1
|
da Silva DL, Nunes HM, Freitas PEB. Natural prevalence of NS3 gene resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C from the state of Pará/Brazil. Virus Res 2020; 292:198251. [PMID: 33259871 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to direct-acting antiviral agents, used in chronic hepatitis C treatment, consists of a natural process resulting from resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) at specific amino acid regions. To identify and establish the natural prevalence of RASs in the NS3 gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. Molecular analysis was performed on a total of 35 patients infected with HCV genotype 1, who were treatment-naive to protease inhibitors. HCV RNA was extracted from plasma and the NS3 region was amplified and submitted to DNA sequencing (Sanger). The general natural prevalence of RASs in the NS3 gene was 37.5 % (Y56F and S122T). The substitutions Y56F (34.3 %), S122T (3.1 %), V132I (15.6 %) and V170I (9.3 %) were identified. Y56F and S122T provide resistance to the protease inhibitors grazoprevir and simeprevir, respectively. All amino acid substitutions in the NS3 gene, including RASs, identified in patients from the state of Pará were present in other Brazilian studies. The natural presence of RASs in this study reflects the elevated genetic variability of HCV.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mundim AEDFM, de Castro FDOFD, Albuquerque MBB, Vilanova-Costa CAST, Pfrimer IAH, Silva AMTC. Major mutations in the NS3 gene region of hepatitis C virus related to the resistance to direct acting antiviral drugs: a systematic review. Virusdisease 2020; 31:220-228. [PMID: 32904849 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global public health problem with high prevalence rates and chronicity of infection. Present work aimed to describe the main mutations in the NS3 region of the HCV genome related to the resistance of patients to the currently available direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). To guide the study description, the preferred items in the PRISMA protocol for systematic review were used. The data collected were HCV genotypes and subtypes and mutations in HCV NS3, general and stratified by continent. The 10 papers selected for this systematic review reported studies in seven countries, on three continents, and generated data of 2937 patients. The most frequent HCV subtype was 1a. Prevalence of genotypes suggested that there were few demographic regions reached by the studies, since there were regional variations in the type of genotypes reported in the available bibliographies. Of the total study population, 35.3% (n = 1037) had mutations in the NS3 gene region of HCV, suggesting a high rate of resistance to DAAs and a low sustained virologic response among those who used some therapeutic option. Ten major mutations were identified: Q80K, V170I, S122G, V36L, T54S, D168Q, A156S, Q80G, S122R, and V55A. The Q80K mutation was the highlight of the study, appearing not only with greater representativity (61.6%) but also as the only one described in the three continents analyzed. This systematic review reinforces the need to carry out more studies of detection of these mutations to fill in all information gaps that might help in optimization of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa de Figueiredo Miranda Mundim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Feitosa de de Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | - Marina Brandão Braz Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | | | - Irmtraut Araci Hoffmann Pfrimer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| | - Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Universitária 1.440, Setor Universitário, Campus 1, Área 4, Goiânia, GO CEP: 74605-010 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Denesyuk AI, Johnson MS, Salo-Ahen OMH, Uversky VN, Denessiouk K. NBCZone: Universal three-dimensional construction of eleven amino acids near the catalytic nucleophile and base in the superfamily of (chymo)trypsin-like serine fold proteases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:399-411. [PMID: 32151723 PMCID: PMC7124590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
(Chymo)trypsin-like serine fold proteases belong to the serine/cysteine proteases found in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. Their catalytic activity is carried out using a triad of amino acids, a nucleophile, a base, and an acid. For this superfamily of proteases, we propose the existence of a universal 3D structure comprising 11 amino acids near the catalytic nucleophile and base - Nucleophile-Base Catalytic Zone (NBCZone). The comparison of NBCZones among 169 eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral (chymo)trypsin-like proteases suggested the existence of 15 distinct groups determined by the combination of amino acids located at two "key" structure-functional positions 54T and 55T near the catalytic base His57T. Most eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteases fell into two major groups, [ST]A and TN. Usually, proteases of [ST]A group contain a disulfide bond between cysteines Cys42T and Cys58T of the NBCZone. In contrast, viral proteases were distributed among seven groups, and lack this disulfide bond. Furthermore, only the [ST]A group of eukaryotic proteases contains glycine at position 43T, which is instrumental for activation of these enzymes. In contrast, due to the side chains of residues at position 43T prokaryotic and viral proteases do not have the ability to carry out the structural transition of the eukaryotic zymogen-zyme type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Denesyuk
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Russia; Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Mark S Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Outi M H Salo-Ahen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Konstantin Denessiouk
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hepatitis C Virus among Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted along Rivers and Highways in the Amazon Region. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040236. [PMID: 31739623 PMCID: PMC6963267 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies found a high prevalence of pathogens among female sex workers (FSWs) in the Amazon region, and established their parenteral and sexual transmission. This study estimated the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors, and the frequency of HCV genotypes and resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in this vulnerable group. Methods: Distinct sampling methods were used to access 412 FSWs in cities and riverside communities in the Amazon region from 2015 to 2018. Three methods for HCV diagnosis were used to determine infection status. HCV genotypes and RASs were identified by sequencing and nucleotide fragment analysis. An association between HCV infection and exposure factors was determined by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In total, 44 (10.7%) FSWs were exposed to HCV, and 32 (7.8%) of them had active infection. Nine socioeconomic characteristics and risky sexual behaviors were associated with HCV exposure, particularly unprotected sex and condom exemption for the clients who paid extra money. Genotype 1 (81.3%) and 3 (18.7%) were detected. The frequency of FSWs with RASs was 23.1% (6/26) for grazoprevir related to the occurrence of substitutions Y56F and S122G. Conclusions: HCV infection among FSWs is highly prevalent and dominated by genotype I. Urgent preventive and treatment measures are required to reduce HCV infection in FSWs and the general population.
Collapse
|
5
|
Evaluating Drug Resistant Mutations to HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitors in Iranian Naïve Patients. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Costa VD, Delvaux N, Brandão-Mello CE, Nunes EP, de Sousa PSF, de Souza Rodrigues LLLX, Lampe E, do Amaral Mello FC. Prevalence of baseline NS3 resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) on treatment with protease inhibitors in patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:700-706. [PMID: 30880098 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment for hepatitis C has evolved significantly with the licensing of direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs). However, one of the limiting factors of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy with protease inhibitors (PIs) is the emergence of resistance caused by point mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in HCV NS3 gene in patients infected with genotype 1 before therapy with simeprevir. METHODS A total of 73 serum samples from 15 treatment-experienced patients with boceprevir/telaprevir and 58 DAA-naïve patients were collected before therapy with DAAs simeprevir, daclatasvir and/or sofosbuvir. Presence of baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) in the serine protease domain of HCV NS3 was analyzed by nucleotide sequencing followed by amino acid deduction. RESULTS Overall RAS prevalence in this study was 13.7% (10/73). RAS prevalence for HCV subtype 1b was 17.4% (4/23) while for HCV subtype 1a was 12% (6/50). Primary mutations V36M/L and R155K were observed only in HCV subtype 1a, whereas T54S and Q80K were identified only in HCV subtype 1b. RAS V36M, which is related to reduction of susceptibility to second-generation PIs, was the most frequent in the study (6.9%; 5/73). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that Brazilian isolates of HCV present a distinct pattern of RAS depending on the infecting viral subtype. In contrast to data from other countries, RAS Q80K prevalence in Brazil is low in HCV subtype 1a. This study improves the knowledge of genetic barrier for resistance to PIs involving RASs in chronically infected patients and its possible impact on an unsuccessful treatment outcome, information that might be crucial to upcoming decisions of incorporation of new DAAs in Brazilian guidelines of antiviral therapy against HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Duarte Costa
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Delvaux
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Brandão-Mello
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée & Guinle, UNIRIO, R. Mariz e Barros, 775 - Maracanã, 20270-001, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estevão Portela Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, INI/FIOCRUZ, avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Fonseca de Sousa
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco Campello do Amaral Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, avenida Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Andrade E, Rocha D, Fontana-Maurell M, Costa E, Ribeiro M, Godoy DTD, Ferreira AGP, Tanuri A, Brindeiro R, Alvarez P. Resistance mutations of NS3 and NS5b in treatment-naïve patients infected with hepatitis C virus in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 43:e20180237. [PMID: 31644681 PMCID: PMC7229887 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide health problem. Nowadays,
direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are the main treatment for HCV; however,
the high level of virus variability leads to the development of
resistance-associated variants (RAVs). Thus, assessing RAVs in infected patients
is important for monitoring treatment efficacy. The aim of our study was to
investigate the presence of naturally occurring resistance mutations in HCV NS3
and NS5 regions in treatment-naïve patients. Ninety-six anti-HCV positive serum
samples from blood donors at the Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Santa
Catarina State (HEMOSC) were collected retrospectively in 2013 and evaluated in
this study. HCV 1a (37.9%), 1b (25.3%), and 3a (36.8%) subtypes were found. The
frequency of patients with RAVs in our study was 6.9%. The HCV NS5b sequencing
reveled 1 sample with L320F mutation and 4 samples with the C316N/R
polymorphism. The analysis of the NS3 region revealed the D168A/G/T (3.45%),
S122G (1.15%), and V55A (2.3%) mutations. All samples from genotype 3a (36.8%)
presented the V170 I/V non-synonymous mutation. In conclusion, we have shown
that mutations in NS3 and NS5b genes are present in Brazilian isolates from
therapy-naïve HCV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Rocha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcela Fontana-Maurell
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elaine Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ribeiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Tupy de Godoy
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio G P Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brindeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alvarez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nejabat N, Hosseini SY, Sarvari J, Gorzin AA, Fattahi MR, Rasoolian M. The Investigation of Drug Resistance Substitutions in NS3 Protease Sequence of Hepatitis C Virus from Non-Responder Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2311-2317. [PMID: 31450900 PMCID: PMC6852801 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Even with the fantastic successes of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in the treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, natural drug resistance remains a challenging obstacle for their impacts. The data regarding protease inhibitors (PIs) resistance in Iran population are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations in NS3 protease of HCV from non-responder patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 14 HCV infected patients with genotype 1(N=5) and 3(N=9) who have not responded to Interferon-related regime were enrolled from Liver Clinic, Shiraz. The NS3 protease region was amplified by Nested-PCR followed by product gel extraction. Besides, some amplified protease regions were cloned into a cloning vector to improve the sensitivity of mutation detection. Both crude and cloned sequences were then introduced into sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with the NS3 reference sequences and analyzed by Geno2pheno available software to find possible substitutions. In the end, the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results: Among variations responsible for PIs resistance, only one out of 14 (7%) sample who was infected with genotype 1a, harbored R117C+N174S double mutation, which causes reduced susceptibility to Telaprevir. Any another resistance mutation was not found among the studied population. The most frequent substitutions were determined as I52M(N=9), S102A(N=9), S166A(8) and V170I(8) for genotype 3a, and F147S/A(4) for genotype 1. However, some uncharacterized substitutions on scored position, including I132L(N=1), I170V(N=3) and N174S(N=2) were also determined among sequences. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the protease region has enough power to correctly classify enrolled samples into relevant clusters on the tree. There were 2, 3 and 9 cases of sub-genotypes 1a, 1b, and 3a, respectively. Conclusion: A low frequency of PIs resistance mutations in our HCV infected population is a hopeful point of starting these drugs in HCV infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Nejabat
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Gorzin
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasoolian
- Department of Genetics and Molcular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moreira RC, de Torres Santos AP, Lisboa-Neto G, Mendes-Corrêa MCJ, Lemos MF, Malta FM, Santana RAF, Dastoli GTF, de Castro VFD, Pinho JRR. Prevalence of naturally occurring amino acid substitutions associated with resistance to hepatitis C virus NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors in São Paulo state. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2757-2764. [PMID: 29961118 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C (HCV)-infected patients are treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in highly effective, well-tolerated, all-oral regimens. However, naturally occurring resistance-associated amino acid substitutions (RASs) may be selected during treatment. This study aimed to screen naturally occurring RASs NS3/NS4A inhibitors (PIs). Samples were obtained from DAA naïve patients, living in São Paulo state, Brazil. Screening for RASs in the HCV NS3 region was conducted in 859 samples from HCV-infected patients, of which 425 and 434 samples were subtype 1a and 1b, respectively. HCV-RNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced. The overall prevalence of RASs to HCV PIs was 9.4%. The following RASs were observed in HCV-1a subtype infected patients: V36L (2.6%), T54S (1.6%), V55I/A (1.2% / 8.9%, respectively), Q80K (2.1%), R155K (0.5%), and D168E (0.2%); and in HCV-1b infected patients: V36L (0.7%), T54A/S (0.2% and 0.5%, respectively), V55A (0.5%), Q80K (0.2%), D168E (1.6%), and M175L (0.5%). HCV 1a infected subjects had higher serum viral load than that seen in patients infected with HCV 1b. There was no difference between the proportions of NS3 RASs with regards to geographic distribution within the investigated areas. These findings should be supported by additional studies in Brazil to help in the formation of local clinical guidelines for managing hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Célia Moreira
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Virology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 355, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-902, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Torres Santos
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Virology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 355, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-902, Brazil.,Divisão de Laboratório Central, Laboratório de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gaspar Lisboa-Neto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcilio Figueiredo Lemos
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Virology Center, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 355, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mello Malta
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João de Queiroz and Castorina Bettencourt Alves"-LIM 07-Institute of Tropical Medicine Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João de Queiroz and Castorina Bettencourt Alves"-LIM 07-Institute of Tropical Medicine Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Medicina Diagnóstica, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lisboa Neto G, Malta FM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Noble CF, Romano CM, Rebello Pinho JR, Silva MH, Leite AG, Piccoli LZ, Carrilho FJ, Mendes-Correa MC. Characterization of clinical predictors of naturally occurring NS3/NS4A protease polymorphism in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus mono and HIV co-infected patients. J Med Virol 2017; 89:2249-2254. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Lisboa Neto
- Department of Infectious Diseases; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology- LIM 52. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Malta
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - LIM-07. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Michele S. Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - LIM-07. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Caroline F. Noble
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - LIM-07. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila M. Romano
- Laboratory of Virology- LIM 52. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - João R. Rebello Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - LIM-07. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Albert Einstein Medicina Diagnóstica; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mariliza H. Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/AIDS do Estado de São Paulo; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Clínicas de Especialidades; São Bernardo do Campo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Flair J. Carrilho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - LIM-07. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria C. Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Diseases; University of São Paulo School of Medicine; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology- LIM 52. Institute of Tropical Medicine; University of São Paulo School of Medicine São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pre-Existing HCV Variants Resistant to DAAs and Their Sensitivity to PegIFN/RBV in Chinese HCV Genotype 1b Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165658. [PMID: 27812165 PMCID: PMC5094756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) could be attenuated by the presence of resistance-associated variants (RAVs). The aim of this study was to investigate the natural prevalence of RAVs among Chinese HCV genotype 1b patients and analyze the efficacy of pegylated interferon (PegIFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy in patients with and without RAVs at baseline. Methods Direct sequencing of the HCV NS3, NS5A and NS5B regions was performed in baseline serum samples of 117 DAAs-naïve subjects infected with HCV genotype 1b. The efficacy of PegIFN/RBV therapy in patients with and without RAVs at baseline was analyzed by comparing the response rates between patients with RAVs and patients with wild type virus. Results The incidence of RAVs was 8.00% (8/100) in the NS3 region (T54S, n = 1, 1.00%; R117H, n = 5, 5.00%; S122T, n = 1, 1.00%; S174F, n = 1, 1.00%), 29.91% (32/107) in the NS5A region (L28M, n = 12, 11.21%; R30Q, n = 10, 9.35%; L31M, n = 1, 0.93%; P58S, n = 4, 3.74%; Y93H, n = 8, 7.48%) and 98.15% (106/108) in the NS5B region (L159F, n = 1, 0.93%; C316N, n = 103, 95.37%; A421V, n = 6, 5.56%). The response rates to PegIFN/RBV treatment did not differ between patients with or without RAVs in the NS5A region. Conclusions Pre-existing RAVs, including key RAVs, were detected in Chinese DAAs-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1b. IFN-based therapy could be a good option for patients with RAVs, especially key RAVs, at baseline.
Collapse
|
12
|
Echeverría N, Betancour G, Gámbaro F, Hernández N, López P, Chiodi D, Sánchez A, Boschi S, Fajardo A, Sóñora M, Moratorio G, Cristina J, Moreno P. Naturally occurring NS3 resistance-associated variants in hepatitis C virus genotype 1: Their relevance for developing countries. Virus Res 2016; 223:140-6. [PMID: 27449600 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 130-150 million infected individuals worldwide. HCV is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment options in developing countries involve pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin as dual therapy or in combination with one or more direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). The emergence of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) after treatment reveals the great variability of this virus leading to a great difficulty in developing effective antiviral strategies. Baseline RAVs detected in DAA treatment-naïve HCV-infected patients could be of great importance for clinical management and outcome prediction. Although the frequency of naturally occurring HCV NS3 protease inhibitor mutations has been addressed in many countries, there are only a few reports on their prevalence in South America. In this study, we investigated the presence of RAVs in the HCV NS3 serine protease region by analysing a cohort of Uruguayan patients with chronic hepatitis C who had not been treated with any DAAs and compare them with the results found for other South American countries. The results of these studies revealed that naturally occurring mutations conferring resistance to NS3 inhibitors exist in a substantial proportion of Uruguayan treatment-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1 enrolled in these studies. The identification of these baseline RAVs could be of great importance for patients' management and outcome prediction in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Betancour
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Gámbaro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelia Hernández
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo López
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Chiodi
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Sánchez
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Boschi
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Asociación Española, Palmar 1465, Montevideo, Uruguay, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro Fajardo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Sóñora
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pilar Moreno
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Castro R, Perazzo H, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Hyde C. Chronic Hepatitis C: An Overview of Evidence on Epidemiology and Management from a Brazilian Perspective. Int J Hepatol 2015; 2015:852968. [PMID: 26693356 PMCID: PMC4677022 DOI: 10.1155/2015/852968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C remains one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and presents a variable natural history ranging from minimal changes to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and its complications, such as development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately, 1.45 million people are estimated to be infected by HCV in Brazil representing a major public health issue. The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology and management of chronic hepatitis C from a Brazilian perspective. The management of chronic hepatitis C has been challenged by the use of noninvasive methods to stage liver fibrosis as an alternative to liver biopsy and the high cost of new interferon-free antiviral treatments. Moreover, the need of cost-effectiveness analysis in hepatitis C and the recent changes in treatment protocols were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Castro
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hugo Perazzo
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdilea G. Veloso
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratory of Clinical Research on STD/AIDS, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Manguinhos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Chris Hyde
- Institute of Health Research, Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), Evidence Synthesis and Modelling for Health Improvement (ESMI), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, South Cloisters, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Afrasiabi M, Hosseini SY, Yaghobi R, Fattahi MR, Ardebili M, Khodadad M. Analysis of Naturally Occurring Resistant Mutations to Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Inhibitors: A Preliminary Study in South of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e24965. [PMID: 26587218 PMCID: PMC4644313 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.24965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the rate of naturally occurring NS3 protease mutants in HCV infected population is influential in the future therapeutic approaches. OBJECTIVES This study explored naturally occurring resistant mutations to protease inhibitors in a pilot study. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed NS3 gene sequences in 7 HCV infected patients, referred to the central liver center, south of Iran. The protease domain was amplified by PCR followed by product extraction. Amplified NS3 genes were cloned by TA/cloning system. For each patient, clonal-sequencing was performed to improve mutation detection sensitivity. Then, the obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequences and final phylogenic tree was constructed. Afterwards, the sequences were studied to investigate point mutations. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis between reference and amplified sequences demonstrated high similarity of all sequences with genotype 1. Interestingly, crucial protease resistant mutations were detected in V36 and R155 positions in one patient's sequence. Checking different clones of this patient confirmed V36L, as the dominant mutation while R155K was detected only in a few cases. CONCLUSIONS As revealed, naturally occurring resistant mutations, especially R155K in protease sequence were identified in 1 out of the 7 patients, so the rate of such mutations is estimated to be high. It seems that checking HCV patients before protease inhibitor treatment are necessary in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Afrasiabi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Seyed Younes Hosseini, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7116125860, Fax: +98-7116474263, E-mail: ; Ramin Yaghoubi, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran, E-mail:
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Seyed Younes Hosseini, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7116125860, Fax: +98-7116474263, E-mail: ; Ramin Yaghoubi, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad-Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Ardebili
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Khodadad
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center (GEHRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva T, Cortes Martins H, Coutinho R, Leitão E, Silva R, Pádua E. Molecular characterization of hepatitis C virus for determination of subtypes and detection of resistance mutations to protease inhibitors in a group of intravenous drug users co-infected with HIV. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1549-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Silva
- Department of Infectious Diseases; National Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C; National Institute of Health; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Helena Cortes Martins
- Department of Infectious Diseases; National Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C; National Institute of Health; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Coutinho
- Support office for Drug Addicts; Association of Ares do Pinhal; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Emília Leitão
- Support office for Drug Addicts; Association of Ares do Pinhal; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rui Silva
- Support office for Drug Addicts; Association of Ares do Pinhal; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Elizabeth Pádua
- Department of Infectious Diseases; National Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C; National Institute of Health; Lisbon Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
No correspondence between resistance mutations in the HCV-NS3 protease at baseline and early telaprevir-based triple therapy. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:146-51. [PMID: 26674563 PMCID: PMC4661554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy is the new standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant viral variants have been often described. This study aimed to examine HCV-NS3 protease variants at baseline and at 4 weeks under triple therapy. To this end, we analyzed the presence of variants in HCV-NS3 protease region from peripheral blood samples of 16 patients infected with HCV-1 at baseline and at 4 weeks of combined therapy with telaprevir, pegylated interferon, and ribavirin, using next-generation sequencing. Several variants with synonymous and non-synonymous amino acid substitutions were detected at both time points. Variants detected at low frequency corresponded to 74% (HCV-1a) and 35% (HCV-1b) of non-synonymous substitutions. We found nine PI-resistance-associated variants (V36A, T54S, V55I, Q80K, Q80R, V107I, I132V, D168E, M175L) in HCV-NS3 of 10 patients. There was no correspondence of resistance-associated variant profile between baseline and at 4 weeks. Moreover, these resistance variants at baseline and short-term treatment are not good predictors of outcome under triple therapy. Our study also shows a large number of others minor and major non-synonymous variants in HCV-NS3 early in telaprevir-based therapy that can be important for further drug resistance association studies with newly developed PI agents. HCV-NS3 protease variants were analyzed at baseline and 4 weeks of triple therapy. Synonymous and non-synonymous variants, even at low frequency, were detected. Nine PI resistance mutations were identified in 10/16 patients in both time points. There was no correspondence between resistance mutation at baseline and 4 weeks. We provide a comprehensive databank of non-synonymous variants in HCV-NS3.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lisboa-Neto G, Noble CF, Pinho JRR, Malta FM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Alvarado-Mora MV, da Silva MH, Leite AGB, Piccoli LZ, Rodrigues FK, Carrilho FJ, Mendes-Correa MC. Resistance mutations are rare among protease inhibitor treatment-naive hepatitis C genotype-1 patients with or without HIV coinfection. Antivir Ther 2014; 20:281-7. [PMID: 25279715 DOI: 10.3851/imp2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCV has a high replication rate and a lack of proofreading activity, leading to a greatly diverse viral population. This diversity may lead to emergence of resistant strains in direct-acting antiviral therapy. The frequency of naturally occurring HCV protease inhibitor (PI) mutations has been addressed in many countries, but there are few data on the prevalence of these mutations in Brazilian patients. METHODS We evaluated the sequence of HCV NS3 protease gene in 247 patients (135 HCV-monoinfected and 112 HIV-HCV-coinfected patients). HCV RNA was extracted from plasma and a fragment of 765 base pairs from the NS3 region was amplified and sequenced with Sanger-based technology. RESULTS HIV-HCV-coinfected patients were more likely to be older than 40 years and have an HCV subtype-1a infection. Overall, 21.9% of patients had at least one amino acid substitution in the NS3 region; 14 patients (5.7%) harboured at least one resistance mutation (T54S, V55A, Q80R) and the Q80K mutation was not found in our case series. There was no difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients regarding the frequency of natural polymorphisms and resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS Baseline HCV NS3 amino acid substitutions identified herein are considered mostly natural polymorphisms with no clinical impact on PI-based therapy. The identified resistance mutations may be associated with low-level resistance to PIs in vitro. Q80K substitution seems to be a rare event in Brazil. HIV coinfection was not associated with a greater frequency of such substitutions in the studied sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Lisboa-Neto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nishiya AS, de Almeida-Neto C, Ferreira SC, Alencar CS, Di-Lorenzo-Oliveira C, Levi JE, Salles NA, Mendrone A, Sabino EC. HCV genotypes, characterization of mutations conferring drug resistance to protease inhibitors, and risk factors among blood donors in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86413. [PMID: 24466079 PMCID: PMC3897703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem estimated to affect almost 200 million people worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the subtypes and existence of variants resistant to protease inhibitors and their association with potential HCV risk factors among blood donors in Brazil. Methods Repeat anti-HCV reactive blood donors are systematically asked to return for retest, notification, and counseling in which they are interviewed for risk factors for transfusion-transmitted diseases. We analyzed 202 donors who returned for counseling from 2007 to 2010 and presented enzyme immunoassay- and immunoblot-reactive results. The HCV genotypes and resistance mutation analyses were determined by the direct sequencing of the NS5b and NS3 regions, respectively. The HCV viral load was determined using an in-house real-time PCR assay targeting the 5′-NCR. Results HCV subtypes 1b, 1a, and 3a were found in 45.5%, 32.0%, and 18.0% of the donors, respectively. The mean viral load of genotype 1 was significantly higher than that of the genotype 3 isolates. Subtype 1a was more frequent among young donors and 3a was more frequent among older donors. Protease inhibitor-resistant variants were detected in 12.8% of the sequenced samples belonging to genotype 1, and a higher frequency was observed among subtype 1a (20%) in comparison to 1b (8%). There was no difference in the prevalence of HCV risk factors among the genotypes or drug-resistant variants. Conclusions We found a predominance of subtype 1b, with an increase in the frequency of subtype 1a, in young subjects. Mutations conferring resistance to NS3 inhibitors were frequent in treatment-naïve blood donors, particularly those infected with subtype 1a. These variants were detected in the major viral population of HCV quasispecies, have replicative capacities comparable to nonresistant strains, and could be important for predicting the response to antiviral triple therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Nishiya
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division (DIPA), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cesar de Almeida-Neto
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzete C. Ferreira
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division (DIPA), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecília S. Alencar
- Infectious Diseases Division (DIPA), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM 03 Lab. Medice Laboratory, Department of Pathology, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José E. Levi
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nanci A. Salles
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ester C. Sabino
- Infectious Diseases Division (DIPA), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baseline hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 polymorphisms and their impact on treatment response in clinical studies of the HCV NS3 protease inhibitor faldaprevir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:698-705. [PMID: 24217701 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01976-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals is the emergence of drug-resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) variants. HCV with preexisting polymorphisms that are associated with resistance to NS3/4A protease inhibitors have been detected in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We performed a comprehensive pooled analysis from phase 1b and phase 2 clinical studies of the HCV protease inhibitor faldaprevir to assess the population frequency of baseline protease inhibitor resistance-associated NS3 polymorphisms and their impact on response to faldaprevir treatment. A total of 980 baseline NS3 sequences were obtained (543 genotype 1b and 437 genotype 1a sequences). Substitutions associated with faldaprevir resistance (at amino acid positions 155 and 168) were rare (<1% of sequences) and did not compromise treatment response: in a phase 2 study in treatment-naive patients, six patients had faldaprevir resistance-associated polymorphisms at baseline, of whom five completed faldaprevir-based treatment and all five achieved a sustained virologic response 24 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR24). Among 13 clinically relevant amino acid positions associated with HCV protease resistance, the greatest heterogeneity was seen at NS3 codons 132 and 170 in genotype 1b, and the most common baseline substitution in genotype 1a was Q80K (99/437 [23%]). The presence of the Q80K variant did not reduce response rates to faldaprevir-based treatment. Across the three phase 2 studies, there was no significant difference in SVR24 rates between patients with genotype 1a Q80K HCV and those without Q80K HCV, whether treatment experienced (17% compared to 26%; P = 0.47) or treatment naive (62% compared to 66%; P = 0.72).
Collapse
|