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Sandhya D, Jogam P, Manokari M, Shekhawat MS, Jadaun JS, Allini VR, Abbagani S. High-frequency in vitro propagation and assessment of genetic uniformity and micro-morphological characterization of Origanum majorana L. –A highly traded aromatic herb. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Achimón F, Brito VD, Pizzolitto RP, Ramirez Sanchez A, Gómez EA, Zygadlo JA. Chemical composition and antifungal properties of commercial essential oils against the maize phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 53:292-303. [PMID: 33546971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of Curcuma longa, Pimenta dioica, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils (EOs) and their antifungal and anti-conidiogenic activity against Fusarium verticillioides. The chemical profile of the EOs was determined by GC/MS. The antifungal and anti-conidiogenic activities were evaluated by the agar dilution method. The tested concentrations were 1000ppm, 500ppm, 250ppm and 125ppm. S. aromaticum EO exhibited the highest antifungal effect, followed by P. dioica and to a lesser extent C. longa. The major compounds of these EOs were eugenol (88.70% in S. aromaticum and 16.70% in P. dioica), methyl eugenol (53.09% in P. dioica), and α-turmerone (44.70%), β-turmerone (20.67%), and Ar-turmerone (17.27%) in C. longa. Rosmarinus officinalis poorly inhibited fungal growth; however, it was the only EO that inhibited conidial production, with its major components being 1,8-cineole (53.48%), α-pinene (15.65%), and (-)-camphor (9.57%). Our results showed that some compounds are capable of decreasing mycelial growth without affecting sporulation, and vice versa. However, not all the compounds of an EO are responsible for its bioactivity. In the present work, we were able to identify different major compounds or mixtures of major compounds that were responsible for antifungal and anti-conidiogenic effects. Further experiments combining these pure components are necessary in order to achieve a highly bioactive natural formulation against the phytopathogenic fungus F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Achimón
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vanessa D Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina P Pizzolitto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | | | - Elisa A Gómez
- Instituto de Innovación en Biotecnología e Industria (IIBI), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Julio A Zygadlo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
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Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Saffarian Z. Anti-fungal activity of some native essential oils against emerging multi-drug resistant human nondermatophytic moulds. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhu B, Dong Y, Ma J, Chen M, Ruan S, Zhao W, Feng J. The synthesis and activity evaluation of N‐acylated analogs of echinocandin B with improved solubility and lower toxicity. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3278. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
| | | | - Jie Ma
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Minwei Chen
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Sida Ruan
- State Key Lab of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- State Key Lab of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai China
| | - Jun Feng
- State Key Lab of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Shanghai China
- Shanghai Duomirui Biotechnology Ltd. Shanghai China
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Knežević A, Stajić M, Sofrenić I, Stanojković T, Milovanović I, Tešević V, Vukojević J. Antioxidative, antifungal, cytotoxic and antineurodegenerative activity of selected Trametes species from Serbia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203064. [PMID: 30169542 PMCID: PMC6118373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a last few decades mushrooms are increasingly attracting attention as functional food and sources of biologically active compounds. Several Trametes species have been used for centuries in traditional medicine of East Asia cultures, but only T. versicolor was studied sufficiently while there are less substantial data about medicinal properties of other species. Trametes versicolor, T. hirsuta and T. gibbosa were the species tested for biological activities. Antifungal potentials of extracts were assessed for clinical strains of selected Candida and Aspergillus species. ABTS and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant capacities of studied extracts. Cytotoxic activity was determined against human cervix and lung adenocarcinoma and colon carcinoma cell lines. Antineurodegenerative activity was assessed by determining the rate of acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase activity. The presence of metabolites in extracts of mycelia and basidiocarps of studied Trametes species was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Studied extracts showed low antifungal potential in comparison with ketoconazole. Basidiocarp extracts were more effective ABTS+ scavengers and Fe2+ reducers than mycelium ones but less effective in comparison with L-ascorbic acid. Results showed that mycelium extracts had stronger cytotoxic effects against three cancer cell lines than basidiocarp ones, and that cervix adenocarcinoma cells were the most sensitive to the extracts and commercial cytostatics. T. versicolor mycelium extract was the most effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase activity but double weaker than galantamine, and T. gibbosa mycelium extract was significantly better inhibitor of tyrosinase activity than kojic acid for 40.9%. Chemical analysis indicated strong synergistic action of triterpenes, sugars and polyphenols in applied assays. The results suggest that tested Trametes species have significant medicinal potentials which could be attributed to antioxidative and cytotoxic activity. Additionally both, basidiocarps and mycelia extracts can strongly inhibit activity of acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Knežević
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Biology, Takovska, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mirjana Stajić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Biology, Takovska, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Sofrenić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Milovanović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Biology, Takovska, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukojević
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Biology, Takovska, Belgrade, Serbia
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Grande-Tovar CD, Chaves-Lopez C, Serio A, Rossi C, Paparella A. Chitosan coatings enriched with essential oils: Effects on fungi involved in fruit decay and mechanisms of action. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Belewa V, Baijnath H, Frost C, Somai BM. Tulbaghia violacea Harv. plant extract affects cell wall synthesis in Aspergillus flavus. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:921-931. [PMID: 28132403 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the effect that aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. harbouring plant saponins, phenolics and tannins have on Aspergillus flavus β-(1,3) glucan and chitin synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Aspergillus flavus was treated with various subinhibitory concentrations of an aqueous T. violacea plant extract and the β-(1,3) glucan and chitin content was determined together with glucan synthase and chitin synthase production respectively. CONCLUSIONS The aqueous extract caused a significant decline (P < 0·05) in β-glucan production in A. flavus in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the untreated sample. Further investigations showed a decrease in β-glucan synthase production as the concentration of the plant extract was increased. A significant reduction in total chitin content corresponding to a decrease in chitin synthase production in the presence of the plant extract was also found. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The broad spectrum activity and the efficacy of aqueous T. violacea plant extract on both β-glucan and chitin synthesis may limit the potential of the fungus developing resistance towards it and therefore the extract is an ideal candidate for use as a potential antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Belewa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - H Baijnath
- Ward Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - C Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - B M Somai
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Waller SB, Madrid IM, Silva AL, Dias de Castro LL, Cleff MB, Ferraz V, Meireles MCA, Zanette R, de Mello JRB. In Vitro Susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis to Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:857-863. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Waller S, Madrid I, Cleff M, Santin R, Freitag R, Meireles M, Mello J. Effects of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. and Origanum vulgare Linn. from different origins on Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii complex. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) are known to have antimicrobial properties, but studies on sporotrichosis are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix spp. activity of essential oils from commercial products and oils extracted from aerial parts of these plants and analyze their chemical constituents. S. schenckii complex and S. brasiliensis (n: 25) isolated from humans, cats, dogs, and environmental soil were tested through M27-A3 guidelines of CLSI with modification for phytotherapics. The essential oils of R. officinalis L. were similar for MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL for extracted oil; and 4.5mg/mL and 9mg/mL, respectively, for commercial oil. Both products showed MIC90 of 18mg/mL and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. In O. vulgare L., the extracted oil had better activity with MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL, and MIC90 and MFC90 of 4.5mg/mL, whereas the commercial oil showed MIC50 and MFC50 of 9mg/mL and MIC90 18mg/mL, respectively, and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. Through gas chromatography (CG/FID), thymol and α-terpinene were majority for extracted oil of O. vulgare L., and carvacrol and γ-terpinene made up the majority of the commercial oil. Both essential oils of R. officinalis L. showed 1,8-cineole and α-pinene as major. The fungal isolates were susceptible to all tested essential oils, including in itraconazole-resistant S. brasiliensis isolates. The extracted and commercial oils of the plants presented in vitro anti-Sporothrix spp. activity, and they are promising for treatment of sporotrichosis, including in cases refractory to itraconazole. More studies should be performed about toxicity and in vivo efficacy for its safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R. Santin
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Brazil
| | | | | | - J.R.B. Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Waller SB, Madrid IM, Ferraz V, Picoli T, Cleff MB, de Faria RO, Meireles MCA, de Mello JRB. Cytotoxicity and anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity of the Origanum majorana Linn. oil. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:896-901. [PMID: 27515466 PMCID: PMC5052358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of the essential oil of Origanum majorana Linn. (marjoram), its chemical analysis, and its cytotoxic activity. A total of 18 fungal isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis (n: 17) from humans, dogs and cats, and a standard strain of Sporothrix schenckii (n: 1) were tested using the broth microdilution technique (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute – CLSI M27-A3) and the results were expressed in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). The MIC50 and MIC90 of itraconazole against S. brasiliensis were 2 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50 and MFC90 were 2 μg/mL and >16 μg/mL, respectively, with three S. brasiliensis isolates resistant to antifungal. S. schenckii was sensitive at MIC of 1 μg/mL and MFC of 8 μg/mL. For the oil of O. majorana L., all isolates were susceptible to MIC of ≤2.25–9 mg/mL and MFC of ≤2.25–18 mg/mL. The MIC50 and MIC90 were ≤2.25 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively, and the MFC50/90 values were twice more than the MIC. Twenty-two compounds were identified by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (CG-FID) and 1,8-cineole and 4-terpineol were the majority. Through the colorimetric (MTT) assay, the toxicity was observed in 70–80% of VERO cells between 0.078 and 5 mg/mL. For the first time, the study demonstrated the satisfactory in vitro anti-Sporothrix sp. activity of marjoram oil and further studies are needed to ensure its safe and effective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Martins Madrid
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), Prefeitura Municipal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanny Ferraz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Laboratório de Cromatografia, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tony Picoli
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Faculdade de Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Departamento de Clínicas Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Osório de Faria
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Faculdade de Veterinária, Pelotas, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário Carlos Araújo Meireles
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Faculdade de Veterinária, Pelotas, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, RS, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Braga de Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Farmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Waller SB, Madrid IM, Faria ROD, Cleff MB, Mello JRBD, Meireles MCA. Anti- Sporothrix spp. activity of medicinal plants. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cases of sporotrichosis in humans and animals without satisfactory clinical response have increased, a warning sign of strains resistant to conventional antifungal agents. The urgent search for alternative therapies was an incentive for research on medicinal plants with anti-Sporothrix spp. properties. A bibliographic survey was performed based on scientific papers about in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of essential oils and extracts of plants in differents solvents against the fungal of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. The study methodology consisted of a literature review in Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, Bireme and Springer link with papers from 1986 to 2015. We found 141 species of plants that were investigated, of which 100 species were concentrated in 39 botanical families that had confirmed anti-Sporothrix activity. Combretaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae represented the botanical families with the greatest number of plants species with antifungal potential, using different methodologies. However, there are few studies with medicinal plants in experimental infection in animals that prove their activity in the treatment of sporotrichosis. It reinforces the need for further research related to standardization of in vitro methodologies and in vivo studies related to safety and to toxicity potential of these plants with anti-Sporothrix spp. activity.
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Rajkowska K, Nowak A, Kunicka-Styczyńska A, Siadura A. Biological effects of various chemically characterized essential oils: investigation of the mode of action against Candida albicans and HeLa cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils of different chemical compositions show a specificity in amplitude but not in the mode of biological action againstCandida albicansand HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rajkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences
- Lodz University of Technology
- 90-924 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences
- Lodz University of Technology
- 90-924 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences
- Lodz University of Technology
- 90-924 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Anna Siadura
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences
- Lodz University of Technology
- 90-924 Lodz
- Poland
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Cold-pressed oregano (Origanum vulgare) oil: a rich source of bioactive lipids with novel antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cordova-Albores LC, Zapotitla ES, Ríos MY, Barrera-Necha LL, Hernández-López M, Bautista-Baños S. Microscopic study of the morphology and metabolic activity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli treated with Jatropha curcas oil and derivatives. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 4:28-35. [PMID: 30023207 PMCID: PMC6014239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli is one of the main pathogenic microorganisms of the ornamental genus Gladiolus. The attack of this microorganism includes corms and different plant phenological stages. In this study, different microscopic techniques and fluorochromes were used to evaluate the effect of J. curcas oil and acylglycerides, namely trilinolein, triolein, monomyristin and dimyristin, on the morphology, membrane integrity (%), viability (%) and germination (%) of F. oxsporum f sp. gladioli. Phase-contrast optical photomicrographs and scanning microscopy showed that J. curcas oil and the triglycerides triolein and trilinolein caused the formation of numerous vacuoles, alterations in the morphology of the outer covering of the mycelium and conidia, and inhibition of membrane activity in the fungus during 24 h of incubation. The fluorochromes used detected no permanent damage to the viability of the conidia. The high germination percentage of the conidia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli indicates that the damage caused by the application of the treatments was fungistatic rather than fungicidal and did not cause cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Cordova-Albores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Km. 6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, Col. San Isidro, CEPROBI 8, Yautepec, Morelos. C.P. 62731 México
| | - E Sandoval Zapotitla
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria. C.P. 04510 México
| | - M Y Ríos
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - L L Barrera-Necha
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Km. 6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, Col. San Isidro, CEPROBI 8, Yautepec, Morelos. C.P. 62731 México
| | - M Hernández-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Km. 6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, Col. San Isidro, CEPROBI 8, Yautepec, Morelos. C.P. 62731 México
| | - S Bautista-Baños
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos. Km. 6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla, Col. San Isidro, CEPROBI 8, Yautepec, Morelos. C.P. 62731 México
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Pereira FDO, Mendes JM, Lima IO, Mota KSDL, Oliveira WAD, Lima EDO. Antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol, two monoterpenes alcohols, against Trichophyton rubrum involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:228-234. [PMID: 25414073 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.913299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trichophyton rubrum is the most common fungus causing chronic dermatophytosis in humans. Antifungal activity of promising agents is of great interest. Geraniol and citronellol are monoterpenes with antimicrobial properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and possible mechanism of antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol against strains of T. rubrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each drug against 14 strains was determined by broth microdilution. The effects of the drugs on dry mycelial weight, conidial germination, infectivity on human nail fragments, and morphogenesis of T. rubrum were analyzed. The effects on the cell wall (test with sorbitol) and cell membrane (release of intracellular material and ergosterol biosynthesis) were investigated. RESULTS MIC values of geraniol ranged between 16 and 256 µg/mL while citronellol showed MIC values from 8 to 1024 µg/mL. The drugs (MIC and 2 × MIC) inhibited the mycelial growth, conidia germination, and fungal growth on nail fragments. The drugs (half of MIC) induced the formation of wide, short, and crooked hyphae in T. rubrum morphology. With sorbitol, geraniol MIC was increased by 64-fold and citronellol by 32-fold. The drugs caused leakage of intracellular material and inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis. DISCUSSION The results suggest that the drugs damage cell wall and cell membrane of T. rubrum through a mechanism that seems to involve the inhibition of the ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSION This study confirms that geraniol and citronellol can be regarded as potential drugs for controlling T. rubrum growth, with great potential against agents of dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Unidade Acadêmica de Saúde, Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande , Cuité , Brasil and
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