information and data on smoking and alcohol consumption. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between smoking among adolescents and their characteristics (age, sex, period of the day for attending school, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic level) and their parents' characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption, age and education level), adjusted according to the adolescents' characteristics (sex, age and socioeconomic level).

RESULTS

The prevalence of smoking among adolescents was 3.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.4-4.4). Adolescents whose mothers or fathers were smokers were 2.0 and 2.5 times more likely to be smokers, respectively. The prevalence of smoking among adolescents with a smoking mother was 7.1% (95% CI: 2.6-10.7) and a smoking father, 5.4% (95% CI: 1.6-8.5). There were significant associations between smoking adolescents and age [5.2% (95% CI: 3.3-6.6)], studying at night [9.6% (95% CI: 4.0-15.5)] and alcohol consumption [69.0% (95% CI: 55.0-83.0)]. It was observed that the number of alcoholic beverage doses consumed was higher among smoking adolescents (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Adolescent smoking was associated with smoking by their parents, regardless of the gender of the parents or adolescents. Age, alcohol consumption and studying at night are characteristics of adolescents that can contribute towards smoking.

Sleep disturbances in young and middle-aged adults - Empirical patterns and related factors from an epidemiological survey

BACKGROUND

Previous research suggests that sleep disorders are highly associated with other mental health problems. However, sleep problems even below the diagnostic threshold of sleep disorders are very common in the general population, which highly affects wellbeing and functioning. In order to broaden the focus beyond those severe cases we explored empirical patterns across the whole spectrum of sleep problems as well as associated clinical and other factors.

METHOD

A representative community sample of N=1274 residents from the canton of Zurich was interviewed for sleep problems and diagnostic criteria for mental disorders as well as was given a number of mental health-related psychometrical checklists. Based on a broader spectrum of sleep problems we conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) to derive distinct classes of such disturbances. Classes were compared regarding their associations to mental health-relevant and other risk factors.

RESULTS

The LCA revealed four classes - no sleep disturbances (72.6%), difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (15.8%), delayed sleep (5.3%), and severe sleep problems (6.4%). Severe sleep problems were related to female gender and generalized anxiety disorder, while depression was linked to all sleep problem classes. Persons with difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and severe sleep problems reported higher levels of psychopathology, burnout and neuroticism, while all sleep problem types were tied to stress-related variables, but not alcohol use disorder.

DISCUSSION

Sleep problems are highly prevalent among the young and middle-aged adults in our representative sample of young and middle-aged adults and as such represent a serious public mental health problem. Our findings indicate sleep problems to have a multi-dimensional structure with some differential associations. While all subtypes were associated with poorer mental health and particularly more depression, severe sleep problems appeared to be the sleep subtype seen in agoraphobia and GAD, while delayed sleep had no specific associations. The variety of associations assessed leads one to assume that likewise a variety of sleep interventions is required.

Sleeping pill use in Brazil: a population-based, cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleeping pill use in Brazil.

DESIGN

A population-based cross-sectional study with a three-stage cluster sampling design (census tracts, households and adult residents) was used.

SETTING

The Brazilian 2013 National Health Survey was used.

PARTICIPANTS

The study population consisted of household residents aged ≥18 years. A total of 60 202 individuals were interviewed, including 52.9% women, and 21% reported depressive symptoms.

OUTCOMES

The primary outcome was sleeping pill use, which was self-reported with the question, 'Over the past two weeks, have you used any sleeping pills?' The prevalence was calculated and stratified according to sociodemographic characteristics. The associated factors were identified from prevalence ratios (PRs) obtained through a Poisson regression with robust variance and adjusted for sex and age.

RESULTS

The prevalence of sleeping pill use was 7.6% (95% CI 7.3% to 8.0%), and the average treatment duration was 9.75 (95% CI 9.49 to 10.00) days. Self-medication was found in 11.2% (95% CI 9.6% to 12.9%) of users. The following factors were associated with sleeping pill use: female sex (PR=2.21; 95% CI 1.97 to 2.47), an age of ≥60 years (PR=5.43; 95% CI 4.14 to 7.11) and smoking (PR=1.47; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.68). Sleeping pill use was also positively associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p<0.001), whereas alcohol intake was inversely associated (PR=0.66; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.77).

CONCLUSIONS

One in every 13 Brazilians adults uses sleeping pills. There is a lack of information about the reasons for this use. Actions are required to raise awareness about the risks. The results could assist programmes in targeting rational sleeping pill use and the identification of factors demanding intervention.

Determinants of outpatient expenditure within primary care in the Brazilian National Health System

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

One of the big challenges facing governments worldwide is the financing of healthcare systems. Thus, it is necessary to understand the factors and key components associated with healthcare expenditure. The aim here was to identify demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with direct healthcare expenditure within primary care, among adults attended through the Brazilian National Health System in the city of Bauru.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Cross-sectional study conducted in five primary care units in Bauru (SP), Brazil.

METHODS:

Healthcare expenditure over the last 12 months was assessed through medical records of adults aged 50 years or more. Annual healthcare expenditure was assessed in terms of medication, laboratory tests, medical consultations and the total. Body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, age, sex, physical activity and smoking were assessed through face-to-face interviews.

RESULTS:

The total healthcare expenditure for 963 participants of this survey was US$ 112,849.74 (46.9% consultations, 35.2% medication and 17.9% laboratory tests). Expenditure on medication was associated with overweight (odds ratio, OR = 1.80; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-3.01), hypertension (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.91-4.82) and moderate physical activity (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.81). Expenditure on consultations was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12-2.47) and female sex (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.14-2.55).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results showed that overweight, lower levels of physical activity and hypertension were independent risk factors associated with higher healthcare expenditure within primary care.

Effects of physical activity at work and life-style on sleep in workers from an Amazonian Extractivist Reserve

Physical activity has been recommended as a strategy for improving sleep. Nevertheless, physical effort at work might not be not the ideal type of activity to promote sleep quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of type of job (low vs. high physical effort) and life-style on sleep of workers from an Amazonian Extractivist Reserve, Brazil. A cross-sectional study of 148 low physical activity (factory workers) and 340 high physical activity (rubber tappers) was conducted between September and November 2011. The workers filled out questionnaires collecting data on demographics (sex, age, occupation, marital status and children), health (reported morbidities, sleep disturbances, musculoskeletal pain and body mass index) and life-style (smoking, alcohol use and practice of leisure-time physical activity). Logistic regression models were applied with the presence of sleep disturbances as the primary outcome variable. The prevalence of sleep disturbances among factory workers and rubber tappers was 15.5% and 27.9%, respectively. The following independent variables of the analysis were selected based on a univariate model (p<0.20): sex, age, marital status, work type, smoking, morbidities and musculoskeletal pain. The predictors for sleep disturbances were type of job (high physical effort); sex (female); age (>40 years), and having musculoskeletal pain (≥5 symptoms). Rubber tapper work, owing to greater physical effort, pain and musculoskeletal fatigue, was associated with sleep disturbances. Being female and older than 40 years were also predictors of poor sleep. In short, these findings suggest that demanding physical exertion at work may not improve sleep quality.

•

Sleep data from workers with low and high physical effort at work were analyzed.

•

Sleep disturbances were prevalent in 28% of workers with high physical effort at work.

•

Being female and older than 40 years were predictors of poor sleep.

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Musculoskeletal pain was associated with sleep disturbances.

•

Physical exertion at work may not improve sleep quality.

[Factors associated with poor sleep quality in the Brazilian population ≥ 40 years of age: VIGICARDIO Study]

OBJECTIVE

The prevalence of poor sleep quality in men and women ≥ 40 years old from the VIGICARDIO Study was determined, and sociodemographic, health, lifestyle and social capital factors associated with poor sleep quality were identified.

METHODS

A population-based study conducted in 2011 among 1,058 non-institutionalised individuals randomly selected from Cambé, Paraná State, Brazil. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between sleep quality and sociodemographic, health, lifestyle and social capital factors in men and women.

RESULTS

The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 34% in men and 44% in women. Having bad/regular self-rated health status was a factor associated with poor sleep quality in men (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.17-2.72) and women (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.68-3.53). Being obese (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.13-2.46), having depression (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.41-3.13) and presenting temporal orientation difficulties (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.08-3.52) were associated factors in women. Difficulty to understand what is explained (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.16-4.09) and alcohol abuse (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.21-2.83) were associated factors in men.

CONCLUSION

Factors affecting sleep quality are different for men and for women. These factors should be taken into consideration when devising activities that promote good sleep quality, with a view to improving their effectiveness.