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Yenigün S, Başar Y, İpek Y, Behçet L, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. Determination of antioxidant, DNA protection, enzyme inhibition potential and molecular docking studies of a biomarker ursolic acid in Nepeta species. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5799-5816. [PMID: 37394807 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2229440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), which has many biological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and regulates some pharmacological processes, has been isolated from the flowers, leaves, berries and fruits of many plant species. In this work, UA was purified from the methanol-chloroform crude extract of Nepeta species (N. aristata, N. baytopii, N. italica, N. trachonitica, N. stenantha) using a silica gel column with chloroform or ethyl acetate solvents via bioactivity-guided isolation. The most active sub-fractions were determined under bioactivities using antioxidant and DNA protection activities and enzyme inhibitions. UA was purified from these fractions and its structure was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy techniques. The highest amount of UA was found in N. stenantha (8.53 mg UA/g), while the lowest amount of UA was found in N. trachonitica (1.92 mg UA/g). The bioactivities of UA were evaluated with antioxidant and DNA protection activities, enzyme inhibitions, kinetics and interactions. The inhibition values (IC50) of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, urease, CA, tyrosinase, lipase, AChE, and BChE were determined between 5.08 and 181.96 µM. In contrast, Ki values of enzyme inhibition kinetics were observed between 0.04 and 0.20 mM. In addition, Ki values of these enzymes for enzyme-UA interactions were calculated as 0.38, 0.86, 0.45, 1.01, 0.23, 0.41, 0.01 and 2.24 µM, respectively. It is supported that UA can be widely used as a good antioxidant against oxidative damage, an effective DNA protector against genetic diseases, and a suitable inhibitor for metabolizing enzymes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Yenigün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yunus Başar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Yaşar İpek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Lütfi Behçet
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Özen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Demirtaş
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Pereira CFDA, Melo MNDO, de Campos VEB, Pereira IP, Oliveira AP, Rocha MS, Batista JVDC, Paes de Almeida V, Monchak IT, Ricci-Júnior E, Garrett R, Carvalho AGA, Manfron J, Baumgartner S, Holandino C. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Using Lipophilic Extract of Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5953-5972. [PMID: 38895147 PMCID: PMC11185262 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s464508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Natural products are potential sources of anticancer components. Among various species, the lipophilic extract of the Viscum album subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollm. (VALE) has shown promising therapeutic potential. The present work aimed to qualify the plant source and characterize the extract's chemical profile. In addition, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing VALE (SNEDDS-VALE) was developed. Methods V. album subsp. austriacum histochemistry was performed, and the chemical profile of VALE was analyzed by GC-MS. After the SNEEDS-VALE development, its morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while its stability was evaluated by the average droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI) and pH. Lastly, SNEDDS-VALE chemical stability was evaluated by LC-DAD-MS. Results The histochemical analysis showed the presence of lipophilic compounds in the leaves and stems. The major compound in the VALE was oleanolic acid, followed by lupeol acetate and ursolic acid. SNEDDS was composed of medium chain triglyceride and Kolliphor® RH 40 (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil). A homogeneous, isotropic and stable nanoemulsion was obtained, with an average size of 36.87 ± 1.04 nm and PdI of 0.14 ± 0.02, for 14 weeks. Conclusion This is the first histochemistry analysis of V. album subsp. austriacum growing on Pinus sylvestris L. which provided detailed information regarding its lipophilic compounds. A homogeneous, isotropic and stable SNEDDS-VALE was obtained to improve the low water solubility of VALE. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments should be performed, in order to evaluate the antitumoral potential of SNEDDS-VALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Faria de Amorim Pereira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Nonato de Oliveira Melo
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ivania Paiva Pereira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Passos Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Vitor da Costa Batista
- Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Irailson Thierry Monchak
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Júnior
- Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jane Manfron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Holandino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Society for Cancer Research, Hiscia Institute, Arlesheim, Switzerland
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Farzan M, Farzan M, Shahrani M, Navabi SP, Vardanjani HR, Amini-Khoei H, Shabani S. Neuroprotective properties of Betulin, Betulinic acid, and Ursolic acid as triterpenoids derivatives: a comprehensive review of mechanistic studies. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:223-240. [PMID: 36821092 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2180865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are the main outcome of neurological disorders whose occurrence has risen over the past three decades. Although there are some pharmacologic approaches approved for managing neurological disorders, it remains largely ineffective. Hence, exploring novel nature-based nutraceuticals is a pressing need to alleviate the results of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Some triterpenoids and their derivates can be considered potential therapeutics against neurological disorders due to their neuroprotective and cognitive-improving effects. Betulin (B), betulinic acid (BA), and ursolic acid (UA) are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with a variety of biological activities, including antioxidative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the therapeutic efficacy and probable molecular mechanisms of triterpenoids in damage prevention to neurons and restoring cognition in neurodegenerative diseases. Considering few studies on this concept, the precise mechanisms that mediate the effect of these compounds in neurodegenerative disorders have remained unknown. The findings can provide sufficient information about the advantages of these compounds against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Farzan
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahour Farzan
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Shahrani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossien Rajabi Vardanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Singh A, Ansari VA, Mahmood T, Ahsan F, Wasim R, Maheshwari S, Shariq M, Parveen S, Shamim A. Emerging Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:687-696. [PMID: 37138478 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230501232815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a great choice for medical research, and the green synthesis approach is a novel and better way to synthesize nanoparticles. Biological sources are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and allow large-scale production of nanoparticles. Naturally obtained 3 β-hydroxy-urs- 12-en-28-oic acids reported for neuroprotective and dendritic structure are reported as solubility enhancers. Plants are free from toxic substances and act as natural capping agents. In this review, the pharmacological properties of ursolic acid (UA) and the structural properties of the dendritic structure are discussed. UA acid appears to have negligible toxicity and immunogenicity, as well as favorable biodistribution, according to the current study, and the dendritic structure improves drug solubility, prevents drug degradation, increases circulation time, and potentially targets by using different pathways with different routes of administration. Nanotechnology is a field in which materials are synthesized at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology could be the next frontier of humankind's technological advancement. Richard Feynman first used the term 'Nanotechnology' in his lecture, "There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom", on 29th December, 1959, and since then, interest has increased in the research on nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is capable of helping humanity by solving major challenges, particularly in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent type, which may account for 60-70% of cases. Other significant forms of dementia include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (abnormal protein aggregates that form inside nerve cells), and a number of illnesses that exacerbate frontotemporal dementia. Dementia is an acquired loss of cognition in several cognitive domains that are severe enough to interfere with social or professional functioning. However, dementia frequently co-occurs with other neuropathologies, typically AD with cerebrovascular dysfunction. Clinical presentations show that neurodegenerative diseases are often incurable because patients permanently lose some neurons. A growing body of research suggests that they also advance our knowledge of the processes that are probably crucial for maintaining the health and functionality of the brain. Serious neurological impairment and neuronal death are the main features of neurodegenerative illnesses, which are also extremely crippling ailments. The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders cause cognitive impairment and dementia, and as average life expectancy rises globally, their effects become more noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Vaseem Ahamad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Farogh Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Rufaida Wasim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Shubhrat Maheshwari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Rama University Mandhana, Bithoor Road, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-209217, India
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Saba Parveen
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, UP-226026, India
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Daga MA, Nicolau ST, Jurumenha-Barreto J, Lima LBS, Cabral IL, Pivotto AP, Stefanello A, Amorim JPA, Hoscheid J, Silva EA, Ayala TS, Menolli RA. Ursolic acid-rich extract presents trypanocidal action in vitro but worsens mice under experimental acute Chagas disease. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13005. [PMID: 37467029 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with only two drugs available for treatment and the plant Cecropia pachystachya has several compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate a supercritical extract from C. pachystachya leaves in vitro and in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi. A supercritical CO2 extraction was used to obtain the extract (CPE). Cytotoxicity and immunostimulation ability were evaluated in macrophages, and the in vitro trypanocidal activity was evaluated against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes forms. In vivo tests were done by infecting BALB/c mice with blood trypomastigotes forms and treating animals orally with CPE for 10 days. The parasitemia, survival rate, weight, cytokines and nitric oxide dosage were evaluated. CPE demonstrated an effect on the epi and trypomastigotes forms of the parasite (IC50 17.90 ± 1.2 μg/mL; LC50 26.73 ± 1.2 μg/mL) and no changes in macrophages viability, resulting in a selectivity index similar to the reference drug. CPE-treated animals had a worsening compared to non-treated, demonstrated by higher parasitemia and lower survival rate. This result was attributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of CPE, demonstrated by the higher IL-10 and IL-4 values observed in the treated mice compared to the control ones. CPE demonstrated a trypanocidal effect in vitro and a worsening in the in vivo infection due to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara A Daga
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Scheila T Nicolau
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Juliana Jurumenha-Barreto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Lucas B S Lima
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Isaac L Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pivotto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Amanda Stefanello
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - João P A Amorim
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Professional Master's Program in Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicine in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Edson A Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes and Separation, Center of Exact and Technological Sciences, Western Parana State University, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Thaís S Ayala
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Menolli
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, Brazil
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Qadir A, Ullah SNMN, Gupta DK, Khan N, Warsi MH, Kamal M. Combinatorial drug-loaded quality by design adapted transliposome gel formulation for dermal delivery: In vitro and dermatokinetic study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2839-2851. [PMID: 37309263 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid is a powerful drug that possesses many therapeutic properties, such as hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer, and anticancer activity. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Umbelliferae) contains a triterpene called asiatic acid, which has been used effectively in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine system for centuries. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties are only some of the many pharmacological actions previously attributed to asiatic acid . AIM The present work developed an optimized combinatorial drug-loaded nano-formulation by Quality by design approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimize transliposome for accentuated dermal delivery of dual drug. The optimization of drug-loaded transliposome was done using the "Box-Behnken design." The optimized formulation was characterized for vesicles size, entrapment efficiency (%), and in vitro drug release. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and dermatokinetic study were performed for further evaluation of drug-loaded optimized transliposome formulation. RESULTS The optimized combinatorial drug-loaded transliposome formulation showed a particle size of 86.36 ± 2.54 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.230 ± 0.008, and an entrapment efficiency of 87.43 ± 2.66% which depicted good entrapment efficiency. In vitro drug release of ursolic acid and asiatic acid transliposomes was found to be 85.12 ± 2.54% and 80.23 ± 3.23%, respectively, as compared to optimized ursolic acid and asiatic acid transliposome gel drug release that was 67.18 ± 2.85% and 60.28 ± 4.12%, respectively. The skin permeation study of ursolic and asiatic acid conventional formulation was only 32.48 ± 2.42%, compared with optimized combinatorial drug-loaded transliposome gel (79.83 ± 4.52%) at 12 h. After applying combinatorial drug-loaded transliposome gel, rhodamine was able to more easily cross rat skin, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in comparison with when the rhodamine control solution was used. DISCUSSION The UA_AA-TL gel formulation absorbed more ursolic acid and asiatic acid than the UA_AA-CF gel formulation, as per dermatokinetic study. Even after being incorporated into transliposome vesicles, the antioxidant effects of ursolic and asiatic acid were still detectable. In most cases, transliposomes vesicular systems generate depots in the skin's deeper layers and gradually release the medicine over time, allowing for fewer applications. CONCLUSION In overall our studies, it may be concluded that developed dual drug-loaded transliposomal formulation has great potential for effective topical drug delivery for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Research and Developments, Herbalfarm Lifecare Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dipak Kumar Gupta
- Department of Research and Developments, Herbalfarm Lifecare Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of pharmaceutical education and research, New Delhi, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Miatmoko A, Faradisa AA, Jauhari AA, Hariawan BS, Cahyani DM, Plumeriastuti H, Sari R, Hendradi E. The effectiveness of ursolic acid niosomes with chitosan coating for prevention of liver damage in mice induced by n-nitrosodiethylamine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21397. [PMID: 36496469 PMCID: PMC9741648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid which produces various effects, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, UA demonstrates poor water solubility and permeability. Niosomes have been reported to improve the bioavailability of low water-soluble drugs. This study aimed to investigate the protective action of UA-niosomes with chitosan layers against liver damage induced by N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). UA niosomes were prepared using a thin layer hydration method, with chitosan being added by vortexing the mixtures. For the induction of liver damage, the mice were administered NDEA intraperitoneally (25 mg/kgBW). They were given niosomes orally (11 mg UA/kgBW) seven and three days prior to NDEA induction and subsequently once a week with NDEA induction for four weeks. The results showed that chitosan layers increased the particle sizes, PDI, and ζ-potentials of UA niosomes. UA niosomes with chitosan coating reduced the SGOT and SGPT level. The histopathological evaluation of liver tissue showed an improvement with reduced bile duct inflammation and decreasing pleomorphism and enlargement of hepatocyte cell nuclei in UA niosomes with the chitosan coating treated group. It can be concluded that UA niosomes with chitosan coating improved the efficacy of preventive UA therapy in liver-damaged mice induced with NDEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andang Miatmoko
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia ,grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XStem Cell Research and Development Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Amelia Anneke Faradisa
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Achmad Aziz Jauhari
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XMaster Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Devy Maulidya Cahyani
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XMaster Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hani Plumeriastuti
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Retno Sari
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Esti Hendradi
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
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Pironi AM, Melero A, Eloy JO, Guillot AJ, Pini Santos K, Chorilli M. Solid dipersions included in poloxamer hydrogels have favorable rheological properties for topical application and enhance the in vivo antiinflammatory effect of ursolic acid. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oleanolic Acid: Extraction, Characterization and Biological Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030623. [PMID: 35276982 PMCID: PMC8838233 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, is receiving outstanding attention from the scientific community due to its biological activity against multiple diseases. Oleanolic acid is endowed with a wide range of biological activities with therapeutic potential by means of complex and multifactorial mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting that oleanolic acid might be effective against dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, through enhancing insulin response, preserving the functionality and survival of β-cells and protecting against diabetes complications. In addition, several other functions have been proposed, including antiviral, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activities, as well as interfering in several stages of the development of different types of cancer; however, due to its hydrophobic nature, oleanolic acid is almost insoluble in water, which has led to a number of approaches to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties. In this scenario, the present review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and the research progress made in the last years on the extraction and characterization of oleanolic acid and its biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Yu D, Kan Z, Shan F, Zang J, Zhou J. Triple Strategies to Improve Oral Bioavailability by Fabricating Coamorphous Forms of Ursolic Acid with Piperine: Enhancing Water-Solubility, Permeability, and Inhibiting Cytochrome P450 Isozymes. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4443-4462. [PMID: 32926628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a BCS IV drug, ursolic acid (UA) has low oral bioavailability mainly because of its poor aqueous solubility/dissolution, poor permeability, and metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, such as CYP3A4. Most UA preparations demonstrated a much higher dissolution than that of its crystalline form yet a low drug concentration in plasma due to their lower consideration or evaluation for the permeability and metabolism issues. In the current study, a supramolecular coamorphous system of UA with piperine (PIP) was prepared and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. In comparison to crystalline UA and UA in physical mixture, such coamorphous system enhanced solubility (5.3-7-fold in the physiological solution) and dissolution (7-8-fold in the physiological solution within 2 h) of UA and exhibited excellent physical stability under 90-day storage conditions. More importantly, the pharmacokinetic study of coamorphous UA in rats exhibited 5.8-fold and 2.47-fold improvement in AUC0-∞ value, respectively, compared with its free and mixed crystalline counterparts. In order to further explore the mechanism of such improvement, the molecular interactions of a coamorphous system in the solid state were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory modeling suggested that intermolecular hydrogen bonds with strong interactions newly formed between UA and PIP after coamorphization. The in vitro permeability studies across Caco-2 cell monolayer and metabolism studies by rat hepatic microsomes indicated that free PIP significantly increased the permeability of UA and inhibited the enzymatic metabolism of UA by CYP3A4. However, PIP in the coamorphous combination exhibited a much lower level in the bioenhancing than its free form arising from the synchronized dissolution characteristic of the preparation (only 60% of PIP released in comparison to its free counterpart in 2 h). The in situ loop study in rats proposed that the acid-sensitive dissolution in the stomach of the coamorphous preparation helped to improve the effective free drug concentration, thereby facilitating PIP to play its role in bioenhancing. The current study offers an exploratory strategy to overcome poor solubility/dissolution, poor permeability, and metabolism by cytochrome P450 isozymes of the BCS IV drug to improve its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zigui Kan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Fei Shan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jing Zang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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11
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5920. [PMID: 32824664 PMCID: PMC7460570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from medicinal plants, fruit, and vegetables. The pharmacological activities of ursolic acid have been extensively studied over the past few years and various reports have revealed that ursolic acid has multiple biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, etc. In terms of cancer treatment, ursolic acid interacts with a number of molecular targets that play an essential role in many cell signaling pathways. It suppresses transformation, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Although ursolic acid has many benefits, its therapeutic applications in clinical medicine are limited by its poor bioavailability and absorption. To overcome such disadvantages, researchers around the globe have designed and developed synthetic ursolic acid derivatives with enhanced therapeutic effects by structurally modifying the parent skeleton of ursolic acid. These structurally modified compounds display enhanced therapeutic effects when compared to ursolic acid. This present review summarizes various synthesized derivatives of ursolic acid with anti-cancer activity which were reported from 2015 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (V.K.); (O.O.O.)
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12
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Almeida Furquim de Camargo B, Soares Silva DE, Noronha da Silva A, Campos DL, Machado Ribeiro TR, Mieli MJ, Borges Teixeira Zanatta M, Bento da Silva P, Pavan FR, Gallina Moreira C, Resende FA, Menegário AA, Chorilli M, Vieira de Godoy Netto A, Bauab TM. New Silver(I) Coordination Compound Loaded into Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy to Improve In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2287-2298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anderson Noronha da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Júlia Mieli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogerio Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antônio Menegário
- Environmental Studies Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Zhang N, Liu S, Shi S, Chen Y, Xu F, Wei X, Xu Y. Solubilization and delivery of Ursolic-acid for modulating tumor microenvironment and regulatory T cell activities in cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 320:168-178. [PMID: 31926193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a potent triterpenoid compound found in plants and fruits with activities modulating key cell signaling pathways involving STATs, NF-κB, and TRAIL. But it's highly hydrophobic and very poorly soluble in nature. It had been prepared as nanocrystals, solid dispersion and loaded in nanoparticles but the achieved systemic exposure and circulation half-life were not ideal. We reported the development of UA-liposomes made by HPβCD assisted active loading. Compared to lipid suspensions of UA (Lipid-UA) with similar lipid composition, the novel process enabled the formation of UA-Ca crystalline structures inside the liposomes and therefore sustained release of UA in vivo. While the UA-liposomes were not generally toxic towards 4T1 triple negative breast cancer cells, they could effectively modulate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells from 4T1 tumor bearing mouse by inhibiting STAT5 phosphorylation and IL-10 secretion. In vivo administration of UA-liposomes at 10 mg/kg dose led to reduced numbers of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) residing in tumor tissues. These changes signified the correction of the tumor mediated immune-suppressive microenvironment. The UA-liposomes treatment alone was already effective in deterring tumor growth. Such a formulation may be highly promising as an immunotherapy agent and be combined with chemotherapeutics or targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shounan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanyuan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuetan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, China.
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Qiu L, Zhao X, Zu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Li Y. Ursolic acid nanoparticles for oral delivery prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method: characterization, in vitro evaluation of radical scavenging activity and bioavailability. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:610-621. [PMID: 30831030 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1573739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the purpose of improving the water solubility and oral bioavailability, ursolic acid nanoparticles (UANs) were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method, and the nanosuspension was freeze-dried into powder. The optimal conditions for preparing nanoparticles were screened out using single-factor experiment. Take advantage of the optimal conditions, UA nanoemulsion had mean particle size (MPS) of 69.7 ± 15.6 nm and polydispersity index value (PI) of 0.005. The MPS of UA nanosuspension was gained at 100.2 ± 12.1 nm (PI = 0.005), after the organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporator. Finally, UANs possessing an MPS of 157.5 ± 28.0 nm (PI = 0.005) and zeta potential of 20.33 ± 1.67 mV were obtained after freeze-dried. UANs were investigated using SEM, XRD, DSC, TGA and further explored their equilibrium solubility, dissolution rate, solvent residue analysis, cellular antioxidant activity and oral bioavailability. All the results above showed that UA in UANs was in the amorphous state. The result of solubility test figured that the equilibrium solubility of UANs was 13.48 times in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), 11.79 times in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and 23.99 times in deionized water than raw UA. Accordingly, the dissolution rate of UANs in SGF and SIF had an apparent enhancement. The oral bioavailability of UANs increased 2.68 times than raw UA. UANs improved antioxidant activity toward cells compared with raw UA, and EC50 of UANs reduced 37.5 times than raw UA. The residual contents of trichloromethane and ethanol were separated up to the mustard of the ICH limit for class III and class II solvents. The results above indicated that UANs possesses a value of application on enhancement oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yin Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- a Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
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15
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Jinhua W. Ursolic acid: Pharmacokinetics process in vitro and in vivo, a mini review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800222. [PMID: 30663087 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpene compound found in various fruits and vegetables. UA has a widespread pharmacologic effect, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-allergy, and anti-carcinogenic effects. UA can be used as an alternative medicine for the treatment and prevention of many diseases. However, the bioavailability of UA by oral administration is low since it is absorbed by the intestine through passive diffusion. Therefore, some novel technologies are used to produce UA preparations that can change the pharmacokinetics process and increase its solubility and bioavailability. At present, pharmacokinetic studies on UA are few. In this paper, we will review the pharmacokinetics features of free UA and some novel UA preparations in vitro and in vivo, in order to provide a reference for rational utilization and drug design of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jinhua
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Pironi AM, de Araújo PR, Fernandes MA, Salgado HRN, Chorilli M. Characteristics, Biological Properties and Analytical Methods of Ursolic Acid: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:86-93. [PMID: 29039968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1390425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid which is a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic approaches and for the prevention and treatment of several diseases owing to its pharmacological importance. However, its low solubility in aqueous medium affects its therapeutic application. Several strategies have been used to overcome this obstacle. In this study, the incorporation of UA in to different drug delivery systems was found to be highly efficient. In addition, important investigations were performed about methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of UA in various raw materials, including plants, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems, were investigated. Most recently high performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detectors, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis were used for this purpose. Thus, this review was performed to evaluate the biological effects of UA demonstrated thus far as well as the currently used, delivery systems and analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Maria Pironi
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Patricia Rocha de Araújo
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Mariza Aires Fernandes
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- a Departament of Drugs and Medicines , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brasil
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17
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Abriata JP, Eloy JO, Riul TB, Campos PM, Baruffi MD, Marchetti JM. Poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanoparticles enhance ursolic acid in vivo efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1196-1203. [PMID: 28531996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite affecting millions of people worldwide, Chagas disease is still neglected by the academia and industry and the therapeutic option available, benznidazole, presents limited efficacy and side effects. Within this context, ursolic acid may serve as an option for treatment, however has low bioavailability, which can be enhanced through the encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles. Therefore, herein we developed ursolic acid-loaded nanoparticles with poly-ε-caprolactone by the nanoprecipitation method and characterized them for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity, encapsulation efficiency, morphology by scanning electron microscopy and thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicated that an appropriate ratio of organic phase/aqueous phase and polymer/drug is necessary to produce smaller particles, with low polydispersity, negative zeta potential and high drug encapsulation efficiency. In vitro studies indicated the safety of the formulation against fibroblast culture and its efficacy in killing T. cruzi. Very importantly, the in vivo study revealed that the ursolic acid-loaded nanoparticle is as potent as the benznidazole group to control parasitemia, which could be attributed to improved bioavailability of the encapsulated drug. Finally, the toxicity evaluation showed that while benznidazole group caused liver toxicity, the nanoparticles were safe, indicating that this formulation is promising for future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Palma Abriata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita Bachelli Riul
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Dias Baruffi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Cargnin ST, Gnoatto SB. Ursolic acid from apple pomace and traditional plants: A valuable triterpenoid with functional properties. Food Chem 2017; 220:477-489. [PMID: 27855928 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apple juice production generates a large amount of residue comprising mainly peels, seeds, and pulp, known as apple pomace. In the global context, Brazil ranks 11th in apple production and thousands of tons of apple pomace are produced every year. This by-product is little explored, since it is a rich and heterogeneous mixture, containing interesting phytochemical groups. Among them, ursolic acid (UA) has attracted attention because of its therapeutic potential. UA is a pentacyclic triterpene found too in several traditional plants, and has shown several functional properties such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. Therefore, this review attempts to shed some light on the economical viability of apple and apple pomace as sources of bioactive compounds, highlighting the UA extraction, and its main functional properties published in the last 5years (2010-2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tasca Cargnin
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Simone Baggio Gnoatto
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Dissolution and dissolution/permeation experiments for predicting systemic exposure following oral administration of the BCS class II drug clarithromycin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:211-219. [PMID: 28179133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to save time and resources in early drug development, in vitro methods that correctly predict the formulation effect on oral drug absorption are necessary. The aim of this study was to 1) evaluate various BCS class II drug formulations with in vitro methods and in vivo in order to 2) determine which in vitro method best correlates with the in vivo results. Clarithromycin served as model compound in formulations with different particle sizes and content of excipients. The performed in vitro experiments were dissolution and dissolution/permeation experiments across two types of membrane, Caco-2 cells and excised rat intestinal sheets. The in vivo study was performed in rats. The oral absorption was enhanced by downsizing drug particles and by increasing the excipient concentration. This correlated strongly with the flux across Caco-2 cells but not with the other in vitro experiments. The insufficient correlation with the dissolution experiments can be partly explained by excipient caused problems during the filtration step. The very poor correlation of the in vivo data with the flux across excised rat intestinal sheets might be due to an artificially enlarged mucus layer ex vivo. In conclusion, downsizing BCS class II drug particles and the addition of surfactants enhanced the in vivo absorption, which was best depicted by dissolution/permeation experiments across Caco-2 cells. This setup is proposed as best model to predict the in vivo formulation effect. Also, this is the first study to evaluate the impact of the nature of the permeation membrane in dissolution/permeation experiments.
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Self dispersing mixed micelles forming systems for enhanced dissolution and intestinal permeability of hydrochlorothiazide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:206-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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