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Leal GVDS, Philippi ST, Alvarenga MDS. Unhealthy weight control behaviors, disordered eating, and body image dissatisfaction in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2020; 42:264-270. [PMID: 32022158 PMCID: PMC7236168 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency of disordered eating (DE) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCB) among adolescents and associations with age, sex, actual weight status, perceived weight status, and body image dissatisfaction. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1,156 adolescents. DE was assessed using a specific self-report questionnaire, UWCB by specific behaviors that were not typically recommended for weight management, and body dissatisfaction by Stunkard's silhouettes. RESULTS The frequency of DE was 17.3%, and that of UWCB, 31.9%; 80.1% of participants were dissatisfied with body image. Perception of oneself as overweight was associated with 1.795-fold odds of DE. Those with UWCB had 7.389-fold odds of DE, while DE increased the odds of UWCB 7.280-fold. Girls, participants who perceived themselves as overweight, and those who reported body dissatisfaction were 2.266, 2.381, and 1.752 times more likely to have UWCB, respectively. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of UWCB and a moderate prevalence of DE behaviors was found in adolescents from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Those who perceived themselves as overweight had more DE and UWCB, and both behaviors were related. UWCB was more common in girls and among those dissatisfied with their bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greisse V. da S. Leal
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia T. Philippi
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Altenburg TM, Singh AS, Te Velde S, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Lien N, Bere E, Molnár D, Jan N, Fernández-Alvira JM, Manios Y, Bringolf-Isler B, Brug J, Chinapaw MJ. Actual and perceived weight status and its association with slimming and energy-balance related behaviours in 10- to 12-year-old European children: the ENERGY-project. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:137-145. [PMID: 26916601 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both parents' and children's perception of children's weight status may be important predictors of slimming and energy-balance related behaviours, independent of children's actual weight status. OBJECTIVES We examined the cross-sectional association of children's self-reported slimming and energy-balance related behaviours with children's (i) actual, (ii) self-perceived and (iii) parent-perceived weight status. METHODS Data of 10- to 12-year-old European children and their parents were used. Multilevel logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, gender, parental weight controlling behaviours, education, marital status and ethnicity. RESULTS Independent of their actual weight status, a higher proportion of children reported slimming when they or their parents perceived them as too fat. Children's self-perceived weight status was more strongly associated with slimming than their parents' perception or their actual weight status. Moreover, children who perceive themselves as overweight reported less physical activity and more screen time. Children whose parents perceive them as overweight reported less physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Children's own perception of their weight status appears to be more important for their self-reported slimming than their actual or their parent's perceptions of their weight status. Additionally, children's self-perceived weight status seems important in engaging more physical activity and reduces screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Altenburg
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Singh
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Te Velde
- EMGO Institut1e for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Lien
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Bere
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - N Jan
- Slovenian Heart Foundation, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J M Fernández-Alvira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Y Manios
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - B Bringolf-Isler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss TPH, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Brug
- EMGO Institut1e for Health and Care Research, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Chinapaw
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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[Weight control behaviors in dieting adolescent girls and their relation to body dissatisfaction and obsession with thinness]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 86:97-102. [PMID: 26235689 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction can lead adolescents to follow unsupervised diets, which could result in risky weight control behaviors such as fasting, vomiting, use of diuretics and laxatives. The aim of the current study is to examine weight control behaviors in dieting adolescents and relate them to body dissatisfaction (BD) and obsession with thinness (OT). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 439 adolescents from Valparaiso public schools to investigate risky weight control behaviors due to BD and OT scales from the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), comparing restrained eaters and non-restrained eaters. RESULTS A total of 43% adolescents had followed a weight loss diet without medical supervision. The dieters had higher BD and OT values. Moderate to severe food restriction, based on expert judgment, was observed in 29.6%, and differences in the presence and severity of purging behaviors were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS One third of the adolescents studied followed diets without professional supervision and had higher BD and OT values, as well as risky weight control behaviors. Overweight and obese adolescents followed more restrictive diets and developed riskier weight control behaviors.
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Bojorquez I, Villatoro J, Delgadillo M, Fleiz C, Fregoso D, Unikel C. Social factors, weight perception, and weight control practices among adolescents in Mexico. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:939-950. [PMID: 27106084 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316643596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association of social factors and weight control practices in adolescents, and the mediation of this association by weight perception, in a national survey of students in Mexico ( n = 28,266). We employed multinomial and Poisson regression models and Sobel's test to assess mediation. Students whose mothers had a higher level of education were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight and also to engage in weight control practices. After adjusting for body weight perception, the effect of maternal education on weight control practices remained significant. Mediation tests were significant for boys and non-significant for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Villatoro
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | | | - Clara Fleiz
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Diana Fregoso
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | - Claudia Unikel
- 2 Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
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Alvarenga MS, Koritar P, Pinzon VD, Figueiredo M, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Philippi ST, Scagliusi FB. Validation of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale for adolescents. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To perform the psychometric evaluation of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS) for adolescents. Methods Sample consisted of 1,119 Brazilian adolescents (12-18 years old; 59.6% female) studying at technical schools in São Paulo state-Brazil, who answered an online survey with the DEAS, the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), and the Restraint Scale (RS). The internal consistency of the DEAS was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. The convergent validity of DEAS was evaluated by means of Pearson’s coefficient correlation with EAT-26 and RS. The test-retest reliability was evaluated using a sub-sample of 61 adolescents. Known-groups validity was determined by comparing female student mean scores with scores of 33 female adolescents with eating disorders. Results The reliability of the DEAS was 0.79. EAT-26 and RS scores were positively correlated with DEAS scores (EAT: 0.78 for females and 0.59 for males, p < 0.001; RS: 0.63 for females and 0.48 for males, p < 0.001). The DEAS total and subscale scores differentiated students and patients with eating disorders (p < 0.001). The intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.87. Conclusion Results indicate that the DEAS adolescent version showed good internal consistency, convergent validity, known-groups validity, and test-retest reliability, suggesting its potential in identifying disordered eating attitudes among adolescents. It could also be helpful in identifying adolescents at risk from eating disorders, assisting in prevention programs.
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Abstract
Mass fortification of maize flour and corn meal with a single or multiple micronutrients is a public health intervention that aims to improve vitamin and mineral intake, micronutrient nutritional status, health, and development of the general population. Micronutrient malnutrition is unevenly distributed among population groups and is importantly determined by social factors, such as living conditions, socioeconomic position, gender, cultural norms, health systems, and the socioeconomic and political context in which people access food. Efforts trying to make fortified foods accessible to the population groups that most need them require acknowledgment of the role of these determinants. Using a perspective of social determinants of health, this article presents a conceptual framework to approach equity in access to fortified maize flour and corn meal, and provides nonexhaustive examples that illustrate the different levels included in the framework. Key monitoring areas and issues to consider in order to expand and guarantee a more equitable access to maize flour and corn meal are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luz Maria De-Regil
- Department of Nutrition for Health and
Development, World Health OrganizationGeneva, Switzerland
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Assunção MCF, Muniz LC, Dumith SC, Clark VL, Araújo CLP, Gonçalves H, Menezes AMB, Hallal PC. Predictors of body mass index change from 11 to 15 years of age: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:S65-9. [PMID: 23283164 PMCID: PMC3508412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored predictors of nutritional status change from 11 to 15 years of age by analyzing prospective data. METHODS We collected data at 11 and 15 years of age from individuals born in 1993 in Pelotas, Brazil. We assessed nutritional status using body mass index (BMI) for age in z-score according to the World Health Organization 2007 standards. Independent variables collected at 11 years of age were socioeconomic position, adolescent's perception of own weight, body dissatisfaction, and weight loss dieting. RESULTS Of the 4,032 adolescents whose nutritional status could be evaluated in the two follow-ups, 93% maintained their nutritional status classification from 11 to 15 years. A total of 102 (2.8%) became obese and 181 (4.5%) ceased to be obese in the 4-year period. The prevalence of obesity decreased from 11 to 15 years of age in both boys and girls. Low-income girls were more likely to become obese from 11 to 15 years of age compared with high-income ones. Among boys, those with high income were more likely to cease being obese compared those with low income. Those who perceived themselves to be obese, who wished to have a smaller silhouette, and who were on diets to lose weight were more likely to become obese or to achieve a normal BMI category at 15 years of age. CONCLUSIONS BMI tracks strongly in early adolescence. This finding suggests that interventions to more effectively change nutritional status should be implemented in childhood and should consider emotional aspects as well as social and biological ones.
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Scagliusi FB, Pereira PDR, Stelmo IDC, Unsain RF, Martins PA, Sato PDM. Insatisfação corporal, prática de dietas e comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em mães residentes em Santos. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0047-20852012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a insatisfação corporal, a prática de dietas e os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em uma amostra de mães residentes no município de Santos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 453 mães de filhos com até 10 anos de idade. As mães responderam ao Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), à Escala de Figuras de Stunkard e a uma questão sobre a prática atual de dietas. RESULTADOS: Das mães, 29,9% apresentaram escore positivo para os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e 21,8% estavam fazendo dieta para emagrecer no momento da entrevista. No tocante à imagem corporal, 17,5% das mães estavam satisfeitas com o seu tamanho corporal, 71,5% gostariam de diminuir seu tamanho corporal e 11,0% gostariam de aumentá-lo. Os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares foram mais frequentes nas mães insatisfeitas com seus tamanhos corporais (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das mães investigadas estava insatisfeita com os seus tamanhos corporais. A frequência de mães que praticavam dietas ou tinham comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares foi similar ou superior aos demais estudos nacionais, conduzidos, em sua maioria, com populações consideradas de risco, como meninas adolescentes e jovens universitárias.
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