Gravidade dos acidentes de trabalho atendidos em serviços de emergência

Tendência temporal dos anos potenciais de vida perdidos por acidentes de trabalho fatais segundo raça/cor da pele na Bahia, 2000-2019

Resumo Introdução: poucos estudos buscam evidenciar as diferenças raciais e o impacto social das mortes precoces decorrentes do trabalho, o que contribui para a inexistência de políticas públicas que objetivem superar essas desigualdades. Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal das Taxas de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos (TAPVP) decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho, segundo raça/cor da pele no estado da Bahia, de 2000 a 2019. Métodos: estudo de série temporal, com base em dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM); consideraram-se os óbitos por acidentes de trabalho. Empregou-se o modelo de regressão linear pelo método Joinpoint para análise da série temporal e o cálculo da Variação Percentual Anual (VPA) das TAPVP. Resultados: foram notificados 2.137 óbitos por acidentes de trabalho no período estudado, correspondentes a 64.791,5 APVP, dos quais 74,2% envolveram trabalhadores da raça/cor da pele parda. Destaca-se que a VPA das TAPVP entre trabalhadores pardos e negros foi, respectivamente, 2,3 e 3,0 vezes a VPA dos trabalhadores brancos. Os trabalhadores pardos morreram mais precocemente e tiveram maior perda de anos potenciais de vida em quantidade e maior velocidade de crescimento da TAPVP, comparados com os trabalhadores brancos. Conclusão: a mortalidade precoce por acidentes de trabalho representa um relevante problema de saúde pública, destacando-se entre trabalhadores não-brancos.

Prevalence study on self-declared work accidents in areas covered by family health strategies: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Occupational accidents are a complex phenomenon and a major public health problem. Occupational health surveillance actions are essential for prevention of injuries of this nature.

OBJECTIVE

To ascertain the prevalence of and the variables associated with occupational accidents in the city of Itajubá (MG).

DESIGN AND SETTING

A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, based on a household survey with random sampling, was conducted in areas covered by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Itajubá (MG).

METHODS

Questionnaires were applied to 292 people. The data were analyzed by means of logistic regression.

RESULTS

The prevalence of occupational accidents was 8.6%. The underreporting rate was 60.0%. The scenario for these accidents, according to the model established through the regression analysis, was most likely to involve males who declared their skin color as white and who did not have a formal employment contract.

CONCLUSION

This study makes a contribution towards unveiling the relationship between healthcare and work, and thus serve as support for the development of strategies to prevent underreporting. Lastly, the results provide the basis for future public health intervention actions and for future studies.

Self-reported occupational accidents among Brazil's adult population based on data from the 2013 National Health Survey

Objective:

to provide an overview of occupational accidents among Brazil's adult population.

Methods:

descriptive study using data from the 2013 National Health Survey.

Results:

A total of 4.9 million workers mentioned having suffered some kind of work-related accident, which is equivalent to 3.4% (CI95% 4.6-5.6) of Brazil's adult population. Prevalence rates were higher among men, young adults aged between 18 and 39 years, and black people and in the North Region of the country. Prevalence was highest in the State of Para and lowest in the State of Rio de Janeiro State. Around one third of all accidents were commuting accidents, 50.4% (CI95% 45.3-55.5) of people who had suffered an occupational accident were prevented from carrying out some kind of routine activity due to the accident, 8.8% (CI95% 6.4-11.2) were hospitalized and 19% (CI95% 15.3-22.7) had sequelae resulting from occupational accidents.

Conclusion:

the data provided by the National Health Survey comprises an unprecedented and invaluable source of information on these issues in Brazil. The results of the survey confirm that occupational accidents are underreported, since official figures do not cover individuals working in the informal sector.

Testing the "Work Ability House" Model in hospital workers

OBJECTIVE

To test the Work Ability House model, verifying the hierarchy of proposed dimensions, among a group of hospital workers.

METHODS

A cohort study (2009-2011) was conducted with a sample of 599 workers from a hospital in the city of São Paulo. A questionnaire including sociodemographics, lifestyle and working conditions was used. The Brazilian versions of Job Stress Scale, Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work-Related Activities That May Contribute To Job-Related Pain and/or Injury, and the Work Ability Index (WAI) were also used. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed: the independent variables were allocated into levels according to the dimensions of the theoretical model in order to evaluate the factors associated with work ability.

RESULTS

Variables associated with impairment of work ability in each dimension were as follows: (a) sociodemographics: age < 30 years (p = 0.20), (b) health: without report of occurrence of work injuries (p = 0.029), (c) professional competence: low educational level (p = 0.008), (d) values : intensified in overcommitment (p < 0.001), and (e) work: intensification of effort-reward imbalance (p = 0.009) and high demands (p = 0.040).

CONCLUSION

The results confirmed the dimensions proposed for the Work Ability House model, indicating that it is valid as a representation of a multidimensional construct of multifactorial determination and can be used in the management of work ability.

Injury risk factors to farm and ranch operators in the Central United States

BACKGROUND

This study focused on risk factors for serious injuries in farm and ranch operators in the central United States.

METHODS

The Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, in collaboration with the National Agricultural Statistics Service, sent mail surveys to 6953, 6912, and 6912 farms/ranches in 2011-2013, respectively, covering seven Midwestern states.

RESULTS

The average survey response rate was 35%. The average annual incidence rate (injuries/100 workers) was 6.91 for all injuries and 2.40 for serious injuries. Univariate analyses determined several demographic and farm production-related risk factors for serious injury. Adjusted analysis showed a greater risk of serious injury for operators of age 45-54 years (vs. 65 and higher), those who worked 75-99% of their time (vs. less time), and those who operated larger land areas (vs. smaller).

CONCLUSION

The identified risk factors should be considered when targeting injury prevention programs.

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de LER/DORT entre trabalhadores da indústria no Brasil no período de 2007 a 2013

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de lesões por esforço repetitivo (LER/DORT) entre trabalhadores da indústria no Brasil, notificados no período de 2007 a 2013. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Calcularam-se as proporções dos casos de LER/DORT de acordo com as variáveis do estudo, estimou-se o coeficiente de incidência (CI) das LER/DORT, total e por sexo, e calculou-se a variação proporcional percentual (VPP) no período estudado. Resultados: entre 2007 e 2013 foram notificados 17.537 casos de LER/DORT na Indústria, com um CI total de 7,4/100 mil trabalhadores em 2007 e de 16,7/100 mil em 2013, com uma VPP no período de 126%. Os três principais diagnósticos foram: lesões no ombro (29,3%), transtornos de sinóvias e tendões (14,6%) e dorsalgias (14%). Conclusão: diante do aumento das notificações, observa-se a importância do registro e análise dos casos para o planejamento e instituição de medidas de prevenção e atenção integral à saúde dos trabalhadores de acordo com as especificidades da atividade econômica desenvolvida por eles. Também é fundamental a discussão da responsabilidade das empresas e empregadores sobre o adoecimento dos trabalhadores.

Acidentes de trabalho graves e atividades produtivas nas regiões administrativas de saúde em Pernambuco: uma análise a partir da identificação de aglomerados produtivos locais

Resumo Introdução: Pernambuco passa por transformações que atraem empreendimentos e mão de obra. Objetivo: verificar como as concentrações produtivas estabelecidas nas Regiões Administrativas de Saúde do estado interferiram no perfil e distribuição dos acidentes de trabalho graves no período de 2011 a 2013. Método: utilizou-se o Quociente Locacional para identificar a formação de aglomerados produtivos especializados nas Regiões de Saúde e compará-los com a ocorrência de acidentes graves. Resultados: os mais acidentados foram homens (89,7%) na faixa de 30 a 44 anos. Foram identificados aglomerados produtivos especializados em seis Regiões de Saúde, porém as ocupações com mais registros de acidentes graves foram trabalhador agropecuário (15,4%), pedreiro (8,7%) e servente de obras (4,0%), mesmo onde a atividade agropecuária e a construção civil não representavam o principal setor produtivo. Conclusão: a identificação de aglomerados produtivos possibilitou a compreensão do padrão de organização produtiva no estado, bem como o perfil de trabalhadores acidentados em cada região, permitindo evidenciar os setores produtivos e ocupações prioritárias para a estruturação da vigilância em saúde do trabalhador.

Factors associated with fatal occupational accidents among Mexican workers: a national analysis

OBJECTIVE

To identify the factors associated with fatal occupational injuries in Mexico in 2012 among workers affiliated with the Mexican Social Security Institute.

METHODS

Analysis of secondary data using information from the National Occupational Risk Information System, with the consequence of the occupational injury (fatal versus non-fatal) as the response variable. The analysis included 406,222 non-fatal and 1,140 fatal injuries from 2012. The factors associated with the lethality of the injury were identified using a logistic regression model with the Firth approach.

RESULTS

Being male (OR=5.86; CI95%: 4.22-8.14), age (OR=1.04; CI95%: 1.03-1.06), employed in the position for 1 to 10 years (versus less than 1 year) (OR=1.37; CI95%: 1.15-1.63), working as a facilities or machine operator or assembler (OR: 3.28; CI95%: 2.12- 5.07) and being a worker without qualifications (OR=1.96; CI95%: 1.18-3.24) (versus an office worker) were associated with fatality in the event of an injury. Additionally, companies classified as maximum risk (OR=1.90; CI 95%: 1.38-2.62), workplace conditions (OR=7.15; CI95%: 3.63-14.10) and factors related to the work environment (OR=9.18; CI95%:4.36-19.33) were identified as risk factors for fatality in the event of an occupational injury.

CONCLUSIONS

Fatality in the event of an occupational injury is associated with factors related to sociodemographics (age, sex and occupation), the work environment and workplace conditions. Worker protection policies should be created for groups with a higher risk of fatal occupational injuries in Mexico.

Emergency room visits for work-related injuries: characteristics and associated factors - capitals and the Federal District, Brazil, 2011

Work-related injuries, often classified as occupational injuries (OI), stand out among visits due to external causes (accidents and violence) in health services. To describe the characteristics and factors associated with emergency room visits for OI, a cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Survey of Violence and Injuries in Emergency Services (VIVA Inquérito 2011) in 24 state capitals and the Federal District. The prevalence of treatment for OI and prevalence ratios (PR) with confidence intervals of 95% (95%CI) were calculated. There were 29,463 emergency room visits due to accidental injuries in the population above 18 years of age. The prevalence of OI was 33.4% and was positively and significantly associated with the male gender, age 30-59 years old, industrial workers, agricultural sector or repair and maintenance services. The occurrence of OI was significantly higher in attendance for objects falling on people (PR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.80 to 4.05) and injuries due to perforating object (PR = 3.01, 95% CI 2.50-3.65). The results support the surveillance of external causes and direct public policies to promote occupational health.

Urinary lithiasis in civil construction workers as a management indicator for health and improvement in personnel

INTRODUCTION

Empirical information provided by health care professionals acting in the first line of care report a constant increase in the number of civil construction workers that present painful acute conditions, in most cases associated with the existence of urinary tract calculi.

AIMS

Evaluating the prevalence of urinary lithiasis in civil construction workers, as a means to identify indicators for the management of health and personnel.

METHODS

Observational study based on directed questionnaire.

RESULTS

From the 94 participants, 18 (19%) were lithiasic, mostly due to overweight and reduced fluid intake.

CONCLUSION

The observed prevalence appeared to be two times greater than that of the general population. Thus, prevention for such condition gains relevance, in order to avoid discomfort for the worker, and also reduce costs due to absenteeism, improving productivity, benefiting the workers by performance and creating the perspective of an improved quality of life.

Health care costs and the socioeconomic consequences of work injuries in Brazil: a longitudinal study

Work injuries are a worldwide public health problem but little is known about their socioeconomic impact. This prospective longitudinal study estimates the direct health care costs and socioeconomic consequences of work injuries for 406 workers identified in the emergency departments of the two largest public hospitals in Salvador, Brazil, from June through September 2005. After hospital discharge workers were followed up monthly until their return to work. Most insured workers were unaware of their rights or of how to obtain insurance benefits (81.6%). Approximately half the cases suffered loss of earnings, and women were more frequently dismissed than men. The most frequently reported family consequences were: need for a family member to act as a caregiver and difficulties with daily expenses. Total costs were US$40,077.00 but individual costs varied widely, according to injury severity. Out-of-pocket costs accounted for the highest proportion of total costs (50.5%) and increased with severity (57.6%). Most out-of-pocket costs were related to transport and purchasing medicines and other wound care products. The second largest contribution (40.6%) came from the public National Health System - SUS. Employer participation was negligible. Health care funding must be discussed to alleviate the economic burden of work injuries on workers.

[Characteristics of victims and fatal accidents at the workplace]

This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective documental study on fatal accidents occurred during the period from o2006 to 2010, in which workers were treated at Hospital do Trabalhador, located in Curitiba/Parand. We selected 25 notifications for the outcome death. This study aimed to characterize victims and fatal occupational accidents. Fatal occupational accidents hit workers with a mean age of 35 years (SD = 13.0694), of the male sex, n = 23 (92%). Typical occupational accidents accounted for 52% (n = 13) of cases. One of the preventive measures proposed to reduce the number of fatal occupational accidents is the performance of educational and preventive work at the workplace by nurses. Moreover, it is necessary to rethink transit violence as a relevant factor for the cause of death of workers as well.

Características e fatores associados às quedas atendidas em serviços de emergência

OBJETIVO: Analisar as características dos atendimentos decorrentes de quedas em serviços de urgência e emergência e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 12.617 atendimentos decorrentes de quedas registrados no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes, coletados em 23 capitais e Distrito Federal, de setembro a novembro de 2009, por meio de uma amostra por conglomerado. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise de correspondência, por permitir a observação conjunta de um grande número de variáveis qualitativas. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das vítimas foi do sexo masculino (56,5%), faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos (45,7%) e declarados não brancos (62,2%). A maioria das quedas ocorreu na residência (54,6%) e via pública (17,4%); 14,3% foram relacionadas ao trabalho. Os tipos predominantes foram "queda no mesmo nível" (57,0%) e "queda de escada/degrau" (15,6%). A maioria das lesões foi classificada como entorse, luxação, contusão, corte e laceração (68,3%). Quedas dentre as crianças associaram-se à ocorrência na residência; com os adolescentes na escola; e jovens na prática esportiva. Quedas em adultos estiveram associadas ao local de trabalho, queda de andaimes, telhados, escada/degrau e buracos e uso de álcool. As quedas no mesmo nível resultaram em lesões de menor gravidade, em membros inferiores e superiores, e as quedas de andaime e telhado se associaram com lesões de maior gravidade e internações. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram que estratégias para a prevenção das quedas devem ser implantadas particularmente em residências, escolas e ambientes de trabalho.