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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Ramos-Campo DJ, Beltran-Velasco AI, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro Jimenez E, Redondo-Flórez L, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Basis of preventive and non-pharmacological interventions in asthma. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172391. [PMID: 37920579 PMCID: PMC10619920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common atopic disorders in all stages of life. Its etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Due to this, different non-pharmacological interventions can be implemented to reduce or alleviate the symptoms caused by this disease. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the preventive and non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, physiotherapy, nutritional, ergonutritional, and psychological strategies in asthma treatment. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by increased responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Different factors have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, however, the treatments used to reduce its incidence are more controversial. Physical activity is focused on the benefits that aerobic training can provide, while physiotherapy interventions recommend breathing exercises to improve the quality of life of patients. Nutritional interventions are targeted on implement diets that prioritize the consumption of fruits and vegetables and supplementation with antioxidants. Psychological interventions have been proposed as an essential non-pharmacological tool to reduce the emotional problems associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
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Siegel J, Gill N, Ramanathan M, Patadia M. Unified Airway Disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Muniz AKOA, Ribeiro CCC, Vianna EO, Serra HCOA, Nascimento JXPT, Cardoso VC, Barbieri MA, da Silva AAM, Bettiol H. Factors associated with allergy traits around the 2nd year of life: a brazilian cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:703. [PMID: 36482361 PMCID: PMC9733343 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic status has been strongly influenced by early exposures; however, allergic diseases are hard to measure in early life. Thus, this study proposed a latent variable allergy traits around the second year of life and analyzed pre- and perinatal factors associated with this phenomenon. METHODS The study used data from the BRISA birth cohort, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (n = 3644). The theoretical model included: family allergy (history of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma); gestational period variables (socioeconomic status, mother's skin color, pregestational body mass index - BMI, smoking, gestational diabetes, and hypertension); birth variables (gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, birth weight, type of delivery), and early life factor (exclusive breast feeding). The outcome was allergy traits around the 2nd year of life, a latent variable deduced from the shared variance among medical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. The model was analyzed by structural equation modeling. RESULTS Higher socioeconomic status (SC = 0.256; p < 0.001) and higher family allergy values (SC = 1.224; p < 0.001) were associated with higher allergy trait values. Hypertension during pregnancy was associated with higher values (SC = 0.170; p = 0.022) and exclusive breast feeding (SC = -0.192; p < 0.001) with low allergy trait values. CONCLUSION Although socioeconomic and environmental factors were associated with allergy traits around the 2nd year of life, the family component of allergy was the exposure that best explained this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elcio Oliveira Vianna
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Viviane Cunha Cardoso
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Barbieri
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gheissari R, Liao J, Garcia E, Pavlovic N, Gilliland FD, Xiang AH, Chen Z. Health Outcomes in Children Associated with Prenatal and Early-Life Exposures to Air Pollution: A Narrative Review. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080458. [PMID: 36006137 PMCID: PMC9415268 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis links adverse fetal exposures with developmental mal-adaptations and morbidity later in life. Short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants are known contributors to health outcomes; however, the potential for developmental health effects of air pollution exposures during gestation or early-childhood have yet to be reviewed and synthesized from a DOHaD lens. The objective of this study is to summarize the literature on cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory, allergic, and neuropsychological health outcomes, from prenatal development through early childhood, associated with early-life exposures to outdoor air pollutants, including traffic-related and wildfire-generated air pollutants. (2) Methods: We conducted a search using PubMed and the references of articles previously known to the authors. We selected papers that investigated health outcomes during fetal or childhood development in association with early-life ambient or source-specific air pollution exposure. (3) Results: The current literature reports that prenatal and early-childhood exposures to ambient and traffic-related air pollutants are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in early life, including cardiovascular and metabolic, respiratory and allergic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Very few studies have investigated associations between wildfire-related air pollution exposure and health outcomes during prenatal, postnatal, or childhood development. (4) Conclusion: Evidence from January 2000 to January 2022 supports a role for prenatal and early-childhood air pollution exposures adversely affecting health outcomes during development. Future studies are needed to identify both detrimental air pollutants from the exposure mixture and critical exposure time periods, investigate emerging exposure sources such as wildfire, and develop feasible interventional tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Gheissari
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nathan Pavlovic
- Sonoma Technology Inc., 1450 N. McDowell Blvd., Suite 200, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Lee M, Lim S, Kim YS, Khalmuratova R, Shin SH, Kim I, Kim HJ, Kim DY, Rhee CS, Park JW, Shin HW. DEP-induced ZEB2 promotes nasal polyp formation via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:340-357. [PMID: 33957165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are associated with the prevalence and exacerbation of allergic respiratory diseases, including allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, DEP-induced mechanistic pathways promoting upper airway disease and their clinical implications remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the mechanisms by which DEP exposure contributes to nasal polyposis using human-derived epithelial cells and a murine nasal polyp (NP) model. METHODS Gene set enrichment and weighted gene coexpression network analyses were performed. Cytotoxicity, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and nasal polyposis were assessed. Effects of DEP exposure on EMT were determined using epithelial cells from normal people or patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without NPs. BALB/c mice were exposed to DEP through either a nose-only exposure system or nasal instillation, with or without house dust mite, followed by zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB)2 small hairpin RNA delivery. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses revealed that DEP exposure triggered EMT features in airway epithelial cells. Similarly, DEP-exposed human nasal epithelial cells exhibited EMT characteristics, which were dependent on ZEB2 expression. Human nasal epithelial cells derived from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis presented more prominent EMT features after DEP treatment, when compared with those from control subjects and patients with NPs. Coexposure to DEP and house dust mite synergistically increased the number of NPs, epithelial disruptions, and ZEB2 expression. Most importantly, ZEB2 inhibition prevented DEP-induced EMT, thereby alleviating NP formation in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that DEP facilitated NP formation, possibly via the promotion of ZEB2-induced EMT. ZEB2 may be a therapeutic target for DEP-induced epithelial damage and related airway diseases, including NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Lee
- Obstructive Upper airway Research Laboratory, the Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Suha Lim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research Laboratory, the Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi Sook Kim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research Laboratory, the Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Obstructive Upper airway Research Laboratory, the Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper airway Research Laboratory, the Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Santiago ÍS, Silva TFA, Marques EV, Barreto FMDS, Ferreira AG, Rocha CA, Mendonça KV, Cavalcante RM. Influence of the seasonality and of urban variables in the BTEX and PM 2.5 atmospheric levels and risks to human health in a tropical coastal city (Fortaleza, CE, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42670-42682. [PMID: 33818727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies benzene in group 1 (carcinogenic to humans). Particulate matter (PM) has recently also been classified in this category. This was an advance toward prioritizing the monitoring of particles in urban areas. The aim of the present study was to assess levels of PM2.5 and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), the influence of meteorological variables, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and urban variables as well as risks to human health in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in the wet and dry periods. BTEX compounds were sampled using the 1501 method of NIOSH and determined by GC-HS-PID/FID. PM2.5 was monitored using an air sampling pump with a filter holder and determined by the gravimetric method. Average concentrations of BTEX ranged from 1.6 to 45.5 μg m-3, with higher values in the wet period, which may be explained by the fact that annual distribution is influenced by meteorological variables and the PBL. PM2.5 levels ranged from 4.12 to 33.0 μg m-3 and 4.18 to 86.58 μg m-3 in the dry and wet periods, respectively. No seasonal pattern was found for PM2.5, probably due to the influence of meteorological variables, the PBL, and urban variables. Cancer risk ranged from 2.46E-04 to 4.71E-03 and 1.72E-04 to 2.01E-03 for benzene and from 3.07E-06 to 7.04E-05 and 3.08E-06 to 2.85E-05 for PM2.5 in the wet and dry periods, respectively. Cancer risk values for benzene were above the acceptable limit established by the international regulatory agency in both the dry and wet periods. The results obtained of the noncarcinogenic risks for the compounds toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were within the limits of acceptability. The findings also showed that the risk related to PM is always greater among smokers than nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íthala S Santiago
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Tamiris F A Silva
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Elissandra V Marques
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Francisco M de S Barreto
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - IFCE, Fortaleza Campus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Earth Observation Labomar Laboratory (EOLLab), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Camille A Rocha
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Kamila V Mendonça
- Laboratory of Economics, Law and Sustainability (LEDS/LABOMAR), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil.
- Undergraduate Course in Environmental Science - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60165-081, Brazil.
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Rosario Filho NA, Satoris RA, Scala WR. Allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollutants in Latin America: A systematic review. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100574. [PMID: 34471459 PMCID: PMC8387759 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to evaluate the most frequent pollutants and their effect on allergic rhinitis in Latin American countries. Observational studies up to December 2020 and comparing different indoor and outdoor pollutants that had allergic rhinitis (AR) as an outcome were included in the systematic review. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for the presence of allergic rhinitis. Estimates were presented as pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-two publications comprised this review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 12 had data that could be analyzed statistically. The most frequent pollutant was PM10, followed by NO2 /O3 and PM2.5 in studies conducted in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Peru. The OR of an exposed subject experiencing allergic rhinitis was 1.43 (95% CI 1.026; 1.980). The OR of children and adolescents experiencing of allergic rhinitis was 1.359 (95% CI 1.051; 1.759). Asymmetry and great variability in the effect estimated from the selected studies were observed. The publication bias was quantified by Kendall's correlation and Egger's test resulted in 0.152 (p-value = 0.493). Egger's test provided an intercept equal to 2.511 and a p-value = 0.398. The I2 statistic was 89.3% and reinforces the hypothesis of heterogeneity. This first systematic review conducted in Latin America confirmed the chance of a person exposed to pollutants and experiencing allergic rhinitis is 43% greater than that of a non-exposed person, reinforcing the importance of policies to reduce pollutant exposure and the use of protection systems for workforces exposed to occupational pollutants in work environments.
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Schwarzbach HL, Mady LJ, Lee SE. What is the Role of Air Pollution in Chronic Rhinosinusitis? Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2020; 40:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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E Almeida LDO, Favaro A, Raimundo-Costa W, Anhê ACBM, Ferreira DC, Blanes-Vidal V, Dos Santos Senhuk APM. Influence of urban forest on traffic air pollution and children respiratory health. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:175. [PMID: 32055978 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the air quality, the prevalence of child respiratory morbidity, and the association between them, in urban areas where concentrations of pollutants are expected to be below national limits. The monitoring of PM10, NO2 and O3 was performed in five schools, during 9 months. Information about respiratory diseases and associated symptoms were collected from each student using a questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. The PM10 and NO2 concentrations were higher at points closer to roads and avenues with intense vehicle flow and lower at the point closer to a park, with dense vegetation. All sampling points exceeded the annual limit established by WHO for PM10. Some maximum PM10 concentrations recorded close to the road was six times higher than the international limit. In total, 340 answered questionnaires were collected (68% response rate). Respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, sneezing, running nose, tearing, and itchy eyes had positive and strong correlation to the primary pollutants (0.70 to 0.87), but the frequency of some symptoms was lower close to the urban forest. Therefore, our results confirm the importance of creating and maintaining green areas in urban space, considering all ecosystem services provided by them, especially the improvement of air quality. In addition, a continuous program to monitor and control atmospheric pollution is required in mid-sized counties located nearby important roads, with growing fleets of vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Oliveira E Almeida
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Favaro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - William Raimundo-Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deusmaque Carneiro Ferreira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark - SDU, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana Paula Milla Dos Santos Senhuk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Park M, Lee JS, Park MK. The Effects of Air Pollutants on the Prevalence of Common Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases in South Korea: A National Population-Based Study. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 12:294-300. [PMID: 30813711 PMCID: PMC6635704 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effects of air pollutants on upper airway disease development have been seldom studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of ENT diseases. Methods We identified cases of ENT disease occurring in 2009, as recorded by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and explored their associations with the levels of five air pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM10 particles; particulates ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter). Subjects diagnosed with at least one of the five studied ENT diseases were included in analysis, but those aged under 19 years were excluded. Linear associations between ENT disease frequency and pollutant levels were evaluated by calculating Spearman correlations. After adjusting for age, gender, and geographic region, multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 7,399 subjects with ENT diseases were identified. A linear association was evident between PM10 concentration and the frequency of septal deviation (Spearman coefficient, 0.507; P=0.045). After adjustment, the PM10 level was associated with high odds ratios for chronic rhinosinusitis (1.22; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.46) and septal deviation (1.43; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.67). Both of these conditions were more prevalent in males. Conclusion We found that increased ambient concentrations of PM10 particles were clearly associated with increased the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis and septal deviation; the exposure-response relationship was definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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London NR, Lina I, Ramanathan M. Aeroallergens, air pollutants, and chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 4:209-215. [PMID: 30506053 PMCID: PMC6251962 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are among the most common conditions worldwide with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Although the pathogenesis of these conditions is multifactorial, there has been increasing evidence for the role of environmental factors such as aeroallergens and air pollutants as initiating or exacerbating factors. This review will outline the current literature focusing on the role of aeroallergens and air pollution in the pathogenesis of chronic sinonasal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Bose S, Romero K, Psoter KJ, Curriero FC, Chen C, Johnson CM, Kaji D, Breysse PN, Williams DL, Ramanathan M, Checkley W, Hansel NN. Association of traffic air pollution and rhinitis quality of life in Peruvian children with asthma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193910. [PMID: 29561906 PMCID: PMC5862476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution exposure may contribute to rhinoconjunctivitis morbidity in children with underlying airways disease. Prior studies have not assessed rhinoconjunctivitis-related quality of life (QOL) in children with asthma chronically exposed to air pollution. Methods Children ages 9–19 years with asthma from peri-urban Peru, self-reporting rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms (n = 484), were administered the Rhinoconjunctivitis QOL Questionnaire (RQLQ) at repeated intervals over one year, with scores dichotomized into bothered (>0) and not bothered (= 0). Individual weekly exposures to particulate matter<2.5μm (PM2.5) and its black carbon (BC) component were estimated by inverse distance weighted methods. Generalized estimating equations, adjusting for covariates, estimated associations of PM2.5 and BC with QOL. Results Participants were on average 13 years old, 55% female, and majority were atopic (77%). Mean (SD) PM2.5 and BC concentrations were 21(3.2) μg/m3 and 4.4(1.5) μg/m3, respectively. In adjusted multi-pollutant models, each 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of worse rhinoconjunctivitis QOL (OR;[95% CI]: 1.83;[1.33,2.52]). A 10% increase in the BC proportion was associated with higher rhinitis burden (OR;[95% CI]: 1.80;[1.22,2.66]), while increases in the non-BC component of PM did not significantly impact rhinoconjunctivitis QOL. Associations were similar regardless of atopy. Conclusion Higher PM2.5 and BC exposure is associated with worse rhinitis QOL among asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bose
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, the GASP investigators, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Karina Romero
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Psoter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Curriero
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Chen Chen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Johnson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Deepak Kaji
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, the GASP investigators, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Patrick N. Breysse
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - D’Ann L. Williams
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - William Checkley
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nadia N. Hansel
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gouveia N, Corrallo FP, Leon ACPD, Junger W, Freitas CUD. Air pollution and hospitalizations in the largest Brazilian metropolis. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51:117. [PMID: 29211200 PMCID: PMC5708266 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of air pollution on hospitalizations for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in the largest Brazilian metropolis. METHODS This study was carried out at the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. Environmental data were obtained from the network of monitoring stations of nine municipalities. Air pollution exposure was measured by daily means of PM10 (particles with a nominal mean aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) per municipality, while daily counts of hospitalizations for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases within the Brazilian Unified Health System were the outcome. For each municipality a time series analysis was carried out in which a semiparametric Poisson regression model was the framework to explain the daily fluctuations on counts of hospitalizations over time. The results were combined in a meta-analysis to estimate the overall risk of PM10 in hospitalizations for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases at the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. RESULTS Regarding hospitalizations for respiratory diseases, the effect estimates were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all municipalities, except Santo André and Taboão da Serra. The RR (Relative Risk) of this outcome for an increase of 10 µg/m3 in the levels of PM10 ranged from 1.011 (95%CI 1.009–1.013) for São Paulo to 1.032 (95%CI 1.024–1.040) in São Bernardo do Campo. The RR of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children for an increase of 10 µg/m3 of PM10 ranged from 1.009 (95%CI 1.001–1.017) in Santo André to 1.077 (95%CI 1.056–1.098) in Mauá. Only São Paulo and São Bernardo do Campo presented positive and statistically significant results for hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to estimate the risk of illness from air pollution in the set of municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. Global estimates of the effect of exposure to pollution in the region indicated associations only with respiratory diseases. Only São Paulo and São Bernardo do Campo showed an association between the levels of PM10 and hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Gouveia
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Flavia Prado Corrallo
- Coordenadoria de Vigilância a Saúde do Município de Diadema. Núcleo de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental. Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Washington Junger
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Clarice Umbelino de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Hospital das Clinicas. Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 39. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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He S, Mou Z, Peng L, Chen J. Impacts of meteorological and environmental factors on allergic rhinitis in children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:797-806. [PMID: 27778095 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological and environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). An understanding of the risk factors will facilitate the development of diagnostic and preventative tools for AR children and improve their quality of life. However, research on the impact of these factors on subjective symptoms in AR children remains scarce. This study explored the relationships between subjective symptoms in pollen and dust mite positive AR children, and meteorological and environmental factors. Using a linear mixed effect model, we analyzed the correlations between monthly data on the subjective symptoms of 351 AR children (from the Shanghai Children's Medical Center) and meteorological and environmental factors during 2013. The monthly meteorological and environmental data were provided by the Shanghai Meteorological Service and Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau. Temperature and humidity were negatively correlated with the subjective symptom score, with a 0.04 point increase observed for every 1 °C decrease in temperature (P < 0.0001) or 10 % decline in humidity (P = 0.0412). The particulate matter (PM) 10 and PM2.5 concentrations were positively correlated with the subjective symptom score, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5 yielding a 0.02 (P = 0.0235) and 0.03 (P = 0.0281) increase in the subjective symptom score, respectively. In conclusion, meteorological and environmental factors were correlated with subjective symptoms in AR children. Low temperatures, lower humidity, and high PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations aggravated subjective symptoms in AR children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhe Mou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment and Health, Meteorological Bureau of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environment and Health, Meteorological Bureau of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Paulucci BP, Pereira J, Picciarelli P, Levy D, di Francesco RC. Expression of CysLTR1 and 2 in Maturating Lymphocytes of Hyperplasic Tonsils Compared to Peripheral Cells in Children. Inflammation 2017; 39:1216-24. [PMID: 27115897 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptors 1 and 2 (CysLTR1 and 2) are related to allergic inflammatory responses. Recent studies demonstrated their role in lymphocyte division and maturation in the bone marrow. Few data are available about CysLTRs function in lymphocyte maturation in tonsils. The objectives of this study are to compare CysLTRs expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes with expression in maturating lymphocytes of hyperplasic tonsil and to check the influence of respiratory allergies in this process. Leukocytes of peripheral blood (PL) and hyperplasic tonsils of children were immunostained for CysLTR1, CysLTR2, CD3 (T cells), and CD19 (B cells) and read in flow cytometer. Lymphocyte of tonsils were divided in differentiating small cells (SC) and mitotic large cells (LC); percentage of B and T cells expressing CysLTRs was determined, and comparison was done using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Data were analyzed as a whole and categorizing patients according the presence of allergies. Sixty children were enrolled in this study. There was a large expression of CysLTR1 and 2 in CD3+ LC, and such expression decreased progressively in SC and PL. In B cells, the highest expression of CysLTR1 and 2 was found in PL while SC showed the lowest and LC showed the intermediate expression. This pattern kept unchanged in groups of allergic and non-allergic individuals. CysLTRs seem to be involved in lymphocyte maturation that occurs in tonsils, without influence of allergies. New studies aiming the clinic treatment of tonsil hyperplasia must be targeted to the development of drugs capable of blocking both CysLTR1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peres Paulucci
- Department of Otolaryngology of Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - 6° andar - sala 6167, 05403-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Department of Hematology of Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo-Brazil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Picciarelli
- Department of Pathology of Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo-Brazil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Levy
- Laboratory of Research in Hematology of Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo-Brazil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Cantisani di Francesco
- Department of Otolaryngology of Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - 6° andar - sala 6167, 05403-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss the effects of air pollutants on upper airway disease; the topic has hitherto received little attention. RECENT FINDINGS Several epidemiological studies have shown that air pollutants aggravate airway diseases including asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Pollutants also have negative effects on other upper airway diseases such as allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. Traffic-related air pollutants (diesel exhaust particles and nitrogen dioxide and tobacco smoke) have been widely studied in this context. Increasing evidence suggests that particulate matter, photochemical pollutants, and ozone are associated with such conditions. Young children and the obese are more vulnerable. Work in vivo and in vitro has explored the relationships between pollutants and disease, and possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation are all in play. SUMMARY Traffic-derived materials and tobacco smoke are major air pollutants that aggravate upper airway disease. Novel mechanisms of action have been suggested and risk factors have been defined. However, the data are conflicting, and controlled prospective studies are required.
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Santos APM, Segura-Muñoz SI, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Martinez CA, Magosso Takayanagui AM. Traffic-related air pollution biomonitoring with Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. purpurea Boom in Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:39. [PMID: 25632896 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the capacity of Tradescantia pallida in the biomonitoring of air pollution in urban areas with different traffic intensities and under varying environmental conditions. Experiments were carried out in Ribeirão Preto, in the Southeastern Brazil, with more than 660,000 inhabitants and a fleet of more than 485,000 motor vehicles. Ten seedlings of T. pallida were exposed in three areas in the city, differing in traffic vehicle flow, in two seasons (wet and dry). At the end of each sampling period, which lasted 4 months, samples of leaves were collected, and the content of As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, S, and Zn was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The same elements were determined in soil samples for a seasonal characterization in conjunction with secondary data of environmental parameters. Additionally, micronucleus assay with early pollen tetrad cells of Tradescantia (Trad-MN) was conducted by collecting flower buds and analyzing the micronuclei frequencies in pollen mother cells. Although pollutant levels in air were below the Brazilian legal limits, plants exposed in the high-traffic flow area presented higher concentrations of elements related to vehicle emissions, especially under dry conditions, and higher micronuclei frequency in pollen mother cells. These results show the sensitivity of T. pallida to low-level urban air pollution and its suitability as bioindicator for trace elements. This alternative tool for biomonitoring can serve as a support methodology for the adoption of more restrictive public environmental policies in Brazil and extendible to other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula M Santos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil,
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