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Maza VA, Nattero J, Gaspe MS, Cardinal MV. Extended stage duration and diminished fecundity in deltamethrin-resistant Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) of the Argentinean Chaco. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:834-844. [PMID: 37658694 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid-resistance is an emergent trait in populations of various insect species. For Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), the major vector of Chagas disease in the southern part of South America, hotspot areas of pyrethroid-resistance have recently been found in the Chaco Province of Argentina. Resistant condition can reduce fitness of individuals in the absence of insecticide exposure, that is, fitness costs. We evaluated the existence of developmental and/or reproductive costs in T. infestans collected from two areas of pyrethroid-resistance in Chaco Province, Argentina. Three toxicological groups were defined from field-collected insects: susceptible (survival <20%), moderately resistant (survival between 20% and 80%) and highly resistant (survival >80%). Cohorts of the three toxicological groups were followed-up to study life cycle and reproductive parameters. Additionally, we parameterized matrix population growth models. First and IV nymphal stages of the resistant groups exhibited a longer stage duration than susceptible ones. The reproductive days and hatching success showed significant lower values revealing reproductive costs for the resistant groups. Matrix analysis showed lower population growth rates for the resistant groups. Our results support developmental and reproductive costs for pyrethroid-resistant individuals. This trait could be interpreted as lower population recovery ability for pyrethroid-resistant individuals compared to susceptible insects after alternative vector control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor A Maza
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Sol Gaspe
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Cardinal
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Olaia N, Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J, Cacini GL, Souza EDS, Pinotti H, da Silva LA, da Rosa JA. Biology of Chagas disease vectors: biological cycle and emergence rates of Rhodnius marabaensis Souza et al., 2016 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) under laboratory conditions. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2939-2945. [PMID: 34185156 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Latin America, Chagas disease has been mostly transmitted to humans by contact with the feces or urine of triatomine species infected with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. There are currently 156 species in the subfamily Triatominae, distributed in 18 genera and five tribes. The prolixus group of the genus Rhodnius is composed of 11 species. Rhodnius marabaensis was the last species described and considered in this grouping of vectors. Knowledge about the biology, ecology, and behavior of these vectors is of great epidemiological importance, and in order to expand the knowledge of the biology of R. marabaensis, this paper describes the biological cycle and emergence rates of the species under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 15.5 to 29 °C (average of 24 °C) and humidity ranging from 51.4 to 72.2 (average of 63). For each of the fifteen couples, the egg emergence rate was calculated throughout the oviposition period. The oviposition period lasted from February to September, and the emergence rate varied between 13.9 and 53.3%. R. marabaensis presented an emergence rate of 46.7% and a total biological cycle of 193 days (the mean time required for emergence (25.1 days), 1st nymphal instar (19.4 days), 2nd nymphal instar (22.1 days), 3rd nymphal instar (26.2 days), 4th nymphal instar (29.3 days), and 5th nymphal instar (70.9 days)). Based on the biological cycle of R. marabaensis and 14 other Rhodnius species already described in the literature, it was also possible to calculate the averages for the groups prolixus, pictipes, and pallescens and, mainly, for the genus Rhodnius, contributing to the knowledge of this important group of Chagas disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Olaia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.,Laboratory of Entomology in Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 715 Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lázari Cacini
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Eder Dos Santos Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Pinotti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Abrantes da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Nogueda-Torres B, Montañez-Valdez OD, Michel-Parra JG, Valenzuela-Campos R. Biological Parameters of Two Triatoma rubida Subspecies (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and Their Laboratory Hybrids. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1390-1398. [PMID: 32307539 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Latin America, including Mexico. Recently, autochthonous cases have also been detected in the United States of America. It is suspected that two subspecies of Triatoma rubida (Uhler), T. r. sonoriana (Usinger) and T. r. uhleri (Usinger), considered efficient vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas in Mexico, could interbreed and potentially generate offspring with superior biological characteristics. In this study, the biological parameters of T. r. sonoriana, T. r. uhleri and their laboratory hybrids were evaluated. Hybrids of the two subspecies surpassed both parental subspecies, T. r. sonoriana and T. r. uhleri, in three (numbers of required blood meals to molt [16-20], feeding [10.5-17 min] and defecation times [˂1 min post-feeding]) of nine studied biological parameters. Moreover, the hybrids surpassed T. r. uhleri in two additional parameters, development time (298 d) and mortality (39-42%). Both the hybrid and the two parental cohorts had comparable results in the remaining four (onset of feeding, number of obtained females, number of eggs laid, and eclosion rate) of nine studied parameters. Thus, we conclude that hybrid vigor could result in an increased risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
- Cuerpo Académico de Cuencas, Humedales y Sustentabilidad, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oziel Dante Montañez-Valdez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
- Cuerpo Académico de Cuencas, Humedales y Sustentabilidad, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - J Guadalupe Michel-Parra
- Cuerpo Académico de Cuencas, Humedales y Sustentabilidad, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - Ricardo Valenzuela-Campos
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Meraz-Medina T, Nogueda-Torres B, Villagrán-Herrera ME, de Diego-Cabrera JA. Life-History Data of a Mexican Population of Triatoma nitida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:33-38. [PMID: 31603199 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the third collection of Triatoma nitida Usinger in Mexico, with a brief description of the collection area and an investigation of parameters related to its vectorial capacity. Whether a triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species is a primary or secondary vector is determined by factors that include vectorial capacity, anthropophilic habits, geographic distribution, and capacity to invade and colonize human dwellings. However, when the primary vectors are removed, secondary vectors, such as T. nitida, can become important transmitters of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas to humans. To estimate the vectorial capacity of T. nitida, the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals required to molt to the adult stage, accumulative mortality, onset time for feeding, and feeding and defecation times were examined. Triatoma nitida (n = 100) required a median of 590 d to complete its development time, with a median of 31 blood meals. Almost half (46.5%) of the nymphs died during the cycle. The onset of feeding time exceeded 5 min in all nymphal instars (except on fourth-instar) and adults and feeding times exceeded 22 min in all instars, except on first-instar nymphs. No defecation was observed for 65.6% (n = 383) of the triatomines during a 30-min observation period. Based on the six parameters, the vectorial capacity of T. nitida should be considered as low. However, surveillance programs should include this species because the potential importance of T. nitida as a vector has been demonstrated in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Tzintli Meraz-Medina
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Benjamin Nogueda-Torres
- Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María E Villagrán-Herrera
- Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Jose A de Diego-Cabrera
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Peterson JK, Yoshioka K, Hashimoto K, Caranci A, Gottdenker N, Monroy C, Saldaña A, Rodriguez S, Dorn P, Zúniga C. Chagas Disease Epidemiology in Central America: an Update. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-019-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Padilla N A, Moncayo AL, Keil CB, Grijalva MJ, Villacís AG. Life Cycle, Feeding, and Defecation Patterns of Triatoma carrioni (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Under Laboratory Conditions. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:617-624. [PMID: 30768666 PMCID: PMC6467638 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). It is transmitted to humans primarily through contaminated feces of blood-sucking vectors of the subfamily Triatominae, known in Ecuador as 'chinchorros'. Some Triatominae species can adapt to domiciliary and peridomiciliary environments where T. cruzi can be transmitted to humans. Triatoma carrioni (Larrousse 1926) colonizes domestic and peridomestic habitats up to 2,242 m above sea level (masl) in southern Ecuador (Loja Province) and northern Peru. This study describes the life cycle, feeding, and defecation patterns of T. carrioni under controlled laboratory conditions using mice as hosts. Specimens were collected in Loja Province, Ecuador, and maintained in the laboratory. The life cycle was approximately 385.7 ± 110.6 d. There was a high mortality rate, 40.9% for first instars and 38.9% for fifth instars (NV). Feeding and defecation patterns for each life stage were examined by recording: insertion time of the proboscis into the host, total feeding time, time to first defecation, and weight of the bloodmeal. Total feeding time varied between 20.6 ± 11.4 min for first instars (NI) and 48.9 ± 19.0 min for adult females. The time to first defecation was variable but ranged from 9.8 ± 10.6 min for NI to 39.4 ± 24.7 min for NV during feeding. This suggests that T. carrioni has an annual life cycle and is a potential vector of T. cruzi in Loja Province. Improved knowledge of populations of T. carrioni in domestic and peridomestic environments of Ecuador can have a significant impact on the prevention and control of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana L Moncayo
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL)
| | - Clifford B Keil
- Museum of Invertebrates, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL)
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Biomedical Sciences Department, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Anita G Villacís
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL)
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Galvez-Marroquin Z, Cruz-López L, Malo EA, Ramsey JM, Rojas JC. Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Triatoma dimidiata nymphs to conspecific faecal volatiles. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:102-110. [PMID: 28892179 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The behavioural and electrophysiological (electroantennography) responses of the first two instars of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Latreille to fresh and dry faecal headspace volatile extracts from fifth instar conspecific nymphs and synthetic compounds were analysed in this study. Recently emerged nymphs (3-5 days) aggregated around filter paper impregnated with dry faeces and around filter paper impregnated with extracts from both fresh and dry faeces. Older first instars (10-15 days) and second instars aggregated around filter paper impregnated with fresh and dry faeces, and their respective headspace extracts. Dry faecal volatile extracts elicited the strongest antennal responses, followed by fresh faecal extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of dried faecal headspace volatiles demonstrated the presence of 12 compounds: 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-octadecane, n-nonadecane, n-eicosane, n-heneicosane, n-tricosane, n-pentaeicosane, n-hexaeicosane, n-octaeicosane, nonanal, and 4-methyl quinazoline. In fresh faecal headspace extracts, only nonanal was clearly detected, although there were other trace compounds, including several unidentified sesquiterpenes. Four of the 11 compounds tested individually elicited aggregation behaviour at concentrations of 100 ng/µL and 1 µg/µL. A blend containing these four components also mediated the aggregation of nymphs. These volatiles may be valuable for developing monitoring methods and designing sensitive strategies to detect and measure T. dimidiata infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Galvez-Marroquin
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - L Cruz-López
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - E A Malo
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (CRISP-INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J C Rojas
- Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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[Biological parameters of Meccus phyllosomus phyllosomus (Burmeister), 1835, Triatoma recurva (Stål), 1868 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their laboratory hybrids]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:77-82. [PMID: 29161480 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i0.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hybrids from species and subspecies of Mexican triatomines have shown outstanding biological and behavioral characteristics as compared with their parental groups. This could lead to an increasing risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to human and animal reservoir hosts. OBJECTIVE To describe and compare biological parameters related to the life cycle of Triatoma recurva, Meccus phyllosomus phyllosomus and their laboratory hybrids and estimate their risk as transmitters of T. cruzi to humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We kept a cohort of each one of the three groups (T. recurva, M. p. phyllosomus and their hybrids) under similar laboratory conditions and then compared them to record the data related to their life cycles, number of blood meals to molt, mortality rates, egg eclosion rates and female fecundity. RESULTS The hybrid cohort showed the lowest mean time from first-instar nymph to adult (136.6 ± 17.5 days). The number of blood meals from molt to next instar (13.4 ± 1.7; 15.6 ± 5.2) was higher in the hybrid and T. recurva cohorts. The hybrid cohort showed the lowest mortality rate (29.5%) and the highest rate (70%) of adult females at the end of the biological cycle. Fecundity per day per female (range: 1.1 ± 0.6- 1.6 ± 0.7 eggs) was similar in the three cohorts. Egg hatching rate was higher than 70% in both hybrid and M. p. phyllosomus cohorts. CONCLUSION The hybrid cohort showed some outstanding biological characteristics, which would entail a higher risk of transmission of T. cruzi to hosts than their parentals.
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Nogueda-Torres B, Salazar-Montaño LF, García-Lino JC, Arroyo-Reyes D, Hernández-Navarro JÁ. Comparison of biological fitness in crosses between subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in southern Mexico. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:114-121. [PMID: 26118997 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus (Burmeister) is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiologic importance of this group. Biological parameters related to hatching, lifetime, number of blood meals to molt, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and mortality for each instar of 3 M. phyllosomus subspecies [M. p. mazzottii (Usinger), M. p. pallidipennis (Stål), and M. p. phyllosomus] and their laboratory hybrids were evaluated and compared. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among the experimental hybrids (MaPa, MaPhy, PaPhy) and reciprocal cohorts. In 5 (hatching, number of blood meals to molt, accumulative mortality, percentage of females, and mean number of laid eggs) of the 6 studied parameters (with the exception of development time), the hybrid cohorts had better fitness results than the parental cohorts involved in each set of crosses. The increase in hybrid fitness found in our study could lead to an increase in the epidemiologic risks caused by transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., México
| | - Luis Fernando Salazar-Montaño
- Carrera de Medicina, Departamento de Salud y Bienestar, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Carlos García-Lino
- Carrera de Medicina, Departamento de Salud y Bienestar, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - Demver Arroyo-Reyes
- Carrera de Medicina, Departamento de Salud y Bienestar, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Ángel Hernández-Navarro
- Carrera de Medicina, Departamento de Salud y Bienestar, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México
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Durán P, Siñani E, Depickère S. On triatomines, cockroaches and haemolymphagy under laboratory conditions: new discoveries. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:605-613. [PMID: 27706376 PMCID: PMC5066326 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, haematophagy was considered an obligate condition for triatomines
(Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to complete their life cycle. Today, the ability to use
haemolymphagy is suggested to represent an important survival strategy for some
species, especially those in genus Belminus. As Eratyrus
mucronatus and Triatoma boliviana are found with
cockroaches in the Blaberinae subfamily in Bolivia, their developmental cycle from
egg to adult under a “cockroach diet” was studied. The results suggested that having
only cockroach haemolymph as a food source compromised development cycle completion
in both species. Compared to a “mouse diet”, the cockroach diet increased: (i) the
mortality at each nymphal instar; (ii) the number of feedings needed to molt; (iii)
the volume of the maximum food intake; and (iv) the time needed to molt. In
conclusion, haemolymph could effectively support survival in the field in both
species. Nevertheless, under laboratory conditions, the use of haemolymphagy as a
survival strategy in the first developmental stages of these species was not
supported, as their mortality was very high. Finally, when Triatoma
infestans, Rhodnius stali and Panstrongylus
rufotuberculatus species were reared on a cockroach diet under similar
conditions, all died rather than feeding on cockroaches. These results are discussed
in the context of the ecology of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Durán
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Instituto de Investigación en Salud y Desarrollo, Cátedra de Parasitología, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Edda Siñani
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Stéphanie Depickère
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Embajada Francia, La Paz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
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Mosquera KD, Villacís AG, Grijalva MJ. Life Cycle, Feeding, and Defecation Patterns of Panstrongylus chinai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Under Laboratory Conditions. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:776-781. [PMID: 27131311 PMCID: PMC5853679 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi Panstrongylus chinai (Del Ponte) is highly domiciliated in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Andes and has been found naturally infected with T. cruzi The objective of this study was to describe the life cycle, feeding, and defecation patterns of P. chinai in the Loja province within southern Ecuador. To characterize its life cycle, a cohort of 70 individuals was followed from egg to adult. At each stage of development, prefeeding time, feeding time, weight of ingested meal, proportional weight increase, and the time to the first defecation were recorded. Panstrongylus chinai completed its development in 371.4 ± 22.3 d, (95% CI 355.4-387.4), which means that it is likely a univoltine species. Prefeeding time, feeding time, and weight of ingested meal increased as individuals developed through nymphal stages. Moreover, time to first defecation was shortest in the early nymphal stages, suggesting higher vector potential in the early developmental stages. Data obtained in this study represent an important advance in our knowledge of the biology of P. chinai, which should be considered as a secondary Chagas disease vector species in the Andean valleys of Loja (Ecuador) and in the north of Peru, and included in entomological surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Mosquera
- Center for Infectious and Chronic Disease Research, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador (; ; )
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Anita G Villacís
- Center for Infectious and Chronic Disease Research, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador (; ; )
| | - Mario J Grijalva
- Center for Infectious and Chronic Disease Research, School of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador (; ; )
- Tropical Disease Institute, Biomedical Sciences Department, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Nogueda-Torres B, Cárdenas-De la Cruz MÁ, Villagrán ME, de Diego-Cabrera JA, Bustos-Saldaña R. Biological parameters of interbreeding subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in western Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:763-770. [PMID: 26440301 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus (Burmeister) is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiological importance of this group. Biological parameters related to egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and the accumulative mortality for each instar of three M. phyllosomus subspecies [Meccus phyllosomus pallidipennis (Stål), Meccus phyllosomus longipennis (Usinger), and Meccus phyllosomus picturatus (Usinger)] as well as their laboratory hybrids were evaluated and compared. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were recorded among the experimental hybrids (M. p. longipennis × M. p. pallidipennis, M. p. longipennis × M. p. picturatus, M. p. pallidipennis × M. p. picturatus) and reciprocal cohorts. In five of the six studied parameters (egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, number of laid eggs and accumulative mortality), with the exception of the non-significant percentage of females obtained among all the studied cohorts, at least one of the parental cohorts in each set of crosses exhibited better fitness results than by those of their hybrid descendants. The lack of hybrid fitness in our study indicates the maintenance of reproductive isolation of parental genotypes. Moreover, the results lead us to propose that an incipient speciation process by distance is currently developing among the three studied subspecies, increasing the differences between them that modify the transmission efficiency of Trypanosoma cruzi to human beings in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martínez-Ibarra
- Área de Entomología Médica,Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883,49000,Ciudad Guzmán,Jalisco,México
| | - B Nogueda-Torres
- Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,D. F.,México
| | - M Á Cárdenas-De la Cruz
- Carrera de Veterinaria,Departamento de Salud y Bienestar,Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara,Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883,49000,Ciudad Guzmán,Jalisco,México
| | - M E Villagrán
- Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro,Santiago de Querétaro,Querétaro,México
| | - J A de Diego-Cabrera
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid,España
| | - R Bustos-Saldaña
- Área de Entomología Médica,Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883,49000,Ciudad Guzmán,Jalisco,México
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Roellig DM, Gomez-Puerta LA, Mead DG, Pinto J, Ancca-Juarez J, Calderon M, Bern C, Gilman RH, Cama VA. Hemi-nested PCR and RFLP methodologies for identifying blood meals of the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma infestans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74713. [PMID: 24040328 PMCID: PMC3770599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted by hematophagous reduviid bugs within the subfamily Triatominae. These vectors take blood meals from a wide range of hosts, and their feeding behaviors have been used to investigate the ecology and epidemiology of T. cruzi. In this study we describe two PCR-based methodologies that amplify a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial rDNA, aimed to improve the identification of blood meal sources for Triatoma infestans: a.- Sequence analyses of two heminested PCRs that allow the identification of mammalian and avian species, and b.- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis from the mammalian PCR to identify and differentiate multi-host blood meals. Findings from both methodologies indicate that host DNA could be detected and the host species identified in samples from laboratory reared and field collected triatomines. The implications of this study are two-fold. First, these methods can be used in areas where the fauna diversity and feeding behavior of the triatomines are unknown. Secondly, the RFLP method led to the identification of multi-host DNA from T. infestans gut contents, enhancing the information provided by this assay. These tools are important contributions for ecological and epidemiological studies of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M. Roellig
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel G. Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jesus Pinto
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima Peru
| | | | | | - Caryn Bern
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vitaliano A. Cama
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Paredes-González E, Licón-Trillo Á, Montañez-Valdez OD, Rocha-Chávez G, Nogueda-Torres B. The biology of three Mexican-American species of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Triatoma recurva, Triatoma protracta and Triatoma rubida. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:659-63. [PMID: 22850957 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The values of biological parameters related to hatching, lifespan, the number of blood meals between moults, mortality, time lapse before the beginning of feeding, feeding time and defecation delay for each instar of three Mexican-American species of Triatominae, Triatoma recurva, Triatoma protracta (former subspecies protracta) and Triatoma rubida (former subspecies uhleri), were evaluated and compared. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were recorded among the three species with respect to the average time required to hatch. This time was approximately 19 days. The average egg-to-adult development time was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for T. rubida. The number of blood meals at each nymphal instar varied from one-five for each species. The mortality rates were higher for the first-instar nymphs of the three species studied. The mean time lapse before the beginning of feeding was between 0.3-3 min for most nymphs of all instars of each species studied. The mean feeding time was the longest for T. recurva, followed by T. protracta. The defecation delay was less than 10 min for T. recurva and T. rubida. Given these results, only T. rubida should be considered an important potential vector of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission to humans in areas of Mexico where these species exist, whereas T. recurva and T. protracta would be of secondary importance.
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Pinto J, Roellig DM, Gilman RH, Calderón M, Bartra C, Salazar R, Bern C, Ancca-Juárez J, Levy M, Náquira C, Cama V. Temporal differences in blood meal detection from the midguts of Triatoma infestans. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 54:83-7. [PMID: 22499421 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652012000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We used genus/species specific PCRs to determine the temporal persistence of host DNA in Triatoma infestans experimentally fed on blood from six common vertebrate species: humans, domestic dogs, guinea pigs, chickens, mice, and pigs. Twenty third or fourth instar nymphs per animal group were allowed to feed to engorgement, followed by fasting-maintenance in the insectary. At 7, 14, 21, or 28 days post-feeding, the midgut contents from five triatomines per group were tested with the respective PCR assay. DNA from all vertebrate species was detected in at least four of five study nymphs at seven and 14 days post-feeding. DNA of humans, domestic dogs, guinea pigs, pigs, and chickens were more successfully detected (80-100%) through day 21, and less successfully (20-100%) at day 28. Findings demonstrate that species-specific PCRs can consistently identify feeding sources of T. infestans within two weeks, a biologically relevant time interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pinto
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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