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Coutinho GR, Santos SMCD, Gama CM, Silva SOD, Santos MEPD, Silva NDJ. Fatores demográficos e socioambientais associados à insegurança alimentar domiciliar nos diferentes territórios da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00280821. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt280821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a prevalência da insegurança alimentar domiciliar em diferentes territórios da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, e analisar fatores demográficos e socioambientais a ela associados. Os dados utilizados são de uma pesquisa maior denominada Qualidade do Ambiente Urbano de Salvador - QUALISalvador, realizada entre 2018 e 2020 em Salvador. A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Foram analisados 15.171 domicílios. Modelos de regressão logística multinominal foram utilizados para analisar a associação de variáveis demográficas e socioambientais com insegurança alimentar leve (IAL) e moderada ou grave (IAMG), para Salvador e macrozonas. Salvador apresentou 40,96% de insegurança alimentar. Nas macrozonas, as prevalências se diferenciaram: Orla Atlântica (25,8%), Área Urbana Consolidada (33%), Subúrbio (45,7%) e Miolo (47,9%). Todos os fatores analisados apresentaram associação com IAL e/ou IAMG no modelo para Salvador, entre eles estão o responsável pelo domicílio ter escolaridade ≤ 4 anos (IAL: OR = 2,00; IC95%: 1.61-2,47/IAMG: OR = 4,94; IC95%: 3,83-6,35), renda familiar per capita de até 1/2 salário mínimo (IAL: OR = 2,62; IC95%: 2,37-2,93/IAMG: OR = 4,03; IC95%: 3,53-4,60), percepção sobre a qualidade do ambiente urbano como ruim (IAL: OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,36-1,81/IAMG: OR = 2,03; IC95%: 1,73-2,38), com maior prevalência de insegurança alimentar em cenários de pior situação sociodemográfica. Na macrozona Miolo todos os fatores também se mantiveram associados à insegurança alimentar. Assim, os fatores de vulnerabilidade social estão associados à insegurança alimentar na capital e macrozonas, mas apresentam-se de formas especificas segundo características de cada território.
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Miguel EDS, Lopes SO, Araújo SP, Priore SE, Alfenas RDCG, Hermsdorff HHM. Association between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk in adults and the elderly: A systematic review. J Glob Health 2021; 10:020402. [PMID: 33110569 PMCID: PMC7568919 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food insecurity is a public health concern that affects health and quality of life, but its association with cardiometabolic risk is not well established. Thus, this systematic review evaluated the association between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and the elderly. Methods Search was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol using Scielo, LILACS and PubMed databases. We included original articles published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, which assessed the association between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and the elderly. The search identified 877 articles but only 11 were included in the review. Results Food insecurity was directly associated with cardiometabolic risk (excess weight, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes, and stress) after adjusting for interfering factors. A limitation of the cross-sectional study design is that the cause-effect relation between food insecurity and cardiometabolic risk cannot be established. Conclusions We conclude that food insecurity has a direct relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially excess weight, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The identification of food insecurity as health problems can contribute to the implementation of efficient public policies for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Protocol registration This review was registered on PROSPERO-International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews – CRD4201911549.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sílvia Oliveira Lopes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susilane Pereira Araújo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Eloiza Priore
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Young SL, Frongillo EA, Jamaluddine Z, Melgar-Quiñonez H, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ringler C, Rosinger AY. Perspective: The Importance of Water Security for Ensuring Food Security, Good Nutrition, and Well-being. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1058-1073. [PMID: 33601407 PMCID: PMC8321834 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water security is a powerful concept that is still in its early days in the field of nutrition. Given the prevalence and severity of water issues and the many interconnections between water and nutrition, we argue that water security deserves attention commensurate with its importance to human nutrition and health. To this end, we first give a brief introduction to water insecurity and discuss its conceptualization in terms of availability, access, use, and stability. We then lay out the empirical grounding for its assessment. Parallels to the food-security literature are drawn throughout, both because the concepts are analogous and food security is familiar to the nutrition community. Specifically, we review the evolution of scales to measure water and food security and compare select characteristics. We then review the burgeoning evidence for the causes and consequences of water insecurity and conclude with 4 recommendations: 1) collect more water-insecurity data (i.e., on prevalence, causes, consequences, and intervention impacts); 2) collect better data on water insecurity (i.e., measure it concurrently with food security and other nutritional indicators, measure intrahousehold variation, and establish baseline indicators of both water and nutrition before interventions are implemented); 3) consider food and water issues jointly in policy and practice (e.g., establish linkages and possibilities for joint interventions, recognize the environmental footprint of nutritional guidelines, strengthen the nutrition sensitivity of water-management practices, and use experience-based scales for improving governance and regulation across food and water systems); and 4) make findings easily available so that they can be used by the media, community organizations, and other scientists for advocacy and in governance (e.g., tracking progress towards development goals and holding implementers accountable). As recognition of the importance of water security grows, we hope that so too will the prioritization of water in nutrition research, funding, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zeina Jamaluddine
- London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, England
- American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Beirut
| | | | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Claudia Ringler
- Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Athila AR, Leite MS. ["Measuring hunger": psychometric scales of food insecurity and indigenous peoples in Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00208019. [PMID: 33027430 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00208019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) was validated for the Brazilian context in 2004. Since then, the scale has evaluated and measured the experience of food insecurity in rural and urban households, initially in the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey and later in the Brazilian National Survey of Demographic and Health. However, indigenous peoples have not been examined specifically in these surveys, despite recognition of their food and nutritional vulnerability. In this scenario, we analyze and discuss the application of the EBIA among indigenous peoples in Brazil, based on a set of fundamental questions for understanding and measuring their experience with food insecurity and "hunger". We conduct a sociopolitical and ethnographic analysis of a set of official documents and significant articles on the use of psychometric scales of food insecurity among Brazilian indigenous peoples, compared to international studies on the validation and application of scales in other sociocultural contexts. The initiatives with adaptation and application of the EBIA to indigenous peoples in Brazil indicate that understanding and measuring food insecurity in these peoples poses a major challenge. Particularly complex is the proposal to guarantee comparability of different contexts while taking into account the multiple local singularities. We propose that ethnographic studies should serve as specific components of future initiatives on this topic and that they should cover aspects such as the seasonality of indigenous peoples' food production, different processes of food monetization, and the dynamics of their food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romano Athila
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Maurício Soares Leite
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
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Bolarinwa OD, Ogundari K, Aromolaran AB. Intertemporal evaluation of household food security and its determinants: evidence from Rwanda. Food Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-019-00986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McKay FH, Haines BC, Dunn M. Measuring and Understanding Food Insecurity in Australia: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030476. [PMID: 30736305 PMCID: PMC6388276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The number of Australians seeking food aid has increased in recent years; however, the current variability in the measurement of food insecurity means that the prevalence and severity of food insecurity in Australia is likely underreported. This is compounded by infrequent national health surveys that measure food insecurity, resulting in outdated population-level food insecurity data. This review sought to investigate the breadth of food insecurity research conducted in Australia to evaluate how this construct is being measured. A systematic review was conducted to collate the available Australian research. Fifty-seven publications were reviewed. Twenty-two used a single-item measure to examine food security status; 11 used the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM); two used the Radimer/Cornell instrument; one used the Household Food and Nutrition Security Survey (HFNSS); while the remainder used a less rigorous or unidentified method. A wide range in prevalence and severity of food insecurity in the community was reported; food insecurity ranged from 2% to 90%, depending on the measurement tool and population under investigation. Based on the findings of this review, the authors suggest that there needs to be greater consistency in measuring food insecurity, and that work is needed to create a measure of food insecurity tailored for the Australian context. Such a tool will allow researchers to gain a clear understanding of the prevalence of food insecurity in Australia to create better policy and practice responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bronte C Haines
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waterfront campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Young SL. Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer. Front Public Health 2018; 6:149. [PMID: 29942800 PMCID: PMC6004510 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1358] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scale development and validation are critical to much of the work in the health, social, and behavioral sciences. However, the constellation of techniques required for scale development and evaluation can be onerous, jargon-filled, unfamiliar, and resource-intensive. Further, it is often not a part of graduate training. Therefore, our goal was to concisely review the process of scale development in as straightforward a manner as possible, both to facilitate the development of new, valid, and reliable scales, and to help improve existing ones. To do this, we have created a primer for best practices for scale development in measuring complex phenomena. This is not a systematic review, but rather the amalgamation of technical literature and lessons learned from our experiences spent creating or adapting a number of scales over the past several decades. We identified three phases that span nine steps. In the first phase, items are generated and the validity of their content is assessed. In the second phase, the scale is constructed. Steps in scale construction include pre-testing the questions, administering the survey, reducing the number of items, and understanding how many factors the scale captures. In the third phase, scale evaluation, the number of dimensions is tested, reliability is tested, and validity is assessed. We have also added examples of best practices to each step. In sum, this primer will equip both scientists and practitioners to understand the ontology and methodology of scale development and validation, thereby facilitating the advancement of our understanding of a range of health, social, and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred O Boateng
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hugo R Melgar-Quiñonez
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Sperandio N, Morais DDC, Priore SE. Escalas de percepção da insegurança alimentar validadas: a experiência dos países da América Latina e Caribe. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:449-462. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018232.08562016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se nesta revisão sistemática comparar as escalas de insegurança alimentar validadas e utilizadas nos países latino-americanos e caribenhos, e analisar os métodos empregados nos estudos de validação. Realizou-se busca nas bases eletrônicas Lilacs, SciELO e Medline. As publicações foram pré-selecionas pelos títulos e resumos, e posteriormente pela leitura integral. Dos 16.325 estudos revisados, selecionou-se 14. Foram identificadas 12 escalas validadas para os seguintes países: Venezuela, Brasil, Colômbia, Bolívia, Equador, Costa Rica, México, Haiti, República Dominicana, Argentina e Guatemala. Além dessas, tem-se a escala latino-americana e caribenha cuja abrangência é regional. As escalas variaram em relação ao padrão de referência utilizado, número de questões e diagnóstico da insegurança. Os métodos empregados pelos estudos para validação interna foi o cálculo do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e o modelo Rasch; para validação externa os autores calcularam associação e/ou correlação com variáveis socioeconômicas e de consumo alimentar. A exitosa experiência da América Latina e Caribe no desenvolvimento de escalas nacionais e regionais pode ser exemplo para outros países que ainda não possuem esse importante indicador capaz de dimensionar o fenômeno da insegurança alimentar.
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Chakona G, Shackleton CM. Voices of the hungry: a qualitative measure of household food access and food insecurity in South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40066-017-0149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bezerra TA, Olinda RAD, Pedraza DF. Insegurança alimentar no Brasil segundo diferentes cenários sociodemográficos. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017222.19952015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apontar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar, assim como fatores associados, em diferentes cenários sociodemográficos no Brasil. Realizou-se revisão sistemática com metanálise de artigos publicados de 2004 a 2013 sobre Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional a partir da busca em bases de dados. Calculou-se a média ponderada da prevalência de insegurança alimentar e as Razões de Chances considerando a categorização dos artigos segundo a origem de suas amostras. A média ponderada da prevalência de insegurança alimentar para escolas/creches, serviços de saúde/beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família e populações em iniquidades sociais foi, respectivamente, de 61,8%, 76,6% e 87,2%, com maiores Razões de Chances em relação aos estudos de base populacional e aos resultados da PNAD. A renda familiar, a quantidade de indivíduos no domicílio e o tipo de moradia foram as principais variáveis que apresentaram relação inversa significante com a insegurança alimentar. Os resultados evidenciam a determinação social da insegurança alimentar no Brasil.
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Ferrara P, Scancarello M, Khazrai YM, Romani L, Cutrona C, DE Gara L, Bona G. Food security and the nutritional status of children in foster care: new horizons in the protection of a fragile population. Minerva Pediatr 2016; 72:508-513. [PMID: 27733749 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.16.04802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional status of foster children, the quality of daily menus in group homes and the Food Security inside these organizations have been poorly studied and this study means to investigate them. METHODS A sample of 125 children, ranging in age from 0-17 years, among seven group homes (group A) was compared with 121 children of the general population we (group B). To evaluate nutritional status, BMI percentiles were used. Mean percentiles of both groups were compared through statistical analysis. Both nutritional and caloric daily distributions in each organization were obtained using the 24-hour recall method. A specific questionnaire was administered to evaluate Food Security. RESULTS From the analysis of mean BMI-for-age (or height-for-length) percentiles, did not observe statistically significant differences between group A and group B. The average daily nutrient and calorie distribution in group homes proves to be nearly optimal with the exception of a slight excess in proteins and a slight deficiency in PUFAs. Moreover, a low intake of iron and calcium was revealed. All organizations obtained a "High Food Security" profile. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional conditions of foster children are no worse than that of children of the general population. Foster care provides the necessary conditions to support their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy -
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Morais DDC, Dutra LV, Franceschini SDCC, Priore SE. [Food insecurity and anthropometric, dietary and social indicators in Brazilian studies: a systematic review]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 19:1475-88. [PMID: 24897212 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014195.13012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this systematic review was to relate food insecurity, detected using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), with anthropometric, dietary and social indicators. The search was conducted in electronic databases (ScieLO, LILACS, MEDLINE), with a selection of studies by titles and abstracts, and later full reading. Studies identified in bibliographic references were included. Of the 215 reviewed, 15 fulfilled inclusion criteria (association between insecurity and anthropometric, dietary or social indicators, detected by the EBIA), whereby three had more than one variable of interest. A relationship was observed between food insecurity and height/age and weight/age of child indices, as well as obesity in women. Lower consumption of regulating, tissue-building food products and iron, and higher carbohydrate intake are associated with food insecurity. There was a relationship between social indicators, such as lower income and education, lack of employment and basic sanitation. The EBIA was associated in some studies with nutritional and social indicators, but should be used in conjunction with other tools in order to cover the multiple dimensions of food and nutrition security.
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Vuong TN, Gallegos D, Ramsey R. Household food insecurity, diet, and weight status in a disadvantaged district of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:232. [PMID: 25884805 PMCID: PMC4358861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, economic and socially acceptable access to safe, sufficient, and adequately nutritious food in order to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life. For high income countries and those experiencing the nutrition transition, food security is not only about the quantity of available food but also the nutritional quality as related to over- and under-nutrition. Vietnam is currently undergoing this nutrition transition, and as a result the relationship between food insecurity, socio-demographic factors and weight status is complex. The primary objective of this study was to therefore measure the prevalence of household food insecurity in a disadvantaged urban district in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam using a more comprehensive tool. This study also aims to examine the relationships between food insecurity and socio-demographic factors, weight status, and food intakes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage sampling. Adults who were mainly responsible for cooking were interviewed in 250 households. Data was collected on socioeconomic and demographic factors using previously validated tools. Food security was assessed using the Latin American and Caribbean Household Food Security Scale (ELCSA) tool and households were categorized as food secure or mildly, moderately or severely food insecure. Questions regarding food intake were based on routinely used and validated questions in HCMC, weight status was self-reported. Results Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.87, showing the ELCSA had a good internal reliability. Approximately 34.4% of households were food insecure. Food insecurity was inversely related to total household income (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.04 - 0.22) and fruit intakes (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.31 - 4.22). There was no association between weight and food security status. Conclusions Despite rapid industrialization and modernization, food insecurity remains an important public health issue in large urban areas of HCMC, suggesting that strategies to address food insecurity should be implemented in urban settings, and not just rural locations. Fruit consumption among food insecure households may be compromised because of financial difficulties, which may lead to poorer health outcomes particularly related to non-communicable disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Ngoc Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology, the Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, 159, Hung Phu Street, Ward 8, District 8, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Danielle Gallegos
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Ramsey
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
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Cafiero C, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Ballard TJ, Kepple AW. Validity and reliability of food security measures. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1331:230-248. [PMID: 25407084 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews some of the existing food security indicators, discussing the validity of the underlying concept and the expected reliability of measures under reasonably feasible conditions. The main objective of the paper is to raise awareness on existing trade-offs between different qualities of possible food security measurement tools that must be taken into account when such tools are proposed for practical application, especially for use within an international monitoring framework. The hope is to provide a timely, useful contribution to the process leading to the definition of a food security goal and the associated monitoring framework within the post-2015 Development Agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cafiero
- Statistics Division, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
| | - Hugo R Melgar-Quiñonez
- McGill Institute for Global Food Security, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Terri J Ballard
- Statistics Division, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne W Kepple
- Statistics Division, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
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ELCSA, a Survey for Measuring Household Food Security, Reveals an Extremely High Prevalence of Food Insecurity in the Montaña de la Flor and Santa Maria Regions of Honduras. TOP CLIN NUTR 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Poblacion AP, Marín-León L, Segall-Corrêa AM, Silveira JA, Taddei JADAC. Insegurança alimentar em domicílios brasileiros com crianças menores de cinco anos. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2014; 30:1067-78. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00072713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artigo se propõe a estudar o processo de insegurança alimentar e fome em domicílios brasileiros com crianças menores de cinco anos. É um estudo transversal com representatividade nacional executado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS-2006) tendo como variável dependente a insegurança alimentar moderada e grave (IAM+G), medida através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Foram geradas estimativas de prevalência e razão de prevalência com intervalos de 95% de confiança. Os resultados apontam para alta prevalência de IAM+G concentrada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste (30,7%), nas classes econômicas D e E (34%) e em beneficiários de Programas de Transferência de Renda (PTR; 36,5%). O modelo de análise multivariada constatou que os riscos sociais (beneficiário de PTR), regionais (Norte e Nordeste) e econômicos (classes D e E) eram de 1,8, 2,0 e 2,4, respectivamente. Agregando-se os três riscos observou-se que 48% dos domicílios encontravam-se em IAM+G, ou seja, crianças e adultos passaram fome nos três meses anteriores ao inquérito.
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Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in rural Lebanon. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:251-8. [PMID: 24702865 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in rural Lebanon. DESIGN A cross-sectional study on a sample of households with at least one child aged 0-2 years. In a one-to-one interview, participants completed an adapted Arabic version of the HFIAS. In order to evaluate the validity of the HFIAS, basic sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements of the mother and child, and dietary intake data of the child were obtained. In order to examine reproducibility, the HFIAS was re-administered after 3 months. SETTING Rural Lebanon. SUBJECTS Mother and child pairs (n 150). RESULTS Factor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: 'insufficient food quality' and 'insufficient food quantity'. Using Pearson's correlation, food insecurity was inversely associated with mother's and father's education levels, number of cars and electrical appliances in the household, income, weight-for-age and length-for-age of the child and the child's dietary adequacy. In contrast, mother's BMI and crowding index were positively associated with food insecurity scores (P < 0·05 for all correlations). Cronbach's α of the scale was 0·91. A moderate correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (intra-class correlation = 0·58; P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the adapted Arabic version of the HFIAS is a valid and reliable tool to assess food insecurity in rural Lebanon, lending further evidence to the utility of the HFIAS in assessing food insecurity in culturally diverse populations.
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Cabral CS, Lopes AG, Lopes JM, Vianna RPDT. Seguranca alimentar, renda e Programa Bolsa Familia: estudo de coorte em municipios do interior da Paraiba, Brasil, 2005-2011. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2014; 30:393-402. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00140112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o impacto do Programa Bolsa Família na superação da Insegurança Alimentar. Realizou-se um estudo de coorte em 2005 e 2011, em amostra de famílias residentes em São José dos Ramos e Nova Floresta, Paraíba, Brasil. Em 2005 foram avaliados 609 domicílios e em 2011 foram encontradas e entrevistadas 406 famílias. Houve aumento da segurança alimentar/insegurança alimentar leve e melhoria nos indicadores socioeconômicos. Percebeu-se uma relação significativa entre a elevação da renda e a melhoria dos níveis de Insegurança Alimentar. O programa impacta positivamente no aumento da renda, propiciando melhorias dos níveis de segurança alimentar/insegurança alimentar leve. Percebeu-se que outras variáveis socioeconômicas podem estar contribuindo na melhoria deste perfil. Diante disso, no combate à insegurança alimentar e nutricional, são necessárias outras políticas e programas que ajam nos demais determinantes.
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Pedraza DF, Queiroz DD, Paiva ADA, Cunha MALD, Lima ZN. Seguridad alimentaria, crecimiento y niveles de vitamina A, hemoglobina y zinc en niños preescolares del nordeste de Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 19:641-50. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014192.22612012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
El presente estudio buscó analizar la asociación entre la (in)seguridad alimentaria y el estado nutricional de niños preescolares asistidos en jardines infantiles. La seguridad alimentaria fue evaluada a través de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA). El estado nutricional se evaluó a través del peso/edad, talla/edad, hemoglobina, retinol sérico y zinc sérico. Fueron encontradas prevalencias de déficit de estatura (6,2%), déficit de peso/edad (2,1%), deficiencia de vitamina A (24,4%), anemia (15,5%) y deficiencia de zinc (15,0%). La inseguridad alimentaria familiar fue caracterizada en 64,2% de las familias predominando la forma leve (32,6%). El estudio concluye que la inseguridad alimentaria estimada por la EBIA no se asoció a los Escore-z de crecimiento ni a las concentraciones de retinol sérico, hemoglobina y zinc sérico.
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Hadley C, Crooks DL. Coping and the biosocial consequences of food insecurity in the 21st century. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149 Suppl 55:72-94. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Validity of an adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in urban households in Iran. Public Health Nutr 2011; 15:149-57. [PMID: 21806860 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of a locally adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in the measurement of household food insecurity (FI) in the city of Tehran. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Urban households were selected through a systematic cluster sampling method from six different districts of Tehran. The socio-economic status of households was evaluated using a questionnaire by means of interviews. An adapted HFIAS was used to measure FI. Content validity was assessed by an expert panel, and the questionnaire was then tested among ten households for clarity. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the measure with a number of determinants and consequences of FI. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's α and exploratory factor analysis. For repeatability, the questionnaire was administered twice to twenty-five households at an interval of 20 d and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. SUBJECTS A total of 416 households. RESULTS In all, 11·8 %, 14·4 % and 17·5 % of the households were severely, moderately and mildly food insecure, respectively. Cronbach's α was 0·855. A significant correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (r = 0·895, P < 0·001). Factor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: the first five items as factor 1 (mild-to-moderate FI) and the last four as factor 2 (severe FI). Heads of food-secure households had higher education and higher job position compared with heads of food-insecure households (P < 0·001). Income and expenditure were lower in food-insecure households compared with food-secure households. CONCLUSIONS Adapted HFIAS showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, criterion validity and reliability in assessing household FI among Tehranians.
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Oliveira JS, Lira PICD, Osório MM, Sequeira LADS, Costa EC, Gonçalves FCLDSP, Batista Filho M. Anemia, hipovitaminose A e insegurança alimentar em crianças de municípios de Baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do Nordeste do Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2010; 13:651-64. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2010000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Determinar a prevalência de anemia e hipovitaminose A e analisar a associação da (in)segurança alimentar com os níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico de menores de 5 anos. Estudo transversal, realizado com 501 e 458 famílias em Gameleira e São João do Tigre, respectivamente. A avaliação da (in)segurança alimentar foi realizada através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Os níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico foram classificados de acordo com a OMS. Foram analisadas as associações com os indicadores socioeconômicos, habitação e biológicos sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico. As prevalências de anemia e hipovitaminose A foram mais elevadas em Gameleira quando comparadas com São João do Tigre. A (in)segurança alimentar moderada e grave das famílias foi de 75% em Gameleira e 64% em São João do Tigre. Na análise de regressão para os níveis de hemoglobina em Gameleira foram identificadas como significantes: escolaridade materna, renda familiar per capita, não possuir TV colorida, água de consumo sem tratamento, piso de barro e idade abaixo de 24 meses, enquanto para São João do Tigre o modelo final ficou resumido à falta de motocicleta e idade da criança. Quanto aos teores de retinol sérico, o modelo final de variáveis associadas ficou sendo renda per capita e sexo para Gameleira, e ausência de telefone celular e de esgotamento sanitário para São João do Tigre. A situação nutricional dessas populações, com prevalências semelhantes de insegurança alimentar, pode apresentar grandes diferenciações, sobretudo na prevalência de carências nutricionais específicas, especialmente, em relação aos fatores determinantes.
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