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Marques ES, Azeredo CM, de Oliveira AGES. Co-occurrence of Health Risk Behaviors Among Brazilian Adolescent Victims of Family Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4191-NP4207. [PMID: 29986614 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518786493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although recent studies have related the occurrence of violence in childhood and adolescence with the adoption of health risk behaviors, there are no studies that quantify this co-occurrence among adolescent victims of family violence. Our objective was, therefore, to investigate the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors in these adolescent victims. Data from the National School Health Survey, collected in 2015, were used. Co-occurrence of risk behaviors-involvement in fights, substance use (alcohol, drugs, and tobacco), not wearing seat belts and helmets, inadequate food consumption-was analyzed using Venn diagrams, according to the victim's status and sex. The association between the four risk behaviors and victimization was investigated using multiple logistic regression. All the analyses were performed using Stata®13. We found an excess of risk behaviors among victims of family violence in both sexes. The co-occurrence of the four risk behaviors analyzed was higher among male and female adolescents, who were victims of family violence than in nonvictims. Family violence was associated with the adoption of risk behaviors, regardless of sex. This association was stronger as the number of risk behaviors adopted increased. The chance of engaging in one risk behavior was 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.88, 1.98]) and 1.24 (95% CI = [0.90, 1.72]) higher for boys and girls, respectively, who had suffered family violence. This increased to 7.76 (95% CI = [5.33, 11.29]) and 7.28 (95% CI = [5.20, 10.20]) when considering engagement in four risk behaviors. Identifying the prevalence of co-occurrence of health risk behaviors in vulnerable subgroups (such as victims of domestic violence) could help target broader interventions focusing on multiple risk behaviors.
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Lemos YV, Wainstein AJA, Savoi LM, Drummond-Lage AP. Epidemiological and toxicological profile of homicide victims in a legal medicine unit in Brazil. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 65:55-60. [PMID: 31103924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of illicit drugs is considered a risk factor for victimization by lethal violence and is frequently found in necropsies of homicide victims. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of these victims. METHODS AND MATERIAL A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on homicide victims in 2014 with a sample composed of all homicide cases in 2014 for which toxicology had been performed in an Official Forensic Laboratory (Minas Gerais- Brazil). RESULTS 1382 homicide victims composed the sample. The group with a positive toxicology test (N = 943) presented higher proportions of men (p = 0.003), black/brown skin (p < 0.001), firearm history (p = 0.007) and a lower mean age (p < 0.001). In 72.2% of the positive tests, cocaine and benzoylecgonine were found; in 67.7%, THC and/or its metabolite was found; and in 43.1%, both illicit drugs were found. CONCLUSIONS The role of illicit drugs in early death goes far beyond intoxication as they are directly associated with age, skin color and gender. Young black/mixed men have an increased risk of homicide. Our findings point to the importance of investing in social actions, public safety and efforts to reduce drug use in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Vieira Lemos
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30110-130, Brazil; Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte, Rua Nícias Continentino 1291, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30510-160, Brazil
| | - Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30110-130, Brazil; Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte, Rua Nícias Continentino 1291, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30510-160, Brazil
| | - Larissa Miranda Savoi
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30110-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Drummond-Lage
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30110-130, Brazil; Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte, Rua Nícias Continentino 1291, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30510-160, Brazil.
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Oliveira KD, Baracat ECE, Lanaro R, Eugeni C, Ricci E, Rabello MS, de Souza JP, Gimenes VC, de Azevedo RCS, Fraga GP. Alcohol and brief intervention for trauma victims. Rev Col Bras Cir 2015; 42:202-8. [PMID: 26517793 DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912015004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to describe the causes and severities of trauma in patients who met the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and to display the pattern of alcohol consumption and subsequent changes one year after trauma. METHODS a transversal and longitudinal quantitative study carried out between November 2012 and September 2013 in the ED. Medical and nursing students collected blood samples, applied the J section of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and submitted alcohol abusers and dependents to BI. One year after admission, patients were contacted and asked about their patterns of alcohol use and their reasons for any changes. RESULTS from a sample of 507 patients admitted to the ED for trauma, 348 responded to MINI, 90 (25.9%) being abusers and 36 (10.3%) dependent on alcohol. Among the abusers, the most frequent cause of injury was motorcycle accident (35.6%) and among the dependents it was predominantly interpersonal violence (22.2%). Positive blood samples for alcohol were identified in 31.7% of the abusers and 53.1% of the dependents. One year after trauma, 66 abusers and 31 dependents were contacted, and it was ascertained that 36.4% of the abusers and 19.4% of the dependents had decreased alcohol consumption. The main reported reason for the reduction was the experienced trauma. CONCLUSION the motorcycle accident was the most common cause of injury. The detection of problematic alcohol use and implementation of BI are important strategies in the ED, however for alcohol abusers and dependents, BI was not the most reported reason for any changes in patterns of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Diniz Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Lanaro
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Eugeni
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen Ricci
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Pereira Fraga
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
<p>Considerando a relevância do uso abusivo de crack na atualidade brasileira e sua relação com a violência, este estudo propõe-se a analisar a associação entre comportamento violento —delitivo, auto e hetero<br />agressivo— entre os usuários de crack e variáveis sociodemográficas e de uso de drogas. Realizado estudo quantitativo, transversal, com amostra de conveniência, com 72 homens usuários de crack em tratamento nas Comunidades Terapêuticas de seis cidades da região Oeste<br />do Estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no Statistical Package for<br />the Social Sciences Versão 17.0, utilizando-se teste qui-quadrado para verificação de diferenças estatisticamente<br />significantes. Os resultados apontam associação do tráfico com número de pedras consumidas e de tratamentos realizados; de prisão ou detenção com baixa escolaridade,<br />ser solteiro e idade de início do uso de droga ilícita; de tentativa de suicídio com o tempo máximo de<br />abstinência e de heteroagressão com idade de início do uso de droga ilícita e frequência diária do uso de crack. O uso de crack pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de comportamento violento —delitivo, auto e heteroagressivo.</p>
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Silva SÉDD, Padilha MI. O alcoolismo na história de vida de adolescentes: uma análise à luz das representações sociais. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-07072013000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O estudo tem como objetivos descrever as representações sociais de adolescentes sobre alcoolismo e analisar as implicações do alcoolismo na história de vida dos adolescentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativo-descritiva, que utilizou o método de história de vida para coleta de dados com 40 adolescentes, concomitantemente à técnica de observação livre. A análise de conteúdo temática levou a duas categorias: 'O bom e o ruim das bebidas alcoólicas' e 'Alcoolismo e suas consequências'. As representações sociais dos adolescentes sobre o álcool o atrelaram a dois significados simbólicos: a associação da bebida alcoólica com o prazer e a diversão, e a negatividade do seu uso, relacionada à violência e perda dos sentidos. Conclui-se que o convívio com o alcoolismo na família influencia o modo como os adolescentes percebem o álcool no decorrer de sua vida.
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Mukku VK, Benson TG, Alam F, Richie WD, Bailey RK. Overview of substance use disorders and incarceration of african american males. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:98. [PMID: 23162480 PMCID: PMC3495267 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Incarceration affects the lives of many African American men and often leads to poverty, ill health, violence, and a decreased quality of life. There has been an unprecedented increase in incarceration among African American males since 1970. In 2009, the incarceration rate among black males was 6.7 times that of white males and 2.6 times of Hispanic males. Substance abuse in African American males leads to higher mortality rates, high rates of alcohol-related problems, more likely to be victims of crimes, and HIV/AIDS. African Americans comprised only 14% of the U.S. population but comprised 38% of the jail population. The cost of incarcerating persons involved in substance related crimes has increased considerably over the past two decades in the U.S. A reduction in the incarceration rate for non-violent offences would save an estimated $17 billion per year. Substance use disorder makes the individual more prone to polysubstance use and leads to impulse control problems, selling drugs, and other crimes. The high rate of incarceration in U.S. may adversely affect health care, the economy of the country, and will become a burden on society. Implementation of good mental health care, treatment of addiction during and after incarceration will help to decrease the chances of reoffending. Therapeutic community programs with prison-based and specialized treatment facilities, cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for 91-180 days, and 12-step orientation with staff specialized in substance abuse can be helpful. It is essential for health care professionals to increase public awareness of substance abuse and find ways to decrease the high rates of incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata K Mukku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
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Moretti-Pires RO, Corradi-Webster CM. [Adaptation and validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for a river population in the Brazilian Amazon]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 27:497-509. [PMID: 21519700 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to validate the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for a river population in the Brazilian Amazon. The original English version of AUDIT was translated into Portuguese, using the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization. The text was then back-translated and submitted to a native English translator, who approved the translation. AUDIT was administered to 361 inhabitants for a total of three times in two weeks. Data were analyzed for test/retest reliability and internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 at the first interview, 0.87 at the second, and 0.86 at the third. Test/retest reliability assessed via the intra-class correlation coefficient for the total AUDIT scale was 0.93. Area under ROC was 0.805 for a cutoff of seven (sensitivity 76.4%; specificity 75%). The validated AUDIT proved to be internally consistent and stable over time, but requires further investigation of its psychometric properties.
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Jomar RT, Ribeiro MR, Abreu ÂMM, Figueirò RFS. Educação em saúde no trânsito para adolescentes estudantes do ensino médio. ESCOLA ANNA NERY 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1414-81452011000100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este é um relato de experiência de acadêmicos de enfermagem em uma atividade de Educação em Saúde no Trânsito que objetivou sensibilizar adolescentes estudantes de ensino médio quanto à relação perigosa do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e os acidentes de trânsito. Aproximadamente 150 estudantes de 14 a 19 anos participaram da atividade, que foi composta por exibição de vídeo, palestra, discussão e distribuição de material educativo. Com esta experiência, os acadêmicos de enfermagem puderam vivenciar um trabalho de Extensão Universitária com enfoque na prevenção de agravos na comunidade e concluíram que o profissional enfermeiro pode desempenhar um papel importante na prevenção dos acidentes de trânsito envolvendo uso de álcool; entretanto, este tema precisa ser mais trabalhado durante sua formação.
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Postigo C, de Alda ML, Barceló D. Evaluation of drugs of abuse use and trends in a prison through wastewater analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 37:49-55. [PMID: 20655111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Illicit drugs and metabolites have been recognized recently as a group of emerging contaminants of concern, as a consequence of their high volumes of use and production. Drug residue levels in the aquatic environment have also been pointed out as good indicators of illicit drug abuse. The present work assesses for the first time drug abuse in a penal complex from the levels of different drug residues measured in the prison sewage waters and evaluates the suitability of this approach to track and control illicit drug usage in such facilities. The presence of various drugs of abuse and metabolites in sewage waters from a penal complex was determined by an analytical method based on on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Levels of consumption indicators measured in this water were used to back-calculate drugs usage in the penal complex. Daily use was observed for methadone (average of 156 doses/day/1000 inh), alprazolam (129 doses/day/1000 inh), ephedrine (46 doses/day/1000 inh), cannabis (33 doses/day/1000 inh.) and cocaine (3 doses/day/1000 inh). Sporadic consumption was observed for heroin, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy. In spite of the fact that this and other sewage epidemiological approaches described may suffer from bias that still need to be investigated and refined, it provides near "real-time" information on collective drug use in an anonymous way and constitutes a very useful, economic and fast tool to evaluate the efficiency of measures adopted to control and track drug abuse in this type of facilities (or any other provided that has a STP associated or an accessible collector system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Postigo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Scheffer M, Pasa GG, Almeida RMMD. Dependência de álcool, cocaína e crack e transtornos psiquiátricos. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722010000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo objetivou verificar a frequência de transtornos psiquiátricos em dois grupos de dependentes químicos, cocaína/crack e álcool/cocaína/crack, por meio do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I Plus). Foram entrevistados 32 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 27,65 (DP=7,38) anos. A maioria tinha Ensino Fundamental incompleto (34,37%), era solteira (81,25%) e relatou história familiar de consumo de álcool (76,5% - grupo cocaína/crack; 53,3% - grupo álcool/cocaína/crack). O período médio de abstinência era de 33,05 (DP=19,52) dias. Os resultados mostraram uma frequência maior de Transtorno do Humor nos dois grupos. Embora a diferença não tenha sido estatisticamente significativa, os dependentes de álcool/cocaína/crack apresentaram, adicionalmente, alta frequência de Transtorno de Personalidade, sugerindo a necessidade de tratamento diferencial para essa população.
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Guimarães CF, Santos DVVD, Freitas RCD, Araujo RB. Perfil do usuário de crack e fatores relacionados à criminalidade em unidade de internação para desintoxicação no Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre (RS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81082008000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo transversal foi realizado com usuários de crack do sexo masculino internados na Unidade de Desintoxicação do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre (RS) no período de março a dezembro de 2007. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de consumo de substâncias psicoativas e a presença de conduta anti-social, sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão em usuários de crack internados na Unidade de Desintoxicação do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre (RS), bem como verificar fatores associados à criminalidade nessa clientela. MÉTODO: Trinta sujeitos participaram do estudo, e os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e de avaliação do consumo de substâncias psicoativas e de antecedentes criminais com 55 questões, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Inventário Beck de Ansiedade, Inventário Beck de Depressão, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence e Escala Analógico-Visual de Fissura. RESULTADOS: Os principais resultados apontam para uma população de adultos jovens, de cor/raça branca, com idade média de 27,3 anos e em situação de subemprego ou desemprego. A presença de antecedentes criminais foi observada em 40% da amostra e está associada a maior fissura (U = 58,00; p = 0,035), a mais sintomas de ansiedade (U = 56,50; p = 0,028) e de depressão (U = 47,00; p = 0,009). CONCLUSÕES: É freqüente a presença de antecedentes criminais em dependentes de crack e esta variável está relacionada a mais ansiedade, depressão e fissura. Estudos deste tipo permitem ampliar o conhecimento da população atendida, para delinear de forma mais efetiva o plano terapêutico para esta clientela.
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Garbayo J, Argôlo MJR. Crime e doença psiquiátrica: perfil da população de um hospital de custódia no Rio de Janeiro. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0047-20852008000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Estudar a população internada em um hospital de custódia no Rio de Janeiro quanto a aspectos demográficos, diagnósticos e criminais. MÉTODOS: Todos os internos cumprindo medida de segurança detentiva no Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico Heitor Carrilho, em dezembro de 2007, (n = 177) foram avaliados pelo censo sociodemográfico aplicado por psiquiatras da instituição e tiveram seus prontuários analisados quanto a diagnóstico, tratamento psiquiátrico prévio e tipo de crime. Foi avaliada a relação entre vítima e perpetrador nos homicídios. RESULTADOS: A população é preferencialmente masculina (80%), solteira (72%), com 30 a 39 anos de idade (34%), baixa escolaridade (69%) e inativa (56%). Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes foram transtornos psicóticos (67%), seguidos por retardo mental (15,2%), transtornos em virtude de uso de substâncias psicoativas (7,3%), de personalidade (4,5%) e outros (6,2%). A maioria (71%) já havia recebido tratamento psiquiátrico prévio. O homicídio foi o crime mais comum (44%), seguido por crimes contra o patrimônio (26%), crimes sexuais (11%), crimes relacionados a entorpecentes (11%) e outros. O homicídio intrafamiliar predominou entre os psicóticos e os portadores de retardo mental. Os últimos cometeram proporcionalmente mais crimes sexuais do que os primeiros. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil da população foi compatível com o descrito para outras populações de internos em hospitais de custódia no país.
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