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Mülder DT, Hahn AI, Huang RJ, Zhou MJ, Blake B, Omofuma O, Murphy JD, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Zauber AG, O'Mahony JF, Camargo MC, Ladabaum U, Yeh JM, Hur C, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Meester R, Laszkowska M. Prevalence of Gastric Precursor Lesions in Countries With Differential Gastric Cancer Burden: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1605-1617.e46. [PMID: 38438000 PMCID: PMC11272442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of precursor lesions for gastric cancer (GC) and the differential burden between countries of varying GC risk is not well-understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of precursor lesions. METHODS We estimated the prevalence of atrophic gastritis (AG), gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia in regions with low, medium, and high GC incidence. Because IM is an advanced manifestation of AG, we assessed the prevalence of less advanced precursors, regardless of the presence of more advanced lesions. Prevalence was sub-stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection, symptomatology, and period (<2000, 2000-2010, and >2010). RESULTS Among the 582 articles that underwent full-text review, 166 studies met inclusion criteria. The global prevalence estimates of AG, IM, and dysplasia were 25.4%, 16.2%, and 2.0%, respectively, on the basis of 126 studies that reported the prevalence of less advanced precursors, regardless of the presence of more advanced lesions. The prevalence of all precursor lesions was higher in high and medium compared with low GC incidence countries (P < .01). Prevalence of AG and IM was significantly higher among H pylori-infected individuals (P < .01) but not statistically different between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (P > .17). All precursors demonstrated a secular decrease in prevalence over time. CONCLUSIONS Gastric precursor lesions have differences in prevalence in regions with differential GC incidence and are associated with H pylori infection. Because of the substantial prevalence of precursor lesions in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, symptomatic evaluation may not be sufficient to identify individuals at risk. These estimates provide important insights for tailoring GC prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duco T Mülder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne I Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert J Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Margaret J Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Benjamin Blake
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Omonefe Omofuma
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - John D Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Ann G Zauber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James F O'Mahony
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; School of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Uri Ladabaum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jennifer M Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chin Hur
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Reinier Meester
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Freenome Holdings Inc, San Francisco, California
| | - Monika Laszkowska
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Service, Department of Subspecialty Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Maciel DN, Silva LLDL, Assunção LDP, Rasmussen LT, Barbosa MS. HELICOBACTER PYLORI OIPA VIRULENCE GENE AS A MOLECULAR MARKER OF SEVERE GASTROPATHIES. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e23110. [PMID: 38451664 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.24612023-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is an etiologic agent of gastroduodenal diseases. The microorganism, considered a type I carcinogen, affects about 50% of the global population. H. pylori virulence factors are determinant for the clinical outcome of the infection. The outer inflammatory protein A (oipA) gene encodes an outer membrane adhesin and is related to severe gastropathies, such as gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the oipA gene with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases in dyspeptic patients in region Central Brazil. METHODS The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of H. pylori. Samples positives were used for molecular screening of the oipA gene. Gastropathies were categorized as non-severe and severe diseases. RESULTS Approximately 68% of patients had H. pylori and 36% were infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains. Infection was significantly associated in patients aged over 44 years (P=0.004). However, there was no association between oipA and patients' age (P=0.89). Approximately 46% of patients infected with oipA+ strains had some severe illness. Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most frequent severe gastropathy. The H. pylori oipA genotype was inversely associated with the severity of gastroduodenal diseases (OR=0.247, 95%CI: 0.0804-0.7149 and P=0.007). CONCLUSION The characterization of possible molecular markers will contribute to personalized medicine, impacting the prognosis of patients. BACKGROUND • Evidence points to an association between the H. pylori oipA gene and gastropathies. BACKGROUND • There is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection with a relevant percentage of oipA+ strains. BACKGROUND • More severe gastropathies were observed in those infected with H. pylori oipA+ strains.
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Soares GAS, Moraes FADS, Ramos AFPL, Santiago SB, Germano JN, Fernandes GA, Curado MP, Barbosa MS. Dietary habits and Helicobacter pylori infection: is there an association? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231160620. [PMID: 37324320 PMCID: PMC10262674 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231160620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a group 1 carcinogen and the etiological agent of gastric diseases such as gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. It infects approximately half of the world's population. Risk factors associated with H. pylori infection include socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and diet. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between eating habits and H. pylori infection in patients from a reference hospital in Central Brazil. Design This cross-sectional study included 156 patients from 2019 to 2022. Methods Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and a validated food frequency questionnaire. The H. pylori infection status (positive versus negative) was determined using the histopathological method. After grams/day, foods were stratified into tertiles of consumption (low, medium, and high). Simple and multiple binary logistic regression models were used in the analysis of odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with a 5% significance level. Results The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 44.2% (69/156 patients). Infected individuals had a mean age of 49.6 ± 14.6 years; 40.6% were men, 34.8% were aged 60 years or older, 42.0% were unmarried, 7.2% had higher education, 72.5% were non-white, and 30.4% were obese. In the H. pylori-positive group, 55.1% were alcohol drinkers and 42.0% were smokers. The results of multiple analyses showed that the chance of H. pylori infection was higher among male participants (OR = 2.25; CI = 1.09-4.68) and individuals with obesity (OR = 2.68; CI = 1.10-6.51). Participants with moderate consumption of refined grains (bread, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal) (OR = 2.41; CI = 1.04-5.62) and fruits (OR = 2.53; CI = 1.08-5.94) were more likely to be infected. Conclusion In this study, male sex, obesity, and the consumption of refined grains and fruits were positively associated with H. pylori infection. Further research is needed to investigate this association and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Alice Sampaio Soares
- Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto de Sousa Moraes
- Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Paes Landim Ramos
- Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Silvana Barbosa Santiago
- Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mônica Santiago Barbosa
- Núcleo de Estudo da Helicobacter pylori, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, St. 235 Setor Leste Universitario, Goiânia, GO 74605-050, Brazil
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4
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Bucci P, Barbaglia Y, Tedeschi F, Zalazar F. Helicobacter pylori infection: A balance between bacteria and host. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:60-67. [PMID: 35773060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Argentina, despite the important studies conducted on the prevalence of infection and the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, there are no reports simultaneously analyzing a profile of virulence factors of the bacterium and polymorphisms in cytokine genes in patients with different alterations in the gastric mucosa (including intestinal metaplasia, IM). Our aim was to evaluate H. pylori genotypes in 132 adult patients with chronic gastritis presenting three different histological findings (inactive chronic gastritis, active chronic gastritis IM- and active chronic gastritis IM+) along with SNP-174 G>C in the IL-6 gene. cagA, vacA and babA2 genes were analyzed by multiplex PCR. The -174 G>C SNP IL-6 gene was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Patients with active chronic gastritis IM+ showed the highest proportion of the cagA(+)/IL-6GG, cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/IL-6GG and cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/babA2(+)/IL-6GG combinations (p<0.05). There was 4-5 times greater probability of finding patients presenting the GG genotype for SNP-174 G>C IL-6, which in turn were infected with the most virulent H. pylori genotypes -cagA(+), cagA(+)/vacAm1s1 and cagA(+)/vacAm1s1/babA2- in the ACGIM+ group in comparison to the ICG group. Our results provide regional data to the idea that the transition towards severe alterations in the gastric mucosa would be the result of a balance between specific factors of H. pylori and inherent host factors. This fact can be useful to identify patients at greater risk and to select those individuals requiring appropriate eradication treatment to prevent progression to gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bucci
- Laboratorio de Práctica Profesional de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Subsuelo Hospital "Dr. José María Cullen", Avda. Freyre 2150, (S3000EOZ) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yanina Barbaglia
- Servicio de Gastroenterologia, Subsuelo Hospital "Dr. José María Cullen", Avda. Freyre 2150 (S3000EOZ) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fabián Tedeschi
- Laboratorio de Práctica Profesional de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Subsuelo Hospital "Dr. José María Cullen", Avda. Freyre 2150, (S3000EOZ) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fabián Zalazar
- Laboratorio de Práctica Profesional de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Subsuelo Hospital "Dr. José María Cullen", Avda. Freyre 2150, (S3000EOZ) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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5
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Akpoigbe K, Culpepper-Morgan J, Nwankwo O, Genao A. Predicting Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in a High-Risk Population. Cureus 2022; 14:e31502. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Valadares EC, Gestic MA, Utrini MP, Chaim FDM, Chaim EA, Cazzo E. PRE-OPERATIVE SCREENING OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN BARIATRIC PATIENTS: IS HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS NECESSARY? ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2022; 59:275-280. [PMID: 35830041 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202202000-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to lead to post-operative complications after bariatric surgery (BS), especially marginal ulcers. The optimal method for pre-operative screening is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the endoscopic urease test for the detection of H. pylori in individuals undergoing BS and the main endoscopic and histological changes within this population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out based on a database from medical records of 232 individuals who underwent BS between 2016 and 2019 at a tertiary university hospital. Clinical, anthropometric, and endoscopic data were analyzed. The gold-standard method considered to calculate diagnostic accuracy variables was histopathological examination through hematoxylin-eosin/Giemsa stains. RESULTS 87.5% of the participants were female; mean age was 38.5±9.5 years and average body mass index was 37.6±3.8 kg/m2. The commonest endoscopic finding was gastritis (50.9%) with a predominance of the mild erosive form (25%). Upon histological examination, 59.1% of the participants had confirmed H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection was associated with higher frequencies of endoscopic duodenitis (23.4% vs 12.6%; P=0.04), histological chronic gastritis (100% vs 56.8%; P<0.0001) and histological acute gastritis (58.4% vs 2.1%; P<0.0001). The urease test had a sensitivity of 79.6% and a specificity of 97.9%, leading to an overall accuracy of 87.1%. CONCLUSION The endoscopic urease test is highly accurate for pre-operative screening of H. pylori infection in individuals who undergo BS. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with endoscopic (duodenitis) and histopathological (chronic and active gastritis) changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Coelho Valadares
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Martinho Antonio Gestic
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Murillo Pimentel Utrini
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Felipe David Mendonça Chaim
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Elinton Adami Chaim
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Everton Cazzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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7
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Matos R, Sousa HS, Nogueiro J, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Carneiro F, Amorim I, Haesebrouck F, Gärtner F. Helicobacter species binding to the human gastric mucosa. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12867. [PMID: 34967491 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects half of the world population, being associated with several gastric disorders, such as chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. The Helicobacter genus also includes other gastric helicobacters, such as H. heilmannii¸ H. ailurogastricus, H. suis, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis. These gastric helicobacters colonize both the human and animal stomach. The prevalence of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) species in humans has been described as low, and the in vitro binding to the human gastric mucosa was never assessed. Herein, human gastric tissue sections were used for the evaluation of the tissue glycophenotype and for the binding of gastric NHPH strains belonging to different species. Histopathological evaluation showed that 37.5% of the patients enrolled in our cohort presented chronic gastritis, while the presence of neutrophil or eosinophilic activity (chronic active gastritis) was observed in 62.5% of the patients. The secretor phenotype was observed in 68.8% of the individuals, based on the expression of Lewis B antigen and binding of the UleX lectin. The in vitro binding assay showed that all the NHPH strains evaluated were able to bind, albeit in low frequency, to the human gastric mucosa. The H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis strains displayed the highest binding ability both to the gastric superficial epithelium and to the deep glands. Interestingly, we observed binding of NHPH to the gastric mucosa of individuals with severe chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia, suggesting that NHPH binding may not be restricted to the healthy gastric mucosa or slight chronic gastritis. Furthermore, the in vitro binding of NHPH strains was observed both in secretor and non-secretor individuals in a similar frequency. In conclusion, this study is the first report of the in vitro binding ability of gastric NHPH species to the human gastric mucosa. The results suggest that other glycans, besides the Lewis antigens, could be involved in the bacterial adhesion mechanism; however, the molecular intervenients remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Matos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Santos Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Nogueiro
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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8
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Presence of Helicobacter Species in Gastric Mucosa of Human Patients and Outcome of Helicobacter Eradication Treatment. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020181. [PMID: 35207669 PMCID: PMC8879780 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Helicobacter is composed of bacteria that colonize both the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. Helicobacter pylori infects half of the world’s population, causing various disorders, such as gastritis, duodenitis and gastric cancer. Additionally, non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH) are commonly found in the stomach of pigs, dogs and cats. Most of these species have zoonotic potential and prevalence rates of 0.2–6.0%, and have been described in human patients suffering from gastric disorders undergoing a gastric biopsy. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in the stomach of patients with gastric cancer (n = 17) and obese (n = 63) patients. Furthermore, the outcome of the Helicobacter eradication treatment and the current infection status was evaluated. Overall, based on the genus-specific PCR followed by sequencing, DNA from Helicobacter spp. was detected in 46.3% of the patients, including single infections with H. pylori in 43.8% of the patients and mixed infections with H. pylori and canine- or feline-associated H. felis in 2.5%. About 32.5% of the patients had been subjected to previous Helicobacter eradication therapy and the triple standard therapy was the most frequent scheme (42.3%). In 48.0% of the patients who received eradication treatment, bacteria were still detected, including one mixed infection. In 23.1% of the patients who reported that a subsequent test had been performed to confirm the elimination of the bacteria, Helicobacter were still detected. In conclusion, although in a smaller percentage, NHPH may also be present in the human stomach. Thus, specific NHPH screening should be included in the diagnostic routine. The continued presence of H. pylori in the stomach of patients recently subjected to eradication schemes raises questions about the efficacy of the current Helicobacter treatments.
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Intracellular Presence of Helicobacter pylori and Its Virulence-Associated Genotypes within the Vaginal Yeast of Term Pregnant Women. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010131. [PMID: 33430099 PMCID: PMC7827377 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori transmission routes are not entirely elucidated. Since yeasts are postulated to transmit this pathogen, this study aimed to detect and genotype intracellular H. pylori harbored within vaginal yeast cells. METHODS A questionnaire was used to determine risk factors of H. pylori infection. Samples were seeded on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and horse blood-supplemented Columbia agar. Isolated yeasts were identified using and observed by optical microscopy searching for intra-yeast H. pylori. Total yeast DNA, from one random sample, was extracted to search for H. pylori virulence genes by PCR and bacterial identification by sequencing. RESULTS 43% of samples contained yeasts, mainly Candida albicans (91%). Microscopy detected bacteria such as bodies and anti-H. pylori antibodies binding particles in 50% of the isolated yeasts. Total DNA extracted showed that 50% of the isolated yeasts were positive for H. pylori 16S rDNA and the sequence showed 99.8% similarity with H. pylori. In total, 32% of H. pylori DNA positive samples were cagA+ vacAs1a vacAm1 dupA-. No relationship was observed between possible H. pylori infection risk factors and vaginal yeasts harboring this bacterium. CONCLUSION
H. pylori having virulent genotypes were detected within vaginal yeasts constituting a risk for vertical transmission of this pathogen.
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Abstract
This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and the potential modes of transmission. In addition to English language publications, the authors have included original full-text publications from Russia and Latin America published in the original languages. High H pylori prevalence has been reported in Russia, Jordan, Iran, China, and Latin American countries as well as in Arctic populations in Canada. Indigenous inhabitants in the Arctic were found to be infected substantially more frequently than non-indigenous inhabitants. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the ethnic minority groups were at a significantly higher risk of being H pylori seropositive compared to the Dutch population. For the first time, data on the prevalence from Armenia have been published indicating 41.5% H pylori prevalence. Convincing evidence on the decline of H pylori prevalence in Southeast Hungary and Taiwan was published. A study from Chile suggested high infection rates in newborns during the first month after birth. Two meta-analyses covered the potential correlation between H pylori and periodontal diseases, therefore addressing the potential oro-oral transmission rates. Periodontal disease was found to be more prevalent in H pylori-infected subjects. Other studies addressed the potential role of drinking water and food products as well as socioeconomic factors in transmitting the infection. Several studies in Asia addressed annual reinfection rates of H pylori, ranging from 1.5% in China to 3.1% in Korea. Finally, a review was published on the current evidence and future perspective of analysing H pylori in ancient human remains by a metagenomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mezmale
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Coelho
- Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinics Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dmitry Bordin
- A. S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia.,Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marcis Leja
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.,Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
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11
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Vahidi S, Norollahi SE, Agah S, Samadani AA. DNA Methylation Profiling of hTERT Gene Alongside with the Telomere Performance in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 51:788-799. [PMID: 32617831 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic modification including of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, histon phosphorylation and non-coding RNA can impress the gene expression and genomic stability and cause different types of malignancies and also main human disorder. Conspicuously, the epigenetic alteration special DNA methylation controls telomere length, telomerase activity and also function of different genes particularly hTERT expression. Telomeres are important in increasing the lifespan, health, aging, and the development and progression of some diseases like cancer. METHODS This review provides an assessment of the epigenetic alterations of telomeres, telomerase and repression of its catalytic subunit, hTERT and function of long non-coding RNAs such as telomeric-repeat containing RNA (TERRA) in carcinogenesis and tumorgenesis of gastric cancer. RESULTS hTERT expression is essential and indispensable in telomerase activation through immortality and malignancies and also plays an important role in maintaining telomere length. Telomeres and telomerase have been implicated in regulating epigenetic factors influencing certain gene expression. Correspondingly, these changes in the sub telomere and telomere regions are affected by the shortening of telomere length and increased telomerase activity and hTERT gene expression have been observed in many cancers, remarkably in gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Epigenetic alteration and regulation of hTERT gene expression are critical in controlling telomerase activity and its expression. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Vahidi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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