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Li H, Xiao HY, Yuan LP, Yan B, Pan Y, Tian PP, Zhang WJ. Protective effect of L-pipecolic acid on constipation in C57BL/6 mice based on gut microbiome and serum metabolomic. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:144. [PMID: 37210496 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional constipation (FC) in children affects their growth, development and quality of life. L-pipecolic acid (L-PA) was decreased in FC children based on gut microbiome and serum metabolomic. In this study, loperamide-induced constipation in mice was used to evaluate the effects of L-PA on constipated mice. METHOD 26 FC and 28 healthy children were recruited. Stool samples and serum samples were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) approach, respectively. A loperamide-induced mouse constipation model was developed, and all mice were randomly divided into control (Con), loperamide (Lop) and L-PA (Lop + L-PA) treatment groups (6 mice per group). The mice in the Lop + L-PA group were given L-PA (250 mg/kg, once a day) and loperamide; the Lop group was given loperamide for 1 week, and the Con group was given saline. The fecal parameters and intestinal motility of mice in each group were detected. serum 5-HT levels and colon 5-HT expression were detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively; qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of AQP3 and 5-HT4R mRNA in each group. RESULTS 45 differential metabolites and 18 significantly different microbiota were found in FC children. The α and β diversity of gut microbiota in FC children was significantly reduced. Importantly, serum L-PA was significantly reduced in FC children. The KEGG pathway enrichment were mainly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and choline metabolism. L-PA was negatively associated with Ochrobactrum, and N6, N6, N6-trimethyl-l-lysine was positively associated with Phascolarcrobacterium. In addition, L-PA improved the fecal water content, intestinal transit rate, and increased the serum 5-HT levels in constipated mice. Moreover, L-PA increased the expression of 5-HT4R, reduced AQP3, and regulated constipation-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota and serum metabolites were significantly altered in children with FC. The abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Ochrobactrum and serum L-PA content were decreased in FC children. L-PA was found to alleviate the fecal water content, increase intestinal transit rate and the first black stool defecation time. L-PA improved constipation by increasing 5-HT and 5-HT4R expression while down-regulating AQP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Yun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ping-Ping Tian
- Department of Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
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Hizay A, Dag K, Oz N, Comak-Gocer EM, Ozbey-Unlu O, Ucak M, Keles-Celik N. Lactobacillus acidophilus regulates abnormal serotonin availability in experimental ulcerative colitis. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102710. [PMID: 36708801 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Probiotics are known to play a beneficial role in curing irritable bowel syndrome such as ulcerative colitis. Commensal Lactobacillus species are thought to play a protective role against ulcerative colitis, as they restore homeostasis in intestinal disorders. Abnormal serotonin availability has been described in ulcerative colitis, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory role of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and its effect on serotonin expression. METHODS Ulcerative colitis was created with the intrarectal administration of acetic acid. A total of 40 adult male rats were divided into five groups of eight rats as control, sham, experimental colitis, treatment (Colitis + L. acidophilus) and protective group (L. acidophilus + colitis). To evaluate the effects of L. acidophilus on serotonin expression in ulcerative colitis, this bacterial strain was administered orally to the rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. After oral administration of L. acidophilus for 14 days, serotonin content was biochemically measured and serotonin expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS The expression of serotonin and its protein content was significantly increased in colitis compared to the control and sham groups. Abnormal serotonin availability in the rats with acetic acid-induced colitis was significantly reduced by the L. acidophilus. CONCLUSIONS In our study, it was observed that the amount of serotonin in the intestinal tissue increased excessively with ulcerative colitis. In addition, L.acidophilus has been found to reduce the abnormally increased amount of serotonin in the colon tissue, as well as reduce the inflammation in the intestinal tissue that occurs with ulcerative colitis. With our findings, it is predicted that probiotic application can be used as a treatment option in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Hizay
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Kubra Dag
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Nuriye Oz
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Emine Mine Comak-Gocer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Ozbey-Unlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Melike Ucak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Nigar Keles-Celik
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
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Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Rodríguez-Sanchez MJ, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Vezza T, Pischel I, Algieri F, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory and visceral analgesic effects of a Serpylli herba extract in an experimental model of irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967644. [PMID: 36120292 PMCID: PMC9479127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance:Serpylli herba extract (SHE), composed of the aerial parts of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) (Lamiaceae family), is traditionally used in Europe and North Africa to treat diarrhea, gastric ulcers, intestinal parasites and upper respiratory tract infections. Recently, SHE has generated a great interest for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) management, probably due to its intestinal anti-inflammatory properties shown in experimental colitis and the fact that its active components could preserve the intestinal barrier integrity, which is altered in patients with IBS.Aim of study: We aimed to test the effects of a SHE in a rat experimental model resembling human IBS.Materials and methods: IBS was provoked by deoxycholic acid (DCA). Rats were then treated with SHE (100 mg/kg) or gabapentin (70 mg/kg) and different inflammatory and gut barrier integrity markers were evaluated. Moreover, several gut hypersensitivity and hyperalgesia determinations were performed.Results: SHE improved referred pain and visceral hypersensitivity. Additionally, SHE enhanced immune status by downregulating of the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators Il-1β, Il-6, Ifn-γ, Tlr-4, and the inducible enzyme Cox-2, thus inducing visceral analgesia, and promoting the restore of the gut barrier function by upregulating the mucins Muc-2 and Muc-3. These anti-inflammatory effects could be related to its action on mast cells since it significantly inhibited the β-Hexosaminidase production in RBL-2H3 cells. Lastly, SHE also seems to modulate the serotonin pathway by restoring the altered expression of the 5-HT receptors Htr-3 and Htr-4.Conclusion: SHE could be considered a potential new treatment for IBS, since it ameliorates hypersensitivity, visceral hyperalgesia, and inflammation. These beneficial effects may be due to the inhibition of mast cells degranulation and serotonin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - María José Rodríguez-Sanchez
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ivo Pischel
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Algieri
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francesca Algieri, ; María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas,
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francesca Algieri, ; María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas,
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
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Arslanova A, Tarasova A, Alexandrova A, Novoselova V, Shaidullov I, Khusnutdinova D, Grigoryeva T, Yarullina D, Yakovleva O, Sitdikova G. Protective Effects of Probiotics on Cognitive and Motor Functions, Anxiety Level, Visceral Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress and Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:764. [PMID: 34440509 PMCID: PMC8398215 DOI: 10.3390/life11080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating clinical and preclinical data indicate a prominent role of gut microbiota in regulation of physiological functions. The gut-brain axis imbalance due to gut dysbiosis is associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics were suggested not only to restore intestinal dysbiosis but also modulate stress response and improve mood and anxiety symptoms. In this study, we assessed the effects of probiotic lactobacilli on behavioral reactions, the level of oxidative stress and microbiota content in mice administered to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that antibiotic treatment of adolescent mice for two weeks resulted in higher mortality and lower weight gain and induced significant changes in behavior including lower locomotor and exploratory activity, reduced muscle strength, visceral hypersensitivity, higher level of anxiety and impaired cognitive functions compared to the control group. These changes were accompanied by decreased diversity and total amount of bacteria, abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla, and reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio in the gut microbiota. Moreover, a higher level of oxidative stress was found in brain and skeletal muscle tissues of mice treated with antibiotics. Oral administration of two Lactobacillus strains prevented the observed changes and improved not only microbiota content but also the behavioral alterations, suggesting a neuroprotective and antioxidant role of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Arslanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Aksiniya Tarasova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Anastasia Alexandrova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (V.N.); (D.Y.)
| | - Vera Novoselova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (V.N.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ilnar Shaidullov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Dilyara Khusnutdinova
- “Omics Technologies” Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (D.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Tatiana Grigoryeva
- “Omics Technologies” Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (D.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Dina Yarullina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (V.N.); (D.Y.)
| | - Olga Yakovleva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.); (A.T.); (I.S.); (O.Y.)
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Bi Z, Zhang S, Meng Y, Feng Y, Wang Y, Wang E, Pan X, Zhu R, Fan H, Pang S, Zhu L, Yuan J. Female serotonin transporter-knockout rat: A potential model of irritable bowel syndrome. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21701. [PMID: 34143529 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000007rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease. Although visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and disturbed gastrointestinal motility are typical pathophysiological features of IBS, the pathological mechanisms underlying this disease remain unclear. Serotonin system abnormalities are considered to play an important role in the pathomechanisms of IBS. Here, we hypothesize that similar alterations, including VH and colonic motility, induced by serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout result from altered serotonin signaling. We sought to determine the molecular mechanism underlying VH and colonic dysmotility induced by SERT knockout. We found that female SERT (slc6a4)-knockout (KO; ie, slc6a4-/- ) rats exhibited lower pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) than wild-type (WT; ie, slc6a4+/+ ) rats in response to colorectal distension (CRD). Significantly increased fecal pellet output and reduced concentration of serum tryptophan were observed in the female SERT KO rats. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and serum in SERT KO rats were lower than those in WT rats, but the numbers of enterochromaffin cells (ECs) and the concentrations of 5-HT in colon of SERT KO rats were higher than those of WT rats. Finally, increased expression levels of 5-HT1B receptors, 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT3A receptors, 5-HT3B receptors, 5-HT6 receptors, 5-HT7 receptors, and glycosylated dopamine transporters (DATs) were found in the female SERT KO rats. We concluded that alterations in the serotonin system induced by the knockout of slc6a4 might result in VH and accelerated gastrointestinal motility in female SERT KO rats, which can be used as an animal model of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Bi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yangyang Meng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Feng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinshu Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enkang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangxue Pan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiting Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Pang
- Clinical Lab, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shaidullov IF, Sorokina DM, Sitdikov FG, Hermann A, Abdulkhakov SR, Sitdikova GF. Short chain fatty acids and colon motility in a mouse model of irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:37. [PMID: 33499840 PMCID: PMC7836204 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as a multifactorial disorder associated with visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunction of the brain-gut axis. Gut microbiota and its metabolites are proposed as possible etiological factors of IBS. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induce both inhibitory and stimulatory action on colon motility, however, their effects on the IBS model were not investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate the level of SFCAs in feces and their effects on colon motility in a mouse model of IBS. Methods IBS model was induced in mice by intracolonic infusion of 1% acetic acid during the early postnatal period. Mice colon hypersensitivity was assessed by the threshold of the abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distention. Colon contractility was studied using proximal colon specimens in isometric conditions. Transit rates were assessed by the pellet propulsion in the isolated colon. Concentrations of SCFAs in feces were measured using gas–liquid chromatography. Results The concentration of SCFAs in feces of IBS model mice was higher compared to the control group. Visceral sensitivity to colorectal distension and colonic transit rate were increased indicating IBS with predominant diarrhea. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions of proximal colon segments from IBS mice were higher, but carbachol induced contractions were lower compared to control. During acute application of SCFAs (sodium propionate, sodium acetate or butyric acid) dose-dependently (0.5–30 mM) decreased tonic tension, frequency and amplitude of spontaneous and carbachol-evoked contractions. In the mouse IBS group the inhibitory effects SCFAs on spontaneous and carbachol-evoked contractions were less pronounced. At the same time intraluminal administration of butyrate (5 mM) increased the transit rate in the colon of both groups, but its stimulatory effect was more pronounced in mouse IBS model group. Conclusion Our data indicate that the increased transit rate in the mouse IBS model group is associated with a disbalance of activating and inhibiting action of SCFAs due to chronically elevated SCFA levels, which may impact the pathogenesis of IBS with predominant diarrhea syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilnar F Shaidullov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18, Kremlevskaya str., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina M Sorokina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18, Kremlevskaya str., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Farit G Sitdikov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18, Kremlevskaya str., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anton Hermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr.34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sayar R Abdulkhakov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18, Kremlevskaya str., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel F Sitdikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18, Kremlevskaya str., 420008, Kazan, Russia.
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Zhu Y, Cheng J, Yin J, Yang Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Xie B, Lu H, Hao D. Effects of sacral nerve electrical stimulation on 5‑HT and 5‑HT3AR/5‑HT4R levels in the colon and sacral cord of acute spinal cord injury rat models. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:763-773. [PMID: 32626986 PMCID: PMC7339713 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to defecation dysfunction. Sacral nerve electrical stimulation (SNS) therapy could improve defecation function. The present study aimed to assess SNS therapy, with regard to the levels of serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors (5-HT3AR and 5-HT4R) in the colon and sacral cord, a rat model of acute severe SCI was used. This rat model was made using the New York University Impactor device. Model rats were randomized to the SCI and SNS (electrical stimulation on the S3 nerve) groups. After 14 days of treatment, enteric transmission function was assessed. 5-HT and 5-HT3AR/5-HT4R were measured by ELISA, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In SCI rats, SNS significantly increased the quantity of feces, shortened the time to the first fecal passage, and improved fecal texture and colon histology. SNS elevated 5-HT contents in the colon and spinal cord, and enhanced 5-HT3AR/5-HT4R protein expression and distribution in the colonic myenteric plexus and mucosa, sacral intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal horn. SNS upregulated the relative expression levels of 5-HT3AR/5-HT4R mRNA and protein in the colon and spinal cord. SNS can improve defecation and accelerate the recovery of colonic transmission functions in rat models of acute SCI. These effects involved upregulation of the 5-HT/5-HT3AR/5-HT4R axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jichao Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jiangyin Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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Calcium Pyruvate Exerts Beneficial Effects in an Experimental Model of Irritable Bowel Disease Induced by DCA in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010140. [PMID: 30634696 PMCID: PMC6356508 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate is a normal constituent of the body that participates in carbohydrate metabolism and functions as a scavenger of free radicals. Calcium pyruvate monohydrate (CPM) is a more stable derivative that has proved its anti-inflammatory effect in experimental colitis, among other disorders, and that could also be considered a source of calcium. Thus, it would be useful for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component and a high prevalence of osteoporosis like the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of CPM in a rat model of chronic post-inflammatory visceral pain induced by deoxycholic acid (DCA) that resembles IBS. Rats were administered DCA for three days intracolonically and then treated daily with CPM (40 and 100 mg/kg) or gabapentin (70 mg/kg) (positive control) by oral gavage for 17 days. The treatments reduced the visceral hypersensitivity measured by response to colorectal distension and referred pain. DCA induced changes in the colonic immune response characterized by increased expression of the cytokine Il-1β and the inducible enzyme Cox-2, which was reduced by the treatments. DCA also decreased the gut expression of the mucins Muc-2 and Muc-3, which was normalized by CPM, whereas gabapentin only increased significantly Muc-3. Moreover, DCA increased the expression of Tlr3, which was decreased to basal levels by all the treatments. However, the serotonin receptor Htr-4, which was also elevated, was not affected by any of the treatments, indicating no effect through this signalling pathway. In conclusion, CPM ameliorated the visceral hypersensitivity and the referred pain caused by DCA, being as effective as the control drug. Furthermore, it improved the immune status of the animals, which could contribute to the visceral analgesia and the regeneration of the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity.
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Shao L, Liu Y, Xiao J, Wang Q, Liu F, Ding J. Activating metabotropic glutamate receptor‑7 attenuates visceral hypersensitivity in neonatal maternally separated rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:761-770. [PMID: 30569115 PMCID: PMC6317681 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that metabotropic glutamate receptor-7 (mGluR7) is an important target for reducing anxiety and stress-associated behaviours. Notably, mood disorders exhibit high levels of comorbidity with gastrointestinal dysfunction; however, the role of mGluR7 outside of the central nervous system is currently unknown. Activating mGluR7 likely increases colonic secretory function. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of mGluR7 on the visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in rats. The expression levels of mGluR7 were assessed in the colon tissues of rats with neonatal maternal separation (NMS)-induced visceral hypersensitivity using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the mGluR7 agonist AMN082 (3 or 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered 1 h prior to the visceral hypersensitivity test, and the effects of AMN082 were then observed on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mGluR7 were upregulated in the colon mucosa of NMS rats compared with in normal control rats. Notably, administration of AMN082 (10 mg/kg) attenuated colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceral hypersensitivity in NMS rats. In addition, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA expression levels were upregulated, whereas interferon-γ mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the NMS + AMN082 group compared with in NMS rats. The number of cluster of differentiation 3+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa and myeloperoxidase activity were decreased in NMS + AMN082 rats. Furthermore, AMN082 treatment reduced the protein expression levels of phosphorylated-NF-κB in the colon tissue of NMS rats. These results indicated that activation of mGluR7 may attenuate CRD-induced visceral hypersensitivity in experimental IBS and reduce the abnormal immune cytokine response. In addition, it was suggested that the role of AMN082 in modulating the inflammatory response may be partially associated with inhibiting NF-κB activation. These data suggested that targeting mGluR7 may be useful in the treatment of stress-associated IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
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Cao YN, Feng LJ, Wang BM, Jiang K, Li S, Xu X, Wang WQ, Zhao JW, Wang YM. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum supernatants upregulate the serotonin transporter expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:59-66. [PMID: 29451186 PMCID: PMC5848327 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_333_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Probiotics play a role in relieving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, the underlying mechanism is yet unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the supernatants of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum on the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of L. acidophilus and B. longum supernatants for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. SERT mRNA and proteins levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western-blotting. RESULTS The mRNA levels of SERT in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells treated with different concentrations of L. acidophilus or B. longum supernatants for 12 h and 24 h, each, were higher than that in the control groups. In addition, the expression of the protein in both cells was also upregulated, which was approximately similar to that of the corresponding mRNA. CONCLUSIONS L. acidophilus and B. longum supernatants can upregulate SERT mRNA and protein levels in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Yu-Ming Wang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. E-mail:
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Abstract
Preclinical research remains an important tool for discovery and validation of novel therapeutics for gastrointestinal disorders. While in vitro assays can be used to verify receptor-ligand interactions and test for structural activity of new compounds, only whole-animal studies can demonstrate drug efficacy within the gastrointestinal system. Most major gastrointestinal disorders have been modeled in animals; however the translational relevance of each model is not equal. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a critical evaluation of common animal models that are being used to develop pharmaceuticals for gastrointestinal disorders. For brevity, the models are presented for upper gastrointestinal disorders involving the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine and lower gastrointestinal disorders that focus on the colon. Particular emphasis is used to explain the face and construct validity of each model, and the limitations of each model, including data interpretation, are highlighted. This chapter does not evaluate models that rely on surgical or other non-pharmacological interventions for treatment.
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Lyubashina O, Sivachenko I. The 5-HT 4 receptor-mediated inhibition of visceral nociceptive neurons in the rat caudal ventrolateral medulla. Neuroscience 2017; 359:277-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Temiz TK, Demir O, Simsek F, Kaplan YC, Bahceci S, Karadas B, Celik A, Koyluoglu G. Effect of nitrergic system on colonic motility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:424-429. [PMID: 27756955 PMCID: PMC4980932 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.186189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to investigate whether nitric oxide (NO)-mediated colonic motility was altered in rat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model, using different isoforms of NO-synthase (NOS) inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal model of IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity was induced by intra-colonic infusion of 0.5% acetic acid (AA) in saline once daily from postnatal days 8 to 21. Control animals received saline instead of AA. Experiments were performed at the end of 8 weeks. Distal colon tissues were resected and direct effects of different NOS inhibitors; N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, (L-NAME), ARL-17477 dihydrochloride hydrate (ARL 17477), N-[3-(Aminomethyl) phenyl] methyl]-ethanimidamidedihydrochloride (1400 W), and N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine dihydrochloride (L-NIO) were evaluated concentration-dependently in vitro tissue bath. Besides, morphology of both groups was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and the impact of NO antibodies was determined using the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The mean pressure values of spontaneous contractions and KCL (80 mmol/L) responses of distal colonic segments were similar in normal and IBS rats. L-NAME and ARL-17477 significantly increased the mean pressure of spontaneous colonic contractions in normal rats versus own base values (P < 0.05), but this increase did not significantly different when compared to IBS rats. In H and E staining, there was no difference with regard to morphology between two groups. Neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunoreactivity was found to be significantly decreased in IBS when compared to control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION L-NAME and ARL-17477 mediated mean pressure values were found to be slightly decreased in IBS rats. These findings may be related to a decrease in nNOS level in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijen Kaya Temiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omer Demir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University, 35350, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Simsek
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cem Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selen Bahceci
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Barıs Karadas
- Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Celik
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Koyluoglu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhao JM, Chen L, Zhou CL, Shi Y, Li YW, Shang HX, Wu LY, Bao CH, Dou CZ, Wu HG. Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion for Relieving Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:9410505. [PMID: 27738447 PMCID: PMC5055954 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9410505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To compare whether there is different effect between electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion (Mox) on visceral hypersensitivity (their analgesic effects) in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS). Methods. EA at 1 mA and 3 mA and Mox at 43°C and 46°C were applied to the Shangjuxu (ST37, bilateral) acupoint in rats with C-IBS and normal rats. An abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was used to assess visceral hypersensitivity. Toluidine blue staining was used to assess mast cell (MC) activity in colon of rats. Immunochemistry was used to measure 5-HT and 5-HT4 receptor expression in the colon. Results. AWR scores in all EA (1 mA and 3 mA) and Mox (43°C and 46°C) treatment groups after colorectal distention (CRD) stimulation pressure of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg were significantly lower than those of the model (MC) group (P all < 0.01). The MC counts and degranulation rates in the colon of all EA and Mox treatment groups and the MC group were significantly higher than those of the NC group (P all < 0.01). MC degranulation rates in the colon of all EA and Mox treatment groups were lower than those of the MC group (P all < 0.05). 5-HT expression in colon of all EA and Mox treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the MC group (P all < 0.01), and 5-HT4R expression in colon of both EA groups was significantly higher than that of the MC group (P both < 0.01). Conclusion. EA and Mox treatments may both ameliorate visceral hypersensitivity at different degree in rats with C-IBS, and EA treatment was better than Mox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Meng Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ci-Li Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu-Wei Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai-Xia Shang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu-Yi Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chun-Hui Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chuan-Zi Dou
- Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huan-Gan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
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15
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Reigstad CS, Linden DR, Szurszewski JH, Sonnenburg JL, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Correlated gene expression encoding serotonin (5-HT) receptor 4 and 5-HT transporter in proximal colonic segments of mice across different colonization states and sexes. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1443-8. [PMID: 27072889 PMCID: PMC5008845 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The production and handling of serotonin (5-HT) is an important determinant of colonic motility and has been reported to be altered in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota and sex of the host can influence expression of genes involved in 5-HT biosynthesis and signaling. While expression of genes in serotonergic pathways has been shown to be variable, it remains unclear whether genes within this pathway are coregulated. As a first step in that direction, we investigated potential correlations in relative mRNA expression of serotonergic genes, in the proximal colon isolated from male and female mice in different states of microbial association: germ-free (GF), humanized (ex-germ-free colonized with human gut microbiota, HM), and conventionally raised (CR) mice. Among the 10 pairwise comparisons conducted between five serotonergic transcripts, Tph1, Chga, Maoa, Slc6a4, and Htr4, we found a strong, positive correlation between colonic expression of Slc6a4 and Htr4 across different colonization states and sexes. We also identified a positive correlation between the expression of Tph1 and Chga; however, there were no correlations observed between any other tested pair of 5-HT-related transcripts. These data suggest that correlated expression of Slc6a4 and Htr4 likely involves coregulation of genes located on different chromosomes which modulate serotonergic activity in the gut. Further work will need to be done to understand the pathways and cell types responsible for this correlated expression, given the important role of 5-HT in gastrointestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Reigstad
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Natural Sciences and Geography, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - David R. Linden
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph H. Szurszewski
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Justin L. Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Purna C. Kashyap
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Illinois, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Zhao JM, Lu JH, Yin XJ, Chen XK, Chen YH, Tang WJ, Jin XM, Wu LY, Bao CH, Wu HG, Shi Y. Comparison of electroacupuncture and moxibustion on brain-gut function in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 21:855-65. [PMID: 25847778 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion therapies on patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). METHODS A total of 60 D-IBS patients were randomly allocated to the EA group (30 cases) and moxibustion group (30 cases). Before and after treatment, the gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological symptoms were scored by Visual Analogue Scale, Bristol Stool Form Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD); the expressions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R), and 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) in the sigmoid mucosal tissue were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, the effects on the functional brain areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insular cortex (IC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were observed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Compared with before treatment, both EA and moxibustion groups reported significant improvements in abdominal pain and abdominal bloating after treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The moxibustion group reported greater improvements in defecation emergency, defecation frequency, and stool feature than the EA group (P<0.01). Both HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly decreased in the moxibustion group than in the EA group (P<0.01). Both groups demonstrated significantly reduced expressions of 5-HT, 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in the colonic mucosa after treatment (P<0.01), with a greater reduction of 5-HT in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). Finally, decreased activated voxel values were observed in the left IC, right IC and PFC brain regions of patients in the moxibustion group under stimulation with 150 mL colorectal distension after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while in the EA group only PFC area demonstrated a reduction (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Moxibustion can significantly improve the symptoms of D-IBS, suggesting that moxibustion may be a more effective therapy than EA for D-IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-meng Zhao
- Yueyang Clinical School of Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jin-hua Lu
- Medical Imaging Department, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Xiao-jun Yin
- Yueyang Clinical School of Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xing-kui Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Yue-hua Chen
- Department of Digestive System, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Wei-jun Tang
- Radiology Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-ming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Lu-yi Wu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Chun-hui Bao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Huan-gan Wu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Prusator DK, Johnson AC. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G885-903. [PMID: 25767262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawn K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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18
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Cui XF, Zhou WM, Yang Y, Zhou J, Li XL, Lin L, Zhang HJ. Epidermal growth factor upregulates serotonin transporter and its association with visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13521-13529. [PMID: 25309082 PMCID: PMC4188903 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in visceral hypersensitivity and its effect on the serotonin transporter (SERT).
METHODS: A rat model for visceral hypersensitivity was established by intra-colonic infusion of 0.5% acetic acid in 10-d-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The visceral sensitivity was assessed by observing the abdominal withdrawal reflex and recording electromyographic activity of the external oblique muscle in response to colorectal distension. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the EGF levels in plasma and colonic tissues. SERT mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR while protein level was determined by Western blot. The correlation between EGF and SERT levels in colon tissues was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. SERT function was examined by tritiated serotonin (5-HT) uptake experiments. Rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were used to examine the EGF regulatory effect on SERT expression and function via the EGF receptor (EGFR).
RESULTS: EGF levels were significantly lower in the rats with visceral hypersensitivity as measured in plasma (2.639 ± 0.107 ng/mL vs 4.066 ± 0.573 ng/mL, P < 0.01) and in colonic tissue (3.244 ± 0.135 ng/100 mg vs 3.582 ± 0.197 ng/100 mg colon tissue, P < 0.01) compared with controls. Moreover, the EGF levels were positively correlated with SERT levels (r = 0.820, P < 0.01). EGF displayed dose- and time-dependent increased SERT gene expressions in IEC-6 cells. An EGFR kinase inhibitor inhibited the effect of EGF on SERT gene upregulation. SERT activity was enhanced following treatment with EGF (592.908 ± 31.515 fmol/min per milligram vs 316.789 ± 85.652 fmol/min per milligram protein, P < 0.05) and blocked by the EGFR kinase inhibitor in IEC-6 cells (590.274 ± 25.954 fmol/min per milligram vs 367.834 ± 120.307 fmol/min per milligram protein, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A decrease in EGF levels may contribute to the formation of visceral hypersensitivity through downregulation of SERT-mediated 5-HT uptake into enterocytes.
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