1
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Maki KA, Goodyke MP, Rasmussen K, Bronas UG. An Integrative Literature Review of Heart Rate Variability Measures to Determine Autonomic Nervous System Responsiveness Using Pharmacological Manipulation. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 39:58-78. [PMID: 37249528 PMCID: PMC10684820 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the difference in the timing of intervals between successive heartbeats and is used as a surrogate measure to the responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system. A review and synthesis of HRV as an indicator of autonomic nervous system responsiveness to pharmacologic stimulation/blockade of sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nervous system branches have not been completed. PURPOSE The aim of this integrative review is to synthesize research examining pharmacological modulation of the autonomic nervous system and the response of time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear measures of HRV. CONCLUSIONS Sympathetic nervous system blockade resulted in a consistent decrease in the standard deviation of normal-normal interval metric across studies. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system was associated with an increase in several time, frequency, and nonlinear HRV indices, whereas blockade of the parasympathetic nervous system led to a decrease in similar indices. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Recommendations to improve the reproducibility of future HRV research are provided for standardization of recording, analysis, and metric decisions and more thorough reporting of HRV indices in published studies. Alterations in autonomic nervous system input to the cardiovascular system are associated with an increased risk for adverse patient outcomes and increased mortality; therefore, understanding the influence of pharmacologic autonomic nervous system modulation on HRV indices and important considerations for reproducible HRV research design will inform future translational research on cardiovascular risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Madison P. Goodyke
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Kendra Rasmussen
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Nursing Department, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Ulf G. Bronas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, Chicago, IL, 60612
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2
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Švorc P, Grešová S, Švorc P. Heart rate variability in male rats. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15827. [PMID: 37735345 PMCID: PMC10514026 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and any changes in sympathetic or parasympathetic activity also have an impact on myocardial activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a readily available metric used to assess heart rate control by the autonomic nervous system. HRV can provide information about neural (parasympathetic, sympathetic, reflex) and humoral (hormones, thermoregulation) control of myocardial activity. Because there are no relevant reference values for HRV parameters in rats in the scientific literature, all experimental results are only interpreted on the basis of changes from currently measured control or baseline HRV values, which are, however, significantly different in individual studies. Considering the significant variability of published HRV data, the present study focused primarily on comparing control or baseline HRV values under different conditions in in vivo experiments involving rats. The aim of the study was therefore to assess whether there are differences in the starting values before the experiment itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Švorc
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of MedicineOstrava UniversityOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Soňa Grešová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity PJ SafarikaKosiceSlovak Republic
| | - Pavol Švorc
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of MedicineOstrava UniversityOstravaCzech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity PJ SafarikaKosiceSlovak Republic
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3
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Rahman MM, Albeverio S, Kagawa T, Kawasaki S, Okai T, Oya H, Yahagi Y, Yoshida MW. High accuracy distinction of shockable and non-shockable arrhythmias in abnormal classes through wavelet transform with pseudo differential like operators. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9513. [PMID: 37308508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of the heart which leads to sudden death. Among these arrhythmias, some are shockable, and some are non-shockable arrhythmias with external defibrillation. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is used as the automated arrhythmia diagnosis system and requires an accurate and rapid decision to increase the survival rate. Therefore, a precise and quick decision by the AED has become essential in improving the survival rate. This paper presents an arrhythmia diagnosis system for the AED by engineering methods and generalized function theories. In the arrhythmia diagnosis system, the proposed wavelet transform with pseudo-differential like operators-based method effectively generates a distinguishable scalogram for the shockable and non-shockable arrhythmia in the abnormal class signals, which leads to the decision algorithm getting the best distinction. Then, a new quality parameter is introduced to get more details by quantizing the statistical features on the scalogram. Finally, design a simple AED shock and non-shock advice method by following this information to improve the precision and rapid decision. Here, an adequate topology (metric function) is adopted to the space of the scatter plot, where we can give different scales to select the best area of the scatter plot for the test sample. As a consequence, the proposed decision method gives the highest accuracy and rapid decision between shockable and non-shockable arrhythmias. The proposed arrhythmia diagnosis system increases the accuracy to 97.98%, with a gain of 11.75% compared to the conventional approach in the abnormal class signals. Therefore, the proposed method contributes an additional 11.75% possibility for increasing the survival rate. The proposed arrhythmia diagnosis system is general and could be applied to distinguish different arrhythmia-based applications. Also, each contribution could be used independently in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masudur Rahman
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Sergio Albeverio
- Inst. Angewandte Mathematik, and HCM, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Toshinao Kagawa
- School of General Education and Management Studies, Suwa University of Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okai
- Faculty of Information Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Oya
- Faculty of Information Engineering, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Yahagi
- Department of Information Systems, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru W Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan
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4
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Ripplinger CM, Glukhov AV, Kay MW, Boukens BJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Delisle BP, Fabritz L, Hund TJ, Knollmann BC, Li N, Murray KT, Poelzing S, Quinn TA, Remme CA, Rentschler SL, Rose RA, Posnack NG. Guidelines for assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias in small animals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1137-H1166. [PMID: 36269644 PMCID: PMC9678409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in cell-based models, including human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), are contributing to our understanding of electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms, preclinical animal studies of cardiovascular disease remain a mainstay. Over the past several decades, animal models of cardiovascular disease have advanced our understanding of pathological remodeling, arrhythmia mechanisms, and drug effects and have led to major improvements in pacing and defibrillation therapies. There exist a variety of methodological approaches for the assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and a plethora of parameters may be assessed with each approach. This guidelines article will provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of several common techniques used to assess electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms at the whole animal, whole heart, and tissue level with a focus on small animal models. We also define key electrophysiological parameters that should be assessed, along with their physiological underpinnings, and the best methods with which to assess these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department Physiology, University Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf with DZHK Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Virginia Tech Carilon School of Medicine, Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikki G Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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5
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Bangsumruaj J, Kijtawornrat A, Kalandakanond-Thongsong S. Effects of Chronic Mild Stress on Cardiac Autonomic Activity, Cardiac Structure and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Male Rats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:539. [PMID: 36288152 PMCID: PMC9611573 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is associated with cardiovascular disease. One accepted mechanism is autonomic imbalance. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) on cardiac autonomic control, cardiac structure and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The CMS model provides a more realistic simulation of daily stress. The animals were divided into control and CMS, and were exposed to 4-week mild stressors. The electrocardiogram recording, sucrose intake and parameters related to stress, cardiac alterations and RAAS were determined. The results showed that CMS had lower body weight and higher sucrose intake. The heart rate variability (HRV) revealed that CMS increased autonomic activity without affecting its balance. The increased RAAS activity with upregulated angiotensin type 1 receptor mRNA expression was shown in CMS. The increased sympathetic activity or RAAS was correlated with stress. Moreover, the altered cardiac structure (i.e., heart weight and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area) were correlated with stress-, sympathetic- and RAAS-related parameters. These indicated that CMS-induced cardiac hypertrophy was the result of both sympathetic and RAAS activation. Therefore, it could be concluded that 4-week CMS in male rats induced negative emotion as shown by increased sucrose intake, and increased cardiac autonomic and RAAS activities, which may be responsible for mild cardiac hypertrophy. The cardiac hypertrophy herein was possibly in an adaptive, not pathological, stage, and the cardiac autonomic function was preserved as the autonomic activities were in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janpen Bangsumruaj
- Interdisciplinary Program in Physiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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6
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Bangsumruaj J, Kijtawornrat A, Kalandakanond-Thongsong S. Effects of chronic mild stress on GABAergic system in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus associated with cardiac autonomic activity. Behav Brain Res 2022; 432:113985. [PMID: 35787398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is associated with cardiovascular diseases. One possible mechanism is the reduction in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which contributes to the disinhibition of sympathoexcitatory circuits and activates sympathetic outflow. At present, the mechanism of chronic mild stress (CMS) on GABAergic transmission at the PVN and cardiac autonomic activity is not yet fully clarified. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of CMS on the GABAergic system at the PVN and on the cardiac autonomic activity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control (left undisturbed in their home cage) or CMS (subjected to various mild stressors for 4 weeks). Cardiac autonomic activities were determined by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and GABAergic alterations at the PVN were determined from GABA levels and mRNA expression of GABA-related activities. Results showed that the CMS group had decreased HRV as determined by the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN). The low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) powers of the CMS group were higher than those of the control. Hence, the LF/HF ratio was consequently unaffected. These findings indicated that despite the increase in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, the autonomic balance was preserved at 4 weeks post CMS. For the GABAergic-related parameters, the CMS group had decreased mRNA expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD-65), the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, and increased mRNA expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1). Moreover, the GAD-65 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with LF. In conclusion, 4-week CMS exposure in male rats could attenuate GABAergic transmission at the PVN and alter cardiac autonomic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janpen Bangsumruaj
- Interdisciplinary Program in Physiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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7
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Fares R, Flénet T, Vial J, Ravaz M, Roger V, Bory C, Baudet S. Non invasive jacketed telemetry in socially-housed rats for a combined assessment of respiratory system, electrocardiogram and activity using the DECRO system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 117:107195. [PMID: 35779850 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems are among the vital organ systems that should be studied in safety pharmacology core battery test. Non-invasive jacketed external telemetry technology that enables concomitant monitoring of both systems has been available and used widely for non-rodent species. Recently, the DECRO system, a miniaturized technology system in line with the "3Rs" principles, has been developed to provide a similar approach in rats. However, data to evaluate this system in socially-housed rats is lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability and the material integrity of this novel solution in pair-housed rats in two conditions: i) in a single session of 22 h simulating a stand-alone safety pharmacology study design, and ii) in three repeated sessions of 22 h each, simulating the inclusion of safety pharmacology endpoints in a 1-month toxicology study. In both conditions, the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen was used as a reference compound inducing cardiorespiratory changes. Our results provided evidence that this novel solution was well tolerated, the material was resistant to deterioration and that it allowed the accurate recording, in a non-invasive manner, of cardiorespiratory parameters and activity level in freely moving, pair-housed rats in the above two conditions. In addition, the expected respiratory depressant effects of baclofen were recorded. These results pave the way for considering this novel solution as an enhanced approach for nonclinical safety assessment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raafat Fares
- Etisense SAS, 60A Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Timothé Flénet
- Etisense SAS, 60A Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jonathan Vial
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Marine Ravaz
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Virginie Roger
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Christophe Bory
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Stéphane Baudet
- Charles River Laboratories France Safety Assessment SAS, Department of Safety Pharmacology, 329, Impasse du Domaine Rozier, 69210 Saint Germain-Nuelles, France.
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Svorc P, Svorc P. General anesthesia and electrocardiographic parameters in in vivo experiments involving rats. Physiol Res 2022; 71:177-192. [PMID: 35275702 PMCID: PMC9150551 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In in vivo cardiovascular or toxicological studies involving rat models, changes in selected electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters are monitored after various interventions to assess the origin and development of heart rhythm disorders. Each ECG parameter has diagnostic significance; as such, commonly evaluated ECG parameters, including heart rate, PR interval, P wave duration, P wave amplitude, QRS complex, QT and QTc interval duration, R wave and T wave amplitude, of rats under various types of general anesthesia were the focus of this study. Studies that performed in vivo cardiovascular or toxicological experiments in rats were retrieved from a search of the Web of Science database for articles published mainly between 2000 and 2021. In total, the search retrieved 123 articles. ECG parameters that were reported as baseline or control values were summarized and averages with ranges were calculated. It is important to be cautious when interpreting results and, in discussions addressing the mechanisms underlying a given type of arrhythmia, acknowledge that initial ECG parameters may already be affected to some extent by the general anesthesia as well as by sex and the time of day the experiments were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Svorc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Svorc
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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9
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Sevoz-Couche C, Laborde S. Heart rate variability and slow-paced breathing:when coherence meets resonance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Sriram S, Avlani S, Ward MP, Sen S. Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3307. [PMID: 33558552 PMCID: PMC7870669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous multi-channel monitoring of biopotential signals is vital in understanding the body as a whole, facilitating accurate models and predictions in neural research. The current state of the art in wireless technologies for untethered biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a 'wire') allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. In this work, we introduce Animal Body Communication (ABC), which utilizes the concept of using the body as a medium into the domain of untethered animal biopotential recording. This work, for the first time, develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. Using this theoretical model, a sub-inch[Formula: see text] [1″ × 1″ × 0.4″], custom-designed sensor node is built using off the shelf components which is capable of sensing and transmitting biopotential signals, through the body of the rat at significantly lower powers compared to traditional wireless transmissions. In-vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation [Formula: see text] when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50[Formula: see text] reduction in power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeya Sriram
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Shitij Avlani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Matthew P Ward
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shreyas Sen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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11
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Aggarwal Y, Das J, Mazumder PM, Kumar R, Sinha RK. Heart rate variability time domain features in automated prediction of diabetes in rat. Phys Eng Sci Med 2020; 44:45-52. [PMID: 33252718 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a very common occurring disease, diagnosed by hyperglycemia. The established mode of diagnosis is the analysis of blood glucose level with the help of a hand-held glucometer. Nowadays, it is also known for affecting multi-organ functions, particularly the microvasculature of the cardiovascular system. In this work, an alternative diagnostic system based on the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) have been proposed. The experiment and data recording has been performed on male Wister rats of 10-12 week of age and 200 ± 20 gm of weight. The digital lead-I electrocardiogram (ECG) data are recorded from control (n = 5) and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n = 5). Nine time-domain linear HRV parameters are computed from 60 s of ECG data epochs and used for the training and testing of backpropagation ANN and SVM. Total 526 (334 Control and 192 diabetics) such datasets are computed for the testing of ANN for the identification of the diabetic conditions. The ANN has been optimized for architecture 9:5:1 (Input: hidden: output neurons, respectively) with the optimized learning rate parameter at 0.02. With this network, a very good classification accuracy of 96.2% is achieved. While similar accuracy of 95.2% is attained using SVM. Owing to the successful implementation of HRV parameters based automated classifiers for diabetic conditions, a non-invasive, ECG based online prognostic system can be developed for accurate and non-invasive prediction of the diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogender Aggarwal
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Joyani Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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12
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Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring of Dog and Cat Using a UWB Radar. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020205. [PMID: 31991803 PMCID: PMC7070589 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keywords: cat; dog; vital signs monitoring; radar; ultra-wideband (UWB); variational mode decomposition (VMD).
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13
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Lertwittayanon W, Devinsky O, Carlen PL. Cardiorespiratory depression from brainstem seizure activity in freely moving rats. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104628. [PMID: 31669732 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory dysfunction during or after seizures may contribute to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Disruption of lower brainstem cardiorespiratory systems by seizures is postulated to impair respiratory and cardiac function. Here, we explore the effects of brainstem seizures and stimulation on cardiorespiratory function using a rat model of intrahippocampal 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced acute recurrent seizures. Cardiac and respiratory monitoring together with local field potential recordings from hippocampus, contralateral parietal cortex and caudal dorsomedial brainstem, were conducted in freely moving adult male Wistar rats. Seizures were induced by intrahippocampal injection of 4-AP. Increased respiratory rate but unchanged heart rate occurred during hippocampal and secondarily generalized cortical seizures. Status epilepticus without brainstem seizures increased respiratory and heart rates, whereas status epilepticus with intermittent brainstem seizures induced repeated episodes of cardiorespiratory depression leading to death. Respiratory arrest occurred prior to asystole which was the terminal event. Phenytoin (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), administered after 4-AP intrahippocampal injection, terminated brainstem seizures and the associated cardiorespiratory depression, preventing death in five of six rats. Focal electrical stimulation of the caudal dorsomedial brainstem also suppressed cardiorespiratory rates. We conclude that in our model, brainstem seizures were associated with respiratory depression followed by cardiac arrest, and then death. We hypothesize this model shares mechanisms in common with the classic sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) syndrome associated with spontaneous seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Lertwittayanon
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand; Research unit for EEG biomarkers of neuronal diseases, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- New York University Medical Center, Neurology, NY, New York, United States
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Marocolo M, Katayama PL, Meireles A, Barbosa Neto O. Combined effects of exercise training and high doses of anabolic steroids on cardiac autonomic modulation and ventricular repolarization properties in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1185-1192. [PMID: 31505126 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that high doses of synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can have serious negative effects on health, including the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of AAS and exercise training on ventricular repolarization and cardiac autonomic modulation in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary rats treated with vehicle, sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate, swimming-trained rats treated with vehicle, and swimming-trained rats treated with nandrolone decanoate. Ventricular repolarization was evaluated by electrocardiographic analysis of QT interval and QT dispersion. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability. Our results show that AAS increased QT interval and QT dispersion in sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate as compared to sedentary rats treated with vehicle, indicating AAS-induced ventricular repolarization abnormalities. When rats treated with nandrolone decanoate were subjected to concomitant exercise training, ventricular repolarization was normalized. On the other hand, AAS-induced reduction in cardiac parasympathetic modulation was not prevented by exercise training. In conclusion, AAS produced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and ventricular repolarization disturbances in rats. Combining an exercise training protocol during the AAS treatment attenuated the ventricular repolarization abnormalities and did not prevent cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Meireles
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Octávio Barbosa Neto
- Sport Sciences Department, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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15
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Hui X, Kan EC. No-touch measurements of vital signs in small conscious animals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau0169. [PMID: 30788431 PMCID: PMC6374106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the heartbeat and respiration of small conscious animals is important for assessing their health and behavior, but present techniques such as electrocardiogram (ECG), ultrasound, and auscultation rely on close skin contact with the animal. These methods can also require surface preparation, cause discomfort or stress to animals, and even require anesthetic administration, especially for birds, reptiles, and fish. Here, we show that radio frequency near-field coherent sensing (NCS) can provide a new solution to animal vital sign monitoring while ensuring minimal pain and distress. We first benchmarked NCS with synchronous ECG on an anesthetized rat. NCS was then applied to monitor a conscious hamster from outside its cage, and was further extended to a parakeet, Russian tortoise, and betta fish in a noninvasive manner. Our system can revolutionize vital sign monitoring of small conscious animals in their laboratory living quarters or natural habitats.
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16
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Sung YL, Wu CE, Syu JY, Kuo TBJ, Li JY, Chen CW, Weng CH, Hsu WH, Chen SA, Hu YF, Lin SF. Effects of long-term exercise on arrhythmogenesis in aged hypertensive rats. Comput Biol Med 2018; 102:390-395. [PMID: 30144936 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypertension is a multifactorial disease that is highly associated with cardiovascular disorders. Physical activity, such as long-term exercise, is advocated as a treatment for hypertension, but the responses of different age groups to long-term exercise are unknown. We used aged spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs, 80 weeks old) to test the hypothesis that long-term exercise compensated for deficient autonomic control and reduced susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in this animal model. The aged SHRs were divided into control and voluntary exercise groups. Ambulatory electrocardiography was recorded for the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Programmed stimulation was applied to exposed hearts to induce ventricular arrhythmia in situ. Then, the hearts were isolated for an optical mapping study. The results showed that increased HRV indices were broadly related to vagal dominance in the high-intensity exercise group. Exercise altered the electrical propagation dynamic properties, such as the action potential duration restitution (APDR). Furthermore, the VF inducibility decreased with increased exercise intensity. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exercise reduces the risk of arrhythmogenesis in aged SHRs through enhanced vagal control and stabilized electrical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yang Syu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Yi Li
- Department of Health and Leisure Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Weng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Marocolo M, Silva-Neto JA, Barbosa Neto O. Acute interruption of treatment with nandrolone decanoate is not sufficient to reverse cardiac autonomic dysfunction and ventricular repolarization disturbances in rats. Steroids 2018; 132:12-17. [PMID: 29366731 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids are a class of synthetic compounds derived from testosterone, eventually used by athletes, to improve physical performance. However, anabolic steroids can also modify normal cardiovascular function. Thus, we investigated cardiac electrophysiological and autonomic abnormalities in rats, through a electrocardiographic variability protocol during and after interruption of administration of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) anabolic steroid. Twenty male Wistar rats (60-70 days old) received DECA (10 mg. kg-1i.m) once a week or vehicle, during eight weeks. Electrocardiogram was recorded in conscious rats by a noninvasive method, and time and domain analysis of heart rate variability as well as electrocardiogram intervals (QTc / QTd) were performed. Body mass was lower in treated rats compared to control after 4th and 8th weeks, but not at the end of 14th week. QTc and QTd were longer in DECA group compared to control on 4th, 8th, 11th, but equal on 14th week. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (vagal attenuation) was present on DECA group after 4th week and did not normalize after interruption of treatment. The animals of DECA group showed a correlation between attenuated parasympathetic modulation and increased correct QT interval. Our data allow us to conclude that long-term treatment with DECA impairs autonomic cardiac physiology, predisposing to cardiovascular risk and sudden death, and interruption of administration does not recovery the normality immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Marocolo
- Physiology and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
| | - Julio A Silva-Neto
- "Paes de Carvalho" Laboratory of Biophysics of Heart, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Octávio Barbosa Neto
- Department of Sport Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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Alpha-linolenic acid stabilizes HIF-1 α and downregulates FASN to promote mitochondrial apoptosis for mammary gland chemoprevention. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70049-70071. [PMID: 29050261 PMCID: PMC5642536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha linolenic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid and is reported to have the anti-cancer potential with no defined hypothesis or mechanism/s. Henceforth present study was in-quested to validate the effect of alpha linolenic acid on mitochondrial apoptosis, hypoxic microenvironment and de novo fatty acid synthesis using in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The IC50 value of alpha linolenic acid was recorded to be 17.55μM against ER+MCF-7 cells. Treatment with alpha linolenic acid was evident for the presence of early and late apoptotic signals along with mitochondrial depolarization, when studied through acridine orange/ethidium bromide and JC-1 staining. Alpha linolenic acid arrested the cell cycle in G2/M phase. Subsequently, the in-vivo efficacy was examined against 7, 12-dimethylbenz anthracene induced carcinogenesis. Treatment with alpha linolenic acid demarcated significant effect upon the cellular proliferation as evidenced through decreased in alveolar bud count, restoration of the histopathological architecture and loss of tumor micro vessels. Alpha linolenic acid restored the metabolic changes to normal when scrutinized through 1H NMR studies. The immunoblotting and qRT-PCR studies revealed participation of mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis pathway and curtailment of hypoxic microenvironment after treatment with alpha linolenic acid. With all above, it was concluded that alpha linolenic acid mediates mitochondrial apoptosis, curtails hypoxic microenvironment along with inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis to impart anticancer effects.
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19
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Kumar P, Srivastava P, Gupta A, Bajpai M. Noninvasive recording of electrocardiogram in conscious rat: A new device. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 49:116-118. [PMID: 28458434 PMCID: PMC5351223 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important tool for the study of cardiac electrophysiology both in human beings and experimental animals. Existing methods of ECG recording in small animals like rat have several limitations and ECG recordings of the anesthetized rat lack validity for heart rate (HR) variability analysis. The aim of the present study was to validate the ECG data from new device with ECG of anesthetized rat. Materials and Methods: The ECG was recorded on student's physiograph (BioDevice, Ambala) and suitable coupler and electrodes in six animals first by the newly developed device in conscious state and second in anesthetized state (stabilized technique). Results: The data obtained were analyzed using unpaired t-test showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) in QTc, QRS, and HR recorded by new device and established device in rats. Conclusion: No previous study describes a similar ECG recording in conscious state of rats. Thus, the present method may be a most physiological and inexpensive alternative to other methods. In this study, the animals were not restrained; they were just secured and represent a potential strength of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, AKTU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Bajpai
- Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Botelho AF, Oliveira MSD, Soto-Blanco B, Melo MM. Computerized electrocardiography in healthy conscious guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016001200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to evaluate healthy conscious guinea pigs as a model for electrophysiology assessment and to describe normal electrocardiographic patterns in controlled laboratory environment, establishing the best QT formula for this method. Electrocardiographic recordings of fifty adult conscious guinea pigs were obtained using a computerized electrocardiography. The electrocardiographic measurements of three different tracings were analyzed. The results obtained established normal mean and range values for the parameters: heart rate, waves and intervals of P-QRS-T deflections, as well as the mean cardiac axis. Groups were separated by body weight: group 1 gathered animals with 500-699g and group 2 with animals 700-900g. No differences were found when measurements were compared between groups, showing no significant difference between weight/body sizes to the electrocardiographic parameters (P<0.05). The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using diverse formulae were significantly different (P<0.05), were the most consistent was Van der Water (QTcV). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=98) and 95% confidence interval 185.7 to 195.2ms.Considering its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was deemed the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in conscious guinea pigs.The results of this study also suggest that the values found can be used as reference for the species.
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21
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Abstract
Electrocardiography (ECG) in rats is a widely applied experimental method in basic cardiovascular research. The technique of ECG recordings is simple; however, the interpretation of electrocardiographic parameters is challenging. This is because the analysis may be biased by experimental settings, such as the type of anesthesia, the strain or age of animals. Here, we aimed to review electrocardiographic parameters in rats, their normal range, as well as the effect of experimental settings on the parameters variation. Furthermore, differences and similarities between rat and human ECG are discussed in the context of translational cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Konopelski
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Ramadoss M, Ramanathan G, Subbiah AJ, Natrajan C. Heart Rate Changes in Electroacupuncture Treated Polycystic Ovary in Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:CF01-3. [PMID: 27134868 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18303.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic disorder, it affects both humans and animals. It may induce coronary heart disease, obesity and hyperandrogenism. Previous studies show that Low frequency Electroacupuncture (EA) have an effect on PCOS, however the exact pathway is unclear. AIM To find the effect of EA on autonomic activity of the heart in Estradiol Valerate (EV) induced PCOS rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in 3 groups: 1) Control; 2) PCOS rats; and 3) PCOS rats after EA treatment (n=8 in each group). From the time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis (linear measures) HRV analysis was done. EA stimulation was given at low frequency of 2Hz for 15 min on alternate days for 4-5 weeks. Collected data were statistically analysed using One-Way Analysis of Variance with the application of multiple comparisons of Tukey test. RESULTS EA treatment group shows significant reduction in Heart Rate (HR) and low frequency, high frequency ratio (LF/HF); and increase in RR interval, Total Power (TP) when compared to PCOS group. CONCLUSION The study concludes that EA treatment has a significant effect on reducing sympathetic tone and decreasing HR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukilan Ramadoss
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Physiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research , Madurai, India
| | | | - Angelie Jessica Subbiah
- Senior lecturer, Department of Anatomy, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research , Madurai, India
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Hu TM, Wu MS, Wu WT, Yang FL, Lee RP. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase sympathetic activity under heavy alcohol exposure in rat models. Life Sci 2016; 147:92-6. [PMID: 26800785 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Self-medication with alcohol while being treated with antidepressants is a common problem in patients with depression. Both alcohol consumption and antidepressant administration can induce changes in the cardiac autonomic responses as indicated by heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we examined cardiac autonomic responses induced by acute heavy alcohol exposure after SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) medications. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the alcohol administrated (Alc group), paroxetine administrated (SSRI group), and the SSRI+Alc group. Serum samples were collected to measure blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Physiological and cardiac autonomic responses including mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and HRV were also compared among groups. KEY FINDINGS The SSRI group exhibited higher values of HRV and HF (high frequency) than did the Alc and SSRI+Alc groups after alcohol administration. In contrast to the Alc group, the SSRI+Alc group had significantly lower MAP than Alc group, and higher HR, standard deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN), SDNN to MRR ratio (CVNN), square root of the mean squared differences of the successive NN-intervals (RMSSD) and HF values after alcohol administration. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that SSRIs increased sympathetic activity and alcohol reduced it in rats. The present study represents an attractive area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Center, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shien Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Center, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Lin Yang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Intensive Care Unit, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ru-Ping Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Marques EB, Rocha NN, Dos Santos MCP, Nascimento JHM, Scaramello CBV. Cardiac programming in rats submitted to leptin treatment during lactation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 181:141-3. [PMID: 25497539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana B Marques
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nazareth N Rocha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mara C P Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiac Eletrophysiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José H M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cardiac Eletrophysiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christianne B V Scaramello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Koizumi S, Minamisawa S, Sasaguri K, Onozuka M, Sato S, Ono Y. Chewing reduces sympathetic nervous response to stress and prevents poststress arrhythmias in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1551-8. [PMID: 21821783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01224.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing stress is important in preventing sudden death in patients with cardiovascular disease, as stressful events may cause autonomic imbalance and trigger fatal arrhythmias. Since chewing has been shown to inhibit stress-induced neuronal responses in the hypothalamus, we hypothesized that chewing could ameliorate stress-induced autonomic imbalance and prevent arrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed changes in radiotelemetered electrocardiograms in rats that were allowed to chew a wooden stick during a 1-h period of immobilization stress. Chewing significantly reduced the occurrence of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) and complex ventricular ectopy after immobilization and prevented stress-induced prolongation of the QT interval of VPBs throughout the 10-h experimental period. It also prevented prolongation of the QRS complex and fluctuations in the QT interval in normal sinus rhythm beats preceding VPBs during both immobilization and in the poststress period. Fast Fourier transform-based spectral analysis of heart-rate variability further showed that chewing significantly inhibited the stress-induced increase in the power ratio of low-to-high frequency activity (LF/HF: a marker of sympathetic activity) during immobilization and in addition was associated with blunting of the stress-induced increase in plasma noradrenaline observed at the termination of immobilization. Similar suppressive effects on the occurrence of VPBs and the LF/HF were observed in rats that were administered the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol before immobilization. These results indicate that chewing can ameliorate sympathetic hyperactivity during stress and prevent poststress arrhythmias and suggest that chewing may provide a nonpharmacological and cost-effective treatment option for patients with a high risk of stress-induced fatal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Koizumi
- Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Kanagawa Japan
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Farraj AK, Hazari MS, Cascio WE. The Utility of the Small Rodent Electrocardiogram in Toxicology. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:11-30. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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