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Litak J, Grochowski C, Rysak A, Mazurek M, Blicharski T, Kamieniak P, Wolszczak P, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Litak G. New Horizons for Hydroxyapatite Supported by DXA Assessment-A Preliminary Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:942. [PMID: 35160888 PMCID: PMC8839981 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a tool that allows the assessment of bone density. It was first presented by Cameron and Sorenson in 1963 and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Misplacing the femoral neck box, placing a trochanteric line below the midland and improper placement of boundary lines are the most common errors made during a DXA diagnostic test made by auto analysis. Hydroxyapatite is the most important inorganic component of teeth and bone tissue. It is estimated to constitute up to 70% of human bone weight and up to 50% of its volume. Calcium phosphate comes in many forms; however, studies have shown that only tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite have the characteristics that allow their use as bone-substituted materials. The purpose of this study is aimed at analyzing the results of hip densitometry and hydorxyapatite distribution in order to better assess the structure and mineral density of the femoral neck. However, a detailed analysis of the individual density curves shows some qualitative differences that may be important in assessing bone strength in the area under study. To draw more specific conclusions on the therapy applied for individual patients, we need to determine the correct orientation of the bone from the resulting density and document the trends in the density distribution change. The average results presented with the DXA method are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Andrzej Rysak
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (C.G.); (M.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Wolszczak
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Litak
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.R.); (P.W.); (G.L.)
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Gupta S, Mathur S, Kapoor A, Vijay S, Khatri RK, Srivastava R. Clinical efficacy of amino bisphosphonate on periodontal disease status in postmenopausal women: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4919-4924. [PMID: 33209822 PMCID: PMC7652136 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_724_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder affecting postmenopausal women. Data suggest that postmenopausal women are at increased risk of periodontal diseases. Amino bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption and effectively used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Preliminary data indicate that there is a potential role for bisphosphonates in the management of periodontitis. Hence, this randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy of amino bisphosphonate on periodontal disease status among postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: Group A, which received scaling and root debridement and 70 mg weekly single oral dose of alendronate drug, and Group B, which received scaling and root debridement and placebo drug for 6 months. Clinical periodontal measurements were carried out for all patients at the baseline and 6 months later. Mandibular bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer at the beginning of the study and the end of 6 months. Results: A weekly single oral dose of 70 mg alendronate was well-tolerated. The intragroup comparison showed significant improvement in periodontal parameters in both groups. The intergroup comparison showed a significant increase in BMD after 6 months in Group A when compared with Group B (P = 0.0179). Conclusion: Single oral dose of 70 mg alendronate per week is well-tolerable, gastro-intestinally safe, and improves the clinical outcome of nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Setu Mathur
- Department of Periodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anjali Kapoor
- Department of Periodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sharmistha Vijay
- Department of Periodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohit K Khatri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rashi Srivastava
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rajasthan Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Davis S, Simpson E, Hamilton J, James MMS, Rawdin A, Wong R, Goka E, Gittoes N, Selby P. Denosumab, raloxifene, romosozumab and teriparatide to prevent osteoporotic fragility fractures: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-314. [PMID: 32588816 PMCID: PMC7357239 DOI: 10.3310/hta24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragility fractures are fractures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in fracture. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of non-bisphosphonates {denosumab [Prolia®; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA], raloxifene [Evista®; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan], romosozumab [Evenity®; Union Chimique Belge (UCB) S.A. (Brussels, Belgium) and Amgen Inc.] and teriparatide [Forsteo®; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA]}, compared with each other, bisphosphonates or no treatment, for the prevention of fragility fracture. DATA SOURCES For the clinical effectiveness review, nine electronic databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched up to July 2018. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review and network meta-analysis of fracture and femoral neck bone mineral density were conducted. A review of published economic analyses was undertaken and a model previously used to evaluate bisphosphonates was adapted. Discrete event simulation was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years for a simulated cohort of patients with heterogeneous characteristics. This was done for each non-bisphosphonate treatment, a strategy of no treatment, and the five bisphosphonate treatments previously evaluated. The model was populated with effectiveness evidence from the systematic review and network meta-analysis. All other parameters were estimated from published sources. An NHS and Personal Social Services perspective was taken, and costs and benefits were discounted at 3.5% per annum. Fracture risk was estimated from patient characteristics using the QFracture® (QFracture-2012 open source revision 38, Clinrisk Ltd, Leeds, UK) and FRAX® (web version 3.9, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK) tools. The relationship between fracture risk and incremental net monetary benefit was estimated using non-parametric regression. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis and scenario analyses were used to assess uncertainty. RESULTS Fifty-two randomised controlled trials of non-bisphosphonates were included in the clinical effectiveness systematic review and an additional 51 randomised controlled trials of bisphosphonates were included in the network meta-analysis. All treatments had beneficial effects compared with placebo for vertebral, non-vertebral and hip fractures, with hazard ratios varying from 0.23 to 0.94, depending on treatment and fracture type. The effects on vertebral fractures and the percentage change in bone mineral density were statistically significant for all treatments. The rate of serious adverse events varied across trials (0-33%), with most between-group differences not being statistically significant for comparisons with placebo/no active treatment, non-bisphosphonates or bisphosphonates. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were > £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year for all non-bisphosphonate interventions compared with no treatment across the range of QFracture and FRAX scores expected in the population eligible for fracture risk assessment. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for denosumab may fall below £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year at very high levels of risk or for high-risk patients with specific characteristics. Raloxifene was dominated by no treatment (resulted in fewer quality-adjusted life-years) in most risk categories. LIMITATIONS The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are uncertain for very high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS Non-bisphosphonates are effective in preventing fragility fractures, but the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are generally greater than the commonly applied threshold of £20,000-30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018107651. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 29. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Simpson
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jean Hamilton
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marrissa Martyn-St James
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Rawdin
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edward Goka
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Neil Gittoes
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kaur K, Singh KJ, Anand V, Bhatia G, Singh AP, Kaur M. Elucidating the role of size of hydroxyl apatite particles toward the development of competent antiosteoporotic bioceramic materials: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1723-1735. [PMID: 30924267 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis caused by overdose of steroids is one of the major concerns for the orthopedic surgeons. Current therapeutic strategies offer limited success due to their inability to regenerate damaged bone at osteoporosis site. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a material having bone regeneration ability and also, ability to cure osteoporosis simultaneously. In this work, nanosized and microsized hydroxyl apatite (HAp) particles doped with europium (Eu) were prepared for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in biomedical engineering. Particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction to confirm the formation of HAp phase and transmission electron microscopy technique has been used to explore the size of microparticle and nanoparticle. In vitro release of antibiotic drug and degradation behavior in two different pHs of phosphate buffered saline was checked. Controlled drug release behavior and conversion of degraded ions into HAp is estimated by Higuchi's and 3D diffusion model, respectively. Osteoporosis was induced in 36 female Wistar rats by administering dexamethasone once a week for four consecutive weeks. Rats were treated with different doses of nano-HAp (25, 50, and 100 μg/kg intravenous single dose) and single dose of microsized HAp (100 μg/kg). After treatment, authors have evaluated sensitive biochemical markers of bone in serum. Continuous improvement in ultimate stiffness and Young's modulus of femur shaft of rats was observed with the increase in the dose of nano-HAp from 25 to 100 μg/kg. Results strongly suggest that europium-doped nano-HAp is more effective for treating severe osteoporosis in humans. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1723-1735, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - K J Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vikas Anand
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gaurav Bhatia
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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Pardhe BD, Pathak S, Bhetwal A, Ghimire S, Shakya S, Khanal PR, Marahatta SB. Effect of age and estrogen on biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women: a population-based study from Nepal. Int J Womens Health 2017; 9:781-788. [PMID: 29123427 PMCID: PMC5661842 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s145191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis, a common disease worldwide, is characterized by low bone mass and architectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and increase in fracture risks. Both menopause and aging are related factors leading to greater risk of bone disease, particularly among postmenopausal women. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in biochemical markers of bone turnover and to evaluate the association of hormones and age-related factors with biochemical markers between pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months among the female population of Dholahity community, Lalitpur, Nepal. A total of 496 healthy women were selected based on the questionnaire strategy. Among them, 244 were premenopausal and 252 were postmenopausal women. Different bone markers were evaluated as per the guideline provided by the reagent manufacturer, and hormonal assay, particularly estradiol level assessment, was performed by chemiluminescence immunoassay-based technique. RESULTS A significant decrease in serum calcium level and estradiol level was observed in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women, whereas a significant increase in serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels was seen among postmenopausal (p<0.001). Age was significantly correlated with bone markers (ALP and calcium) in postmenopausal group (p<0.005), while there was no significant correlation in premenopausal group. In addition, there was significant positive correlation between calcium and estradiol in postmenopausal women, while ALP was negatively correlated with estradiol in that group. Further, no significant correlation was demonstrated between estradiol and bone markers in postmenopausal women in body mass index and age-adjusted partial correlation analysis. CONCLUSION Timely diagnosis of osteoporosis in women would be of significant benefit for effective care for required populations and help to minimize mortality rate and financial burden of our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashu Dev Pardhe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sabala Pathak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anjeela Bhetwal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sumitra Ghimire
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shreena Shakya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Puspa Raj Khanal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sujan Babu Marahatta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Renan OS, Rudy DB, Pedro MGS, Marcellus HLPS, Jand VRM. The role of nitric oxide in alendronate-mediated acceleration of gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Alendronate induces gastric damage by reducing nitric oxide synthase expression and NO/cGMP/K(ATP) signaling pathway. Nitric Oxide 2014; 40:22-30. [PMID: 24831353 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of alendronate has been linked to gastrointestinal tract problems. Our objective was to evaluate the role of the NO/cGMP/KATP signaling pathway and nitric oxide synthase expression in alendronate-induced gastric damage. Rats were either treated with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg), or the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, L-arginine (L-Arg; 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Some rats were pretreated with either ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor; 10 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (KATP channels blocker; 10 mg/kg). In other experiments, rats were pretreated with L-NAME (non-selective NOS inhibitor; 10 mg/kg), 1400 W (selective inducible NOS [iNOS] inhibitor; 10 mg/kg), or L-NIO (a selective endothelial NOS [eNOS] inhibitor; 30 mg/kg). After 1 h, the rats were treated with alendronate (30 mg/kg) by gavage for 4 days. SNP and L-Arg prevented alendronate-induced gastric damage in a dose-dependent manner. Alendronate reduced nitrite/nitrate levels, an effect that was reversed with SNP or L-Arg treatment. Pretreatment with ODQ or glibenclamide reversed the protective effects of SNP and L-Arg. L-NAME, 1400 W, or L-NIO aggravated the severity of alendronate-induced lesions. In addition, alendronate reduced the expression of iNOS and eNOS in the gastric mucosa. Gastric ulcerogenic responses induced by alendronate were mediated by a decrease in NO derived from both eNOS and iNOS. In addition, our findings support the hypothesis that activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway is of primary importance for protection against alendronate-induced gastric damage.
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Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is chemically related to the inorganic component of bone matrix as a complex structure with the formula of Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6. Previous studies have reported the application of microsized hydroxyapatite to bone regeneration, but the result is not satisfied. The limitation comes from the size of hydroxyapatite. In addition, the duration of treatment is very long. The advantages of hydroxyapatite nanocrystal are the osteoconduction, bioresorption, and contact in close distance. Crystal in osteoporotic bone is calcium phosphate hydroxide with the chemical formula of Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6. Crystal of normal bone is sodium calcium hydrogen carbonate phosphate hydrate with the chemical formula of Ca8H2(PO4)6 ·H2O-NaHCO3-H2O. The recent development is applying nanobiology approach to hydroxyapatite. This is based on the concept that the mineral atoms arranged in a crystal structure of hydroxyapatite can be substituted or incorporated by the other mineral atoms. In conclusion, the basic elements of hydroxyapatite crystals, composed of atomic minerals in a certain geometric pattern, and their relationship to the bone cell biological activity have opened opportunities for hydroxyapatite crystals supplement application on osteoporosis. Understanding of the characteristics of bone hydroxyapatite crystals as well as the behavior of mineral atom in the substitution will have a better impact on the management of osteoporosis.
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Liu M, Xiao GG, Rong P, Zhang Z, Dong J, Zhao H, Li H, Li Y, Pan J, Liu H, Wang W, Zha Q, Ju D. Therapeutic effects of radix dipsaci, pyrola herb, and Cynomorium songaricum on bone metabolism of ovariectomized rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:67. [PMID: 22639966 PMCID: PMC3585854 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbal medicines, such as Radix Dipsaci (RDD), Pyrola Herb (PHD), and Cynomorium songaricum decoction (CSD), on osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Methods OVX or sham operations were performed on 69 virgin Wistar rats that were divided into six groups: sham (sham, n = 12), OVX control group (OVX, n = 12), and OVX rats with treatments (diethylstilbestrol, E2, n = 12; RDD, n = 11, PHD, n = 11, and CSD, n = 11). Non-surgical rats served as normal control (NC, n = 12). The treatments began four weeks after surgery and lasted for 12 weeks. Bone mass and bone turnover were analyzed by histomorphometry. Levels of protein expression and mRNA of OPG and RANKL in osteoblasts (OB) and bone marrow stromal cells (bMSC) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results Compared to NC and sham rats, trabecular bone formation was significantly reduced in OVX rats, but restored in E2-treated rats. Treatment with either RDD or PHD enhanced trabecular bone formation remarkably. No significant change of bone formation was observed in CSD-treated rats. OPG expression of protein and mRNA was reduced significantly in OB and bMSC of OVX control rats. RANKL expression of protein and mRNA was increased significantly in OB and bMSC of OVX control rats. These effects were substantially reversed (increased in OPG and decreased in RANKL) by treatment with E2, RDD, or PHD in OB and bMSC of OVX rats. No significant changes in either OPG or RANKL expression were observed in OB and bMSC of OVX rats treated with CSD. Conclusions Our study showed that RDD and PHD increased bone formation by stimulating overexpression of OPG and downregulation of RANKL in OB and bMSC. This suggests that RDD and PHD may be used as alternative therapeutic agents for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Lacerda RA, Nunes BK, Batista ADO, Egry EY, Graziano KU, Angelo M, Merighi MAB, Lopes NA, Fonseca RMGSD, Castilho V. [Evidence-based practices published in Brazil: identification and analysis of their types and methodological approches]. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2011; 45:777-86. [PMID: 21710089 DOI: 10.1590/s0080-62342011000300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an integrative review of Brazilian studies on evidence-based practices (EBP) in health, published in ISI/JCR journals in the last 10 years. The aim was to identify the specialty areas that most accomplished these studies, their foci and methodological approaches. Based on inclusion criteria, 144 studies were selected. The results indicate that most EBP studies addressed childhood and adolescence, infectious diseases, psychiatrics/mental health and surgery. The predominant foci were prevention, treatment/rehabilitation, diagnosis and assessment. The most used methods were systematic review with or without meta-analysis, protocol review or synthesis of available evidence studies, and integrative review. A strong multiprofessional expansion of EBP is found in Brazil, contributing to the search for more selective practices by collecting, recognizing and critically analyzing the produced knowledge. The study also contributes to the analysis itself of ways to do research and new research possibilities.
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Chen Y, Cao Z, Zhang L, Xu X, Chen Y, Chen Y. Low level laser can be a novel adjuvant method for orthodontic tooth movement on postmenopausal women. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:479-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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TOMOGRAFIC AND TENSIOMETRIC ASSESSMENT ON FEMURS FROM OOPHORECTOMIZED RATS SUBJECTED TO HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY. Rev Bras Ortop 2010; 45:40-5. [PMID: 27019837 PMCID: PMC4799066 DOI: 10.1016/s2255-4971(15)30215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the biomechanical and tomographic effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on femurs from rats subjected to induced menopause. METHODS Forty-five adult Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups. The first and second groups consisted of rats subjected to oophorectomy, and the third was the control group, consisting of nonoophorectomized rates. After verifying that hormone failure had occurred (exfoliative cytological test), only the first group received HRT, over a two-month period. After this period, the femurs were disarticulated and subjected to biomechanical tests in a universal testing machine to evaluate their strength, and were subjected to tomographic evaluation to determine the bone mineral density. RESULTS The exfoliative cytological test showed that hormone failure was induced in all the oophorectomized animals. A significant difference (p = 0.030) in maximum strength measurements was observed between the groups (higher in the group with HRT). Greater bone fragility was observed in the oophorectomized animals without HRT than in those with HRT (p = 0.010), in relation to the control group (p = 0.0107). There was greater bone strength in the oophorectomized rats with HRT than in those without HRT, and these values were similar to those of the control group (p = 0.179). In the tomographic evaluation, no significant differences were found between the groups (p = 0.625). CONCLUSION A significant increase in bone strength was observed with the use of HRT. However, treatment with HRT did not show any significant change in bone mineral density.
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