Prevalência de obesidade abdominal e excesso de gordura em escolares de uma cidade serrana no sul do Brasil

Imagem corporal de adolescentes do sexo feminino e sua associação à composição corporal e ao comportamento sedentário

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a imagem corporal e sua associação à composição corporal, indicadores antropométricos e comportamento sedentário de adolescentes do sexo feminino. Estudo transversal com adolescentes do sexo feminino de Viçosa, MG. A imagem corporal foi avaliada por meio do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e pela Escala de Silhuetas. O percentual de gordura (%GC) e outros parâmetros antropométricos foram aferidos. O comportamento sedentário (CS) foi avaliado a partir da soma do tempo de tela (TT) e do tempo de celular (TC). A amostra foi composta por 274 adolescentes, a maioria com IMC adequado (81,6%), porém, 53,9% apresentaram o % GC elevado. Mais da metade das adolescentes apresentaram o CS elevado, 68,2% com o TT e 54,7% com o TC acima de 2h. A insatisfação corporal manifestou-se em 45,7%, e 50,2% desejaram uma silhueta diferente da atual. O perímetro da cintura (PC) (OR = 11,94, IC = 2,744 – 51,728) e a relação cintura-estatura (RCE) (OR = 10,535, IC = 3,109 – 35,698) foram as medidas mais associadas à insatisfação corporal. Todas as medidas de composição corporal apresentaram associação significativa com a insatisfação corporal, sendo o PC e o RCE os fatores mais condicionantes. O CS mostrou-se elevado, no entanto, não se associou com a avaliação negativa da imagem corporal.

Cardiovascular risk factors in children

INTRODUCTION

Systemic hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in childhood can potentially have a significant impact on future adverse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship of diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) with anthropometric data and area of residence of children in municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study of 709 children between six and nine years of age. Blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Statistical tests had a maximum significance level of 5% (p≤0.05) and the software used was SPSS version 13.0.

RESULTS

Obesity was significantly associated with pre-hypertension, and stage 1 and 2 hypertension as assessed by DBP and SBP (≤0.05); high WC was significantly associated with a classification of pre-hypertension and stage 1 hypertension based on DBP and a classification of stage 1 and 2 hypertension based on SBP (≤0.01).

CONCLUSION

Children living in urban areas had significantly higher mean SBP than those living in rural areas. Those with high WC presented higher SBP and DBP compared to children with normal WC. Obese children showed higher mean SBP and DBP compared to those who were overweight or normal weight and mean SBP and DBP also increased with older age and higher mean body mass index and WC.

Obesity parameters as predictors of early development of cardiometabolic risk factors

The scope of this study was to verify the association between different overweight and obesity parameters and the metabolic risk profile among school-age students. The randomized cross-sectional study included 1254 children and adolescents, aged 7 to 17, from a city in southern Brazil. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of fat (PF), measured at the triceps and based on subscapular skinfold thickness, were used as the parameters to evaluate overweight/obesity status. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density protein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides were also measured. The metabolic risk profile was calculated based on the sum of the z score of the metabolic variables adjusted by age. A three-model Poisson analysis was used to verify the association between BMI, WC and PF with metabolic risk profile. BMI showed the highest probability for developing metabolic risk compared with WC (overweight - PR: 1.63 and obesity - PR: 3.87) and PF (overweight - PR: 1.62 and obesity - PR: 2.92). In conclusion, BMI seems to be a better parameter of overweight/obesity than WC and PF in the assessment of metabolic risk among youths.

Factors Associated With Body Image Perception Among Brazilian Students From Low Human Development Index Areas

This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic, behavioral, and individual factors associated with body image perception in a sample of adolescents from schools in low Human Development Index areas in Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 609 boys and 573 girls (aged 11–17 years). Body image perception (nine-silhouettes scale) and sociodemographic, behavioral, and individual variables were included. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. Most boys (76.9%) and girls (77.5%) were dissatisfied with their body image. Body mass index status and healthy body image evaluation were significantly associated with body image dissatisfaction in both boys and girls ( p < .001), and daily fruit consumption was associated with body image dissatisfaction only in boys ( p = .035). Education and health care focused on body image can pay special attention to young people from vulnerable areas with unhealthy nutritional status and focus on strategies that enable improving the perception of a healthy body and a healthy diet.

Prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios: systematic review and meta-analysis

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE

Within the Brazilian nutritional panorama, coexistence of antagonistic nutritional disorders can be seen, especially the increasing prevalence of overweight and the persistence of significant rates of chronic malnutrition in vulnerable groups of the population. Because these are major public health problems, this study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios.

DESIGN AND SETTING

This was a systematic review of prevalence studies, developed at the State University of Paraíba.

METHODS

The SciELO, Lilacs and PubMed databases were searched for articles, using specific keywords. Articles published between 2006 and 2014 were selected. The review was conducted by two reviewers who worked independently. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, for which the studies were grouped within different epidemiological settings.

RESULTS

Among the 33 articles recovered, 9 involved samples from daycare centers, 4 had samples from public healthcare services or social registers, 5 related to populations in situations of social inequity and 15 were population-based. Higher chances of stunting were found in populations in situations of social inequity and in those at public healthcare services or on social registers, in relation to reference populations. For overweight/obesity, none of the scenarios had a higher chance than the reference.

CONCLUSION

Among Brazilian children, stunting continues to be a socially determined public health problem that mainly affects marginalized populations. This problem coexists with significant rates of overweight/obesity affecting all social groups.

Presença isolada e combinada de indicadores antropométricos elevados em crianças: prevalência e fatores sociodemográficos associados

Resumo Este estudo analisou a prevalência e os fatores sociodemográficos associados à presença isolada e combinada de indicadores antropométricos elevados em crianças. Estudo descritivo com 2.035 crianças (6–11 anos de idade, 50,1% de meninas), selecionadas de forma aleatória em escolas de Colombo, Brasil. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência da Cintura (CC) e Razão Cintura-Estatura (RCEst) foram classificadas conforme critérios de referência. As variáveis exploratórias foram idade, sexo, rede de ensino, turno e zona de moradia. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada (p < 0,05). As prevalências de crianças com IMC, RCEst ou CC elevados foram 9,4% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 3,3; 15,7), 8,7% (IC95%: 1,7; 15,9) e 4,4% (IC95%: 1,0; 7,9), respectivamente. A prevalência de um ou mais indicadores antropométricos elevados foi de 16,9% (IC95%: 5,4; 28,5). Crianças do sexo masculino (IMC elevado), mais novas (CC elevada) e da rede pública (IMC, CC ou RCEst elevados) tiveram maior odds ratio à presença isolada de indicadores antropométricos elevados. A rede pública e a zona rural foram associados à presença combinada de indicadores antropométricos elevados. Em conclusão, o combate à obesidade infantil nesta população pode ser direcionado às crianças da zona rural e da rede pública.

Excesso de peso e variáveis associadas em escolares de Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a associação das variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, dos comportamentos relacionados à saúde e características do ambiente familiar com a prevalência de excesso de peso em alunos do 1º ao 5º ano de escolas do município de Itajaí, Santa Catarina. As variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e referentes aos comportamentos e características do ambiente familiar foram identificadas por meio de questionário aplicado aos pais/responsáveis. Foi aferido e determinado o estado nutricional pelo Índice de Massa Corporal e circunferência da cintura. A associação entre o excesso de peso e as demais variáveis foi investigada por meio do teste do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e de Tendência Linear. A população constituía-se de 417 escolares, 95,2% da amostra. Os dados indicaram que 44,0% apresentaram excesso de peso, que esteve associado à melhor qualidade da dieta (49,4%, p = 0,051), menor frequência de consumo de biscoitos e salgadinhos, hábito de realizar refeições em frente à televisão, ao excesso de peso dos pais (51%, p = 0,002), ao escore da atuação da família na alimentação (51,9%, p = 0,029) e atividade física das crianças. Sugere-se que as ações em saúde devem considerar o entorno familiar e o contexto social das crianças para fomentar estilos de vida mais saudáveis.