[Mortality, years of life lost, and incidence of occupational accidents in the State of Bahia, Brazil]

Tendência temporal dos anos potenciais de vida perdidos por acidentes de trabalho fatais segundo raça/cor da pele na Bahia, 2000-2019

Resumo Introdução: poucos estudos buscam evidenciar as diferenças raciais e o impacto social das mortes precoces decorrentes do trabalho, o que contribui para a inexistência de políticas públicas que objetivem superar essas desigualdades. Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal das Taxas de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos (TAPVP) decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho, segundo raça/cor da pele no estado da Bahia, de 2000 a 2019. Métodos: estudo de série temporal, com base em dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM); consideraram-se os óbitos por acidentes de trabalho. Empregou-se o modelo de regressão linear pelo método Joinpoint para análise da série temporal e o cálculo da Variação Percentual Anual (VPA) das TAPVP. Resultados: foram notificados 2.137 óbitos por acidentes de trabalho no período estudado, correspondentes a 64.791,5 APVP, dos quais 74,2% envolveram trabalhadores da raça/cor da pele parda. Destaca-se que a VPA das TAPVP entre trabalhadores pardos e negros foi, respectivamente, 2,3 e 3,0 vezes a VPA dos trabalhadores brancos. Os trabalhadores pardos morreram mais precocemente e tiveram maior perda de anos potenciais de vida em quantidade e maior velocidade de crescimento da TAPVP, comparados com os trabalhadores brancos. Conclusão: a mortalidade precoce por acidentes de trabalho representa um relevante problema de saúde pública, destacando-se entre trabalhadores não-brancos.

Show you the money – firms investing in worker safety have better financial performance: insights from a mapping review

Purpose

This study aims to (1) investigate the association between companies' investment in occupational safety and their financial performance and (2) discuss the importance of occupational safety to overall performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Occupational safety is often considered to be a practice that can yield suboptimal return on investment. However, it is not known whether this belief is substantiated by evidence. A mapping review of the eligible research literature (N = 36) regarding firms' investment in occupational safety and their financial performance, published between 1945 and2018, was carried out in the Web of Science database.

Findings

By dispelling myths regarding return on investment associated with occupational safety, the findings of this study underscore financial gains firms can obtain by promoting occupational safety measures in their organizations.

Originality/value

These issues are important because they can help policymakers understand the pressures companies face in terms of occupational safety and financial performance sustainability.

Macro Risk: A Versatile and Universal Strategy for Measuring the Overall Safety of Hazardous Industrial Installations in China

In this work, macro risk is used to describe the overall safety of a group of hazards that are congeneric in a certain area, which can effectively help safety supervisors with goal setting and decision-making in China. To demonstrate this, the article proposes a calculation method to quantitatively study the macro risk of hazardous industrial installations. The method simultaneously considers the probability and consequences of accidents as the two core elements of risk, and the consequences cover losses with various dimensions. Assisted by related probability theory and binomial distribution, we analyzed historical accident statistics in detail to reveal hidden laws. To explore how to normalize the dimension of varied losses, the number of person-years was introduced as a loss equivalent to set up a method of conversion between loss of life and economic loss. The calculation method, which manifests a versatile and universal strategy of macro risk, was thus established. The value of the macro risk obtained possesses chronergy. Based on chronergy, two applications in China are further discussed, indicating this method is indeed feasible and practical for safety supervision. Specifically, it can help reasonably allocate regulatory resources by comparing macro risks of the same types of installations in various jurisdictions. In addition, it is conducive to a scientific determination of regulatory direction through the comparison of macro risks of various types of installations in the same jurisdiction.

[Trends in incidence and mortality due to occupational accidents in Brazil, 1998-2008]

The objective was to evaluate trends in incidence and mortality due to occupational accidents in Brazil from 1998 to 2008. This was a time-trend series study that included cases of occupational accidents recorded in official Federal government statistics. The authors calculated annual percentage changes (APC) in incidence and mortality rates with the Joinpoint method using the calendar year as a regressor variable. There was a significant downward trend in incidence rates of occupational accidents, and the same trend was observed in typical occupational accidents. However, the number of cases increased during this period. There was a statistically significant upward trend in the incidence and number of cases of commuting accidents. The number of deaths and mortality rates showed a downward trend. Several factors may have contributed to the decline in incidence and mortality rates for occupational accidents, including improvement in working conditions, a shift in the economy from industry to services, underreporting of occupational accidents, and outsourcing of services. The increase in commuting accidents suggests the influence of violence in urban areas.

[Inability to work: analysis of sickness benefits granted in the State of Rondônia]

This is a descriptive epidemiological study aiming to o estimate the prevalence and duration of sickness benefits granted by the Brazilian Social Security Institute, as well as the clinical causes of inability to work among employees in Rondonia in 2008. The prevalence was submitted by 10,000 workers and stratified by sex, age, diagnosis, economic activity, and type and duration of benefits. Men had a higher prevalence and duration of benefits. Social security benefits were found to be 2,5 times more prevalent than accident benefits and both increased with age. Labor accidents were more prevalent in the age group ranging between 50-59 years, and Forestry, construction and manpower leasing: had the highest prevalence. The main diagnostic groups were injuries, musculoskeletal system disorders and digestive diseases. The duration of the sickness benefits was higher among men, =40 years and in the social security category. The economic activity is an important risk factor for Inability to work, and it needs to be further explored in order to improve sickness prevention and reduce the impact on workers' health arising from environmental conditions and working processes.

Circumstances and factors associated with accidental deaths among children, adolescents and young adults in Cuiabá, Brazil

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Analysis on accidents from the perspective of population segments shows there is higher incidence among children, adolescents and young adults. Since the characteristics and circunstances of the event are closely related to educational, economic, social and cultural issues, identifying them may contribute towards minimizing the causes, which are often fatal. The aim here was to identify the environmental, chemical, biological and cultural factors associated with deaths due to accidents among children, adolescents and young adults in Cuiabá, in 2009. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. RESULTS Thirty-nine accidental deaths of individuals aged 0 to 24 years were examined: 56.4% due to traffic accidents; 25.6%, drowning; 10.3%, aspiration of milk; 5.1%, falls; and 2.6%, accidentally triggering a firearm. Male victims predominated (82.1%). The presence of chemical, environmental and biological risk factors was observed in almost all of the homes. Regarding cultural factors and habits, a large proportion of the families had no idea whether accidents were foreseeable events and others did not believe that the family's habits might favor their occurrence. Delegation of household chores or care of younger siblings to children under the age of 10 was common among the families studied. CONCLUSION The results point towards the need to have safe and healthy behavioral patterns and environments, and to monitor occurrences of accidents, thereby structuring and consolidating the attendance provided for victims.

Acidentes de trabalho fatais e a qualidade das informações de seus registros em Uberaba, em Minas Gerais e no Brasil, 1997 a 2006

RESUMO OBJETIVO: caracterizar os acidentes de trabalho fatais e analisar a qualidade das informações de seus registros. MÉTODO: estudo ecológico com análise descritiva dos óbitos por acidentes de trabalho no Brasil, em Minas Gerais e no município de Uberaba, no período de 1997 a 2006. Utilizou-se como fonte de dados as informações do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), do Ministério da Saúde, e o Sistema Único de Benefícios (SUB), do Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social. RESULTADOS: as causas mais comuns de acidentes de trabalho fatais estão relacionadas com os acidentes de trajeto e atingem principalmente homens da faixa etária entre 25 e 44 anos. Constatou-se um elevado percentual de informação ignorada no campo direcionado à identificação da relação do óbito com o acidente de trabalho, alcançando, no período, média de 82,9% em nível nacional, de 84,5% no estadual e de 79,6% no municipal. Quanto à qualidade das informações do SIM, segundo os critérios propostos pela Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe, é considerada muito ruim para informar sobre acidentes de trabalho, sendo um fator limitante para o planejamento de ações no campo da saúde do trabalhador a partir desta fonte de dados. CONCLUSÃO: são necessárias, portanto, formas mais eficazes de registro das informações relacionadas aos acidentes de trabalho fatais.

Violência autoinfligida e anos potenciais de vida perdidos em Minas Gerais, Brasil

Os dados mundiais evidenciam que, aproximadamente, um milhão de pessoas cometeram violência autoinfligida, em 2000, e as consequências têm sido alarmantes. Uma pessoa morre por esse motivo a cada 40 segundos, e outra atenta contra a própria vida a cada três segundos. Estudo exploratório, objetivando a análise epidemiológica de mortalidade por violência autoinfligida do Estado de Minas Gerais, por meio do cálculo do Coeficiente de Mortalidade Padronizado e Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos. A mortalidade, no período de 1996 a 2007, foi 4,29 óbitos por 100.000 habitantes, sendo superior nos homens (6,90) em relação às mulheres (1,73). A faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos atingiu mortalidade de 7,0 óbitos por 100.000 habitantes. Em relação aos anos de vida perdidos a média da idade de óbitos manteve-se em torno dos 40 anos, evidenciando a perda do potencial social do sujeito acometido pela violência autoinfligida.