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Silva EMC, Marques ICL, de Mello VVC, Amaral RBD, Gonçalves LR, Braga MDSCO, Ribeiro LSDS, Machado RZ, André MR, Neta AVDC. Molecular and serological detection of Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants in an area of Cerrado Biome in northeastern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102254. [PMID: 37989016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasmosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, is an important tick-borne disease that causes economic losses to livestock farms in many countries. Even though Anaplasma spp. have been detected in goats and sheep worldwide, few studies investigate the occurrence and genetic identity of these agents in small ruminants from Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to detect and determine the genetic identity of Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants from the Baixo Parnaíba region, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 161 animals (91 goats; 70 sheep) from 4 municipalities in the Baixo Parnaíba region. Sheep and goat serum samples were subjected to recombinant membrane surface protein (MSP5)-based iELISA. Whole blood samples were subject to DNA extraction and molecular diagnosis using PCR assays for Anaplasma spp. targeting msp1β, msp1α, 16S rRNA and msp4 genes. Positive samples were sequenced and then subjected to Anaplasma marginale msp1α genetic diversity analysis and phylogenetic inferences based on the 16S rRNA and msp4 genes. The serological survey detected the presence of anti-A. marginale IgG antibodies in 18 animals (11.1%): 2.9% (2/70) sheep and 17.4% (16/91) goats. Anaplasma marginale DNA was detected in 2 goats (1.2%) using qPCR based on the msp1β gene. Two distinct A. marginale msp1α strains, namely α β and α β ΓγΓγΓγΓγ were found in the infected goats, each one found in a different animal, both belonging to the H genotype. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed the sequences positioned in three different clades and grouped with sequences from 'Candidatus Anaplasma boleense', A. platys and A. marginale. Phylogenetic inferences based on the msp4 gene positioned the sequence variants in the A. marginale clade. The present work represents the first molecular detection of sequence variants phylogenetic associated to 'Candidatus Anaplasma boleense' and A. platys and α β and α β ΓγΓγΓγΓγ in goats from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellainy Maria Conceição Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhã (UEMA), Av. Oeste Externa, 2220, São Cristovão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Carolinne Lopes Marques
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhã (UEMA), Av. Oeste Externa, 2220, São Cristovão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Victória Valente Califre de Mello
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Graduate Program in Agricultural Microbiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alcina Vieira de Carvalho Neta
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Maranhã (UEMA), Av. Oeste Externa, 2220, São Cristovão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Aziz MN, Irfan M, Parveen A, Asif M, Ijaz M, Mumtaz S, Ozubek S, Aktas M, Iqbal RK, Iqbal F. Prevalence, epidemiology, seasonality, and phylogeny of Anaplasma marginale in blood samples of goats collected from Punjab, Pakistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:74. [PMID: 35075555 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Pakistan, a major constrain to goat farming is the tick and tick-borne diseases that results in financial losses to livestock farmers. This study was conducted to report the molecular prevalence of Anaplasma (A.) marginale in goat blood samples collected during four seasons from Khanewal district in Punjab (Pakistan). METHODS AND RESULTS The mps1 gene of A. marginale was targeted in 900 blood samples that were collected on seasonal basis (n = 225 per season) and 6.6% (61/900) goats were found positive with A. marginale. Anaplasma marginale positive PCR products were sequenced and submitted to the GenBank. Prevalence of A. marginale varied with sampling season (P = 0.002) and it was highest in the summer (11.5%) followed by the autumn (7.6%), spring (5.3%), and winter seasons (2.7%) respectively. Anaplasma marginale prevalence varied significantly between goat breeds during the autumn (p = 0.01) and summer seasons (p = 0.02). Goats more than 2 years old and livestock farms where only goats were kept and dogs were associated with herds were risk factors for ovine anaplasmosis during different seasons. White and red blood cell counts and parameters associated with their counts were affected in A. marginale infected goats while studied serum parameters remained unaffected. CONCLUSION PCR is a reliable tool for the detection of A. marginale in goat blood samples. A relatively low prevalence of A. marginale in goats of Khanewal district was observed and the parasite prevalence in goats was higher in the summer (May until September) and autumn (October and November) seasons. Control measures are required to prevent tick-borne diseases in ruminants from Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed Aziz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Asia Parveen
- Zoology Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ijaz
- Zoology Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mumtaz
- Zoology Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sezayi Ozubek
- Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Munir Aktas
- Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Rana Khalid Iqbal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Zoology Division, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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Barbosa IC, André MR, Amaral RBD, Valente JDM, Vasconcelos PC, Oliveira CJB, Jusi MMG, Machado RZ, Vieira TSWJ, Ueti MW, Vieira RFC. Anaplasma marginale in goats from a multispecies grazing system in northeastern Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101592. [PMID: 33099171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne α-proteobacterium that causes significant economic losses for the cattle industry worldwide, has been increasingly detected in other animal species. This agent has been previously detected in buffaloes and goats co-grazed with cattle in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of A. marginale in a multispecies (goats, sheep and cattle) grazing farm in the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. A total of 119 goats, 71 sheep, and five cattle were evaluated. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the farm owner addressing age, gender, and presence of ticks. Serum samples from goat, sheep and cattle were tested for anti-Anaplasma marginale antibodies by a commercial MSP5-based on indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). EDTA-blood samples were screened for A. marginale- and A. ovis-infection by PCR using primers targeting Anaplasma spp. msp4 gene. Sequencing of the repeat region of the msp1α gene was used for genotyping A. marginale strains found in the present study. A total of 47/119 (39.5 %, 95 % CI: 31.1-48.4 %) goats and 2/71 (3%, 95 % CI: 0.7-9.7 %) sheep were seroreactive for A. marginale rMSP5 by the commercial iELISA. All cattle were seronegative for A. marginale. Anaplasma spp. msp4 PCR results revealed that two out of 119 (1.7 %; 95 % CI: 0.4-5.9 %) goats tested positive and all sheep and cattle samples were negative. It was not possible to sequence one sample. Therefore, the other sequencing sample found tandem repeats of A. marginale msp1α gene demonstrating that goat was infected with the genotype F/91. Rhipicephalus microplus ticks were found parasitizing goats but not on sheep or cattle. Considering that in Brazil A. marginale genotype F/91 and the MSP1a tandem repeat F has only been detected in goats so far, we hypothesized that this genotype may be related to goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago C Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos R André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Jessica D M Valente
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Priscylla C Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Celso J B Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil; Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Rosangela Z Machado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Thállitha S W J Vieira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Massaro W Ueti
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rafael F C Vieira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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da Silva NB, Taus NS, Johnson WC, Mira A, Schnittger L, Valente JDM, Vidotto O, Masterson HE, Vieira TSWJ, Ueti MW, Vieira RFC. First report of Anaplasma marginale infection in goats, Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202140. [PMID: 30102734 PMCID: PMC6089441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale, the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, is a tick-borne bacterium that causes significant economic losses for cattle industries and is increasingly being detected in other animal species. Rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector of this bacterium and may be found parasitizing small ruminants. In northeastern Brazil, multispecies grazing is a common family subsistence practice on smallholder farms possibly facilitating interspecies transmission of pathogens. Considering that A. marginale infection has been previously molecularly described in sheep, this study has aimed to estimate the prevalence of A. marginale and factors associated with the infection in goats from northeastern Brazil. A total of 403 goat blood samples were included in the study. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each farm owner addressing age, gender, presence of ticks and multispecies grazing. All samples were screened for A. marginale- and A. ovis-infection using primers targeting the Anaplasma spp. msp4 gene. The identity of A. marginale in the blood was confirmed by PCR amplification of msp5 followed by sequencing. Anaplasma spp. were differentiated by sequencing of the repeat region of the msp1α gene. For the statistical analysis the Chi-square or the Fisher’s exact test was used to verify association of the individual factors (age, gender, presence of ticks, and multispecies grazing) with Anaplasma spp. infection. We report the first molecular detection of A. marginale in goats from northeastern Brazil, based on msp1α, msp4 and msp5 gene sequencing analysis. Sequencing of the detected A. marginale msp1α gene revealed the F repeat. Amblyomma parvum and R. microplus were found feeding on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara B. da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Naomi S. Taus
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wendell C. Johnson
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anabela Mira
- Institute of Pathobiology, Center of Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, INTA-Castelar, Argentina
| | - Leonhard Schnittger
- Institute of Pathobiology, Center of Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, INTA-Castelar, Argentina
| | - Jessica D. M. Valente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Odilon Vidotto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hayley E. Masterson
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Massaro W. Ueti
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MWU); (RFCV)
| | - Rafael F. C. Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MWU); (RFCV)
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Garcia MV, Andreotti R, Reis FA, Aguirre ADAR, Barros JC, Matias J, Koller WW. Contributions of the hair sheep breed Santa Ines as a maintenance host for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:515. [PMID: 25404176 PMCID: PMC4243285 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair sheep breeds are a new, cost-effective option for the diversification of livestock in the Midwest region of Brazil. They are grazed extensively with cattle as well as in isolation in small areas. Hair sheep breeds are vulnerable to infestation by parasites such as the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, which causes various types of damage and can transmit diseases. Methods In this study, Santa Inês hair sheep were naturally infested in an area contaminated by infested cattle and then monitored to determine the ability of these animals to maintain the local tick population in the absence of cattle. After engorged tick females of each generation fell off, the animals were placed in another pasture and were returned only after larvae reappeared in the original pasture. Results Tick counts were performed every ten days for three generations of sheep, and average infestations per animal of 34, 12 and 4 ticks were observed for each successive generation. These numbers suggest the acquisition of resistance; however, additional studies are needed to ensure resistance is achieved. The average length of the parasitic phase for each generation of ticks was 25 days. Conclusion We concluded that this hair sheep breed, even if kept separate from cattle, is able to maintain tick populations for at least three generations, although a gradual decrease in the population levels of R. microplus over three generations was observed. We also detected two positive cases of Anaplasma spp. Therefore, it appears that the Santa Inês hair sheep breed contributes to the circulation of this bacterium among other ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre
- Graduate Program of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Jaqueline Matias
- Graduate Program of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Santos HA, Thomé SMG, Baldani CD, Silva CB, Peixoto MP, Pires MS, Vitari GLV, Costa RL, Santos TM, Angelo IC, Santos LA, Faccini JLH, Massard CL. Molecular epidemiology of the emerging zoonosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) in dogs and ixodid ticks in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:348. [PMID: 24330631 PMCID: PMC3874603 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen of humans, dogs and other animals, and it is transmitted by ixodid ticks. The objective of the current study was a) detect A. phagocytophilum in dogs and ixodid ticks using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR); and b) Determine important variables associated to host, environment and potential tick vectors that are related to the presence of A. phagocytophilum in dogs domiciled in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS We tested blood samples from 398 dogs and samples from 235 ticks, including 194 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, 15 Amblyomma cajennense, 8 Amblyomma ovale and 18 pools of Amblyomma sp. nymphs. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied by interviewing each dog owner. Deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from ticks and dog buffy coat samples were amplified by qPCR (msp2 gene). The sequencing of 16S rRNA and groESL heat shock operon genes and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The multiple logistic regression model was created as a function of testing positive dogs for A. phagocytophilum. RESULTS Among the 398 blood samples from dogs, 6.03% were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in one A. cajennense female tick and in five R. sanguineus sensu lato ticks (four males and one female). The partial sequences of the 16S rRNA, and groESL genes obtained were highly similar to strains of A. phagocytophilum isolated from wild birds from Brazil and human pathogenic strains. The tick species collected in positive dogs were R. sanguineus sensu lato and A. cajennense, with A.cajennense being predominant. Tick infestation history (OR = 2.86, CI = 1.98-14.87), dog size (OR = 2.41, IC: 1.51-12.67), the access to forest areas (OR = 3:51, CI: 1.52-16.32), hygiene conditions of the environment in which the dogs lived (OR = 4.35, CI: 1.86-18.63) and Amblyomma sp. infestation (OR = 6.12; CI: 2.11-28.15) were associated with A. phagocytophilum infection in dogs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks from Brazil. The detection of A. phagocitophylum in A. cajennense, an aggressive feeder on a wide variety of hosts, including humans, is considered a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarrisson A Santos
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra MG Thomé
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane D Baldani
- Medicine and Surgery Veterinary Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Silva
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maristela P Peixoto
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus S Pires
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela LV Vitari
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata L Costa
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Santos
- Zootechny Department, ITCA-UFMT, Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, Brazil
| | - Isabele C Angelo
- Parasitology Department, ICB-UFMG, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - João LH Faccini
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Massard
- Animal Parasitology Department, IV-UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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