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Ju HJ, Park HR, Kim JY, Kim GM, Bae JM, Lee JH. Intralesional immunotherapy for non-genital warts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2022; 88:724-737. [DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1369_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background
Intralesional immunotherapy has been reported to be effective for warts and to show good safety profiles, but this has not yet been systematically studied.
Aims
To determine the efficacy and safety of intralesional immunotherapy for treating non-genital warts.
Methods
We comprehensively searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from the times of their inception to January 3, 2020. The primary outcome was the rate of complete response of all lesions. The distant complete response rate of warts located in an anatomically different body part and the recurrence rate were also analyzed.
Results
A total of 54 prospective studies was ultimately included. The immunotherapeutic agents used were Mycobacterium w vaccine, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, purified protein derivative, Candida antigen, interferon, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine and others. The pooled rate of complete response among all patients with non-genital warts treated using intralesional immunotherapy was 60.6% (95% confidence interval 54.8–66.5%). The pooled recurrence rate was 2.0% (95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.9%). All reported adverse events were mild and transient.
Limitations
The heterogeneity among studies
Conclusion
Intralesional immunotherapy is suggested for use in patients with multiple warts, given its promising results, good safety profile and low recurrence rate.
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PALMIERI B, GALOTTI F, SORESI V, LAZZARONI G, MILAN P, OLIVI R, MAIONE L, TONINI E, PILLOSU W, ACCIARINI G, ANTONUCCI N, ZENDRINI C, CAMERONI P, RAMPONI V, SANGIORGI E, INCARNATO R, CILLA M, BRIZZI M, LUCÀ R, IASHIR U, ASPIRO A, D’ONOFRIO V, PEDRABISSI F, ALLEGRI PM, RIVERA S, RUSSO B, DALLARI A, BORRONI G, CASADEI A, DISTEFANO G, GALASSO G, NICOLINI M, VADALÀ M. Immunità innata come protezione dalle infezioni virali. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Palmieri B, Vadalà M. Letter to the Editor: Corynebacterium Parvum ( Propionibacterium Acnes): Cytokines Cells, Innate Immunity, and Putative Antiviral Adoption. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:132-136. [PMID: 33750214 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy.,Clinical Department, Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Clinical Department, Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy
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Roncati L, Vadalà M, Corazzari V, Palmieri B. COVID-19 vaccine and boosted immunity: Nothing ad interim to do? Vaccine 2020; 38:7581-7584. [PMID: 33071005 PMCID: PMC7546174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Today, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency and vaccination measures to counter its diffusion are deemed necessary. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the disease, unleashes a T-helper 2 immune response in those patients requiring intensive care. Here, we illustrate the immunological mechanism to train the immune system towards a more effective and less symptomatic T-helper 1 immune response, to be exploited against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy
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Palmieri B, Vadalà M, Roncati L, Garelli A, Scandone F, Bondi M, Cermelli C. The long-standing history of Corynebacterium parvum, immunity, and viruses. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2429-2439. [PMID: 32472706 PMCID: PMC7300755 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenseless situation due to impending CoViD‐19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact, no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequate C. parvum protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy.,Clinical Research Department, Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Clinical Research Department, Second Opinion Medical Network, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Garelli
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tor vergata's University, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Moreno Bondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cermelli
- Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Dadar M, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Prasad M, Khandia R, Hassan S, Munjal A, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Kumar D, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W. Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2478. [PMID: 30483247 PMCID: PMC6240620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection with skin-to-skin based transmission mode. HPV annually caused over 500,000 cancer cases including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer among others. HPV vaccination has become a public-health concern, worldwide, to prevent the cases of HPV infections including precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, and genital warts especially in adolescent female and male population by launching national programs with international alliances. Currently, available prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are expensive to be used in developing countries for vaccination programs. The recent progress in immunotherapy, biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and molecular biology along with alternative and complementary medicinal systems have paved novel ways and valuable opportunities to design and develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, drugs and treatment approach to counter HPV effectively. Exploration and more researches on such advances could result in the gradual reduction in the incidences of HPV cases across the world. The present review presents a current global scenario and futuristic prospects of the advanced prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against HPV along with recent patents coverage of the progress and advances in drugs, vaccines and therapeutic regimens to effectively combat HPV infections and its cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, U P Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Salman S, Ahmed MS, Ibrahim AM, Mattar OM, El-Shirbiny H, Sarsik S, Afifi AM, Anis RM, Yakoub Agha NA, Abushouk AI. Intralesional immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: A network meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:922-930.e4. [PMID: 30003983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without clear evidence, selecting among the existing immunotherapeutic options for warts remains challenging. OBJECTIVE Through network meta-analyses, we aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different intralesional immunotherapeutic modalities. METHODS We included randomized controlled trials comparing intralesional immunotherapeutic modalities to cryotherapy, placebo, or imiquimod. All outcomes were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Both conventional and network meta-analyses (with a frequentist approach) were conducted on R software. The P-score was used to rank different treatments. RESULTS Network meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials (1676 patients) showed that PPD (purified protein derivative vaccine, OR 39.56), MMR (measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, OR 17.46) and interferon β (OR 15.55) had the highest efficacy in terms of complete recovery at the primary site compared with placebo. Regarding complete recovery at the distant site, autoinoculation (OR 79.95), PPD (OR 42.95), and MMR (OR 15.39) were all statistically superior to placebo. According to the P-score, MMR was more effective than other modalities in reducing the recurrence rate at the same site. LIMITATIONS Relatively small sample size in some comparisons and variability in baseline characteristics. CONCLUSION PPD and MMR were the most effective in achieving complete primary and distant recovery (along with autoinoculation for distant recovery) and reducing the recurrence rate at the same site compared with cryotherapy and other immunotherapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Salman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Medical Research, Education, and Practice Association, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim
- Medical Research, Education, and Practice Association, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Mohamed Mattar
- Medical Research, Education, and Practice Association, Egypt; Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Shirbiny
- Medical Research, Education, and Practice Association, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameh Sarsik
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Afifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ruba Marwan Anis
- Medical Research, Education, and Practice Association, Egypt; Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadim Aiman Yakoub Agha
- Medical Research, Education, and Practice Association, Egypt; Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Thappa DM, Chiramel MJ. Evolving role of immunotherapy in the treatment of refractory warts. Indian Dermatol Online J 2016; 7:364-370. [PMID: 27730031 PMCID: PMC5038096 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.190487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous and genital warts are common dermatological conditions caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Although it is a benign condition, it causes disfigurement, has a tendency to koebnerize, and can be transmitted to others. This makes adequate and timely treatment important. There are several conventional treatments available with variable response. Topical and systemic immunotherapy has now found a significant place in the treatment of warts because of its nondestructive action, ease of use, and promising results. Through this review, we would like to present a brief overview of the various immunotherapeutic agents used. These include more established agents such as imiquimod, Mycobacterium w vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, Candida antigen, trichophyton antigen, tuberculin, zinc, cimetidine, levamisole, HPV vaccine, and autoimplantation therapy. Other agents such as contact immunotherapy which is sparsely used now than before and newer agents such as Corynebacterium parvum, sinecatechins, echinacea, propolis, glycyrrizinic acid, and Vitamin D have also been discussed. The mechanism of action of these agents, along with their dosage, mode of administration, duration of use, expected outcomes and comparative efficacy, evidence for their use, and expected side effects, if any, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder M Thappa
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Minu J Chiramel
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Abstract
Cutaneous warts are known to be recurrent and often resistant to therapy. Resistant warts may reflect a localized or systemic cell mediated immune (CMI) deficiency to HPV. Many modalities of treatment are in use; most of the provider-administered therapies are destructive and cause scarring, such as cryotherapy, chemical cauterisation, curettage, electrodessication and laser removal. Most patient-applied agents like podophyllotoxin have the risk of application-site reactions and recurrence. Thus immunotherapy is a promising modality which could lead to resolution of warts without any physical changes or scarring and in addition would augment the host response against the causative agent, thereby leading to complete resolution and decreased recurrences. Immunomodulators can be administered systemically, intralesionally or intradermally, and topically. A few agents have been tried and studied extensively such as cimetidine and interferons; others are new on the horizon, such as Echinacea, green tea catechins and quadrivalent HPV vaccine, and their efficacy is yet to be completely established. Though some like levamisole have shown no efficacy as monotherapy and are now used only in combination, other more recent agents require large and long term randomized placebo-controlled trials to clearly establish their efficacy or lack of it. In this review, we focus on the immunomodulators that have been used for the treatment of warts and the studies that have been conducted on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and PGIMER, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Relhan
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Garg
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Ghadami Yazdi E, Minaei MB, Hashem Dabaghian F, Ebrahim Zadeh Ardakani M, Ranjbar AM, Rastegari M, Ghadami Yazdi A. Efficacy of Myrtus communis L. and Descurainia sophia L. Versus Salicylic Acid for Wart Treatment. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 16:e16386. [PMID: 25558385 PMCID: PMC4270664 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Wart is a skin disease with circular appendages, which is called “suloul” in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). According to ITM literature, warts have different types and causes. The most important mechanism is excretion of materials (Khelt) from body to skin and mucus; its causative material is often phlegm, black bile or a combination of them. To treat warts, it is necessary to consider the patient’s life style, modify his dietary intake and moisturize his temperament. Objectives: This study aimed to compare Myrtus communis L. and Descurainia sophia L. as a method of ITM, versus salicylic acid in treatment of wart. Patients and Methods: In this study, conducted in Yazd, Iran, 100 patients were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Group 1) salicylic acid, group 2) salicylic acid and D. sophia L. group 3) M. communis L. group 4) M. communis L. and D. sophia L. Numbers, sizes of lesions and symptoms, on days 0, 20, 40 and 90 were examined and analyzed. The relapse rate was investigated three months after. Changes of sizes and numbers of warts in each period of time in each group, compared to baseline, were assessed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. To compare these changes between the groups, Kruskal Wallis test was used. Results: In this study 100 patients participated, 69% of which were female. Compared to baseline, mean ± SD of changes for the number of warts in day 40 were 1.12 ± 4.2, 0.96 ± 2.5, 1.32 ± 5.1 and 0.04 ± 0.2 respectively in the four groups (P = 0.02). Mean ± SD of changes for the number of warts in day 90 were 1.84 ± 4.5, 1.56 ± 2.8, 1.24 ± 5.1 and 0.04 ± 0.6 respectively in the four groups (P = 0.03). In addition mean ± SD of changes for the size of warts in day 40 were 0.96 ± 1.8, 1.03 ± 2.4, 2.47 ± 3.0 and 0.45 ± 1.7 respectively in the four groups (P < 0.001). Mean ± SD of changes for the size of warts in day 90 were 1.24 ± 2.1, 1.3 ± 2.3, 2.45 ± 3.1 and 0.45 ± 1.7 respectively in the four groups (P < 0.001). Relapse was not seen in any groups after three months. The frequency of side effects was similar after three months. Conclusions: M. communis L. can be used as a topical treatment for warts. It not only shows more rapid response than salicylic acid, but also has fewer side effects. It seems that D. sophia L. can modify the digestion process and patients can excrete large amounts of the substance that causes warts. Therefore, it is better to use it more than 40 days. According to our investigation, in ITM, considering the cause and mechanism of disease generation and the causing materials of the disease, different treatments should be applied for each patient. Although applying an appropriate treatment is necessary, a unique treatment for all the patients cannot be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghadami Yazdi
- Research Deputy of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Elham Ghadami Yazdi, Research Deputy of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133583671, Fax: +98-3516268481, E-mail:
| | - Mohamad Bagher Minaei
- Research Deputy of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fataneh Hashem Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Ranjbar
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Ali Ghadami Yazdi
- Department of Anesthesiology,Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
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Minaei MB, Ghadami Yazdi E, Ebrahim Zadeh Ardakani M, Hashem Dabaghian F, Ranjbar AM, Rastegari M, Ghadami Yazdi A. First Case Report: Treatment of the Facial Warts by Using Myrtus communis L. Topically on the Other Part of the Body. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e13565. [PMID: 24719732 PMCID: PMC3965865 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wart is a contagious dermal disease with different types. Wart has long-term treatment with symptoms of multiple relapses, which involve larger surfaces. It has no definite medical treatment in traditional medicine and the provided treatments encounter restrictions and side effects especially in the facial warts. CASE PRESENTATION Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) has provided different, economic, and low cost treatments for warts. One therapeutic method is using Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle) topically. The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Myrtle as a method of ITM. In this study, we present two patients with common warts. They are from Iran and live in Yazd. They were taken Myrtle topically on their body but not on their faces. CONCLUSIONS The facial warts of both cases have completely cured by using Myrtle. We hypothesized that Myrtle not only have antiviral effects but also may have a systemic impression. It can use topically on a part of body with influence on the other parts. Myrtle is especially useful for facial warts. These two cases highlighted a new method for treatment of common warts especially facial warts and it needs more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bagher Minaei
- Research Deputy of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami Yazdi
- Research Deputy of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Elham Ghadami Yazdi, Research Deputy of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133583671, Fax: +98-3516268481, E-mail:
| | | | - Fataneh Hashem Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Ranjbar
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | | | - Ali Ghadami Yazdi
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
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