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Jenks JD, Prattes J, Wurster S, Sprute R, Seidel D, Oliverio M, Egger M, Del Rio C, Sati H, Cornely OA, Thompson GR, Kontoyiannis DP, Hoenigl M. Social determinants of health as drivers of fungal disease. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102325. [PMID: 38053535 PMCID: PMC10694587 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disparities in social determinants of health (SDOH) play a significant role in causing health inequities globally. The physical environment, including housing and workplace environment, can increase the prevalence and spread of fungal infections. A number of professions are associated with increased fungal infection risk and are associated with low pay, which may be linked to crowded and sub-optimal living conditions, exposure to fungal organisms, lack of access to quality health care, and risk for fungal infection. Those involved and displaced from areas of armed conflict have an increased risk of invasive fungal infections. Lastly, a number of fungal plant pathogens already threaten food security, which will become more problematic with global climate change. Taken together, disparities in SDOH are associated with increased risk for contracting fungal infections. More emphasis needs to be placed on systematic approaches to better understand the impact and reducing the health inequities associated with these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Jenks
- Durham County Department of Public Health, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Juergen Prattes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Wurster
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rosanne Sprute
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging – Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center of Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danila Seidel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging – Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center of Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Oliverio
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging – Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Egger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Del Rio
- Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hatim Sati
- Department of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging – Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center of Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Koln), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - George R. Thompson
- University of California Davis Center for Valley Fever, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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Gomes Ferreira D, Gadêlha M, Ricardo Vissoci J, Negri M. Impact of invasive fungal infections in men from a state in southern Brazil: A geospatial analysis. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:771-779. [PMID: 37559424 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the records of male hospitalisation for fungal infections, including their spatial distribution and the main invasive epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS Spatial analysis based on data from male admission records for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in the State of Paraná, from 2015 to 2019. Data were taken from the hospital records obtained in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System, being collected, georeferenced and analysed to infer the existence of autocorrelation with the hospitalisation rates in the state. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, there were 385 cases of IFIs in men, being more prevalent in white individuals aged 61-70 years. We observed that the metropolitan, southeast, central-eastern, north-central, northwestern and western regions formed high-high clusters, with regions with a high number of registered cases. In the regression, there was an association with socioeconomic and demographic factors that showed a correlation with the rates of hospitalisation for IFIs. CONCLUSION The study draws attention to Paraná as an endemic region for paracoccidioidomycosis, in addition to presenting high rates of nosocomial fungal infections. We also emphasise the importance of compulsory notification in the state and in the country to gain greater control over the incidence and prevalence of cases and to incentivise the creation of public policies for the prevention of IFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Gadêlha
- Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Melyssa Negri
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Lenhard-Vidal A, Bender FR, Assolini JP, Maruo AEM, Vieira LT, Pereira EC, Ono MA, Sano A, Itano EN. IgG reactivity profile to Paracoccidioides spp. antigens in people with asymptomatic Paracoccidioidomycosis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33258768 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides spp. As the disease is known to affect mostly men over 40 years old who previously worked handling soil, some cities of agricultural economy in endemic regions may have more cases of paracoccidioidal infection.Gap statement. The true frequency of PCM cannot be established in Brazil because it is not a disease of mandatory reporting. The detection of paracoccidioidal infection may assist in the planning of health services, in order to provide early detection of the disease and to prevent its worsening or even progression to death. In addition, little is described about sera reactivity with antigens from different species of Paracoccidiodes, especially P. lutzii.Aim. Current research was conducted in an inland municipality of southern Brazil, in order to assess infection rate within this endemic region of PCM disease.Methodology. ELISA was employed to evaluate 359 sera from random volunteers from Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, to detect IgG against cell-free antigens (CFA) from P. restrepiensis B339, P. americana LDR3 and P. lutzii LDR2. Confirmatory ELISA employed gp43 from B339. Reduction of cross-reactions was sought by treatment with sodium metaperiodate (SMP-CFA, SMP-gp43). Immunoblot was performed with 37 selected sera among those reactive in ELISA. Epidemiological profile was assessed by questionnaire.Results. ELISA reactivity was: CFA/SMP-CFA in general 37.3/17.8 %, B339 25.3/14.5 %, LDR3 24.5/1.4 %, LDR2 8.3/5.8 %; gp43/SMP-gp43 7.2/4.7 %. There were sera reactive with multiple CFAs. In immunoblot, five sera showed the same reaction profile with P. lutzii's antigens as PCM disease sera. Rural residence and soil-related professions were risk factors for paracoccidioidal infection.Conclusion. The low prevalence is in accordance with previous reports of lower PCM disease endemicity in Guarapuava than in other areas of Paraná. Although P. brasiliensis seems to be the prevalent strain of the region, 21 sera from people who only lived in Guarapuava reacted with P. lutzii LDR2. CFA-ELISA with whole antigens seems a good option for serological screening in epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Lenhard-Vidal
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,University Center Campo Real, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayako Sano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Silva Tristão L, Vieira Rocha Rodrigues A, Gazolla Ribeiro M, Barbosa Dantas Teixeira M, Coelho Cecato V. Paracoccidioidomicose na gestação: relato de caso. HU REVISTA 2019. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2019.v45.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: a paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. O Brasil é considerado país endêmico da doença, que afeta principalmente trabalhadores rurais adultos, do sexo masculino, em contato constante com a vegetação e solo. Objetivo: relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente gestante de 23 anos, apresentando linfadenomegalia em região cervical, supraclavicular e axilar de origem desconhecida, moradora de área urbana em Juiz de Fora – MG e seguimento de diagnóstico e tratamento durante período de internação em unidade hospitalar. Relato de caso: as informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário a partir da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, entrevista com a paciente, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos aos quais a paciente foi submetida e revisão da literatura; realizada biópsia do linfonodo acometido, obtendo o laudo histopatológico de Paracoccidioidomicose. Terapêutica medicamentosa específica foi administrada em regime hospitalar e o quadro sintomático da paciente prosseguiu com involução. A paciente segue em acompanhamento em pré-natal na unidade, não observando, até o momento, repercussões materno-fetais ao uso da Anfotericina B, prosseguindo assim, com involução do quadro. Conclusão: verificou-se que a Paracoccidioidomicose na gravidez deve ser abordada clinicamente de forma atenta e enérgica tendo em vista minimizar ou tornar nulas as repercussões materno-fetais graves.
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Voice disorders in residual paracoccidioidomycosis in upper airways and digestive tract. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:180-184. [PMID: 28583268 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis of acute and chronic evolution, caused by species belonging to the genus Paracoccidioides. It is considered the most prevalent systemic endemic mycosis in Latin America, with cases in the tropical and subtropical regions. Residual PCM refers to the fibrotic scar sequelae resulting from the disease treatment which, when associated with collagen accumulation, leads to functional and anatomic alterations in the organs. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the vocal function of patients with residual PCM in upper airways and digestive tract. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in 2010 in a cohort of 21 patients with residual PCM in upper airways and digestive tract. RESULTS The average age was 49.48±9.1 years, and only two (9.5%) patients were female. The study was performed in the 1-113 month-period (median 27) after the end of drug treatment. Five (23.8%) patients had alterations in the larynx as a sequela of the disease. However, all patients had vocal changes in vocal auditory perceptual analysis by GRBASI scale. The computerized acoustic analysis using the software Vox Metria, showed that 11 patients (52.4%) presented alterations in jitter, 15 (71.4%) in shimmer, 8 (38.1%) in F0, 4 (19%) in glottal to noise excitation (GNE), 7 (33.3%) in the presence of noise and 12 (57.1%) in the presence of vibratory irregularity. CONCLUSIONS The great frequency of alterations in residual PCM suggests that the patients in such phase could benefit from a multidisciplinary treatment, offering them integral monitoring of the disease, including speech rehabilitation after the PCM is healed.
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Martinez R. New Trends in Paracoccidioidomycosis Epidemiology. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3010001. [PMID: 29371520 PMCID: PMC5715958 DOI: 10.3390/jof3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease occurring in Latin America and more prevalent in South America. The disease is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides spp. whose major hosts are humans and armadillos. The fungus grows in soil and its infection is associated with exposure to the rural environment and to agricultural activities, with a higher risk in coffee and tobacco plantations. Population studies assessing the reactivity to Paracoccidioides spp. antigens by intradermal reaction or serological tests have detected previous subclinical infections in a significant proportion of healthy individuals living in various endemic countries. Paracoccidioidomycosis-disease is manifested by a small minority of infected individuals. The risk of developing the disease and its type of clinical form are related to the personal and life style characteristics of infected individuals, including genetic background, age, sex, ethnicity, smoking habit, alcohol drinking, and eventual cellular immunosuppression. Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, and Ecuador have endemic areas that had already been defined in the 20th century. The incidence of paracoccidioidomycosis can be altered by climate phenomena and mainly by human migration and occupation of poorly explored territories. In Brazil, the endemy tends to expand towards the North and Center-West around the Amazon Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
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Loth EA, Cecatto V, Biazim SK, Ferreira JHF, Danielli C, Genske RD, Gandra RF, Franco MFD. EXPERIMENTAL PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN PREGNANT RATS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:515-8. [PMID: 27049707 PMCID: PMC4727139 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides
brasiliensis (Pb), is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. There are
few reports in the literature about the disease damages during pregnancy and the
consequences to the fetuses and breeding. This study evaluated the implications of
PCM during pregnancy on offspring and mothers in Wistar rats. Groups of rats were
submitted to systemic Pb infection, by intraperitoneal infusion, and mated 30 days
after the infection date. Immediately after birth, rats and neonates were sacrificed
to obtain organs for standard histological examination, morphometric analysis, fungi
recovery by plating (CFU) and dosing of anti-Pb antibodies by ELISA. There were no
stillbirths or miscarriages, however, the fetuses from infected pregnant rats had
lower body and organ weight but the fertility rate was 100%. The largest number of
CFU was recovered from the organ of pregnant rats, the pathological examination
revealed more severe infection in the same group, further on the largest number of
granulomas and fungal field. It can be concluded that the PCM was more severe in the
group of pregnant rats, with implications to the weight of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alexandre Loth
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Cecatto
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Samia Khalil Biazim
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Caroline Danielli
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Daniel Genske
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
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Abstract
The epidemiological characteristics of paracoccidioidomycosis were reviewed and
updated. The new endemic areas in Brazil were discussed in the section regarding the
geographic distribution of the mycosis. Subclinical infection with
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was discussed on the basis of skin
test surveys with antigens of the fungus, seroepidemiological studies, and disease
cases outside Latin America. Large case series permitted a comparison of the
prevalence of the mycosis in different regions, its estimated incidence and risk
factors for the development of the disease. Aspects modulating the expression of the
clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis are also presented. This review also deals
with diseases associated with the mycosis, opportunistic paracoccidioidomycosis,
lethality, mortality and infection and disease in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martinez
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Western blotting is an efficient tool for differential diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1887-8. [PMID: 22971781 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00252-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sputum and sera from 134 patients screened for tuberculosis (TB) were analyzed to investigate TB and paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Of these patients, 11 (8.2%) were confirmed to have TB, but six (4.5%) were positive only for PCM. All patients with PCM presented anti-43-kDa-component antibodies in Western blotting (WB) assays, while in the TB-positive patients these antibodies did not appear. This preliminary study suggests WB as a potential tool for differential laboratory diagnosis between TB and PCM.
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Guimarães Soares L, de Souza Rezende C, Gomes da Silva D, Vieira Falabella M, Muniz Barretto Tinoco E. WITHDRAWN: The importance of early diagnosis in oral manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis. DENTAL CADMOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Loth EA, Castro SV, Silva JRD, Gandra RF. Occurrence of 102 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis in 18 months in the Itaipu Lake region, Western Paraná. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 44:636-7. [PMID: 22031083 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011000500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study investigated the incidence of disease and death events among patients with paracoccidioidomycosis who were residents in the Itaipu Lake region from 2008 to 2009. METHODS A review of patient records was conducted at the Department of Tuberculosis of the Epidemiology Center of the City of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. RESULTS The results identified 102 new cases of paracoccidioidomycosis in the period described, 72 men and 30 women, and 15 deaths were recorded during the study. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the Itaipu Lake region is an endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alexandre Loth
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil.
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Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most important endemic and systemic mycoses in Latin America, presents several clinical pictures. Epidemiological studies indicate a striking rarity of disease (but not infection) in females, but only during the reproductive years. This suggested a hormonal interaction between female hormones and the etiologic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Many fungi have been shown to use hormonal (pheromonal) fungal molecules for intercellular communication, and there are increasing numbers of examples of interactions between mammalian hormones and fungi, including the specific binding of mammalian hormones by fungal proteins, and suggestions of mammalian hormonal modulation of fungal behavior. This suggests an evolutionary conservation of hormonal receptor systems. We recount studies showing the specific hormonal binding of mammalian estrogen to proteins in P. brasiliensis and an action of estrogen to specifically block the transition from the saprophytic form to the invasive form of the fungus in vitro. This block has been demonstrated to occur in vivo in animal studies. These unique observations are consistent with an estrogen-fungus receptor-mediated effect on pathogenesis. The fungal genes responsive to estrogen action are under study.
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Freitas RMCD, Prado R, Prado FLSD, Paula IBD, Figueiredo MTA, Ferreira CS, Goulart EMA, Pedroso ERP. Pulmonary paracoccidoidomycosis: radiology and clinical-epidemiological evaluation. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:651-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare respiratory signs and symptoms between patients with and without chest X-ray abnormalities in order to establish the meaning of radiographic findings in pulmonary PCM diagnosis. METHODS: The epidemiological, clinical and radiological lung findings of 44 patients with paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups of 23 and 21 individuals according to the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of chest X-ray abnormalities, respectively, and their clinical data was analyzed with the aid of statistical tools. RESULTS: As a general rule, patients were rural workers, young adult males and smokers - group 1 and 2, respectively: males (91.3% and 66.7%); mean age (44.4 and 27.9 year-old); smoking (34.7% and 71.4 %); acute/subacute presentation (38.1% and 21.7%); chronic presentation (61.9% and 78.3%). The most frequent respiratory manifestations were - group 1 and 2, respectively: cough (25% and 11.4%) and dyspnea (22.7% and 6.8%). No statistical difference was observed in pulmonary signs and symptoms between patients with or without radiographic abnormalities. The most frequent radiological finding was nodular (23.8%) or nodular-fibrous (19%), bilateral (90.5%) and diffuse infiltrates (85.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Absence of statistical difference in pulmonary signs and symptoms between these two groups of patients with PCM indicates clinical-radiological dissociation. A simplified classification of radiological lung PCM findings is suggested, based on correlation of these data and current literature review.
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[Endemic fungal pathogens in a rural setting of Argentina: seroepidemiological study in dogs]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2010; 27:14-9. [PMID: 20097588 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three fungal species causing human disease, namely Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides sp., are endemic in different areas of Argentina. Rates of infection in domestic dogs have been used in other Latin American countries as indicators of the presence of these pathogens in a given area. We used such an approach to investigate the epidemiological relevance of paracoccidiodomycosis, histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis in our country. AIM To investigate the presence of P. brasiliensis, H. capsulatum and Coccidioides sp. in a rural area of Argentina called Interfluvio Teuco-Bermejito, located in Chaco province. METHODS We applied Western Blotting to determine the presence of specific antibodies in sera from 89 domestic dogs inhabiting the area. Antibodies against the following extra-cellular fungal antigens were investigated: gP43 of P. brasiliensis, H/M of H. capsulatum and 120, 82 and 48kDa antigen bands of Coccidioides sp. RESULTS Specific antibodies against H. capsulatum were found in 9/89 (10%) sera: 8 reacted against both H and M antigens and 1 only reacted against antigen M. Of these 9 sera, one showed additional anti-gp43 activity and another reacted against all the fungal antigens tested. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study using dog infection to assess the presence of endemic fungal pathogens in Argentina. Our results suggest that H. capsulatum is the main dimorphic fungal pathogen in the Interfluvio Teuco-Bermejito area. Therefore, the diagnosis of histoplasmosis should be taken into account in patients living in this geographic region who show pulmonary or mucocutaneous symptoms compatible with the disease.
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Campos MVS, Penna GO, Castro CND, Moraes MAPD, Ferreira MS, Santos JB. [Paracoccidioidomycosis at Brasilias university hospital]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2008; 41:169-72. [PMID: 18545838 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822008000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-six paracoccidioidomycosis patients attended at the university hospital of Brasília from 1984 to 2005 were studied. 82.9% were male and the mean age was 42 years. 54.9% of the patients were engaged in farming activities. Among the patients with the chronic form, 87% were smokers and 55.3% consumed alcohol. Among 71 patients without HIV/AIDS coinfection: a) paracoccidioidomycosis was recurrent in 21 (29.6%); b) the chronic or mixed form affected 77.5% of patients, predominantly in the oropharynx (70.9%) and lungs (67.3%), with lymph node lesions in 29.8%, laryngeal lesions in 27.3% and cutaneous lesions in 16.4%; c) in the acute/subacute form, lymph node lesions predominated (81.3%), followed by cutaneous lesions in 43.8%, which resulted in severe disease in 62.5% and moderate disease in 37.5%. Five patients had HIV/AIDS coinfection and three of them presented disseminated fungal infection together with marked immunosuppression.
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Clinical Usefulness of ELISPOT Assay on Pericardial Fluid in a Case of Suspected Tuberculous Pericarditis. Infection 2008; 36:601-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-008-7402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Valera ET, Mori BM, Engel EE, Costa IS, Brandão DF, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Queiroz RGDP, Silveira VDS, Scrideli CA, Tone LG. Fungal infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mimicking bone tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:1284-6. [PMID: 18266221 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection causes a systemic mycosis originally described in Latin America but with current reports of worldwide distribution. The clinical presentation of paracoccidiodomycosis as an isolated long-bone lesion in children is quite unusual. This article describes a 10-year-old male with a lytic femoral bone lesion caused by P. brasiliensis infection that was first suspected of being of neoplasic etiology. The text also emphasizes the importance of including endemic fungal infections in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Terci Valera
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lupi O, Tyring SK, McGinnis MR. Tropical dermatology: fungal tropical diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 53:931-51, quiz 952-4. [PMID: 16310053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.10.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fungal infections are common in tropical countries and can have an important impact on public health. Lobomycosis is a common fungal infection in the tropical rain forest of South America, and paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is a widespread and sometimes severe illness. Penicilliosis marneffei is an opportunistic infection of AIDS patients in southeast Asia. Chromoblastomycosis and mycetomas are causes of morbidity around the world. Sporotrichosis is a worldwide subcutaneous mycosis with a high incidence in tropical countries and is an important illness in immunocompromised patients. Rhinosporidiosis was classed as a fungal infection but is now considered a protistan parasite that belongs to the class Mesomycetozoea. It is included in this review because of its historical classification. In the past, most of these mycoses were restricted to specific geographic areas and natural reservoirs. There are, however, situations in which people from other regions come in contact with the pathogen. A common situation involves an accidental contamination of a traveler or worker who has contact with a tropical mycosis. Even minor trauma to the skin surface or inhalation of the fungal conidia can infect the patient. Thus recognition of the clinical symptoms and the dermatologic findings of the diseases, as well as the geographic distribution of the pathogens, can be critical in diagnosis of the tropical mycoses. This review discusses some of the more common tropical subcutaneous and systemic mycoses, as well as their signs, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and therapies. LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be able to recognize the clinical and histologic presentations of tropical fungal diseases with cutaneous manifestations and be familiar with the appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Lupi
- Department of Medical Clinics (Dermatology), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fornajeiro N, Maluf MLF, Takahachi G, Svidzinski TIE. [Paracoccidioidomycosis epidemiological survey using gp43, in two cities of northwestern region of Paraná, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2005; 38:191-3. [PMID: 15821799 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822005000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An epidemiological survey was performed in 118 workers from northwestern Paraná state using gp43 as antigen, the positivity was 43%. This result, plus the weather conditions, which are favorable for fungus development, underscores that this region is an endemic area for paracoccidioidomycosis and is a reservoir of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Fornajeiro
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR
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Elias J, dos Santos AC, Carlotti CG, Colli BO, Canheu A, Matias C, Furlanetti L, Martinez R, Takayanagui OM, Sakamoto AC, Serafini LN, Chimelli L. Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: diagnosis and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 63 Suppl 1:S13-21; discussion S21. [PMID: 15629337 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in paracoccidioidomycosis is higher than previously thought and 2 clinical presentations have been reported, meningitis and pseudotumoral. METHODS Twenty medical records of patients with CNS paracoccidioidomycosis treated from 1986 to 2003 were analyzed. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 18 years (mean = 8.9 +/- 4.2). RESULTS Besides CNS paracoccidioidomycosis, all patients but one had the chronic systemic form and the pseudotumoral clinical presentation was the most frequent. Based on computed tomography scan findings, 4 image patterns were identified: low-density lesion with ring enhancement, lesion with calcification and ring enhancement, multiloculated low-density lesion with ring enhancement, and diffuse subarachnoid enhancement. The magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 3 patients and showed subarachnoid enhancement in 1 patient and heterogeneous lesion with ring enhancement in 2 patients. Eleven patients were submitted to medical treatment and 9 needed neurosurgical treatment; ventriculoperitoneal shunts in 4 patients, brain lesions resection in 3 patients, and partial resection of spinal cord lesions in 2 patients. Eleven patients had excellent outcome, 4 patients died, 3 are in good clinical condition with residual pulmonary dysfunction, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis with involvement of the CNS is difficult and clinical suspicion is a key point to achieve the correct diagnosis. Patients with early diagnosis have a favorable outcome with clinical or surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Elias
- Division of Imaging, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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