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de Melo Bastos Cavalcante C, Bruno Oliveira K, Maria Araújo de Souza F, Maria Jatobá Hasten Reiter M, Rodrigues Melo da Silva B, Lavínia da Silva Oliveira K, Vinicius Dos Santos Sales M, Larissa Dias Pacheco A, Santos Siqueira E, de Araújo Costa M, Gomes Dos Santos Neto J, Gabriely Duarte Torres R, Catarina R Leite A, Santana de Melo I, Salgueiro Machado S, Duzzioni M, Leite Góes Gitaí D, Wagner de Castro O. Crack cocaine inhalation increases seizure susceptibility by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 156:109832. [PMID: 38761450 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Crack cocaine is a highly addictive and potent stimulant drug. Animal studies have shown that the cholinergic system plays a role in neurotoxicity induced by cocaine or its active metabolites inhalation. Behavioral alterations associated with crack cocaine use include hyperactivity, depressed mood, and decreased seizure threshold. Here we evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, behavioral profile, and the threshold for epileptic seizures in rats that received intrahippocampal pilocarpine (H-PILO) followed by exposure to crack cocaine (H-PILO + CRACK). Animals exposed to H-PILO + CRACK demonstrated increased severity and frequency of limbic seizures. The AChE activity was reduced in the groups exposed to crack cocaine alone (CRACK) and H-PILO + CRACK, whereas levels of ROS remained unchanged. In addition, crack cocaine exposure increased vertical locomotor activity, without changing water and sucrose intake. Short-term memory consolidation remained unchanged after H-PILO, H-PILO + CRACK, and CRACK administration. Overall, our data suggest that crack cocaine inhalation reduced the threshold for epileptic seizures in rats submitted to low doses of pilocarpine through the inhibition of AChE. Taken together, our findings can be useful in the development of effective strategies for preventing and treating the harmful effects of cocaine and crack cocaine on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellysson Bruno Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Araújo de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Rodrigues Melo da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amanda Larissa Dias Pacheco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edite Santos Siqueira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maisa de Araújo Costa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - José Gomes Dos Santos Neto
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Gabriely Duarte Torres
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina R Leite
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Igor Santana de Melo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Sônia Salgueiro Machado
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Science and Health of Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Duncan Z, Ward B, Kippen R, Dietze P, Sutton K. A narrative systematic review of associations and temporality between use of methamphetamine, ecstasy/MDMA, or cocaine with anxiety or depressive symptoms. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107988. [PMID: 38394960 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental health problems in people who use illicit stimulants. Improved understanding of the temporal relationship between methamphetamine, ecstasy/MDMA, or cocaine use with anxiety or depression informs public health interventions and treatment options for those experiencing this co-occurrence. This narrative systematic review sought to examine associations and temporality between the use of methamphetamine, ecstasy/MDMA, or cocaine, with anxiety or depressive symptoms. Method Systematic searches of 4 electronic databases were conducted up to August 2023. Study eligibility included the measurement of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, and frequency of illicit stimulant use (methamphetamine, cocaine, or ecstasy/MDMA) at two separate time points, with data analysis of the association between these variables. The Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist was utilised to assess quality. Data was extracted, and a narrative synthesis incorporating an eight-criteria framework to assess associations was conducted. Results 4432 studies were screened for eligibility; 11 studies (3 RCTs and 8 prospective cohort studies) were included. Evidence for an association between depressive symptoms and methamphetamine use was demonstrated in six studies, with temporal evidence in three studies supporting methamphetamine use preceding depressive symptoms. Three studies reported an association between cocaine use and depressive symptoms. Evidence for associations with any of the illicit stimulants and anxiety symptoms was lacking. CONCLUSIONS There was some evidence to support a case for temporality, particularly for methamphetamine use and depressive symptoms. Investing in longitudinal studies is pivotal to understanding the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between illicit stimulant use and anxiety or depressive symptoms. A limitation of the study was the variation in the measurement and analysis of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Duncan
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Bernadette Ward
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kippen
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Behaviours and Health Risks Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith Sutton
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jones M, Seel CJ, Dymond S. Electronic-Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (e-SBIRT) for Addictive Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024:29767342241248926. [PMID: 38756012 DOI: 10.1177/29767342241248926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addictive disorders are significant global public health burdens. Treatment uptake with these disorders is low and outcomes can be mixed. Electronic screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (e-SBIRT) programs have potential to improve uptake and treatment outcomes. To date, however, no prior review of the literature has been conducted to gauge the effectiveness of e-SBIRT for addictive disorders. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature concerning e-SBIRT for addictive disorders by surveying the MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and PsycInfo databases on January 17, 2023. RESULTS Ten articles were included at analysis reporting evaluation of e-SBIRT interventions for substance use disorders including alcohol use in a variety of settings. No articles were identified regarding treatment for behavioral addictions such as disordered/harmful gambling. Meta-analysis found e-SBIRT to be effective at reducing drinking frequency in the short term only. e-SBIRT was not found to be advantageous over control conditions for abstinence or other treatment outcomes. We identified and described common components of e-SBIRT programs and assessed the quality of available evidence, which was generally poor. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that research regarding e-SBIRT is concentrated exclusively on higher-risk substance use. There is a lack of consensus regarding the effectiveness of e-SBIRT for addictive disorders. Although common features exist, e-SBIRT designs are variable, which complicates identification of the most effective components. Overall, the quality of outcome evidence is low, and furthermore, high-quality experimental treatment evaluation research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jones
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Simon Dymond
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Bratu ML, Sandesc D, Anghel T, Tudor R, Shaaban L, Ali A, Toma AO, Bratosin F, Turcu I, Gantsa A, Fericean RM, Bondrescu M, Barata PI. Evaluating the Aspects of Quality of Life in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review Based on the WHOQOL Questionnaire. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:4265-4278. [PMID: 38164463 PMCID: PMC10758186 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s440764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has become a significant public health concern and it profoundly impacts an individual's quality of life (QOL). This systematic review aimed to assess the QOL among patients with SUD, and to understand the differential impact of SUD on physical, mental, social, and environmental QOL domains, considering a variety of substances and identifying key factors that influence these outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus in January 2023, covering literature published until December 2022. The QOL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) instrument and the brief version of the WHOQOL, identifying the same four domains of QOL (physical, mental, social, and environmental). A total of 19 studies were selected for inclusion in the systematic review, based on individuals' polysubstance use, and excluding those using only nicotine or alcohol. The analysis included 6079 patients, with only 40.3% women, and a mean age of 36.6 years. The substances most commonly involved in SUD were cocaine (47.1%), alcohol (46.3%), and amphetamine (43.6%), considering most individuals being polysubstance users. The highest variability in QOL scores was observed in the physical domain. Mental disorders were reported in 68.3% of the patients, while long-term use of drugs, criminal history, unemployment, and low levels of education were identified as significant predictors for lower QOL by some of the studies. Similarly, sleep problems and teeth decay were also identified as significant worsening factors for QOL. This systematic review highlights that the WHOQOL survey is widely accepted and applicable for individuals with SUD worldwide. The results suggest a substantial negative impact of SUD on the QOL of affected individuals. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive interventions to address the physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions of QOL among individuals with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Lavinia Bratu
- Center for Neuropsychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, Department of Neurosciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorel Sandesc
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Teodora Anghel
- Center for Neuropsychology and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Tudor
- Second Discipline of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luai Shaaban
- Faculty of General Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayesha Ali
- Bhaskar Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Ana-Olivia Toma
- Discipline of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Izabela Turcu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Gantsa
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Roxana Manuela Fericean
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mariana Bondrescu
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paula Irina Barata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University, Arad, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Miller-Roenigk B, Wheeler P, Hargons C, Stevens-Watkins D. Race-Related and Mental Health Factors of Powder Cocaine Use Among Black Incarcerated Men. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36651840 PMCID: PMC10352460 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2167143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Incarceration disproportionately impacts Black men in the United States, which can have compounding effects on mental health and substance use among this population. Cocaine use, in particular, carries higher severity of dependence and overdose risks among Black Americans, though research examining cocaine use correlates among Black incarcerated men is limited. The present study examines race-related and mental health correlates of powder cocaine use among a sample of incarcerated Black men (n = 208) using the General Strain Theory. Specifically, the present study was a secondary analysis examining race-related stress, psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression), and stigma about receiving psychological help as correlates of lifetime powder cocaine use. Results indicated that the likelihood of lifetime powder cocaine use was higher among those reporting lifetime psychological distress and greater race-related stress. Stigma about receiving psychological help was not significantly associated with lifetime powder cocaine use among this sample. Results of this study have important implications for substance use treatment interventions. Identifying adaptive coping strategies to manage anxiety and depression symptoms and race-related stress among incarcerated Black men may help reduce rates of cocaine use among this population and increase successful reintegration into the community post-incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Miller-Roenigk
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paris Wheeler
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Candice Hargons
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Du Plessis JM, Poggenpoel M, Myburgh C, Temane A. Family members' lived experiences of non-compliance to psychiatric medication given to female adults living with depression. Curationis 2021; 44:e1-e9. [PMID: 33567850 PMCID: PMC7876956 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v44i1.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family members face the burden of adult females living with depression who do not comply with psychiatric medication. Discomfort, tension, anxiety, frustration, and related feelings of hopelessness and dysfunction were identified by family members. There have also been records of financial problems, physical ill-health, limitations on social and recreational opportunities and a general deterioration in their quality of life. There is a shortage of published literature and information on the reasons for non-compliance to psychiatric medications. The existing body of information needs to be strengthened and future approaches encouraged. The study aimed to improve compliance of adult females dealing with depression to psychiatric medical treatment and the effect it has on family members caring for adult females living with depression. OBJECTIVES To describe family members' lived experiences of non-compliance to psychiatric medication by adult females living with depression. METHOD A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study design was used. A purposive sample of family members aged between 20 and 45 years was made. Data were collected by conducting eight in-depth, phenomenological interviews, and field notes were taken. The interviews focused on the central question: 'Tell me your experiences of living with your wife, mother, sister and daughter living with depression and not taking their medication as ordered by the doctor?' Tesch's method for data analysis was used, and an independent coder analysed the data and met with the researcher for a consensus discussion of the results. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were applied and ethical principles were adhered to. RESULTS The three themes identified were: experienced psycho-social effects, experienced treatment refusal and experienced challenges in caring for adult females living with depression who are non-compliant to psychiatric medication. As a result, the absence of social help, disturbance of family working, shame, separation and troublesome conduct of the adult females who are non-compliant to psychiatric medication developed as principal subjects. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that family members experienced debilitation because they needed information about their relatives living with depression who are non-compliant to psychiatric medication. More information about the management of non-compliance of psychiatric medication was needed; a comprehensive awareness of the ramifications of the findings, treatment and care are required from mental health care professionals and service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Du Plessis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg.
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Carvalho LDF, Rodrigues LA, Pandossio JE, Gallassi AD. Análise Crítica Sobre Medicamentos Prescritos para o Uso Problemático de Crack. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e372515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Estudo de abordagem descritiva, exploratória e retrospectiva que analisou prontuários de pacientes em tratamento pelo uso problemático de crack. Foram levantadas as prescrições, as interações medicamentosas e o perfil sociodemográfico destes pacientes. Foram feitas revisões de literaturas narrativas para verificar quais medicamentos apresentam maiores potenciais terapêuticos e para caracterizar o perfil dos usuários; dados dos prontuários e da literatura foram triangulados. Os resultados sugerem que os medicamentos utilizados no tratamento do uso problemático de crack são limitados, os medicamentos utilizados na prática não possuem evidências de eficácia, há interações relevantes nas prescrições e o perfil sociodemográfico desses usuários é semelhante com a literatura. Estudos adicionais são desejáveis para buscar um tratamento medicamentoso eficaz para o uso problemático de crack.
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Kazan Kızılkurt O, Yılmaz A, Noyan CO, Dilbaz N. Health anxiety during the early phases of COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey and its relationship with postpandemic attitudes, hopelessness, and psychological resilience. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:399-407. [PMID: 33073870 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate health anxiety-related factors in the early stages of pandemic in Turkey. DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 1046 participants who responded to the online survey anonymously between 28 March and 04 April 2020. FINDINGS Demographic data, postpandemic attitudes towards the elderly and precaution-taking behaviors were health anxiety-related factors. The main predictors of the health anxiety were the level of hopelessness, perception of self, time spent on social media, and following COVID-19 pandemic-related news. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results of this study are important in terms of understanding the health anxiety during the pandemic and providing data support for the proper interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kazan Kızılkurt
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemal Onur Noyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Dilbaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Neuropsychiatry Hospital, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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du Plessis JM, Poggenpoel M, Myburgh C, Temane A. Family members’ lived experiences of non-compliance to psychiatric medication given to female adults living with depression. Curationis 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v43i1.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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10
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Ramirez V, Wiers CE, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Personality traits in substance use disorders and obesity when compared to healthy controls. Addiction 2020; 115:2130-2139. [PMID: 32350970 DOI: 10.1111/add.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although personality traits are implicated in substance use disorders (SUDs) and obesity, differences and similarities between them have not been assessed. Our main aim was to compare personality traits between people with different SUDs, obese people and healthy controls. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of personality scores obtained from participants in neuroimaging studies from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS/CASES Individuals with obesity (OB) n = 41, alcohol use disorder (AUD) n = 39, marijuana use disorder (MUD) n = 24, cocaine use disorder (CUD) n = 100, and healthy controls (HC) n = 117 (237 males and 84 females). MEASUREMENTS The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, which characterizes positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM) and constraint (CON) traits. Adjusted covariates included cigarette smoking status, age, gender and body mass index (BMI). FINDINGS Multivariate analysis of covariance showed a main group effect (i.e. OB, AUD, MUD, CUD and HC) only on NEM (P < 0.0001, η2 = 0.17) and CON (P = 0.005, η2 = 0.12). Specifically, NEM was higher in AUD (P < 0.0001, d = 10.4), CUD (P < 0.0001, d = 8.2) and MUD (P = 0.001, d = 9.2), but not in OB (P > 0.05, d = 2.8) relative to HC. CUD showed lower CON (P = 0.015, d = 5.4) and PEM (P = 0.018, d = 4.8) than HC; however, these differences were not significant in the other groups. NEM and CON were negatively correlated for groups combined (r = -0.26, P < 0.0001), and separately for OB (r = -0.49, P = 0.001) and CUD (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). Cigarette smoking status did not influence group differences in NEM, PEM or CON. CONCLUSIONS Compared with healthy controls, people with substance use disorders appear to show higher negative emotionality, and people with cocaine use disorders appear to show lower positive emotionality and constraint traits. Similar findings were not found among people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ramirez
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liu Y, Ball JD, Elliott AL, Jacobs-Elliott M, Nicolette G. Diagnostic sequence of cocaine use disorder in relation to other mental health conditions among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:575-578. [PMID: 30908134 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1583657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Cocaine use is increasing. Comorbidities and diagnostic sequencing are needed among college students to inform treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD). Method: Using electronic medical records from the psychiatric clinic at the student health care center of a large, public university from 2005 to 2015, patients diagnosed with CUD were identified. Their top mental health conditions were identified and assessed to see whether the first diagnosis of these conditions was made (1) before, (2) at the same time as, or (3) after the first diagnosis of CUD. Results: Among the 50 CUD patients, their most common mental health comorbidities were alcohol use disorder, anxiety, depression, and cannabis use disorder. Anxiety and depression were likely to be diagnosed before CUD; alcohol and cannabis use disorders were likely to be diagnosed concurrently with CUD. Conclusion: Diagnostic sequencing can be used to inform screening, workup, and treatment for patients with CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jacob D Ball
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amy L Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Jacobs-Elliott
- Office for Diversity and Health Equity, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Student Health Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Guy Nicolette
- Student Health Care Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Rosário BDA, de Nazaré MDFS, Estadella D, Ribeiro DA, Viana MDB. Behavioral and neurobiological alterations induced by chronic use of crack cocaine. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:59-75. [PMID: 31129656 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crack cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine and can be smoked, and rapidly absorbed, and, in part for this reason, is potently addictive. It is hypothesized that crack cocaine is able to induce important changes in different tissues and organs, and thus dramatically alter behavior. Nevertheless, which alterations in the central nervous system are related to its frequent use is still a matter of discussion. The present study is a literature review of articles published between the years 2008 and 2018 on the theme 'crack cocaine and brain' available in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar databases. The results show that the use of crack cocaine induces important behavioral, neuroanatomical, and biochemical alterations. The main behavioral sequelae include cognitive and emotional changes, such as increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, attention and memory deficits, and hyperactivity. Among the neurobiological alterations are reductions in the activity of the prefrontal, anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Molecular changes include decreases in neurotrophic factors and increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which may be responsible for the morphological alterations observed. It is also hypothesized that these neurobiological changes might explain the emotional and cognitive dysfunctions experienced by crack cocaine addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Dos Anjos Rosário
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim, 136, 11015-20 Santos SP, Brazil, e-mail:
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Lemes AG, Nascimento VFD, Rocha EMD, Almeida MASO, Volpato RJ, Luis MAV. Terapia Comunitária como cuidado complementar a usuários de drogas e suas contribuições sobre a ansiedade e a depressão. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2019-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo avaliar as contribuições da Terapia Comunitária sobre a ansiedade e a depressão entre usuários de drogas psicoativas. Métodos estudo quase-experimental, realizado com 21 homens residentes em três instituições de saúde mental voltadas à recuperação da dependência química, submetidos a seis rodas de terapia comunitária como processo de intervenção em 2018. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três etapas a partir do uso de um questionário semiestruturado e dois inventários de ansiedade e depressão de Beck. Utilizou-se método estatístico não-paramétricos na comparação dos resultados. Resultados a depressão esteve presente entre 76% dos usuários e a ansiedade entre 48%. Dentre os participantes das rodas, houve uma redução nos níveis de depressão durante e após o processo de intervenção (p=0,016; p=0,004) quando comparado ao estado inicial e para manter a média dos escores de ansiedade no T1 e T2 (9,90; 9,95) se comparado ao T0 (13,10). Conclusão e implicações para a prática o uso da terapia comunitária demonstrou resultados positivos sobre a ansiedade e a depressão, sendo então considerada uma importante ferramenta de cuidado em saúde mental a ser utilizada por enfermeiros, com vistas a ampliar o seu cuidado as pessoas em situação de dependência química, contribuindo ainda para adesão ao tratamento.
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Zapata JP, García J, Arroyave CA, Calderón JD, Gómez JM, Buitrago DJ, Aparicio A, Aguirre DC. Validation of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) for patients in a clinical population of Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2019; 39:385-404. [PMID: 31529824 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) is recommended for identifying the needs of addicted patients and assessing the effectiveness of a program. Objective: To develop a version of the ASI-6 suitable for Colombia and trans-linguistically and trans-culturally equivalent to the original. Additionally, this study also sought to assess the reliability and construct validity of the resulting version. Materials and methods: The study included Colombian adults with harmful substance use or dependence syndrome who were being treated at drug addiction centers. The original English version underwent a cultural adaptation process. The scale was translated and back-translated to assess its equivalence. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and interrater and test-retest reliability. The convergent aspect of the construct validity was assessed via the correlation of the instrument with other scales measuring similar underlying constructs. Results: We found an adequate internal consistency for the subscales of the ASI-6 for its Cronbach´s alpha coefficient was above 0.7 with the exception of the social problems subscale (α=0.66). In addition, interrater and test-retest reliability was high, since their intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was above 0.7 for all the subscales. Construct validity was demonstrated by a Spearman correlation coefficient ranging from 0.53 to 0.88 between the ASI-6 subscales and other similar scales. Conclusion: The version of the ASI-6 adapted to the Colombian context was found to have good reliability and validity, thus it can be introduced into clinical practice. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate its responsiveness and structural validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Zapata
- Grupo Académico de Epidemiología Clínica, GRAEPIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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