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Awad A, Yeh HY, Ramadan H, Rothrock MJ. Genotypic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence determinants of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from pastured poultry farms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1271551. [PMID: 38029099 PMCID: PMC10668334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1271551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Campylobacter is the leading bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illnesses worldwide. Pasture farming is regarded as an important source of agricultural production for small farming communities. Consumer preference for pasture-raised animal products has increased; however, there is a paucity of information on the microbiological quality of pasture-raised poultry products. The purpose of this study was to explore genetic relatedness of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates, to assess antibiotic resistance phenotypically and genotypically, and to screen the presence of virulence determinants of Campylobacter isolates from pasture-raised poultry farms from southeastern United States. Methods Ninety-seven Campylobacter isolates previously identified by Q7 BAX® System Real-Time PCR were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Campylobacter isolates were then evaluated for their phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility against nine antimicrobial agents using Sensititre plates. Additionally, Campylobacter isolates were tested for the presence of antimicrobial resistance-associated elements. Furthermore, Campylobacter isolates were screened for the presence of 13 genes encoding putative virulence factors by PCR. These included genes involved in motility (flaA and flhA), adhesion and colonization (cadF, docC, racR, and virB11), toxin production (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, wlaN, and ceuE) and invasion (ciaB and iamA). Results Among 97 Campylobacter isolates, Campylobacter jejuni (n = 79) and Campylobacter coli (n = 18) were identified. By MLST, C. jejuni isolates were assigned to seven clonal complexes. Among them, ST-353, ST-607 and ST-21 were the most common STs recognized. All C. coli (n = 18) isolates were included in CC-828. Interestingly, eight STs identified were not belonging any previous identified clonal complex. Campylobacter isolates displayed a high resistance rate against tetracycline (81.4%), while a low rate of resistance was observed against macrolides (azithromycin and erythromycin), quinolones and fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), ketolide (telithromycin), amphenicol (florfenicol) and lincomycin (clindamycin). Thirteen isolates (13.54%) were pan-susceptible to all tested antibiotics, while nine isolates were multi-antimicrobial resistant (MAR; resist to three or more antimicrobial classes). Interestingly, there were no isolates resistant to all antimicrobial classes. Thr86Ile mutation was identified in all quinolones resistant strains. Erythromycin encoding gene (ermB) was identified in 75% of erythromycin resistant isolates. The A2075 mutation was detected in one erythromycin resistant strain, while A2074 could not be identified. The tetO gene was identified in 93.7% of tetracycline resistant isolates and six tetracycline susceptible isolates. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that Campylobacter isolates from pasture-raised poultry farms showed the ST relatedness to Campylobacter isolates commonly associated with humans, indicating pasture-raised broiler flocks, similar to conventionally-reared broiler flocks, as a potential vector for antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic strains of thermophilic Campylobacter to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hung-Yueh Yeh
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
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Laconi A, Tolosi R, Drigo I, Bano L, Piccirillo A. Association between ability to form biofilm and virulence factors of poultry extra-intestinal Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109770. [PMID: 37150060 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter species are known to be able to produce biofilm, which represents an ideal protective environment for the maintenance of such fragile bacteria. Since the genetic mechanisms promoting biofilm formation are still poorly understood, in this study we assessed the ability of C. jejuni (n = 7) and C. coli (n = 3) strains isolated from diseased poultry, and previously characterized by whole genome sequencing, to form biofilm. The in vitro analyses were carried out by using a microtiter based protocol including biofilm culturing and fixation, staining with crystal violet, and measurement of the optical density (OD570). The ability to form biofilm was categorized into four classes (no, weak, moderate, and strong producers). Potential correlations between OD570 and the presence/absence of virulence determinants were examined. The C. jejuni were classified as no (n = 3), weak (n = 2), and moderate (n = 2) biofilm producers; however, all possessed genes involved in chemotaxis, adhesion, and invasion to the host cells. No genes present exclusively in biofilm producers or in non-biofilm producers were identified. All C. coli were classified as weak producers and showed a similar set of virulence genes between each other. A trend of increased mean OD570 was observed in the presence of flaA and maf7 genes. No association between biofilm production classes and the explanatory variables considered was observed. The results of this study suggest that further investigations are needed to better identify and characterize the genetic determinants involved in extra-intestinal Campylobacter biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Laconi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy.
| | - Roberta Tolosi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
| | - Ilenia Drigo
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 31020 Villorba, TV, Italy
| | - Luca Bano
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 31020 Villorba, TV, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, PD, 35020, Italy
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Al-Khresieh RO, Al-Daghistani HI, Abu-Romman SM, Abu-Niaaj LF. Genetic Signature and Serocompatibility Evidence for Drug Resistant Campylobacter jejuni. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101421. [PMID: 36290079 PMCID: PMC9598221 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis, a foodborne illness, is one of the world′s leading causes of gastrointestinal illness. This study investigates the link between human campylobacteriosis and the consumption of potentially contaminated food with Campylobacter jejuni. Three hundred sixty samples were collected from humans, chicken cloaca, raw chicken meat, unpasteurized milk, and vegetables. The chickens were obtained from licensed and non-licensed slaughterhouses, and only the necks and wings were studied. Samples were enriched under microaerobic conditions then cultured on the modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. Bacteria was identified by staining, biochemical testing, and molecular identification by the polymerase chain reaction for the virulence genes; hipO, asp, dnaJ, cadF, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC. The genomic homogeneity of C. jejuni between human and chicken isolates was assessed by the serological Penner test and the pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter was not detected in the vegetables and pasteurized milk, though, only twenty isolates from chickens and clinical samples were presumed to be Campylobacter based on their morphology. The biochemical tests confirmed that five isolates were C. coli, and fifteen isolates were C. jejuni including two isolates from humans, and the remaining were from chickens. The colonization of C. jejuni in chickens was significantly lower in necks (6.66%) obtained from licensed slaughterhouses compared to those obtained from non-licensed slaughterhouses (33.3%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all identified C. jejuni isolates were resistant to antibiotics, and the majority of isolates (53.5%) showed resistance against six antibiotics, though, all isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and aztreonam. The Penner test showed P:21 as the dominant serotype in isolates from humans, necks, and cloaca. The serohomology of C. jejuni from human isolates and chicken necks, wings, and cloaca was 71%, 36%, 78%, respectively. The PFGE analysis of the pattern for DNA fragmentation by the restriction enzyme Smal showed a complete genotypic homology of C. jejuni human isolates and chicken necks compared to partial homology with cloacal isolates. The study brings attention to the need for effective interventions to ensure best practices for safe poultry production for commercial food chain supply to limit infection with foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozan O. Al-Khresieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Hala I. Al-Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Allied Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Saeid M. Abu-Romman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Lubna F. Abu-Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology and Agriculture, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhi S, Shen J, Li X, Jiang Y, Xue J, Fang T, Xu J, Wang X, Cao Y, Yang D, Yao Z, Yu D. Development of Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA)-Exo-Probe and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a Assays for Rapid Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9557-9566. [PMID: 35857318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of campylobacteriosis, one of the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide. Here, we report the development of RAA-exo-probe and RAA-CRIPSR/Cas12a assays for the detection of C. jejuni in food samples. The two assays were found to be highly specific to C. jejuni and highly sensitive, as they were one log more sensitive compared to the traditional culture method, with detection thresholds of 9 and 5 copies per reaction, respectively. These assays successfully detected C. jejuni in spiked chicken samples and natural meat samples (chicken, beef, mutton, etc.) and were overall less dependent on expensive equipment, only requiring a fluorescent reader. Their ease of use compared to other nucleic acid amplification-based methods indicates that these assays could be adapted for the rapid, routine surveillance of C. jejuni contamination in food samples, particularly for work done in the field or poorly equipped labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinling Shen
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Nanjing Customs District People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Junxin Xue
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Taisong Fang
- Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuhao Cao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Danting Yang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daniel Yu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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Wysok B, Sołtysiuk M, Stenzel T. Wildlife Waterfowl as a Source of Pathogenic Campylobacter Strains. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020113. [PMID: 35215056 PMCID: PMC8879909 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether free-living birds belonging to game species whose meat is used for human consumption can constitute a reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human infection. Methods: A total of 91 cloacal swabs were taken from different species of wildlife waterfowl to estimate the Campylobacter prevalence, the genetic diversity of the isolates, and the presence of virulence genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance. Results: The presence of Campylobacter spp. was confirmed in 32.9% of samples. Based on flaA-SVR sequencing, a total of 19 different alleles among the tested Campylobacter isolates were revealed. The virulence genes involved in adhesion were detected at high frequencies among Campylobacter isolates regardless of the host species. The highest resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. The resistance rates to erythromycin and tetracycline were observed at the same level. Conclusions: These results suggest that wildlife waterfowl belonging to game species may constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human disease. The high distribution of virulence-associated genes among wildlife waterfowl Campylobacter isolates make them potentially able to induce infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Sołtysiuk
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-523-38-11
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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Kivistö R. Pathogenicity of Campylobacter strains of poultry and human origin from Poland. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108830. [PMID: 32841810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenic markers associated with Campylobacter infection in humans. A total of 104 Campylobacter isolates obtained from poultry and humans were examined for the presence of nine virulence genes and their ability to adhere to, invade and produce cytotoxin were defined using HeLa cells. The diversity of the Campylobacter spp. isolates was studied based on sequencing of the SVR-region of flaA gene. Altogether 45 flaA-SVR alleles were identified among 104 Campylobacter isolates of poultry and human origin. All Campylobacter isolates possessed flaA, cadF and racR genes involved in adherence. Accordingly, all poultry and human isolates exhibited adherence towards HeLa cells at mean levels of 0.95% and 0.82% of starting viable inoculum, respectively. The genes involved in invasion (iam and pldA) and cytotoxin production (cdtA, cdtB and cdtC) were also widely distributed among the human and poultry Campylobacter isolates. Significantly higher invasiveness was observed for poultry isolates (mean level of 0.002% of starting bacterial inoculum) compared to human isolates (0.0005%). Interestingly the iam gene, associated with invasion, was more common in human (100%) than poultry (84%) isolates, and the poultry isolates lacking the iam gene showed a marked reduction in their ability to invade HeLa cells. Moreover, virB11 was present in 22% of the poultry and 70.4% of the human isolates. Strains lacking virB11 showed a slight reduction in invasion, however in the absence of iam even the poultry isolates containing virB11 were unable to invade HeLa cells. The mean cytotoxicity of Campylobacter isolates from poultry and human was 26.7% and 38.7%, respectively. Strains missing both the cdtB and cdtC genes were non-cytotoxic compared to strains containing all three cdtABC genes, which were the most cytotoxic among the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from both sources. No cytotoxic effect was observed in only 4% of poultry and 5.6% of human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtacka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Characterisation of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020042. [PMID: 31973224 PMCID: PMC7168222 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibiotic resistance, virulence profiles, and clonality of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from an intensive poultry farming system in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Following ethical approval, samples were collected over six weeks using the farm-to-fork approach. Campylobacter spp. were identified using culture, confirmed and differentiated to species level by PCR, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Selected antibiotic resistance (and mutations) and virulence genes were screened by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Genetic relatedness amongst the isolates was ascertained using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In all, 105 isolates were confirmed as belonging to both Campylobactercoli (60; 57%) and C. jejuni (45; 43%). The highest resistance was recorded against erythromycin and clindamycin. The gyrA mutation, A20175C/A2074G point mutation, tet(O), and cmeB, all associated with antibiotic resistance, were detected. All the virulence genes (pldA, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, dnaJ, except for cadF) were also detected. Isolates were grouped into five pulsotypes displaying 85% similarity, irrespective of their resistance profiles. The numerous permutations of clonality, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profiles evident in Campylobacter spp. pose a challenge to food safety and necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology of this organism to decrease its spread in the food chain.
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Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Human campylobacteriosis: A public health concern of global importance. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02814. [PMID: 31763476 PMCID: PMC6861584 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are among the leading cause of bacterial foodborne and waterborne infections. In addition, Campylobacter is one of the major causative agent of bacterial gastrointestinal infections and the rise in the incidence of Campylobacter infections have been reported worldwide. Also, the emergence of some Campylobacter species as one of the main causative agent of diarrhea and the propensity of these bacteria species to resist the actions of antimicrobial agents; position them as a serious threat to the public health. This paper reviews Campylobacter pathogenicity, infections, isolation and diagnosis, their reservoirs, transmission pathways, epidemiology of Campylobacter outbreaks, prevention and treatment option, antibiotics resistance and control of antibiotics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Melo RT, Grazziotin AL, Júnior ECV, Prado RR, Mendonça EP, Monteiro GP, Peres PABM, Rossi DA. Evolution of Campylobacter jejuni of poultry origin in Brazil. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:489-496. [PMID: 31027810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common pathogen associated with foodborne diseases. Persistent presence of this pathogen contaminating the environment in slaughterhouses and chicken products have been reported worldwide. Although many efforts have been employed for reducing C. jejuni contamination, few studies have been conducted to understand the dynamics of C. jejuni in slaughterhouses over time. In this study, we evaluated the virulence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity profiles of 99 C. jejuni isolated from chilled chicken carcasses collected in Brazilian slaughterhouses during two distinct periods (2011-2012 and 2015-2016). The virulence profile was evaluated for the presence of flaA, ciaB, cadF, pldA and cdtABC genes. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Genetic diversity was assessed using RAPD-PCR. The prevalence of C. jejuni was significantly reduced in 2015-2016 as well the number of antibiotic (and multidrug) resistant isolates, except for tetracycline. However, isolates from 2015 to 2016 showed higher prevalence of multiple virulence genes and genetic diversity profile compared to isolates from 2011 to 2012. During the studied period, stricter regulations to control pathogens in poultry farms and slaughterhouses were implemented in Brazil, which may have contributed to the profile variation observed due to changes of selective pressures on bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta T Melo
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil.
| | - Ana Laura Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil
| | - Edson C Valadares Júnior
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil
| | - Renata R Prado
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil
| | - Eliane P Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Uberaba, Av. Nenê Sabino 1801, Bairro Aeroporto, Uberaba, MG, 38055-500, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil
| | - Phelipe A B M Peres
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil
| | - Daise A Rossi
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Sala 44, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlandia, MG, 38402-018, Brazil
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Würfel SFR, da Silva WP, de Oliveira MG, Kleinubing NR, Lopes GV, Gandra EA, Dellagostin OA. Genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from poultry meat products sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil. Poult Sci 2019; 98:932-939. [PMID: 30137619 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is regarded as the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis throughout the world and most cases of human campylobacteriosis can be traced back to the consumption of poultry meat. In Brazil, few studies evaluated the genetic relatedness among Campylobacter isolates. The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry meat products sold on the retail market in Southern Brazil. The presumptive identification of Campylobacter was performed using traditional microbiological analysis, followed by molecular confirmation by PCR. The genetic diversity of isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 91.7% (33/36) of the samples, totaling 48 isolates. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species isolated (90.8%). PFGE data revealed 26 pulsotypes and 18 PFGE patterns composed of only 1 isolate. Campylobacter isolates exhibited high genetic diversity; however, some clones were recurrent in the poultry meat products sold on the retail market. As the south region of Brazil is an important producer and exporter of chicken meat, our results highlight the need to control this pathogen in the food chain in this area of the world to reduce the risks of exposing consumers to campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F R Würfel
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - W P da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M G de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - N R Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - G V Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - E A Gandra
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - O A Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Ricke SC, Feye KM, Chaney WE, Shi Z, Pavlidis H, Yang Y. Developments in Rapid Detection Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Campylobacter in the United States. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3280. [PMID: 30728816 PMCID: PMC6351486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and rapid detection of Campylobacter spp. is critical for optimal surveillance throughout poultry processing in the United States. The further development of highly specific and sensitive assays to detect Campylobacter in poultry matrices has tremendous utility and potential for aiding the reduction of foodborne illness. The introduction and development of molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of the food industry to identify the presence of foodborne pathogens throughout poultry production. Further innovations in various methodologies, such as immune-based typing and detection as well as high throughput analyses, will provide important epidemiological data such as the identification of unique or region-specific Campylobacter. Comparable to traditional microbiology and enrichment techniques, molecular techniques/methods have the potential to have improved sensitivity and specificity, as well as speed of data acquisition. This review will focus on the development and application of rapid molecular methods for identifying and quantifying Campylobacter in U.S. poultry and the emergence of novel methods that are faster and more precise than traditional microbiological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristina M. Feye
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Zhaohao Shi
- Department of Food Science, Center of Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Mohammadpour H, Berizi E, Hosseinzadeh S, Majlesi M, Zare M. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:41. [PMID: 30275908 PMCID: PMC6158901 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of reports indicating correlation between outbreaks of campylobacteriosis and the consumption of raw vegetables. This study is a meta-analysis on the prevalence of Campylobacter in fresh vegetables and fruits without any location limitation, which was performed through a documented review of the available resources. Relevant literature was reviewed by trained reviewers, who examined the results for the inclusion of articles in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Campylobacter in raw vegetables, the sample source, the Campylobacter species, and the method of detection were extracted. The prevalence of Campylobacter in vegetables, fruits, and fresh produce were estimated to be 0.53%. Analysis of the various sample groups initially showed that the bean and sprouts group was the vegetable with the highest prevalence of Campylobacter (11.08%). The rate of contamination was higher when both the molecular and conventional methods were employed. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter was found in Asia (33.4%). Despite the low prevalence, consumption of raw vegetables is inherently risky because no treatment is used to inactivate the pathogens. Therefore, proper sanitation methods are recommended to treat the raw products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooriyeh Mohammadpour
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731 Iran
| | - Majid Majlesi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Reddy S, Zishiri OT. Genetic characterisation of virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion and cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical cases. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2018; 85:e1-e9. [PMID: 29781670 PMCID: PMC6238761 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence-associated genes have been recognised and detected in Campylobacter species. The majority of them have been proven to be associated with pathogenicity. This study aimed to detect the presence of virulence genes associated with pathogenicity and responsible for invasion, expression of adherence, colonisation and production of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Commercial chicken faecal samples were randomly sampled from chicken farms within the Durban metropolitan area in South Africa. Furthermore, human clinical Campylobacter spp. isolates were randomly sampled from a private pathology laboratory in South Africa. Out of a total of 100 chicken faecal samples, 78% (n = 78) were positive for Campylobacter growth on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate and from the random laboratory collection of 100 human clinical isolates, 83% (n = 83) demonstrated positive Campylobacter spp. growth following culturing methods. These samples were screened for the presence of the following virulence genes: cadF, hipO, asp, ciaB, dnaJ, pldA, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. As expected, the cadF gene was present in 100% of poultry (n = 78) and human clinical isolates (n = 83). Campylobacter jejuni was the main species detected in both poultry and human clinical isolates, whilst C. coli were detected at a significantly lower percentage (p < 0.05). Eight per cent of the C. jejuni from human clinical isolates had all virulence genes that were investigated. Only one C. coli isolate demonstrated the presence of all the virulence genes investigated; however, the pldA virulence gene was detected in 100% of the C. coli isolates in poultry and a high percentage (71%) in human clinical C. coli isolates as well. The detection of cdt genes was found at higher frequency in poultry than human clinical isolates. The high prevalence rates of virulence genes detected in poultry and human clinical isolates demonstrate their significance in the pathogenicity of Campylobacter species.
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Lopes GV, Landgraf M, Destro MT. Occurrence of Campylobacter
in raw chicken and beef from retail outlets in São Paulo, Brazil. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Volz Lopes
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Agronomy; Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão; Pelotas RS 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Mariza Landgraf
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580; São Paulo SP 05058-000 Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Destro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580; São Paulo SP 05058-000 Brazil
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Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genetic Diversity, and the Presence of Toxin Producing Genes in Campylobacter Isolates from Poultry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111400. [PMID: 29149023 PMCID: PMC5708039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined antibiotic susceptibility, genetic diversity, and characteristics of virulence genes in Campylobacter isolates from poultry. Chicken (n = 152) and duck (n = 154) samples were collected from 18 wet markets in Korea. Campylobacter spp. isolated from the carcasses were identified by PCR. The isolated colonies were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility to chloramphenicol, amikacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and enrofloxacin. The isolates were also used to analyze genetic diversity using the DiversiLabTM system and were tested for the presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 45 poultry samples out of 306 poultry samples (14.7%) and the average levels of Campylobacter contamination were 22.0 CFU/g and 366.1 CFU/g in chicken and duck samples, respectively. Moreover, more than 90% of the isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Genetic correlation analysis showed greater than 95% similarity between 84.4% of the isolates, and three cdt genes (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC) were present in 71.1% of Campylobacter isolates. These results indicate that Campylobacter contamination should be decreased to prevent and treat Campylobacter foodborne illness.
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Golubov A, Byeon B, Woycicki R, Inglis GD, Kovalchuk I. Transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Ristori CA, Rowlands REG, Martins CG, Barbosa ML, Dos Santos LF, Jakabi M, de Melo Franco BDG. Assessment of Consumer Exposure to Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Meat Products at Retail in the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:447-453. [PMID: 28475359 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat products may be vehicles of bacterial pathogens to humans, and Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are the most relevant. The aim of this study was to generate data on prevalence of these three pathogens in 552 samples of meat products (hot dogs, pork sausages, raw ground beef, and raw chicken legs) sold at retail in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Salmonella spp. was detected in 5.8% (32/552) of samples, comprising pork sausages 62.5% (20/32) and chicken legs 37.5% (12/32). The counts of Salmonella spp. were low, ranging from < 0.3 to 9.3 × 10 most probable number per gram and the most frequent serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (28.1%), Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- (15.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (12.5%), Salmonella Derby, and Salmonella Brandenburg (9.4%). Campylobacter spp. was detected in 33 samples (6.0%), comprising chicken legs (82%) and ground beef (18%). All samples were negative for STEC. These results suggest that meat products when subjected to inadequate cooking and/or cross-contamination with other products ready for consumption can lead to occurrence of outbreaks, highlighting the risks associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Luisa Barbosa
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Miyoko Jakabi
- 1 Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food Center Adolfo Lutz Institute , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Silva WC, Targino BN, Mendonça RS, Sant’Ana AS, Hungaro HM. Campylobacter: An overview of cases, occurrence in food, contamination sources, and antimicrobial resistance in Brazil. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1298125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willian Cruzeiro Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Brenda Neres Targino
- Department of Food Sciences, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson S. Sant’Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Moreira Hungaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Raeisi M, Khoshbakht R, Ghaemi EA, Bayani M, Hashemi M, Seyedghasemi NS, Shirzad-Aski H. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Associated Genes of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Raw Milk, Fish, Poultry, and Red Meat. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:925-933. [PMID: 28177853 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed and conducted to evaluate the frequency, antimicrobial resistance, and presence of six virulence-associated genes among thermophilic Campylobacters isolated from raw milk, poultry (chicken, turkey, and duck), fish, cattle, and sheep meat. Out of 590 samples, which were recovered from different origins, 141 (23.9%) samples were positive for Campylobacters. Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 40.8% (106/260), 14% (28/200), and 8.7% (7/80) of poultry meat, red meat, and milk samples, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated a high frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid among the isolates. Furthermore, prevalence of waaC, ciaB, and pldA genes were 91.7%, 86.7%, and 80.8%, respectively; and, none of the isolates harbored both wlaN and cgtB genes, simultaneously. Moreover, there was a weak correlation between antibiotics resistance and presence of the pathogen genes. However, the existence of Campylobacter spp. isolates in food animal products, with high resistance to antibiotics and several virulence gene possessions, is alarming and increases the attention to the widespread use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Raeisi
- 1 Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran .,2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Rahem Khoshbakht
- 3 Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies , Amol, Iran
| | - Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
- 1 Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahsan Bayani
- 4 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University , Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- 5 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski
- 1 Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences , Gorgan, Iran
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Nwankwo IO, Faleke OO, Salihu MD, Magaji AA, Musa U, Garba J, Ibitoye EB. Detection and viability of Campylobacter species isolates from different species of poultry and humans in Sokoto State, Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2016.19-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Fonseca BB, Ferreira Júnior A, Santos JPD, Coelho LR, Rossi DA, Melo RT, Mendonça EP, Araújo TG, Alves RN, Beletti ME. Campylobacter Jejuni Increases Transcribed Il-1 B and Causes Morphometric Changes in the Ileal Enterocytes of Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1801063-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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