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Menegatt JCO, Perosa FF, Gris AH, Piva MM, Serena GC, Bordignon DL, Reck C, Menin Á, Watanabe TTN, Driemeier D. Main Causes of Death in Piglets from Different Brazilian Nursery Farms Based on Clinical, Microbiological, and Pathological Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3819. [PMID: 38136857 PMCID: PMC10740839 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Necropsies can reveal herd problems or comorbidities that can lead to management corrections, improvements in animal performance, and better decision making. Furthermore, the pattern and causes of mortality might differ when different systems are evaluated. The present study was conducted to establish the main causes of death in nursery pigs from different systems in Brazil, as well as the clinical, microbiological, and pathological aspects of these mortalities. Eighteen nurseries were analyzed (a total of 120,243 housed piglets), and 557 necropsies were performed. Streptococcus suis infection was the most prevalent cause of death (21.2%), followed by bacterial polyserositis (16.7%), chronic atrophic enteritis (13.5%), salmonellosis (8.8%), pneumonia (8.6%), and colibacillosis (6.1%). The increase in mortality rate in individual nurseries and, consequently, in the diagnoses was commonly associated with disease outbreaks. Infectious diseases constituted the largest portion of the diagnoses, making a great opportunity for improving production rates in herds. Moreover, the extensive range of observed diagnoses highlights the importance of conducting preliminary diagnostic investigations based on necropsy to determine the causes of death. This approach allows for the direction of complementary tests, which can diagnose agents with greater specificity. As a result, this allows for the implementation of more effective prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlo Olivo Menegatt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Fernanda Felicetti Perosa
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Anderson Hentz Gris
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Manoela Marchezan Piva
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Guilherme Carvalho Serena
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Diego Luiz Bordignon
- Cargill Alimentos Ltd.a., Av. José Bonifácio Coutinho Nogueira, 150, Campinas 13091-611, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carolina Reck
- VERTÀ Laboratórios, Instituto de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico Veterinário, Av. Lions, 1380—Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil; (C.R.); (Á.M.)
| | - Álvaro Menin
- VERTÀ Laboratórios, Instituto de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico Veterinário, Av. Lions, 1380—Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil; (C.R.); (Á.M.)
- Departamento de Biociências e Saúde Única, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, R. Germano A. Souza, Curitibanos 89520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Antech Diagnostics, West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (F.F.P.); (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (G.C.S.); (D.D.)
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Severo DRT, Werlang RA, Mori AP, Baldi KRA, Mendes RE, Surian SRS, Coldebella A, Kramer B, Trevisol IM, Gomes TMA, Silva VS. Health profile of free-range wild boar (Sus scrofa) subpopulations hunted in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:857-869. [PMID: 32725949 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wild boars represent a potential dissemination source of important pathogens to public and animal health, since they can host several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the health profile of wild boars hunted for population control in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), south of Brazil. For this study, tissue and blood samples were collected from 61 wild boars hunted from October 2017 to November 2018. All 61 serum samples were screened for antibodies by different assays, presenting the following seroprevalence: 52.4% for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2); 21.3% for Leptospira spp.; 19.7% for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; 13.1% for hepatitis E virus (HEV); and 9.8% for influenza A virus (IAV). No seroreaction was observed for Brucella spp. and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). At necropsy, the main lesions observed were evidence of pulmonary metastrongylid parasites, haemorrhagic lymph nodes and white-spotted liver. Histopathological analyses mainly showed interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia. There was a significant association between metastrongylid parasitism and BALT hyperplasia in lungs. Pathological findings of wild boars indicate that the assessed individuals were not exposed to notifiable diseases, such as CSFV, African swine fever virus and foot-and-mouth disease, which cause economic damage by non-tariff trade barriers. However, the detection of antibodies against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae, pathogens that impact commercial production, indicates the circulation of these agents, with frequency variation in wild populations. This shows the potential risk of pathogen transmission among domestic swine populations and free-living ones. The detection of antibodies against zoonotic agents such as HEV, IAV and Leptospira spp., other than characterizing the pathogens' circulation in these populations, suggests a potential risk to public health and pig farming, depending on the interactions established with the environment, humans and domestic swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodrigo Torres Severo
- Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Faculdade de Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) - Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Werlang
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) - Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Mori
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Evandro Mendes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) - Campus Concórdia, Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Beatris Kramer
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Iara Maria Trevisol
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Brazil
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Konradt G, Bassuino DM, Siqueira LC, Bianchi MV, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Infectious diseases dynamics in growing/finishing pigs in Southern Brazil (2005-2016). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of infectious diseases diagnosed through necropsy examination and histopathological analysis in growing/finishing pigs along 12 years (2005-2016) in Southern Brazil. We evaluated 1906 anatomopathological exams of pigs at growing/finishing phases, of which the infectious diseases corresponded to 75.6% of the cases (1,441/1,906). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections were the most frequent, accounting for 51.3% of the cases (739/1,441) with a higher frequency from 2005 to 2007, characterizing an epidemic distribution, with a gradual decline after 2008. Infectious diseases affecting the respiratory system were the second major cause with 30.1% of the cases. Among these, necrotizing bronchiolitis caused by swine Influenza (15.1%, 218/1,441) and bacterial pneumonia (15%, 216/1,441) were the main conditions. Influenza was mostly diagnosed from 2010 to 2013, accounting for 43.1% (167/387) of the cases. After this period, both respiratory infectious diseases were endemic. Digestive system infectious diseases accounted for 10.5% of the diagnoses (151/1,441), with the following main conditions: Salmonella spp. enterocolitis (43.7%, 66/151), Lawsonia spp. proliferative enteropathy (41.7%, 63/151), and Brachyspira spp. colitis (14.6%, 22/151). The latter had a higher incidence from 2012 to 2014 with all cases detected in this period. Polyserositis and bacterial meningitis represented, respectively, 5.8% (84/1,441) and 2.3% (33/1,441) of the cases diagnosed, with a constant endemic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Konradt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade de Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Daniele M. Bassuino
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade de Cruz Alta, Brazil
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Rech RR, Gava D, Silva MC, Fernandes LT, Haach V, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Schaefer R. Porcine respiratory disease complex after the introduction of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e155-e161. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Rech
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - D. Gava
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves; Concórdia SC Brazil
| | - M. C. Silva
- Qualem Laboratorio Veterinário; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | | | - V. Haach
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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