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Boullaud L, Blasco H, Caillaud E, Emond P, Bakhos D. Immediate-Early Modifications to the Metabolomic Profile of the Perilymph Following an Acoustic Trauma in a Sheep Model. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164668. [PMID: 36012907 PMCID: PMC9409969 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss remain unknown. Identifying biomarkers of noise-induced hearing loss may increase the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of deafness, allow for a more precise diagnosis, and inform personalized treatment. Emerging techniques such as metabolomics can help to identify these biomarkers. The objective of the present study was to investigate immediate-early changes in the perilymph metabolome following acoustic trauma. Metabolomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry to analyze metabolic changes in perilymph associated with noise-induced hearing loss. Sheep (n = 6) were exposed to a noise designed to induce substantial hearing loss. Perilymph was collected before and after acoustic trauma. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and a supervised multivariate analysis based on partial least squares discriminant analysis. A metabolomic analysis showed an abundance of 213 metabolites. Four metabolites were significantly changed following acoustic trauma (Urocanate (p = 0.004, FC = 0.48), S-(5’-Adenosyl)-L-Homocysteine (p = 0.06, FC = 2.32), Trigonelline (p = 0.06, FC = 0.46) and N-Acetyl-L-Leucine (p = 0.09, FC = 2.02)). The approach allowed for the identification of new metabolites and metabolic pathways involved with acoustic trauma that were associated with auditory impairment (nerve damage, mechanical destruction, and oxidative stress). The results suggest that metabolomics provides a powerful approach to characterize inner ear metabolites which may lead to identification of new therapies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Boullaud
- ENT Department and Cervico-Facial Surgery, CHU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
- INSERM U1253, iBrain, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-02-4747-4747
| | - Hélène Blasco
- INSERM U1253, iBrain, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
- Faculty of Medecine, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Eliott Caillaud
- ENT Department and Cervico-Facial Surgery, CHU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- INSERM U1253, iBrain, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- Faculty of Medecine, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - David Bakhos
- ENT Department and Cervico-Facial Surgery, CHU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
- INSERM U1253, iBrain, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- Faculty of Medecine, University of Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- House Institute Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Wong HS, Freeman DA, Zhang Y. Not just a cousin of the naked mole-rat: Damaraland mole-rats offer unique insights into biomedicine. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110772. [PMID: 35710053 PMCID: PMC10155858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary medicine has been a fast-growing field of biological research in the past decade. One of the strengths of evolutionary medicine is to use non-traditional model organisms which often exhibit unusual characteristics shaped by natural selection. Studying these unusual traits could provide valuable insight to understand biomedical questions, since natural selection likely discovers solutions to those complex biological problems. Because of many unusual traits, the naked mole-rat (NMR) has attracted attention from different research areas such as aging, cancer, and hypoxia- and hypercapnia-related disorders. However, such uniqueness of NMR physiology may sometimes make the translational study to human research difficult. Damaraland mole-rat (DMR) shares multiple characteristics in common with NMR, but shows higher degree of similarity with human in some aspects of their physiology. Research on DMR could therefore offer alternative insights and might bridge the gap between experimental findings from NMR to human biomedical research. In this review, we discuss studies of DMR as an extension of the current set of model organisms to help better understand different aspects of human biology and disease. We hope to encourage researchers to consider studying DMR together with NMR. By studying these two similar but evolutionarily distinct species, we can harvest the power of convergent evolution and avoid the potential biased conclusions based on life-history of a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Shan Wong
- Nine Square Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America.
| | - David A Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States of America
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States of America.
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Reis AD, Dalmolin SP, Saul DDA, Machado MS, Dallegrave E. Ototoxicity of an association of insecticides compounds containing dichlorvos and cypermethrin in Wistar rats. REVISTA CEFAC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/20222424522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aléxia dos Reis
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Santos A, Gradela A, Faria M. Anatomical and morphometric study of goat middle ear ossicles (Capra aegagrus hircus). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The social and economic roles of goat farming in Northeastern Brazil, allied to the fact that the use of goat middle ear ossicles for research and human ear surgery training has not yet been proposed, justify the study of their applicability as an experimental model. The middle ears of 19 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) from the bone collection of the Laboratory and Didactic Anatomy Museum of Domestic and Wild Animals of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF) were dissected. The malleus, incus, and stapes were evaluated regarding their macroscopic morphology and biometry (length, width, and height). Ossicle morphology was similar to sheep, human, and bovine morphology. The malleus was 1.3 times heavier and 2.2 times longer than the incus, and 9.0 times heavier and 3.7 times longer than the stapes. The size relationship was positive between the stapes and the malleus and negative between the stapes and the incus. It is concluded that the middle ear size and the anatomical similarities with human ossicles make goats a useful model for experimental scientific studies, reconstructive surgery practice of the ossicular chain, and human ear surgery training.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Santos
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - A. Gradela
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
| | - M.D. Faria
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
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Verdoodt D, Peeleman N, Van Camp G, Van Rompaey V, Ponsaerts P. Transduction Efficiency and Immunogenicity of Viral Vectors for Cochlear Gene Therapy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Animal Studies. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:728610. [PMID: 34526880 PMCID: PMC8435788 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.728610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hearing impairment is the most frequent sensory deficit, affecting 466 million people worldwide and has been listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the priority diseases for research into therapeutic interventions to address public health needs. Inner ear gene therapy is a promising approach to restore sensorineural hearing loss, for which several gene therapy applications have been studied and reported in preclinical animal studies. Objective: To perform a systematic review on preclinical studies reporting cochlear gene therapy, with a specific focus on transduction efficiency. Methods: An initial PubMed search was performed on April 1st 2021 using the PRISMA methodology. Preclinical in vivo studies reporting primary data regarding transduction efficiency of gene therapy targeting the inner ear were included in this report. Results: Thirty-six studies were included in this review. Transduction of various cell types in the inner ear can be achieved, according to the viral vector used. However, there is significant variability in the applied vector delivery systems, including promoter, viral vector titer, etc. Conclusion: Although gene therapy presents a promising approach to treat sensorineural hearing loss in preclinical studies, the heterogeneity of methodologies impedes the identification of the most promising tools for future use in inner ear therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Verdoodt
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Noa Peeleman
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Rompaey
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Sex differences in the auditory functions of rodents. Hear Res 2021; 419:108271. [PMID: 34074560 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, it is well known that females have better hearing than males. The mechanism of this influence of sex on auditory function in humans is not well understood. Testing the hypothesis of underlying mechanisms often relies on preclinical research, a field in which sex bias still exists unconsciously. Rodents are popular research models in hearing, thus it is crucial to understand the sex differences in these rodent models when studying health and disease in humans. OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarize the existing sex differences in the auditory functions of rodent species including mouse, rat, Guinea pig, Mongolian gerbil, and chinchilla. In addition, a concise summary of the hearing characteristics and the advantages and the drawbacks of conducting auditory experiments in each rodent species is provided. DESIGNS Manuscripts were identified in PubMed and Ovid Medline for the queries "Rodent", "Sex Characteristics", and "Hearing or Auditory Function". Manuscripts were included if they were original research, written in English, and use rodents. The content of each manuscript was screened for the sex of the rodents and the discussion of sex-based results. CONCLUSIONS The sex differences in auditory function of rodents are prevalent and influenced by multiple factors including physiological mechanisms, sex-based anatomical variations, and stimuli from the external environment. Such differences may play a role in understanding and explaining sex differences in hearing of humans and need to be taken into consideration for developing clinical therapies aim to improve auditory performances.
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Ding N, Lee S, Lieber-Kotz M, Yang J, Gao X. Advances in genome editing for genetic hearing loss. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:118-133. [PMID: 32387678 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, hearing loss affects over 466 million people worldwide and is the most common human sensory impairment. It is estimated that genetic factors contribute to the causation of approximately 50% of congenital hearing loss. Yet, curative approaches to reversing or preventing genetic hearing impairment are still limited. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) systems enable programmable and targeted gene editing in highly versatile manners and offer new gene therapy strategies for genetic hearing loss. Here, we summarize the most common deafness-associated genes, illustrate recent strategies undertaken by using CRISPR-Cas9 systems for targeted gene editing and further compare the CRISPR strategies to non-CRISPR gene therapies. We also examine the merits of different vehicles and delivery forms of genome editing agents. Lastly, we describe the development of animal models that could facilitate the eventual clinical applications of the CRISPR technology to the treatment of genetic hearing diseases.
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Reis AD, Cunha EO, Valle MTC, Machado MS, Dallegrave E. Effects of subchronic inhalation exposure to an organophosphorus insecticide compound containing dichlorvos on wistar rats' otoacoustic emissions. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:28-35. [PMID: 32532628 PMCID: PMC9422611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Considering that previous studies suggest that pesticides may cause hearing disorders in humans, as well as the lack of studies proving the specific mechanisms of injury and the difficulty of separating concomitant etiological factors of the hearing damage, such as noise and vibration, it is important to develop studies using animal models to elucidate the effects of exposure to those substances isolated from other hearing damage etiologies. Objective To evaluate if the exposure to a dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide may induce ototoxicity. Methods 36 male Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups (12 rats/group): control (exposed to water), positive control (treated with cisplatin to induce hearing damage) and experimental (exposed to dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide). The amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the frequencies of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 kHz was evaluated before and after exposure, as well as systemic toxicity signs, body mass gain and plasma cholinesterase. Open field and plus maze tests were performed in 24 rats: experimental (n = 8), control (n = 8) and positive control group (n = 8 introduced new rats to induce anxiolytic activity) to evaluate the locomotor activity and anxiety, respectively. Results There was no significant change in body mass gain and plasma cholinesterase in the dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide group, however, the animals showed transient piloerection, depression and dyspnea during exposure. The behavior was not affected in any group. The frequencies of 8 and 10 kHz were significantly affected bilaterally in the insecticide group, which also showed a significant difference of the control in 10 kHz on the right and 8 and 10 kHz on the left ear. Conclusion Subchronic inhalation exposure to dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide induced ototoxicity in the cochlear function of rats without relevant systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aléxia Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Pesquisa Toxicológica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Oliveira Cunha
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Pesquisa Toxicológica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Tuerlinckx Costa Valle
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Pesquisa Toxicológica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Salgado Machado
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Pesquisa Toxicológica, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Laboratório de Pesquisa Toxicológica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Departamento de Fármaco-ciências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Lafond JF, Tenneson K, Émond F, Foucault C, Vogel S, Boubekeur H. Evaluation of a Model of Long-Term Middle Ear Catheterization for Repeat Infusion Administration and Cochlear Hair Cell Injury in Guinea Pigs. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:586-592. [PMID: 32323618 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320916635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Middle ear administration has numerous applications, including antibiotherapy and gene therapy, and is increasingly used to target the auditory and vestibular systems. In animal studies, investigating repeated exposure that mimics clinical dosing regimens has remained a challenge due to the lack of suitable models. Intratympanic injections are not suitable for long-term studies due to the increased risk related to tympanic membrane rupture or scarring and repeat anesthesia events. Surgical models of middle ear catheterization previously used have not been reliable for longer than 4 weeks, resulted in elevated stress levels, and have been associated with significant changes related to the surgery and/or the presence of the catheter such as local trauma and inflammatory and degenerative processes. These complications cause decreased hearing/deafness and greatly diminish the value and accuracy of ototoxicity studies. We describe here a procedure that permits repeat dosing into the middle ear of guinea pigs and can be used to produce a model of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell injury. The innocuity of the procedures and the efficacy of the ototoxicity model were confirmed using auditory brain stem response assessment, histopathological evaluation, and cytocochleograms. Procedure-related changes were limited to minimal inflammation in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Tenneson
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Susan Vogel
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
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Martonos CO, Damian A, Alexandru G, Viorel M, Rus V, Stan FG. Morphological and morphometrical aspects of intima and media of the common, external and internal iliac arteries in Chinchilla lanigera (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) bred in captivity. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1815876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. O. Martonos
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. Damian
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G. Alexandru
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M. Viorel
- Department of Histology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - V. Rus
- Department of Histology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - F. G. Stan
- Department of Anatomy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Escabi CD, Frye MD, Trevino M, Lobarinas E. The rat animal model for noise-induced hearing loss. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3692. [PMID: 31795685 PMCID: PMC7480078 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rats make excellent models for the study of medical, biological, genetic, and behavioral phenomena given their adaptability, robustness, survivability, and intelligence. The rat's general anatomy and physiology of the auditory system is similar to that observed in humans, and this has led to their use for investigating the effect of noise overexposure on the mammalian auditory system. The current paper provides a review of the rat model for studying noise-induced hearing loss and highlights advancements that have been made using the rat, particularly as these pertain to noise dose and the hazardous effects of different experimental noise types. In addition to the traditional loss of auditory function following acoustic trauma, recent findings have indicated the rat as a useful model in observing alterations in neuronal processing within the central nervous system following noise injury. Furthermore, the rat provides a second animal model when investigating noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, as studies examining this in the rat model resemble the general patterns observed in mice. Together, these findings demonstrate the relevance of this animal model for furthering the authors' understanding of the effects of noise on structural, anatomical, physiological, and perceptual aspects of hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia D Escabi
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Mitchell D Frye
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Monica Trevino
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Edward Lobarinas
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
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12
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Bone conduction hearing in the Guinea pig and the effect of artificially induced middle ear lesions. Hear Res 2019; 379:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Chorath KT, Willis MJ, Morton-Gonzaba N, Humann WJ, Moreira A. Mesenchymal stem cells for sensorineural hearing loss: protocol for a systematic review of preclinical studies. Syst Rev 2019; 8:126. [PMID: 31128597 PMCID: PMC6535185 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common form of hearing impairment and is characterized by a loss of receptor hair cells and/or spiral ganglion neurons. Regenerative stem cell therapy could potentially restore normal hearing and slow the progression of hearing loss in patients. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a promising new therapy for this condition. These findings have prompted investigators to begin human clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of MSCs for the treatment of SNHL. The objective of the proposed systematic review is to examine the efficacy of MSCs as a therapy for SNHL in animal models. METHODS We will include preclinical animal studies of SNHL in which MSCs are administered, and outcomes are compared against MSC-naïve controls. The primary outcome will include audiologic tests that are routinely used in experimental studies of hearing loss, such as auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing (DPOAE). Secondary outcomes will include histology, microscopy, gene protein expression, and behavioral responses of animals. Electronic searches of MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) will be performed. Search results will be screened independently and in duplicate. Data from eligible studies will be extracted, pooled, and analyzed using random effects models. Risk of bias and publication bias will be assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool and Funnel Plots/Egger's regression tests, respectively. DISCUSSION This systematic review will provide a summary of the efficacy of MSC therapy in animal models of SNHL, utilizing functional hearing assessment as a primary outcome. Findings from this review are important because they can elucidate research gaps that should be addressed in future preclinical studies and in turn can be translated into clinical studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CAMARADES ( http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Chorath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7300 Floyd Curl Dr. MC-7812, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Matthew J Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7300 Floyd Curl Dr. MC-7812, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Nicolas Morton-Gonzaba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7300 Floyd Curl Dr. MC-7812, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Walter J Humann
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7300 Floyd Curl Dr. MC-7812, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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