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Arifa RDN, de Paula TP, Lima RL, Brito CB, Andrade MER, Cardoso VN, Pinheiro MVB, Ladeira LO, Krambrock K, Teixeira MM, Fagundes CT, Souza DG. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the nanocomposite Fullerol decrease the severity of intestinal inflammation induced by gut ischemia and reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173984. [PMID: 33647256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia is a vascular emergency that arises when blood flow to the intestine is compromised. Reperfusion is necessary to restore intestinal function but might lead to local and systemic inflammatory responses and bacterial translocation, with consequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). During reperfusion occurs production of reactive oxygen species. These species contribute to intestinal injury through direct toxicity or activation of inflammatory pathways. Fullerol is a nanacomposite which has been shown to act as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavengers. Thus, our aim was to evaluate whether Fullerol confer anti-inflammatory activity during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IIR). Intestinal ischemia was induced by total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Groups were treated with vehicle or Fullerol 10 min before reperfusion. Mice were euthanized after 6 h of reperfusion, and small intestines were collected for evaluation of plasma extravasation, leukocyte influx, cytokine production and histological damage. Bacterial translocation to the peritoneal cavity and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by lamina propria cells were also evaluated. Our results showed that treatment with Fullerol inhibited bacterial translocation to the peritoneal cavity, delayed and decreased the lethality rates and diminished neutrophil influx and intestinal injury induced by IIR. Reduced severity of reperfusion injury in Fullerol-treated mice was associated with blunted reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production in leukocytes isolated from gut lamina propria and decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, the present study shows that Fullerol is a potential therapy to treat inflammatory bowel disorders associated with bacterial translocation, such as IIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talles Prosperi de Paula
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Lacerda Lima
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Bernardo Brito
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Orlando Ladeira
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Klaus Krambrock
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio Tavares Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele Gloria Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Fusco R, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, D’Amico R, Crupi R, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Consumption of Anacardium Occidentale L. (Cashew Nuts) Inhibits Oxidative Stress through Modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194426. [PMID: 32993187 PMCID: PMC7582295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a severe disorder associated with a high mortality. Several antioxidant and pharmacological properties of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its metabolites from different countries have recently been described. It is a medicinal plant with important therapeutic effects. This study aimed to verify the effect of an oral administration of cashew nuts in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Adult male rats were subjected to intestinal I/R injury by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min and then allowing animals to 1 h of reperfusion. Rats subjected to I/R of the gut showed a significant increase in different biochemical markers. In particular, we evaluated lipid peroxidation, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, protein carbonyl content, reactive oxygen species generation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Western blot analysis showed the activation of the NRF2 and NF-kB pathways. Increased immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine, PARP, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 was observed in the ileum of rats subjected to I/R. Administration of cashew nuts (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the mortality rate, the fall in arterial blood pressure, and oxidative stress and restored the antioxidant enzyme activities by a mechanism involving both NRF2 and NF-kB pathways. Cashew nuts treatments reduced cytokines plasma levels, nitrotyrosine, and PARP expression as well as adhesion molecules expressions. Additionally, cashew nuts decreased the intestinal barrier dysfunction and mucosal damage, the translocation of toxins and bacteria, which leads to systemic inflammation and associated organs injuries in particular of liver and kidney. Our study demonstrates that cashew nuts administration exerts antioxidant and pharmacological protective effects in superior mesenteric artery occlusion–reperfusion shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
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3
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Levolger S, Bokkers RPH, Wille J, Kropman RHJ, de Vries JPPM. Arterial thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2020; 6:454-459. [PMID: 32835150 PMCID: PMC7366094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been described to predispose to thrombotic disease in both the venous and arterial circulations. We report four cases of an acute arterial occlusion in COVID-19 patients and literature review on the occurrence of arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. Our findings demonstrate that physicians should be vigilant for signs of thrombotic complications in both hospitalized and new COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Levolger
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud P H Bokkers
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wille
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier H J Kropman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul P M de Vries
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abatemarco Júnior M, Sandes SHC, Ricci MF, Arantes RME, Nunes ÁC, Nicoli JR, Neumann E. Protective Effect of Lactobacillus diolivorans 1Z, Isolated From Brazilian Kefir, Against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Experimental Murine Models. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2856. [PMID: 30564201 PMCID: PMC6288297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a beverage obtained by fermentation of milk or sugar solution by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, and several health benefits have been attributed to its ingestion, part of them being attributed to Lactobacillus species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate, in vivo, the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus diolivorans 1Z, isolated from Brazilian kefir grains. Initially, conventional mice were orally treated daily or not during 10 days with a suspension of L. diolivorans 1Z, and then orally challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Treatment with L. diolivorans 1Z resulted in higher survival (70%) of animals after the challenge with the pathogen than for not treated mice (0%). When germ-free mice were monoassociated (GN-PS group) or not (GN-CS group) with L. diolivorans 1Z and challenged after 7 days with S. Typhimurium, Salmonella fecal counts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the GN-PS group when compared to the GN-CS group. Histopathological analysis revealed less damage to the ileum mucosa, as demonstrated by smallest perimeter of major lesions for mice of the GN-PS group in comparison to the group GN-CS (P < 0.05). These findings were accompanied by a lower expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the intestinal tissue of GN-PS mice. Additionally, translocation of S. Typhimurium to liver was significantly lower in GN-PS than in GN-CS mice (P < 0.05), and IgA levels in intestinal content and number of Kupffer cells in liver were higher. No difference was observed for hepatic cellularity between GN-PS and GN-CS groups (P > 0.05), but the pattern of inflammatory cells present in the liver was predominantly of polymorphonuclear in GN-CS group and of mononuclear in the GN-PS group, and a higher hepatic expression of IL-10 and TGF-β was observed in GN-PS group. Concluding, L. diolivorans 1Z showed to be a potential probiotic strain that protected mice from death after challenge with S. Typhimurium, apparently by immunological modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Abatemarco Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sávio Henrique Cicco Sandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mayra Fernanda Ricci
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cantini Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacques Robert Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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5
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Okada M, Falcão LFR, Ferez D, Martins JL, Errante PR, Rodrigues FSM, Caricati-Neto A, Marinho M, Fenelon G, Oliveira-Júnior IS. Effect of atenolol pre-treatment in heart damage in a model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:964-972. [PMID: 29236801 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170110000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of atenolol in inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress in a myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rat model. METHODS Adult Wistar male rats were randomly (n=8), anesthetized and divided in: Sham: submitted to operation only; group SS+IR: intravenous saline infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); group AT+IR: intravenous atenolol infusion (2 mg/kg) following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); and group AT+I+AT+R: intravenous atenolol infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and in the time 45 minutes other atenolol doses were administrated and the artery was open for 120 minutes (reperfusion), all animals were submitted to muscular relaxation for mechanical ventilation. In the end of experiment the animals were euthanized and the hearts tissue were morphology analyzed by histology and malondialdehyde by ELISA, and the plasma were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA. RESULTS The group SS+IR demonstrated the higher malondialdehyde levels when compared with the atenolol treated-groups (p=0.001) in the heart tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma decrease in the treated groups when compared with SS+IR group (p=0.001). Histology analyses demonstrate pyknosis, edema, cellular vacuolization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and band contraction in the heart tissue of the rats. CONCLUSION Atenolol significantly reduce the degree of cardiac damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Okada
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; statistical analysis, manuscript writing
| | - Luiz Fernando Reis Falcão
- PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Medicine, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Interpretation of data, statistical analysis, manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - David Ferez
- PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Medicine, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Interpretation of data, critical revision
| | - José Luiz Martins
- PhD, Full Professor, Division of Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Medicine, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Interpretation of data, manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - Paolo Ruggero Errante
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Histopathological examinations, analysis of data
| | - Francisco Sandro Menezes Rodrigues
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Histopathological examinations, analysis of data
| | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - Márcia Marinho
- PhD, Full Professor, Veterinary Medicine School, UNESP, Araçatuba-SP, Brazil. Biochemistry data analysis, statistical analysis, critical revision
| | - Guilherme Fenelon
- Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - Itamar Souza Oliveira-Júnior
- Full Professor, Division of Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study, critical revision, final approval of the version to be published
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6
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Solución salina hipertónica para modificar la lesión tisular por isquemia/reperfusión: modelo porcino de oclusión de aorta. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rca.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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7
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Escobar B, Guevara-Cruz OA, Navarro-Vargas JR, Giraldo-Fajardo AF, Dumar-Rodriguez JA, Borrero-Cortés C. Hypertonic saline solution for modifying tissue ischemia/reperfusion injury: Porcine aortic occlusion model. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcae.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Cisalpino D, Fagundes CT, Brito CB, Ascenção FR, Queiroz-Junior CM, Vieira AT, Sousa LP, Amaral FA, Vieira LQ, Nicoli JR, Teixeira MM, Souza DG. Microbiota-Induced Antibodies Are Essential for Host Inflammatory Responsiveness to Sterile and Infectious Stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4096-4106. [PMID: 28424241 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The indigenous intestinal microbiota is frequently considered an additional major organ of the human body and exerts profound immunomodulating activities. Germ-free (GF) mice display a significantly different inflammatory responsiveness pattern compared with conventional (CV) mice, and this was dubbed a "hyporesponsive phenotype." Taking into account that the deposition of immune complexes is a major event in acute inflammation and that GF mice have a distinct Ig repertoire and B cell activity, we aimed to evaluate whether this altered Ig repertoire interferes with the inflammatory responsiveness of GF mice. We found that serum transfer from CV naive mice was capable of reversing the inflammatory hyporesponsiveness of GF mice in sterile inflammatory injury induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion, as well as in a model of lung infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae Transferring serum from Ig-deficient mice to GF animals did not alter their response to inflammatory insult; however, injecting purified Abs from CV animals restored inflammatory responsiveness in GF mice, suggesting that natural Abs present in serum were responsible for altering GF responsiveness. Mechanistically, injection of serum and Ig from CV mice into GF animals restored IgG deposition, leukocyte influx, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory gene expression in inflamed tissues and concomitantly downregulated annexin-1 and IL-10 production. Thus, our data show that microbiota-induced natural Abs are pivotal for host inflammatory responsiveness to sterile and infectious insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cisalpino
- Laboratório de Interação Microorganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microorganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila B Brito
- Laboratório de Interação Microorganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Ascenção
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Laboratório de Biologia Cardíaca, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica T Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leda Q Vieira
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Ecologia de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microorganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
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Gomes RZ, Romanek GMM, Przybycien M, Amaral DC, Akahane HGK. Evaluation of the effect of allopurinol as a protective factor in post ischemia and reperfusion inflammation in Wistar rats. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:126-32. [PMID: 26959622 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160020000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential protective effect of allopurinol on reperfusion injury by determining the inflammatory response through the measurement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS Sixty rats were distributed into two groups: control and allopurinol and each group was divided into three subgroups, ischemia for two hours, ischemia for three hours and ischemia simulation. Allopurinol group rats received 100mg/kg dose of allopurinol, whereas control group rats received an equivalent dose of saline. Clamping of the infrarenal aorta was performed for two or three hours depending on the subgroup. Ischemia simulation subgroups did not suffer ischemia, just aortic dissection, and maintenance for three hours. After 72 hours of reperfusion, blood was collected by cardiac puncture for TNF-alpha measurement. RESULTS Allopurinol reduced TNF-alpha significantly (p <0.001) when compared to the matching control subgroups (control X allopurinol in ischemia for two hours and for three hours). CONCLUSION Allopurinol reduced the concentrations of serum TNF-alpha when used at different times of ischemia followed by reperfusion, which might indicate reduction of the inflammation provoked by the reperfusion injury.
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10
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Granger DN, Holm L, Kvietys P. The Gastrointestinal Circulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1541-83. [PMID: 26140727 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) circulation receives a large fraction of cardiac output and this increases following ingestion of a meal. While blood flow regulation is not the intense phenomenon noted in other vascular beds, the combined responses of blood flow, and capillary oxygen exchange help ensure a level of tissue oxygenation that is commensurate with organ metabolism and function. This is evidenced in the vascular responses of the stomach to increased acid production and in intestine during periods of enhanced nutrient absorption. Complimenting the metabolic vasoregulation is a strong myogenic response that contributes to basal vascular tone and to the responses elicited by changes in intravascular pressure. The GI circulation also contributes to a mucosal defense mechanism that protects against excessive damage to the epithelial lining following ingestion of toxins and/or noxious agents. Profound reductions in GI blood flow are evidenced in certain physiological (strenuous exercise) and pathological (hemorrhage) conditions, while some disease states (e.g., chronic portal hypertension) are associated with a hyperdynamic circulation. The sacrificial nature of GI blood flow is essential for ensuring adequate perfusion of vital organs during periods of whole body stress. The restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) to GI organs following ischemia elicits an exaggerated tissue injury response that reflects the potential of this organ system to generate reactive oxygen species and to mount an inflammatory response. Human and animal studies of inflammatory bowel disease have also revealed a contribution of the vasculature to the initiation and perpetuation of the tissue inflammation and associated injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lin D, Ma J, Xue Y, Wang Z. Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Preconditioning Provides Cardioprotection in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138051. [PMID: 26632817 PMCID: PMC4668996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impacts and related mechanisms of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury. A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was established by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 3 h perfusion. Before I/R, the rats were pretreated with or without PHC. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. The activities/levels of myocardial enzymes, oxidants and antioxidant enzymes were detected. Evans blue/TTC double staining was performed to assess infarct size. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. The release of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators was detected by ELISA. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of COX-2, IκB, p-IκB and NF-κB. Meanwhile, the rats were given a single injection of H-PHC before I/R. The effects of PHC on myocardial infarct and cardiac function were investigated after 7 days post-reperfusion. We found that PHC remarkably improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial injury by decreasing myocardial enzyme levels and attenuated oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PHC preconditioning significantly reduced infarct size and the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes. Administration of PHC significantly decreased serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 levels and myocardium COX-2 level. Meanwhile, the expression levels of p-IκB and NF-κB were downregulated, while IκB expression was upregulated. H-PHC also exerted long-term cardioprotection in a rat model of I/R injury by decreasing infarct size and improving cardiac function. These results suggest that PHC can efficiently protect the rats against I/R-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomao Lin
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanyan Xue
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Russo RC, Garcia CC, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA. The CXCL8/IL-8 chemokine family and its receptors in inflammatory diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:593-619. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.894886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang L, Li J, Liang A, Liu Y, Deng B, Wang H. Immune-related chemotactic factors were found in acute coronary syndromes by bioinformatics. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4389-95. [PMID: 24599781 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA microarray data for thrombus-related leukocyte from patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was analyzed to acquire key genes associated with ACS. Microarray data set GSE19339, including four ACS patients' samples and four normal samples, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Raw data was pre-processed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Affy packages of R. The interaction network was established with STRING. DrugBank was retrieved to obtain relevant small molecules. A total of 487 differentially expressed genes were identified as DEGs between normal and disease samples. Among which, ten up-regulated genes belonging to chemokine family (CCL2, CCR1, CXCL3, CXCL2, CCL8, CXCL11, CCL7, IL10, CCL22 and CCL20) were related to inflammatory response. In addition, two inhibitors of CCL2 (L-Mimosine) were retrieved from the DrugBank database. Considering the roles of inflammatory response in the progression of ACS and the functions of the ten up-regulated genes, we speculated that these genes might be related to ACS. Moreover, the inhibitors could provide guidelines for future drug design acting on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Special Needs Medical Branch, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, China,
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Yang Q, Zheng FP, Zhan YS, Tao J, Tan SW, Liu HL, Wu B. Tumor necrosis factor-α mediates JNK activation response to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4925-4934. [PMID: 23946597 PMCID: PMC3740422 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediates ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced intestinal mucosal injury through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation.
METHODS: In this study, intestinal I/R was induced by 60-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery in rats followed by 60-min reperfusion, and the rats were pretreated with a TNF-α inhibitor, pentoxifylline, or the TNF-α antibody infliximab. After surgery, part of the intestine was collected for histological analysis. The mucosal layer was harvested for RNA and protein extraction, which were used for further real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analyses. The TNF-α expression, intestinal mucosal injury, cell apoptosis, activation of apoptotic protein and JNK signaling pathway were analyzed.
RESULTS: I/R significantly enhanced expression of mucosal TNF-α at both the mRNA and protein levels, induced severe mucosal injury and cell apoptosis, activated caspase-9/caspase-3, and activated the JNK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with pentoxifylline markedly downregulated TNF-α at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas infliximab pretreatment did not affect the expression of TNF-α induced by I/R. However, pretreatment with pentoxifylline or infliximab dramatically suppressed I/R-induced mucosal injury and cell apoptosis and significantly inhibited the activation of caspase-9/3 and JNK signaling.
CONCLUSION: The results indicate there was a TNF-α-mediated JNK activation response to intestinal I/R injury.
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Maden M, Ozturk AS, Bulbul A, Avci GE, Yazar E. Acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress and enzyme activities of blood serum and peritoneal fluid in cattle with abomasal displacement. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1470-5. [PMID: 23113812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood serum and peritoneal fluid acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and some enzymes could be used for evaluation of abomasal tissue damage because of displacement in displaced abomasum (DA) cases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and activities of enzymes in blood serum and peritoneal fluid in cattle with right displaced abomasum (RDA) and left displaced abomasum (LDA) and in healthy cows. ANIMALS A total of 60 Holstein Friesian cows in early lactation were used, 31 with left and 9 with right displaced abomasum without volvulus diagnosis and no other postpartum disease, and 20 healthy cows as a control. MATERIALS AND METHODS DA diagnosis in dairy cows consisted of physical examination, laboratory, and specific DA tests. Acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress indicators, and enzyme activities were measured in blood serum and peritoneal fluid. RESULTS In the RDA group, serum haptoglobin (HPG), serum amyloid A (SAA), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), myeleperoxidase (MPO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity increased significantly, and serum HPG, MDA, ADA, and AST concentrations increased significantly in the LDA group (P < .05). Peritoneal fluid HPG, MDA, ADA, MPO, ALP, GGT, and LDH concentrations increased significantly, whereas NO concentrations reduced significantly in the RDA group, and HPG, MDA, ADA, and TP concentrations increased significantly, whereas concentrations of NO reduced significantly in the LDA group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE There are acute-phase responses, oxidative stress, and abomasal tissue damage because of displacement in DA cases. Especially, HPG, MDA, ADA, and MPO concentrations can provide specific information to help in understanding these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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Protective effect of glucose–insulin–potassium (GIK) on intestinal tissues after severe burn in experimental rats. Burns 2012; 38:846-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Suppressive effect of low-level laser therapy on tracheal hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in rat subjected to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:551-64. [PMID: 22562449 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (i-I/R) is an insult associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is not known if pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in ARDS induced by i-I/R can be controlled by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of LLLT on tracheal cholinergic reactivity dysfunction and the release of inflammatory mediators from the lung after i-I/R. Anesthetized rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion (45 min) and killed after clamp release and preestablished periods of intestinal reperfusion (30 min, 2 or 4 h). The LLLT (660 nm, 7.5 J/cm(2)) was carried out by irradiating the rats on the skin over the right upper bronchus for 15 and 30 min after initiating reperfusion and then euthanizing them 30 min, 2, or 4 h later. Lung edema was measured by the Evans blue extravasation technique, and pulmonary neutrophils were determined by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Pulmonary tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression were analyzed by real-time PCR. TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS proteins in the lung were measured by the enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. LLLT (660 nm, 7.5 J/cm(2)) restored the tracheal hyperresponsiveness and hyporesponsiveness in all the periods after intestinal reperfusion. Although LLLT reduced edema and MPO activity, it did not do so in all the postreperfusion periods. It was also observed with the ICAM-1 expression. In addition to reducing both TNF-α and iNOS, LLLT increased IL-10 in the lungs of animals subjected to i-I/R. The results indicate that LLLT can control the lung's inflammatory response and the airway reactivity dysfunction by simultaneously reducing both TNF-α and iNOS.
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Fagundes CT, Amaral FA, Teixeira AL, Souza DG, Teixeira MM. Adapting to environmental stresses: the role of the microbiota in controlling innate immunity and behavioral responses. Immunol Rev 2012; 245:250-64. [PMID: 22168425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammals are subject to colonization by an astronomical number of mutualistic and commensal microorganisms on their environmental exposed surfaces. These mutualistic species build up a complex community, called the indigenous microbiota, which aid their hosts in several physiological activities. In this review, we show that the transition between a non-colonized and a colonized state is associated with modification on the pattern of host inflammatory and behavioral responsiveness. There is a shift from innate anti-inflammatory cytokine production to efficient release of proinflammatory mediators and rapid mobilization of leukocytes upon infection or other stimuli. In addition, host responses to hypernociceptive and stressful stimuli are modulated by indigenous microbiota, partly due to the altered pattern of innate and acquired immune responsiveness of the non-colonized host. These altered responses ultimately lead to significant alteration in host behavior to environmental threats. Therefore, host colonization by indigenous microbiota modifies the way the host perceives and reacts to environmental stimuli, improving resilience of the entire host-microorganism consortium to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio T Fagundes
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Fagundes CT, Amaral FA, Vieira AT, Soares AC, Pinho V, Nicoli JR, Vieira LQ, Teixeira MM, Souza DG. Transient TLR activation restores inflammatory response and ability to control pulmonary bacterial infection in germfree mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:1411-20. [PMID: 22210917 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammals are colonized by an astronomical number of commensal microorganisms on their environmental exposed surfaces. These symbiotic species build up a complex community that aids their hosts in several physiological activities. We have shown that lack of intestinal microbiota is accompanied by a state of active IL-10-mediated inflammatory hyporesponsiveness. The present study investigated whether the germfree state and its hyporesponsive phenotype alter host resistance to an infectious bacterial insult. Experiments performed in germfree mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae showed that these animals are drastically susceptible to bacterial infection in an IL-10-dependent manner. In germfree mice, IL-10 restrains proinflammatory mediator production and neutrophil recruitment and favors pathogen growth and dissemination. Germfree mice were resistant to LPS treatment. However, priming of these animals with several TLR agonists recovered their inflammatory responsiveness to sterile injury. LPS pretreatment also rendered germfree mice resistant to pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection, abrogated IL-10 production, and restored TNF-α and CXCL1 production and neutrophil mobilization into lungs of infected germfree mice. This effective inflammatory response mounted by LPS-treated germfree mice resulted in bacterial clearance and enhanced survival upon infection. Therefore, host colonization by indigenous microbiota alters the way the host reacts to environmental infectious stimuli, probably through activation of TLR-dependent pathways. Symbiotic gut colonization enables proper inflammatory response to harmful insults to the host, and increases resilience of the entire mammal-microbiota consortium to environmental pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio T Fagundes
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Control of host inflammatory responsiveness by indigenous microbiota reveals an adaptive component of the innate immune system. Microbes Infect 2011; 13:1121-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wang B, Huang Q, Zhang W, Li N, Li J. Lactobacillus plantarum prevents bacterial translocation in rats following ischemia and reperfusion injury. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:3187-94. [PMID: 21590333 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial translocation is considered a major cause of initiation and development of systemic sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction in clinic. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a defined Lactobacillus plantarum to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced intestinal infection. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls (sham-operated, no treatment), (2) ischemia/reperfusion and (3) ischemia/reperfusion and Lactobacillus plantarum treatment. Lactobacillus plantarum L2 was administered daily intragastrically 14 days prior to induction of I/R. Rats were then sacrificed, and tissue and blood samples were cultured to determine bacterial translocation. Cytokines in plasma were detected by ELISA. Ileal segments were removed for morphological examination. RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced excess pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and barrier dysfunction (increased epithelial cell apoptosis, cecal flora dysbiosis, disruption of mucosa and multiple erosions) in the intestine, associated with increased bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites. Approximately 87.5% of rats exposed to I/R had bacterial translocation while there was no bacterial translocation in controls. However, pretreatment of animals with Lactobacillus plantarum completely prevented I/R induced bacterial translocation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, resulting in recovered microflora and mucosal integrity. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Lactobacillus plantarum L2 can prevent I/R-induced bacterial translocation and intestinal barrier dysfunction and, thereby, exert beneficial effects in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
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22
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de Lima FM, Villaverde A, Albertini R, Corrêa J, Carvalho R, Munin E, Araújo T, Silva J, Aimbire F. Dual Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the acute lung inflammation induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion: Action on anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:410-20. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang Y, Leng YF, Xue X, Zhang Y, Wang T, Kang YQ. Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:254-9. [PMID: 21246001 PMCID: PMC3020382 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) injury.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (36 rats each): the sham-operation group (group S), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR), and penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning group (group PHC). Each group was divided into subgroups (n = 6 in each group) according to ischemic-reperfusion time, i.e. immediately 0 h (T1), 1 h (T2), 3 h (T3), 6 h (T4), 12 h (T5), and 24 h (T6). Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h. In group PHC, 0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia. The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion; diamine oxidase (DAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) of small intestinal tissue, plasma endotoxin, DAO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 in serum were detected in the rats.
RESULTS: The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope. The levels of MPO, endotoxin, serum DAO, and IL-10 at T1-T6, and TNF-α level at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC (P < 0.05) compared with those in group S, but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased (P < 0.05). In group PHC, the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6, and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR (P < 0.05); however, the levels of MPO, endotoxin, and DAO in the blood at T2-T6, and TNF-α at T2 and T4 decreased (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR. Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.
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Skovbjerg S, Martner A, Hynsjö L, Hessle C, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE, Tham W, Wold AE. Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Induce Different Patterns of Cytokine Production in Human Mononuclear Cells Irrespective of Taxonomic Relatedness. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:23-32. [PMID: 20028205 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Skovbjerg
- Department of Infectious Medicine/Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Martner
- Department of Infectious Medicine/Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Hynsjö
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Hessle
- Department of Infectious Medicine/Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Floyd E. Dewhirst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilhelm Tham
- Department of Restaurant and Culinary Arts, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Agnes E. Wold
- Department of Infectious Medicine/Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Li Q, Zhang Q, Wang C, Liu X, Qu L, Gu L, Li N, Li J. Altered distribution of tight junction proteins after intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4061-76. [PMID: 19929946 PMCID: PMC4516553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) disruptions have been demonstrated both in vitro and more recently in vivo in infection. However, the molecular basis for changes of TJ during ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is poorly understood. In the present study, intestinal damage was induced by I/R in an animal model. As assessed by TUNEL and propidium iodide uptake, we showed that I/R injury induced apoptosis as well as necrosis in rat colon, and the frequency of apoptotic and necrotic cells reached the maximum at 5 hrs of reperfusion. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that claudins 1, 3 and 5 are strongly expressed in the surface epithelial cells of the colon; however, labelling of all three proteins was present diffusely within cells and no longer focused at the lateral cell boundaries after I/R. Using Western blot analysis, we found that distribution of TJ proteins in membrane microdomains of TJ was markedly affected in I/R injury rats. Occludin, ZO-1, claudin-1 and claudin-3 were completely displaced from TX-100 insoluble fractions to TX-100 soluble fractions, and claudin-5 was partly displaced. The distribution of lipid raft marker protein caveolin-1 was also changed after I/R. I/R injury results in the disruption of TJs, which characterized by relocalization of the claudins 1, 3 and 5 and an increase in intestinal permeability using molecular tracer measurement. I/R injury altered distribution of TJ proteins in vivo that was associated with functional TJ deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Li
- Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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Hermanns MI, Kasper J, Dubruel P, Pohl C, Uboldi C, Vermeersch V, Fuchs S, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ. An impaired alveolar-capillary barrier in vitro: effect of proinflammatory cytokines and consequences on nanocarrier interaction. J R Soc Interface 2009; 7 Suppl 1:S41-54. [PMID: 19793744 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0288.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar region of the lung is an important target for drug and gene delivery approaches. Treatment with drugs is often necessary under pathophysiological conditions, in which there is acute inflammation of the target organ. Therefore, in vitro models of the alveolar-capillary barrier, which mimic inflammatory conditions in the alveolar region, would be useful to analyse and predict effects of novel drugs on healthy or inflamed tissues. The epithelial cell line H441 was cultivated with primary isolated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) or the endothelial cell line ISO-HAS-1 on opposite sides of a permeable filter support under physiological and inflammatory conditions. Both epithelial and endothelial cell types grew as polarized monolayers in bilayer coculture and were analysed in the presence and absence of the proinflammatory stimuli tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In addition, the nanocarrier polyethyleneimine (PEI) was chosen as a model compound to study cell uptake (Oregon Green (OG)-labelled PEI) and gene transfer (PEI-pDNA complex). Upon treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, both cocultures exhibited comparable effects on the trans-bilayer electrical resistance, the transport of sodium fluorescein and the increase in secondary cytokine release. Basolateral (endothelial side) exposure to TNF-alpha or simultaneous exposure to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma generated an alveolar-capillary barrier with inflammation-like characteristics, impaired barrier function and a local disruption of the continuous apical labelling of the tight junction plaque protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Although transfection rates of 8 per cent were obtained for H441 cells in non-polarized monocultures, apical-basolateral-differentiated (polarized) H441 in coculture could not be transfected. After basolateral cytokine exposure, uptake of fluorescently labelled PEI in polarized H441 was predominantly detected in those areas with a local disruption of ZO-1 expression. Accordingly, transfected cells were only sparsely found in coculture after basolateral costimulation with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. We designed a coculture model that mimics both the structural architecture of the alveolar-capillary barrier and inflammatory mechanisms with consequences on barrier characteristics, cytokine production and nanoparticle interaction. Our model will be suitable to systematically study adsorption, uptake and trafficking of newly synthesized nanosized carriers under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iris Hermanns
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz 55101, Germany.
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Lu F, Chauhan AK, Fernandes SM, Walsh MT, Wagner DD, Davis AE. The effect of C1 inhibitor on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G1042-9. [PMID: 18787060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90460.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation and neutrophil stimulation are two major components in events leading to ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. C1 inhibitor (C1INH) inhibits activation of each of the three pathways of complement activation and of the contact system. It is also endowed with anti-inflammatory properties that are independent of protease inhibition. The goal of these studies was to investigate the role and mechanism of C1INH in alleviating IR-induced intestinal injury. C57BL/6, C1INH-deficient (C1INH(-/-)), bradykinin type 2 receptor-deficient (Bk2R(-/-)), and C3-deficient mice (C3(-/-)) were randomized into three groups: sham operated control, IR, and IR + C1INH-treated groups. Ischemia was generated by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by reperfusion. C1INH or reactive center-cleaved inactive C1INH (iC1INH) was injected intravenously before reperfusion. IR resulted in intestinal injury in C57BL/6, C1INH(-/-), Bk2R(-/-), and C3(-/-) mice with significantly increased neutrophil infiltration into intestinal tissue. In each mouse strain, C1INH treatment reduced intestinal tissue injury and attenuated leukocyte infiltration compared with the untreated IR group. C1INH inhibited leukocyte rolling in the mesenteric veins of both C57BL/6 and C3-deficient mice subjected to IR. C1INH treatment also improved the survival rate of C57BL/6 and C1INH(-/-) mice following IR. Similar findings were observed in the IR animals treated with iC1INH. These studies emphasize the therapeutic benefit of C1INH in preventing intestinal injury caused by IR. In addition to the protective activities mediated via inhibition of the complement system, these studies indicate that C1INH also plays a direct role in suppression of leukocyte transmigration into reperfused tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Lu
- Immune Disease Inst., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Protective effects of glycyrrhizin in a gut hypoxia (ischemia)-reoxygenation (reperfusion) model. Intensive Care Med 2008; 35:687-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Interleukin-10 to tumor necrosis factor-alpha ratio is a predictive biomarker in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: interleukin-10 to tumor necrosis factor-alpha ratio in steatohepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20:995-1001. [PMID: 18787467 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3282fdf65f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fatty liver disease is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance (IR) as an investigative biomarker is only concerned with fatty liver that results from DM type 2 associated with metabolic syndrome. Irrespective of IR, DM is generally characterized by overproduction of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas action of the latter is modulated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of using TNF-alpha alone or IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio compared to IR, as a promising biomarker for fatty liver assessment in DM. Furthermore, we hypothesized that using garlic as an immunomodulator may decrease TNF-alpha and increase IL-10 production to improve steatohepatitis. METHODS DM was induced metabolically by a high-fat diet to bring about IR, or chemically by alloxan, producing insulin deficiency, in male albino rats. Garlic powder was supplemented (15 mg/kg per day) for 3 weeks. Fatty liver was depicted histologically and biochemically (aspartic aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, HOMA-IR, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio). RESULTS We found that, in contrast to obese rats, garlic decreased IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio, despite decreasing TNF-alpha in alloxan diabetic rats in agreement with the histology, which revealed more prominent improvement in the obese group. Moreover, the effect of garlic was not linked to improvement of IR in obese rats. CONCLUSION We conclude that IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio may be considered as a convenient biomarker for investigation of fatty liver of different grades, apart from being associated with IR, and immunomodulation of this ratio in favor of increasing it may exert significant improvement.
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Amaral FA, Fagundes CT, Guabiraba R, Vieira AT, Souza ALS, Russo RC, Soares MPB, Teixeira MM, Souza DG. The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the cascade of events leading to reperfusion-induced inflammatory injury and lethality. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:1887-93. [PMID: 18055556 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with a systemic inflammatory response, characterized by intense tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and TNF-alpha-dependent tissue injury. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that may induce TNF-alpha release and play an important role in innate immune and inflammatory responses. The aim of this work was to assess whether MIF was involved the inflammatory cascade and injury that follows intestinal I/R. To this end, wild-type (WT) and MIF-deficient (MIF(-/-)) mice underwent 60 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion, after which they were culled for the assessment of inflammatory parameters. I/R was accompanied by an increase in circulating levels of MIF and an increase of vascular permeability, hemorrhage, and production of TNF-alpha in the intestine and lungs. The latter parameters were markedly suppressed in reperfused MIF(-/-) mice, and this was associated with decreased lethality (80% in WT versus 20% in MIF(-/-) mice). Interestingly, the reperfusion-associated neutrophil accumulation in the intestine and lungs was similar in WT and MIF(-/-) mice. Leukocytes isolated from lungs of MIF(-/-) mice were less activated, as assessed by their response to zymosan in a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. In conclusion, our results suggest that MIF plays an important role in the cascade of events leading to TNF-alpha production and reperfusion-induced tissue injury and lethality in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio A Amaral
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, UFMG, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Souza DG, Ferreira FL, Fagundes CT, Amaral FA, Vieira AT, Lisboa RA, Andrade MVM, Trifilieff A, Teixeira MM. Effects of PKF242-484 and PKF241-466, novel dual inhibitors of TNF-alpha converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinases, in a model of intestinal reperfusion injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 571:72-80. [PMID: 17619015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays an important role in the mediation of reperfusion-induced tissue injury and lethality. Here, we assessed the effects of PKF242-484 and PKF241-466, two dual inhibitors of TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in a model of ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Reperfused animals that received PKF242-484 or PKF241-466 treatment had a dose-dependent reduction of TNF-alpha concentrations in serum. Both drugs delayed and partially inhibited the reperfusion-associated lethality. Maximal inhibition occurred at 10 mg/kg. At this dose, both inhibitors reduced reperfusion-associated local and remote tissue injury, as assessed by changes in vascular permeability, neutrophil recruitment and hemorrhage. In addition, the compounds markedly reduced production of TNF-alpha, CXCL1 (keratinocyte-derived chemokine, KC) and CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1) in intestine and lungs of animals which underwent reperfusion. FN-439, an inhibitor of MMPs which possesses no effect on TACE, decreased MMP-2 and MMP-3 activity, but failed to affect tissue injury, TNF-alpha production or lethality. Thus, combined TACE and MMP inhibitors might be effective co-adjuvants in treatments of injuries that follow reperfusion of an ischemic vascular territory. The effects of these drugs on TNF-alpha production appear to be more relevant than their effects on MMP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Souza
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rocourt DV, Mehta VB, Besner GE. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor decreases inflammatory cytokine expression after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2007; 139:269-73. [PMID: 17291530 PMCID: PMC1905844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is believed to be the major initiator of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. As a result of intestinal I/R, the gut becomes a major source of inflammatory cytokine production. We have previously shown that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is cytoprotective after intestinal I/R and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. We now examine the effects of HB-EGF on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomized into three groups: sham-operated, superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) for 90 min followed by 8 h of reperfusion (I/R), and I/R with intraluminal administration of HB-EGF 25 min after the initiation of ischemia (I/R + HB-EGF). Serum was drawn at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post reperfusion for determination of cytokine protein levels using a bioplex suspension array system. Additional animals underwent the same ischemic protocol followed by 30 and 60 min of reperfusion with harvesting of ileal mucosa. Ileal pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta. RESULTS HB-EGF decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta serum protein levels at 4, 6, and 8 h after intestinal I/R injury. In addition, HB-EGF decreased local intestinal mucosal mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta 30 and 60 min after intestinal injury. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is increased both locally and in the systemic circulation after intestinal I/R and that the administration of HB-EGF significantly reduces intestinal I/R-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy V. Rocourt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Veela B. Mehta
- The Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Gail E. Besner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health
- The Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, OH
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Pompermayer K, Amaral FA, Fagundes CT, Vieira AT, Cunha FQ, Teixeira MM, Souza DG. Effects of the treatment with glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 556:215-22. [PMID: 17182029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury is dependent on the recruitment and activation of neutrophils. Glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) blocker, has been shown to suppress neutrophil migration and chemotaxis during acute inflammatory responses by a mechanism dependent on its K(ATP) channel blocking activity. In the present study, we evaluated whether the treatment with glibenclamide prevented local, remote and systemic injury following reperfusion of the ischemic superior mesenteric artery in rats. The artery was made ischemic for a period of 30 or 120 min followed by 30 (mild I/R) or 120 (severe I/R) min of reperfusion, respectively. Glibenclamide (0.8 to 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered subcutaneously 40 min prior to the reperfusion. Glibenclamide dose-dependently inhibited the reperfusion-associated increase in vascular permeability and neutrophil accumulation in mild I/R. In the severe injury model, glibenclamide inhibited inflammatory parameters, as assessed by Evans blue extravasation, neutrophil influx and haemoglobin content, and the increase in TNF-alpha (tumor necrose factor-alpha) and IL (interleukin)-6 levels in the intestine and lung. The drug did not affect the increase in IL-1beta and IL-10 levels. TEA, a nonselective potassium channel blocker, also inhibited reperfusion injury in both intestine and lungs of animals submitted to mild and severe I/R. Our experiments suggest a role for K(ATP) channels in mediating neutrophil influx and consequent reperfusion-associated injury in rats. The lack of effect of these drugs on the reperfusion-associated hypotension and lethality may limit their usefulness after severe reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pompermayer
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cao HC, Chen XM, Xu W. Determination of platelet-activating factor by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7364-7. [PMID: 16437644 PMCID: PMC4725131 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i46.7364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the plasma or serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) malondialdehyde (MDA), endotoxin (ET) and to discuss their significance in various types of viral hepatitis. METHODS PAF, TNF-alpha, MDA, and ET levels in 60 controls, 16 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 71 cases of chronic viral hepatitis, 19 cases of severe viral hepatitis were detected by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rHPLC), bio-assay, ELISA, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and limulus lysate test (LLT), respectively. RESULTS The rHPLC was more sensitive and specific than bio-assay (r = 0.912, P<0.01). The plasma levels of PAF, TNF-alpha, MDA, and ET in patients with viral hepatitis were higher than those in controls (P<0.01). CONCLUSION rHPLC is more reliable and accurate for the detection of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cui Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
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