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Neurological disorders of COVID-19: insights to applications of natural products from plants and microorganisms. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:909-937. [PMCID: PMC9702705 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the typical respiratory manifestations, various disorders including involvement of the nerve system have been detected in COVID-19 ranging from 22 to 36%. Although growing records are focusing on neurological aspects of COVID-19, the pathophysiological mechanisms and related therapeutic methods remain obscure. Considering the increased concerns of SARS-CoV-2 potential for more serious neuroinvasion conditions, the present review attempts to focus on the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds as the principle source of therapeutics inhibiting multiple steps of the SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle. The great majority of the natural products with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity mainly inhibit the attachment, entry and gene expression rather than the replication, assembly, or release. Although microbial-derived natural products comprise 38.5% of the known natural products with neuroprotective effects following viral infection, the neuroprotective potential of the majority of microorganisms is still undiscovered. Among natural products, chrysin, huperzine A, ginsenoside Rg1, pterostilbene, and terrein have shown potent in vitro neuroprotective activity and can be promising for new or repurpose drugs for neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2.
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Chen D, Fang X, Zhu Z. Progress in the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic drug exploration. IBRAIN 2022; 9:446-462. [PMID: 38680509 PMCID: PMC11045201 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decrease in mental capacity that can occur days to weeks after a medical procedure and may become permanent and rarely lasts for a longer period of time. With the continuous development of research, various viewpoints in academic circles have undergone subtle changes, and the role of anesthesia depth and anesthesia type seems to be gradually weakened; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. The protein hypothesis and the synaptic hypothesis are well-known reasons. These changes will also lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory cascade. The exact etiology and pathogenesis need to be studied. The reasonable biological mechanism affecting brain protein deposition, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholine-like effect has a certain relationship between AD and POCD. Whereas there is still further uncertainty about the mechanism and treatment, and it is elusive whether POCD is a link in the continuous progress of AD or a separate entity, which has doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, this review is based on the current common clinical characteristics of AD and POCD, and pathophysiological research, to search for their common points and explore the direction and new strategies for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Qin Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- College of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Ge Y, Lin D, Cui B, Zhang L, Li S, Wang Z, Ma J. Effects of Long Noncoding RNA H19 on Isoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysregulation by Promoting Neuroinflammation. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:117-127. [PMID: 34856557 DOI: 10.1159/000519124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isoflurane (ISO) may cause neuronal apoptosis and synaptic disorder during development, and damage long-term learning and memory function. This observation aimed to study the function of H19 in vitro and in vivo tests and the further mechanism was identified. METHODS ISO cell models and rat models were established and reactive oxygen species (ROS) identified. The viability and apoptosis of HT22 cells were detected by the MTT and flow cytometer. Morris water maze test was conducted to analyze the neurotoxicity of ISO on spatial learning and memory ability. Quantitative PCR was the method to verify the expression of H19. The concentration of inflammatory indicators was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS 1.5% and 2% ISO led to the neurotoxicity of HT22 cells and increased expression of H19. Silenced H19 meliorated these adverse impacts of ISO. Interference of H19 exerted neuroprotective roles by repressing modified neurological severity score, inhibiting escape latency, elevating distance and time of target area, and controlling ROS and inflammation. MiR-17-5p might be a promising competing endogenous RNA of H19. The expression of miR-17-5p was reduced in the ISO group and reversed by the absence of H19. CONCLUSION Our results of in vitro and in vivo assay indicated that the absence of HT22 is a neuroprotective regulator of cognition and inflammation by accumulating miR-17-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Duomao Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Boqun Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shurong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University-Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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Sun Y, Yuan Y, Wang L, Sun S. Effect of LncRNA OIP5-AS1/microRNA-186-5p on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221116276. [PMID: 36000339 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221116276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-operative recognition dysfunction (POCD) is a kind of central nervous system complication that appears after operative anesthesia. Recent studies on the mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in neurodegenerative diseases are abundant. AIMS The study aimed to explore the expression pattern and role of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 in POCD and to investigate its underlying mechanism in old rats. METHODS The old rats were exposed to isoflurane to mimic the POCD in the elderly, and their cognitive function was tested via Morris water maze (MWM) test. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied for the concentration detection of inflammation and oxidative stress-related factors. Luciferase reporter assay was done for the target gene analysis. RESULTS Downregulation of OIP5-AS1 was accompanied by isoflurane treatment in rats, overexpression of OIP5-AS1 induced the rats to spend more time in the target quadrant, and shorten escape latency time. OIP5-AS1 inhibited the release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, GSH and superoxide dismutase, decreased the activation of caspase-3, but promoted malondialdehyde release. miR-186-5p was a target miRNA of OIP5-AS1, and exhibited high expression in rats after isoflurane exposure. miR-186-5p can abolish the beneficial role of OIP5-AS1 against cognitive impairment, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis. CONCLUSION OIP5-AS1 plays a neuroprotective role in elderly POCD rats through sponging miR-186-5p, and it is related to OIP5-AS1/miR-186-5p mediated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Sun
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Dongying Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongying, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, 12476Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Medical Center, 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Li H, Du W, Yuan Y, Xue J, Li Q, Wang L. The Protective Effect of Picroside II on Isoflurane-Induced Neuronal Injury in Rats via Downregulating miR-195. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:202-210. [PMID: 34883483 DOI: 10.1159/000519779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous pieces of evidence demonstrated that isoflurane induces hippocampal cell injury and cognitive impairments. Picroside II has been investigated for its anti-apoptosis and antioxidant neuroprotective effects. We aimed to explore the protective effects of picroside II and the role of microRNA-195 (miR-195) on isoflurane-induced neuronal injury in rats. METHODS The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the effects of isoflurane on rats regarding escape latency and time in quadrant parameters. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-195 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including inter-leukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA, in the hippocampal tissues and neuronal cells. RESULTS The picroside II significantly improves isoflurane-induced higher escape latency and lower time spent in the quadrant compared with the control rats. Picroside II also promotes cell viability and suppresses cell apoptosis of isoflurane-induced neuronal cells. Besides, picroside II suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and miR-195 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-195 abrogates the effects of picroside II on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The appropriate dose of picroside II is 20 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Picroside II could protect the nervous system possibly through inhibiting the inflammatory response in the isoflurane-induced neuronal injury of rats. The protective effect of picroside II may be achieved by downregulating the expression of miR-195 and then inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Tian X, Yuan Y, Wang L. LncRNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed exacerbates the impairments in learning and memory induced by isoflurane. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221132152. [DOI: 10.1177/09603271221132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background This observation aimed to investigate the effect of colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) targeted miR-212-5p on cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia in rats. Methods The cognitive function of rats was measured by Morris water maze test. QRT-PCR detection of CRNDE and miR-212-5p expression levels in rats in each group. Double luciferase was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-212-5p and CRNDE, and commercial kits were used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus. Results The concentration of CRNDE was enhanced in rats treated by ISO anesthetic. The neurological severity score was elevated, the escape latency of rats was prolonged, the stay time in the quadrant of the platform, and the number of times crossing the platform decreased in the ISO group. The above indexes of rats in ISO + si-CRNDE were improved. MiR-212-5p is a mediator in the management of CRNDE on cognition and inflammation. Conclusion CRNDE led to the deterioration of impairment on cognition induced by ISO through suppressing miR-212-5p expression and promoting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang CM, Chen WC, Zhang Y, Lin S, He HF. Update on the Mechanism and Treatment of Sevoflurane-Induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:702231. [PMID: 34305576 PMCID: PMC8296910 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.702231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane is one of the most widely used anesthetics for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in surgical patients. Sevoflurane treatment may increase the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and patients with POCD exhibit lower cognitive abilities than before the operation. POCD affects the lives of patients and places an additional burden on patients and their families. Understanding the mechanism of sevoflurane-induced POCD may improve prevention and treatment of POCD. In this paper, we review the diagnosis of POCD, introduce animal models of POCD in clinical research, analyze the possible mechanisms of sevoflurane-induced POCD, and summarize advances in treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Ren J, Wei D, An H, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Shenqi Yizhi granules protect hippocampus of AD transgenic mice by modulating on multiple pathological processes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:112869. [PMID: 32315734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) draws more attention to explore effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). CHM usually uses combinations of herbs or herbal ingredients to treat diseases, with the components targeting different disease processes. CHM might improve cognition in AD and MCI patients by optimizing network activity, promoting neural plasticity and repairing damaged neurons. Shenqi Yizhi granules (SQYG), a CHM prescription, are mainly consists of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and have been used to ameliorate cognitive impairment in mild-to-moderate dementia patients. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the neuroprotection effect and pharmacological mechanism of SQYG in the hippocampus of 5XFAD transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The immunofluorescence detection, 2DE-gels, mass spectrum identification, biological information analysis and Western blot were performed after SQYG treatment. RESULTS SQYG treatment significantly decreased the fluorescence intensities of anti-GFAP and anti-Iba1 in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. The expression levels of 31 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly influenced by SQYG, approximately 65% of these proteins are related to energy metabolism, stress response and cytoskeleton, whereas others are related to synaptic transmission, signal transduction, antioxidation, amino acid metabolism, and DNA repair. The expression of these proteins were increased. The changes in the expression levels of malate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic) and pyruvate kinase M were confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological mechanism of SQYG on the hippocampus may be related to modulation of multiple pathological processes, including energy metabolism, stress response, cytoskeleton, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, and amino acid metabolism in 5XFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Haiting An
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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