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Karimi-Sales E, Jeddi S, Alipour MR. trans-Chalcone inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 and connective tissue growth factor-dependent collagen expression in the heart of high-fat diet-fed rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1221-1224. [PMID: 32407146 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1764045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. This study, for the first time, explored the effects of trans-chalcone on cardiac expressions of myocardial fibrosis-related genes, including transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), and collagen type I.Materials and methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, received 10% tween 80; chalcone, received trans-chalcone; HFD, received high-fat diet (HFD) and 10% tween 80; HFD + chalcone, received HFD and trans-chalcone, by once-daily gavage for 6 weeks. Finally, cardiac expression levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, and collagen type I were determined.Results: HFD feeding increased mRNA levels of collagen type I, TGF-β1, and CTGF in the heart of rats. However, trans-chalcone inhibited HFD-induced changes.Conclusions: trans-Chalcone can act as a cardioprotective compound by inhibiting TGF-β1 and CTGF-dependent stimulation of collagen type I synthesis in the heart of HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi-Sales
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Koniari I, Velissaris D, Kounis NG, Koufou E, Artopoulou E, de Gregorio C, Mplani V, Paraskevas T, Tsigkas G, Hung MY, Plotas P, Lambadiari V, Ikonomidis I. Anti-Diabetic Therapy, Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress: An Update. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4660. [PMID: 36012897 PMCID: PMC9409680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are two chronic disorders that affect millions worldwide. Hyperglycemia can induce excessive generation of highly reactive free radicals that promote oxidative stress and further exacerbate diabetes progression and its complications. Vascular dysfunction and damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids can stem from overproduction and/or insufficient removal of free radicals. The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the use of antidiabetic drugs and their role in glycemic control in patients with heart failure and oxidative stress. Metformin exerts a minor benefit to these patients. Thiazolidinediones are not recommended in diabetic patients, as they increase the risk of HF. There is a lack of robust evidence on the use of meglinitides and acarbose. Insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may have a neutral cardiovascular effect on diabetic patients. The majority of current research focuses on sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. SGLT2 inhibitors induce positive cardiovascular effects in diabetic patients, leading to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization. GLP-1 receptor agonists may also be used in HF patients, but in the case of chronic kidney disease, SLGT2 inhibitors should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Koniari
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Dimitrios Velissaris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Nicholas G. Kounis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Koufou
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Artopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Cesare de Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Medical School, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Virginia Mplani
- Intensive Care Unit, Patras University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Grigorios Tsigkas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Laboratory Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Second Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Choi HY, Ruel I, Genest J. Identification of Docetaxel as a Potential Drug to Promote HDL Biogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679456. [PMID: 34093205 PMCID: PMC8176524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our recent studies showed that desmocollin 1 (DSC1) binds to apoA-I in order to inhibit apoA-I-mediated high density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques. To promote HDL biogenesis in the plaque, here we search for small molecules that block apoA-I-DSC1 interactions. Approach and Results: We combined mutational and computational mapping methods to show that amino acid residues 442-539 in the mature DSC1 protein form an apoA-I binding site (AIBS). Using a crystal structure of the AIBS, we carried out virtual screening of 10 million small molecules to estimate their binding affinities to the AIBS, followed by the selection of 51 high-affinity binding molecules as potential inhibitors of apoA-I-DSC1 interactions. Among the 51, the chemotherapy drug docetaxel showed the highest potency in promoting apoA-I-mediated HDL biogenesis in primary human skin fibroblasts with the half-maximal effective concentration of 0.72 nM. In silico docking studies suggest that the taxane ring in docetaxel binds to the AIBS and that the carbon-13 sidechain of the taxane tightens/stabilizes the binding. The HDL biogenic effect of docetaxel was also observed in two predominant cell types in atherosclerosis, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Importantly, docetaxel promoted HDL biogenesis at concentrations much lower than those required for inducing cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Determination of the AIBS in DSC1 and AIBS structure-based virtual screening allowed us to identify docetaxel as a strong HDL biogenic agent. With the remarkable potency in promoting HDL biogenesis, a chemotherapy drug docetaxel may be repurposed to enhance atheroprotective HDL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ebrahim-Habibi A, Kashani-Amin E, Larijani B. Modeling and simulation in medical sciences: an overview of specific applications based on research experience in EMRI (Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences). J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021:1-7. [PMID: 33500880 PMCID: PMC7821172 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The concomitant use of various types of models (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) has been exemplified here within the context of biomedical researches performed in the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Two main research aeras have been discussed: the search for new small molecules as therapeutics for diabetes and related metabolic conditions, and diseases related to protein aggregation. Due to their multidisciplinary nature, the majority of these studies have needed the collaboration of different specialties. In both cases, a brief overview of the subject is provided through literature examples, and sequential use of these methods is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kashani-Amin
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EH, Salem SH, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM. Flavonoids-mediated SIRT1 signaling activation in hepatic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 259:118173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alipour MR, Jeddi S, Karimi-Sales E. trans-Chalcone inhibits high-fat diet-induced disturbances in FXR/SREBP-1c/FAS and FXR/Smad-3 pathways in the kidney of rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13476. [PMID: 32944984 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) intake is linked to chronic kidney disease. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) controls the renal lipid metabolism and fibrosis. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the possible impacts of trans-chalcone on HFD-induced changes in renal lipid metabolism and Smad-3 expression through the regulation of FXR expression. To this aim, 28 rats were randomly divided into control, chalcone, HFD, and HFD + chalcone groups. At the end of treatments, renal FXR, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), Smad-3, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression levels were assayed. Moreover, insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated. trans-Chalcone significantly inhibited HFD-induced reduction of insulin sensitivity. Moreover, HFD decreased the FXR expression, and trans-chalcone reversed this change. trans-Chalcone also inhibited HFD-induced increases in expression levels of SREBP-1c, FAS, Smad-3, and NGAL. Therefore, trans-chalcone, as a renoprotective agent, inhibits HFD-induced disturbances in FXR/SREBP-1c/FAS and FXR/Smad-3 pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome, two health concerns with increasing prevalence, are known as important risk factors for chronic kidney disease. The current study indicated the preventive effect of trans-chalcone administration on HFD-induced disturbances in renal FXR/SREBP-1c/FAS and FXR/Smad-3 pathways. According to these results, trans-chalcone can be regarded as a renoprotective functional food component that can protect individuals with metabolic syndrome against chronic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Karimi-Sales
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Unsal V, Deveci K, Ozmen ZC, Tumer MK. Research on the effects of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in high-fructose corn syrup-fed rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-05-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The debate on the metabolic effects of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) continues. The deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is called ER stress. Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP-78) and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) are key markers of ER stress and the therapeutic targets of diseases. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is the most important transcription factor that regulates the expression of enzymes for fatty acid synthesis. The purpose of this paper is to research the effects of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone on ER stress and oxidative stress parameters, and to explore the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone molecules.
Design/methodology/approach
Forty male wistar albino rats randomly selected were divided into five groups. All groups are fed with standard chow (ad libitum). While Group I was fed with drinking water, Group II, III, IV and V were fed with water containing 15% HFCS. L-carnitine was given to Group IV and trans-chalcone to Group V, and both were dissolved with DMSO and given intraperitoneally. Group III was not given anything additional.
Findings
While the amount of water consumption of HFCS-fed rats has increased, the amount of feed consumption has decreased. The weights of rats in Group II and Group III have increased significantly compared to Group I (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). In Group III, GRP78, XBP-1; malondialdehyde level (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.041); total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL levels (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.001, respectively) have increased significantly.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first report to show that excessive HFCS consumption causes oxidative stress and ER stress. The antioxidant and antiobesity properties of trans chalcone have been demonstrated. Extensive experimental and clinical studies should be conducted.
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Karimi-Sales E, Alipour MR, Naderi R, Hosseinzadeh E, Ghiasi R. Protective Effect of Trans-chalcone Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Is Associated with Changes in miR-146a And pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Male Rats. Inflammation 2020; 42:2048-2055. [PMID: 31473901 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of non-communicable inflammatory diseases including pulmonary disorders. Trans-chalcone is a chalcone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of this natural compound and molecular mechanism of its effect on HFD-induced pulmonary inflammation. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four main groups (n = 7 per each group): control, receiving 10% tween 80; Chal, receiving trans-chalcone, HFD, receiving a high-fat emulsion and 10% tween 80; HFD + Chal, receiving a high-fat emulsion and trans-chalcone. After 6 weeks, the lungs were dissected, and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and miR-146a were determined using real-time PCR. Moreover, histological analysis was done by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Significant elevations in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and miR-146a expression levels (P < 0.001) were observed within the lungs of HFD-fed rats compared with the control. However, oral administration of trans-chalcone reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 (P < 0.001), and miR-146a (P < 0.05) expression levels and also improved HFD-induced histological abnormalities. These findings indicate that trans-chalcone ameliorates lung inflammatory response and structural alterations. It seems that this beneficial effect is associated with the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miR-146a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi-Sales
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Department of Physiology, Urmia Faculty of Medical Science, Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rafigheh Ghiasi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yahaghi L, Yaghmaei P, Hayati-Roodbari N, Irani S, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Betanin effect on PPAR-α and SREBP-1c expression in NMRI mice model of steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Physiol Int 2020; 107:67-81. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPurposeBetanin is a betacyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities whose effects were investigated in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model.Main methodsNinety-six male naval medical research institute (NMRI) mice were divided into eight groups (n = 12) including normal control, high fat diet (HFD), Sham, and positive control treated with trans-chalcone. Three experimental groups were treated with 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg betanin, and a betanin protective group was also defined.ResultsFour weeks of HFD treatment resulted in steatohepatitis with associated fibrosis. Significant increase was observed in serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, leptin, liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), furthermore insulin resistance and (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) SREBP-1c were detected. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) considerably decreased. Treatment by betanin, particularly the 20 mg/kg dosage, attenuated these changes.ConclusionBetanin is a potential treating agent of steatohepatitis and works through up-regulation of PPAR-α, down-regulation of SREBP-1c, modification of adipokine levels and modulation of lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Yahaghi
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Hayati-Roodbari
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Irani
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Ebrahim-Habibi
- 2Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 3Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Therapeutic effect of treatment with metformin and/or 4-hydroxychalcone in male Wistar rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Karimi-Sales E, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Alipour MR. Preventive effect of trans-chalcone on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Improvement of hepatic lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1306-1312. [PMID: 30551380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory and progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, there are no FDA-approved drugs for this condition. Lipids accumulated in NASH have a direct role in the progression of this disease. Therefore, this study for the first time explored the preventive effect of trans-chalcone on NASH through the modulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, hepatic fatty acid synthesis (FAS) enzyme, proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ2 levels, which are involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In this study, male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7): Control, received 10% tween 80; NASH, received 10% tween 80 and 10 ml/kg high-fat emulsion (high-fat diet, HFD); and NASH + TC, received 20 mg/kg trans-chalcone and 10 ml/kg HFD. All treatments were performed by once-daily oral gavage for 6 weeks. Liver and blood samples were collected and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, as well as hepatic levels of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, FAS, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ2, were measured. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin stained tissues were used for histological analysis. In this study, treatment of HFD-fed rats with trans-chalcone significantly reduced abnormalities in liver histology, serum levels of liver injury markers, liver index, and hepatic levels of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, FAS, and PPAR-γ2. Furthermore, trans-chalcone significantly increased hepatic PPARα levels in these rats. Therefore, it seems that trans-chalcone protects the liver of HFD-fed rats against NASH development through reduction of SREBP-1c/ FAS- and PPAR-γ2-related lipogenesis, attenuation of SREBP-2-related cholesterol synthesis, and elevation of PPARα-related fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi-Sales
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Fattori V, Zaninelli TH, Badaro-Garcia S, Borghi SM, Carvalho TT, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Trans-Chalcone Attenuates Pain and Inflammation in Experimental Acute Gout Arthritis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1123. [PMID: 30333752 PMCID: PMC6176465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gouty arthritis is characterized by an intense inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals (MSU), which induces severe pain and reduction in the life quality of patients. Trans-Chalcone (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) is a flavonoid precursor presenting biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effects of trans-Chalcone in experimental gout arthritis in mice. Mice were treated with trans-Chalcone (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg, per oral) or vehicle (Tween 80 20% plus saline) 30 min before intra-articular injection of MSU (100 μg/knee joint, intra-articular). We observed that trans-Chalcone inhibited MSU-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, edema, and leukocyte recruitment (total leukocytes, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells) in a dose-dependent manner. Trans-Chalcone also decreased inflammatory cell recruitment as observed in Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and the intensity of fluorescence of LysM-eGFP+ cells in the confocal microscopy. Trans-Chalcone reduced MSU-induced oxidative stress as observed by an increase in the antioxidant defense [Glutathione (GSH), Ferric Reducing (FRAP), and 2,2’-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid (ABTS assays)] and reduction in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production [superoxide anion (NBT assay) and nitrite (NO assay)]. Furthermore, it reduced in vivo MSU-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 production, and increased Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production. Importantly, trans-Chalcone reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and thereby the mRNA expression of the inflammasome components Nlrp3 (cryopyrin), Asc (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), Pro-caspase-1 and Pro-IL-1β. In vitro, trans-Chalcone reduced the MSU-induced release of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages. Therefore, the pharmacological effects of trans-Chalcone indicate its therapeutic potential as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory flavonoid for the treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji W Ruiz-Miyazawa
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio M Borghi
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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14
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Karimi-Sales E, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Chalcones as putative hepatoprotective agents: Preclinical evidence and molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:177-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Lima FB. How challenging is to establish parameters good enough to assess the repercussions of trials to fight obesity. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2015; 59:197-198. [PMID: 26154084 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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