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Surmacki JM, Abramczyk H. Confocal Raman imaging reveals the impact of retinoids on human breast cancer via monitoring the redox status of cytochrome c. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15049. [PMID: 37700001 PMCID: PMC10497563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper expands the current state of knowledge on impact of retinoids on redox status of cytochrome c in cancers. Little is known how the expression of cytochromes may influence the development of cancers. We studied the effect of the redox status of the central iron ion in heme of cytochrome c. We determined the redox status of the iron ion in cytochrome c in mitochondria, cytoplasm, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum of the human breast cancer cells by Raman imaging. We incubated human breast adenocarcinoma cells (SK-BR-3) with retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl ester (palmitate) at concentration of 50 μM for 24 h. We recorded the Raman spectra and images of human breast cancer in vitro SK-BR-3 cells receiving redox stimuli by retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl ester (palmitate). The paper provides evidence that retinoic acid and retinol are pivotally important for mitochondrial energy homeostasis by controlling the redox status of cytochrome c in the electron transport chain controlling oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis. We discussed the role of retinoids in metabolism and signaling of cancer cells. The paper provides experimental support for theoretical hypothesis how retinoic acid/retinol catalyse resonance energy transfer reactions and controls the activation/inactivation cycle of protein kinase PKCδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maciej Surmacki
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland.
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Zhang X, Wang N, Wei W, Li Y. Epstein-Barr virus infection-associated cholangiocarcinoma: a report of one case and the review of literature. Virol J 2022; 19:133. [PMID: 35945590 PMCID: PMC9361612 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical data of a patient with Epstein-barr virus (EBV) associated with cholangiocarcinoma was reported in this paper: a case of a 36-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and systemic skin yellowing combined with skin itching. Laboratory studies showed increase in alanine aminotransferase 242 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 404 U/L, r-glutamyltransferase 1516 U/L, total bilirubin 308.2 µmol/L and CA199 (101.0 U/ml). AFP (4.5 ng/ml) was normal. CT revealed multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver. PET-CT revealed liver malignant tumor and lymph node metastasis. Liver puncture pathology revealed infiltrative growth of significant heterocyst nests in the liver tissue, which was morphologically consistent with malignant tumors, considering poorly differentiated carcinoma. Pathology suggestion: combining liver puncture with morphology, immunohistochemistry, and EBV in situ hybridization results, it was consistent with EB virus-associated poorly differentiated carcinoma, therefore, consider EBV infection-associated poorly differentiated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (LELC morphology). The patient underwent liver transplantation in Hangzhou Shulan Hospital on June 8, 2021 successfully. After surgery, the patient orally took tacrolimus for anti-rejection, entecavir for antiviral therapy, gemcitabine 1.2 g + cis-platinum 30 mg for chemotherapy. After following up for more than 5 months post liver transplantation, the condition of the patient deteriorated. The patient subsequently died. Based on the case of our patient and the review of existing literature, when the patient's serum CA199 increased, AFP did not change significantly, and there was no previous history of hepatitis B. CT revealed a low-density mass in the liver, ring enhancement in the arterial phase, and heterogeneous enhancement of the tumor in the delayed phase. Ring enhancement of the liver lesion mass was observed on MRI. Consider the might possibility of hepatic CCA. When patients showed recurrent tonsillitis at an early age, EBV virus infection should be vigilant and oropharyngeal tissue should persist, diagnosis of EBV-associated liver cancer should be considered. In particular, EBV infection-related liver cancer is relatively rare, the clinician should improve the recognition of the disease to strive for early diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou Tianshui Wulin Street Community Health Service Centers, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Department of Radiology, Hangzhou Tumor Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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3
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Novel strategies of Raman imaging for monitoring intracellular retinoid metabolism in cancer cells. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Tang Y, Hu Y, Wang J, Zeng Z. A novel risk score based on a combined signature of 10 immune system genes to predict bladder cancer prognosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106851. [PMID: 32763782 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common internal malignant tumor with a poor prognosis worldwide. There is an urgent need to better understand the pathogenesis and progression of BC and to find useful biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This study was aimed at developing a potential immunogenomic prognostic signature for BC patients. To identify possible immune-system-related genes (IRGs) whose parameters predict the survival of BC patients, we chose 371 BC patients and analyzed differentially expressed IRGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We then derived a 10-IRG formula, including MMP9, RBP7, PDGFRA, AHNAK, OAS1, OLR1, RAC3, SLIT2, IGF1, and AGTR1, to estimate BC prognosis. To validate the mRNA levels of these IRGs, we performed quantitative PCR and found that the expression of these genes almost matched the corresponding mRNA expression levels in TCGA. Furthermore, we validated the prognostic value of the new risk model using two external datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus: GSE13507 (n = 165) and GSE32894 (n = 224). Our data pointed to a significant correlation between the risk model and patients' prognosis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that products of the IRGs have possible effects on tumor immune processes such as an inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Finally, assessment of the clinical value of the immune-system-based risk signature showed that several of these IRGs were differentially expressed between patients with different clinical characteristics: a high risk score positively correlated with female sex, advanced tumor stage, more advanced T stage, and lymph node metastasis. This immunogenomic signature may represents a reliable prognostic tool for BC and can help to design an individualized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Tsang CM, Lui VWY, Bruce JP, Pugh TJ, Lo KW. Translational genomics of nasopharyngeal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:84-100. [PMID: 31521748 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), also named the Cantonese cancer, is a unique cancer with strong etiological association with infection of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). With particularly high prevalence in Southeast Asia, the involvement of EBV and genetic aberrations contributive to NPC tumorigenesis have remained unclear for decades. Recently, genomic analysis of NPC has defined it as a genetically homogeneous cancer, driven largely by NF-κB signaling caused by either somatic aberrations of NF-κB negative regulators or by overexpression of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), an EBV viral oncoprotein. This represents a landmark finding of the NPC genome. Exome and RNA sequencing data from new EBV-positive NPC models also highlight the importance of PI3K pathway aberrations in NPC. We also realize for the first time that NPC mutational burden, mutational signatures, MAPK/PI3K aberrations, and MHC Class I gene aberrations, are prognostic for patient outcome. Together, these multiple genomic discoveries begin to shape the focus of NPC therapy development. Given the challenge of NF-κB targeting in human cancers, more innovative drug discovery approaches should be explored to target the unique atypical NF-κB activation feature of NPC. Our next decade of NPC research should focus on further identification of the -omic landscapes of recurrent and metastatic NPC, development of gene-based precision medicines, as well as large-scale drug screening with the newly developed and well-characterized EBV-positive NPC models. Focused preclinical and clinical investigations on these major directions may identify new and effective targeting strategies to further improve survival of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Yokoi K, Yamashita K, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Nishizawa N, Tsutsui A, Miura H, Katoh H, Yamanashi T, Naito M, Sato T, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. Comprehensive molecular exploration identified promoter DNA methylation of the CRBP1 gene as a determinant of radiation sensitivity in rectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1046-1056. [PMID: 28291773 PMCID: PMC5396119 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) for advanced rectal cancer (RC) is a well-evidenced therapy; however, some RC patients have no therapeutic response. Patient selection for NCRT so that non-responsive patients are excluded has been subjective. To date, no molecular markers indicating radiation sensitivity have been reported. METHODS We irradiated six colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and identified HCT116 cells as radiation-sensitive and HCT15 and DLD-1 cells as radiation resistant. Using a microarray, we selected candidate radiation sensitivity marker genes by choosing genes whose expression was consistent with a radiation-resistant or sensitive cell phenotype. RESULTS Among candidate genes, cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1) was of particular interest because it was not only induced in HCT116 cells by tentative 10 Gy radiation treatments, but also its expression was increased in HCT116-derived radiation-resistant cells vs parental cells. Forced expression of CRBP1 decreased the viability of both HCT15 and DLD-1 cells in response to radiation therapy. We also confirmed that CRBP1 was epigenetically silenced by hypermethylation of its promoter DNA, and that the quantitative methylation value of CRBP1 significantly correlated with histological response in RC patients with NCRT (P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified CRBP1 as a radiation-sensitive predictor in RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yokoi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - K Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - S Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - N Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - A Tsutsui
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - H Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - T Yamanashi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - M Naito
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
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Napoli JL. Cellular retinoid binding-proteins, CRBP, CRABP, FABP5: Effects on retinoid metabolism, function and related diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 173:19-33. [PMID: 28132904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular binding-proteins (BP), including CRBP1, CRBP2, CRABP1, CRABP2, and FABP5, shepherd the poorly aqueous soluble retinoids during uptake, metabolism and function. Holo-BP promote efficient use of retinol, a scarce but essential nutrient throughout evolution, by sheltering it and its major metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid from adventitious interactions with the cellular milieu, and by imposing specificity of delivery to enzymes, nuclear receptors and other partners. Apo-BP reflect cellular retinoid status and modify activities of retinoid metabolon enzymes, or exert non-canonical actions. High ligand binding affinities and the nature of ligand sequestration necessitate external factors to prompt retinoid release from holo-BP. One or more of cross-linking, kinetics, and colocalization have identified these factors as RDH, RALDH, CYP26, LRAT, RAR and PPARβ/δ. Michaelis-Menten and other kinetic approaches verify that BP channel retinoids to select enzymes and receptors by protein-protein interactions. Function of the BP and enzymes that constitute the retinoid metabolon depends in part on retinoid exchanges unique to specific pairings. The complexity of these exchanges configure retinol metabolism to meet the diverse functions of all-trans-retinoic acid and its ability to foster contrary outcomes in different cell types, such as inducing apoptosis, differentiation or proliferation. Altered BP expression affects retinoid function, for example, by impairing pancreas development resulting in abnormal glucose and energy metabolism, promoting predisposition to breast cancer, and fostering more severe outcomes in prostate cancer, ovarian adenocarcinoma, and glioblastoma. Yet, the extent of BP interactions with retinoid metabolon enzymes and their impact on retinoid physiology remains incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Napoli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States.
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Jiang W, Cai R, Chen QQ. DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Diagnostic and Prognostic Tools. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8059-65. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Epigenetic Alterations in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 879:39-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24738-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Effects of omics data combinations on in silico tumor-normal tissue classification. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Vitamin A, cancer treatment and prevention: the new role of cellular retinol binding proteins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:624627. [PMID: 25879031 PMCID: PMC4387950 DOI: 10.1155/2015/624627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinol and vitamin A derivatives influence cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis and play an important physiologic role in a wide range of biological processes. Retinol is obtained from foods of animal origin. Retinol derivatives are fundamental for vision, while retinoic acid is essential for skin and bone growth. Intracellular retinoid bioavailability is regulated by the presence of specific cytoplasmic retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins (CRBPs and CRABPs). CRBP-1, the most diffuse CRBP isoform, is a small 15 KDa cytosolic protein widely expressed and evolutionarily conserved in many tissues. CRBP-1 acts as chaperone and regulates the uptake, subsequent esterification, and bioavailability of retinol. CRBP-1 plays a major role in wound healing and arterial tissue remodelling processes. In the last years, the role of CRBP-1-related retinoid signalling during cancer progression became object of several studies. CRBP-1 downregulation associates with a more malignant phenotype in breast, ovarian, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Reexpression of CRBP-1 increased retinol sensitivity and reduced viability of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Further studies are needed to explore new therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring CRBP-1-mediated intracellular retinol trafficking and the meaning of CRBP-1 expression in cancer patients' screening for a more personalized and efficacy retinoid therapy.
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Chan AWH, Tong JHM, Sung MYM, Lai PBS, To KF. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma: a rare variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with favourable outcome. Histopathology 2014; 65:674-83. [PMID: 24804938 DOI: 10.1111/his.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LELCC) is a rare variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Only 16 cases have reported previously in the literature, and about 62.5% of these cases were associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). METHODS AND RESULTS We present the largest series (seven cases) of LELCC with descriptions of clinical and pathological characteristics, investigations of aberrant DNA methylation and mutation analyses of EGFR and KRAS. The evaluation also included 11 cases of stage-matched conventional IHCC for comparison. RESULTS All seven patients of LELCC were female and had stage I disease. LELCC had significantly better 2- and 5-year overall survival than IHCC (100% versus 52.8%, and 100% versus 13.2%, respectively, P = 0.003). All seven LELCCs were EBV-associated and composed exclusively of adenocarcinoma with varied glandular differentiation, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and variable expression of biliary-type cytokeratins (CK7 and CK19) and stemness markers (CD133 and EpCAM). Gene hypermethylation was more frequent in LELCC than IHCC. CRBPI (85.7% versus 9.1%, P < 0.003) and CRBPIV (85.7% versus 0%, P < 0.001) showed statistically higher methylation frequencies in LELCC than IHCC. No LELCC harboured any EGFR or KRAS mutation. CONCLUSION Epstein-Barr virus-associated LELCC is a variant of IHCC, characterized by marked female predominance, favourable overall survival and distinctively frequent DNA hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W H Chan
- State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Mendoza-Rodriguez M, Arreola H, Valdivia A, Peralta R, Serna H, Villegas V, Romero P, Alvarado-Hernández B, Paniagua L, Marrero-Rodríguez D, Meraz MA, Salcedo M. Cellular retinol binding protein 1 could be a tumor suppressor gene in cervical cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:1817-1825. [PMID: 24040446 PMCID: PMC3759488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the most important health problems in women. It frequently presents genetic changes at chromosome region 3q21. This region contains the Cellular Retinol Binding Protein 1 gene (CRBP1) which has been implicated as an important element in the development of other types of cancer. The main goal of the present work was to determine the molecular alterations of CRBP1 and its relationship to CC. METHODS To determine the molecular alterations of CRBP1 gene in CC; twenty-six CC and twenty-six healthy cervix samples were evaluated for: 1) Copy number gain by real-time PCR analysis, 2) expression levels by an immunohistochemistry assay on tissue microarray, and 3) the methylation status of the CRBP1 promoter region. RESULTS The increase in CRBP1 copy number was observed in 10 out of the 26 CC samples analyzed, while healthy cervices samples showed no changes in the copy number. In addition, there was a lack of expression of the CRBP1 gene in an important number of the CC samples (17/26), and the CRBP1 gene promoter was methylated in 15/26 of the CC samples. Interestingly, there was a significant association between the lack of expression of the CRBP1 gene and its methylation status. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates that, both activating and inactivating changes in the CRBP1 gene could be significant events in the development and progression of CC, and the lack of expression of the CRBP1 protein could be related with to the development of CC. We believe that there is enough evidence to consider to CRBP1 gene as a tumor suppressor gene for CC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular/genetics
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Mendoza-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosIPN, México
- Actual address: AV, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Milpa Alta, Instituto Politécnico NacionalMéx
| | - Hugo Arreola
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
- Actual address: AV, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Milpa Alta, Instituto Politécnico NacionalMéx
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
| | - Raúl Peralta
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
| | - Humberto Serna
- Clínica de Colposcopía, Hospital General de MéxicoS.S., México
| | - Vanessa Villegas
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
| | - Pablo Romero
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
| | | | - Lucero Paniagua
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
| | - Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
| | - Marco A Meraz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosIPN, México
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, UMAE Hospital de OncologíaCMN SXXI, IMSS Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México D.F. 06720
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Lo KW, Chung GTY, To KF. Acquired Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Challouf S, Ziadi S, Zaghdoudi R, Ksiaa F, Ben Gacem R, Trimeche M. Patterns of aberrant DNA hypermethylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Tunisian patients. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:795-802. [PMID: 22296674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant methylation in the promoter of tumor-related genes is associated closely with epigenetically mediated gene silencing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the methylation profile of Tunisian nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to determine the clinicopathological features of tumors showing this epigenetic alteration. METHODS Thirty-six archival NPC biopsies were investigated in comparison with 19 non-tumor nasopharyngeal tissue specimens. DNA methylation status of ten tumor-suppressor and related genes was analyzed by using methylation-specific PCR. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) presence was verified by PCR and in situ hybridization and the LMP1 oncoprotein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Findings were then correlated with clinicopathological variables (Patients' gender and age, tumor histological subtype and stage). RESULTS Hypermethylation frequencies of the investigated genes in NPC biopsies were 75% for RASSFIA, 58.3% for SHP1, 47.2% for DAPK, 33.3% for P16, 31% for RARβ2, 19.4% for GSTP1 and TIMP3, 11% for APC and CDH1, and 5.5% for MGMT. In non-tumor nasopharyngeal samples, hypermethylation was detected in lower frequencies in 6 genes (SHP 26.3%, P16 21%, RARβ2 21%, DAPK 15.8%, TIMP3 10.5%, and GSTP 5.3%). Hypermethylation of RARβ2 promoter was more frequent in tumors with lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis (43.5% vs 0%, p=0.03). Methylation of RASSF1A was more frequently detected in non-keratinizing NPC than in undifferentiated subtype (100% vs 66.7%; p=0.05). A trend toward positive association was found between an increased number of methylated genes and LMP1 expression (p=0.07). However, no significant association was found for the remaining variables. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that hypermethylation of multiple genes is a common alteration in nasopharyngeal carcinomas in Tunisian patients and that this epigenetic change may play a role in the nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Challouf
- Department of Pathology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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16
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Lo KW, Chung GTY, To KF. Deciphering the molecular genetic basis of NPC through molecular, cytogenetic, and epigenetic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:79-86. [PMID: 22245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is consistently associated with EBV infection and prevalence in southern China and Southeast Asia. In addition to EBV, the development of NPC involves cumulative genetic and epigenetic changes influenced by predisposing genetic factors and environmental carcinogens. Over the past two decades, knowledge of genetic and epigenetic alterations of NPC has rapidly accumulated. Multiple chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. copy number changes on chromosomes 3p, 9p, 11q, 12p, and 14q), gene alterations (e.g. p16 deletion and LTBR amplification), and epigenetic changes (e.g. RASSF1A and TSLC1 methylation) have been identified by various genome-wide approaches, such as allelotyping, CGH, and microarray analysis. In this review, we will discuss the critical genetic events that contribute to the initiation and progression of NPC. Studies on the precancerous lesions and in vitro immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell models provide important evidence for the involvement of genetic alterations and EBV infection in early development of this cancer. A hypothetical model describing the role of EBV latent infection and multiple genetic changes in NPC tumorigenesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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17
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Role of DNA methylation in head and neck cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 2:123-50. [PMID: 22704334 PMCID: PMC3365391 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-011-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogenous and complex entity including diverse anatomical sites and a variety of tumor types displaying unique characteristics and different etilogies. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of the disease, but the underlying mechanism is still far from clear. Previous studies suggest that alterations in the genes acting in cellular signal pathways may contribute to head and neck carcinogenesis. In cancer, DNA methylation patterns display specific aberrations even in the early and precancerous stages and may confer susceptibility to further genetic or epigenetic changes. Silencing of the genes by hypermethylation or induction of oncogenes by promoter hypomethylation are frequent mechanisms in different types of cancer and achieve increasing diagnostic and therapeutic importance since the changes are reversible. Therefore, methylation analysis may provide promising clinical applications, including the development of new biomarkers and prediction of the therapeutic response or prognosis. In this review, we aimed to analyze the available information indicating a role for the epigenetic changes in HNC.
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Buckley PG, Das S, Bryan K, Watters KM, Alcock L, Koster J, Versteeg R, Stallings RL. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of neuroblastic tumors reveals clinically relevant epigenetic events and large-scale epigenomic alterations localized to telomeric regions. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:2296-305. [PMID: 20669225 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The downregulation of specific genes through DNA hypermethylation is a major hallmark of cancer, although the extent and genomic distribution of hypermethylation occurring within cancer genomes is poorly understood. We report on the first genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation alterations in different neuroblastic tumor subtypes and cell lines, revealing higher order organization and clinically relevant alterations of the epigenome. The methylation status of 33,485 discrete loci representing all annotated CpG islands and RefSeq gene promoters was assessed in primary neuroblastic tumors and cell lines. A comparison of genes that were hypermethylated exclusively in the clinically favorable ganglioneuroma/ganglioneuroblastoma tumors revealed that nine genes were associated with poor clinical outcome when overexpressed in the unfavorable neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. Moreover, an integrated DNA methylation and copy number analysis identified 80 genes that were recurrently concomitantly deleted and hypermethylated in NB, with 37 reactivated by 5-aza-deoxycytidine. Lower expression of four of these genes was correlated with poor clinical outcome, further implicating their inactivation in aggressive disease pathogenesis. Analysis of genome-wide hypermethylation patterns revealed 70 recurrent large-scale blocks of contiguously hypermethylated promoters/CpG islands, up to 590 kb in length, with a distribution bias toward telomeric regions. Genome-wide hypermethylation events in neuroblastic tumors are extensive and frequently occur in large-scale blocks with a significant bias toward telomeric regions, indicating that some methylation alterations have occurred in a coordinated manner. Our results indicate that methylation contributes toward the clinicopathological features of neuroblastic tumors, revealing numerous genes associated with poor patient survival in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Buckley
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Hou D, Guan Y, Liu J, Xiao Z, Ouyang Y, Yu Y, Chen Z. Cloning and characterization of the NPCEDRG gene promoter. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 346:1-10. [PMID: 20821255 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NPCEDRG is a novel tumor suppressive gene that localizes to 3p21.3, a chromosomal region frequently associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a number of malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Its transcriptional down-expression has been shown in the cell lines and primary tumor tissues of NPC. Reintroduction of NPCEDRG into CNE2, a cell line derived from NPC, was effective to induce cell differentiation, control cell growth, and regulate the cell cycle. Little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms controlling NPCEDRG gene expression. In this article, we describe the NPCEDRG gene structure and the transcriptional expression of NPCEDRG; we found that NPCEDRG was expressed weakly in most of NPC cell lines. Using 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (5'-RACEs), we found that the NPCEDRG gene has several transcription start sites (TSSs) due to the existence of alternatively spliced variants, and the specific TSS of NPCEDRG was located -25 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. We amend that Human NPCEDRG CDS containing 516 bp but not the 510 bp reported previously. To characterize the NPCEDRG promoter, transient luciferase and/or EGFP reporter assay were carried out with the constructs including various lengths of the 5' flanking region of the NPCEDRG gene. The results demonstrated that the basal promoter is located at the region from -215 to -8 nucleotides, and the optimal promoter is located at the region from -625 to -8 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. In silico analysis suggested that the promoter region contained potential binding sites for SP1, c-Myb, AREB6, Nkx2-5, and so on. These results provide important clues to elucidate the regulation of NPCEDRG gene expression and function. Further studies are apparently required for the identification of the transcription factors, essential for NPCEDRG expression, which would lead to better understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPCEDRG expression in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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20
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Kwok WK, Pang JCS, Lo KW, Ng HK. Role of the RARRES1 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 194:58-64. [PMID: 19737656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique type of head and neck cancer that is most prevalent in southern China. Previous studies have suggested that genetic susceptibility, environmental carcinogens, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contribute to the etiology of NPC. Our group has identified the retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1 gene (RARRES1; alias TIG1) to be transcriptionally silenced by promoter hypermethylation in approximately 90% of NPC cases, suggesting that its inactivation may be important in NPC formation. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of the RARRES1 protein (alias TIG1) in NPC cells with EBV infection (HK1-EBV) and without (HK1). Cellular proliferation analysis, as measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, showed that knockdown and overexpression of TIG1 in HK1 led, respectively, to significantly increased (P = 0.005) and reduced (P = 0.027) proportions of BrdU-labeled cells, compared with control cells. In contrast, knockdown or overexpression of TIG1 had no significant effect on cellular proliferation in HK1-EBV cells. Invasion chamber assay showed that TIG1 knockdown in HK1-EBV cells resulted in significant enhancement of invasive capacity of HK1-EBV cells (P = 0.006). HK1 cells were not invasive, regardless of TIG1 status. These findings suggest that TIG1 may play a role in cellular proliferation and invasion in NPC cells and that its function may be dependent on the EBV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kei Kwok
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong
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21
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Ong KW, Teo M, Lee V, Ong D, Lee A, Tan CS, Vathsala A, Toh HC. Expression of EBV latent antigens, mammalian target of rapamycin, and tumor suppression genes in EBV-positive smooth muscle tumors: clinical and therapeutic implications. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5350-8. [PMID: 19706821 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EBV-positive smooth muscle tumor (EBV+SMT) is a rare disease with no established therapy. We describe the largest single institution analysis in renal transplant recipients. It aims to define its clinical features and determine the expression of EBV latent genes as well as key molecular pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with EBV+SMT were identified from the Singapore General Hospital Renal Transplant Registry database. These tumors were investigated for expression of EBV latent genes with Southern blots, EBV latent antigens, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Akt, p70 S6 kinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor using immunohistochemistry, as well as methylation status of cancer-related genes using methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS Eight were found to be EBV+SMT in 1,123 transplant patients. All displayed indolent clinical courses and were unresponsive to immunosuppression reduction. Complete tumor regression was seen in one patient following administration of sirolimus. These tumors display the full range of known EBV latent genes. Immunohistochemistry with total and phosphorylated mTOR and Akt were positive for all patients, and vascular endothelial growth factor was positive in 25% of patients, suggesting activation of the mTOR/Akt pathway. Methylation of RASSF1A was found in all tissue samples, whereas promoter hypermethylation of RARbeta, GSTP1, DAPK, and p14 was observed in some samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these tumors display a EBV type III latency pattern. The mTOR pathway is also activated. EBV may play a role in silencing RASSF1A. EBV-specific immunotherapy, mTOR inhibitors, and demethylating agents are possible therapeutic options in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Wee Ong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.
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22
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Sabatino M, Stroncek DF, Klein H, Marincola FM, Wang E. Stem cells in melanoma development. Cancer Lett 2009; 279:119-25. [PMID: 19095348 PMCID: PMC3405359 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a significant health problem worldwide. Available treatments can induce objective tumor regression in a small percent of patients, but these responses are not always associated with improved long-term survival. The resistance of melanoma to therapy and its predestined recurrence are related to the genetic heterogeneity and genomic instability of the tumor. For many years these genetic alterations were thought to be linked to the accumulation of random mutations in functionally differentiated cells which transform them into malignant cells that have lost their ability to differentiate and have acquired drug resistance. In the last few years it has been largely demonstrated that melanoma as other solid tumors contains a subpopulation of cells (CSCs) considered the source of the primary tumor mass, of new tumor nodules and responsible for drug resistance and cancer recurrence. In this review, we provide an overview of findings and advances in CSCs research that are relevant to the initiation, natural history, and the response to treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sabatino
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10 Room 1C711, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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23
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Niller HH, Wolf H, Minarovits J. Epigenetic dysregulation of the host cell genome in Epstein-Barr virus-associated neoplasia. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:158-64. [PMID: 19429479 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus, is associated with a wide variety of malignant tumors. The expression of the latent viral RNAs is under strict, host-cell dependent transcriptional control. This results in an almost complete transcriptional silencing of the EBV genome in memory B-cells. In tumor cells, germinal center B-cells and lymphoblastoid cells, distinct viral latency promoters are active. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to this strict control. In EBV-infected cells, epigenetic mechanisms also alter the expression of cellular genes, including tumor suppressor genes. In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, the hypermethylation of certain cellular promoters is attributed to the upregulation of DNA methyltransferases by the viral oncoprotein LMP1 (latent membrane protein 1) via JNK/AP1-signaling. The role of other viral latency products in the epigenetic dysregulation of the cellular genome remains to be established. Analysis of epigenetic alterations in EBV-associated neoplasms may result in a better understanding of their pathogenesis and may facilitate the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene at the University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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24
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Williams SJ, Cvetkovic D, Hamilton TC. Vitamin A metabolism is impaired in human ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 112:637-45. [PMID: 19110304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously reported that loss in expression of a protein considered critical for vitamin A homeostasis, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), is an early event in ovarian carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine if loss of vitamin A metabolism also occurs early in ovarian oncogenesis. METHODS We assessed CRBP1 expression by immunohistochemistry in ovaries prophylactically removed from women with a genetic risk for ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the ability of normal, immortalized but nontumorigenic, and tumorigenic human ovarian epithelial cells to synthesize retinoic acid and retinaldehyde when challenged with a physiological dose of retinol, and determined expression levels of the retinoid-related genes, RARalpha, RXRalpha, CRABP1, CRABP2, RALDH1 and RALDH2 in these cells. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of CRBP1 expression in potentially preneoplastic lesions in prophylactic oophorectomies. HPLC analysis of vitamin A metabolism showed production of retinoic acid in four independent, normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell cultures upon exposure to retinol. However, only one of two SV40-immortalized HOSE cell lines made RA, while none of the ovarian carcinoma cell lines produced detectable RA due to complete loss of RALDH2. CONCLUSIONS The impaired conversion of retinol to RA in ovarian cancer cells and decreased CRBP1 protein expression in prophylactic oophorectomies support our hypothesis that concomitant losses of vitamin A metabolism and CRBP1 expression contribute to ovarian oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Williams
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue W310, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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25
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Neoplasia: An Anniversary of Progress. Neoplasia 2007. [DOI: 10.1593/neo.07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Carén H, Fransson S, Ejeskär K, Kogner P, Martinsson T. Genetic and epigenetic changes in the common 1p36 deletion in neuroblastoma tumours. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1416-24. [PMID: 17940511 PMCID: PMC2360241 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 1p is frequently deleted in neuroblastoma (NB) tumours. The commonly deleted region has been narrowed down by loss of heterozygosity studies undertaken by different groups. Based on earlier mapping data, we have focused on a region on 1p36 (chr1: 7 765 595–11 019 814) and performed an analysis of 30 genes by exploring features such as epigenetic regulation, that is DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, mutations at the DNA level and mRNA expression. Treatment of NB cell lines with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A led to increased gene transcription of four of the 30 genes, ERRFI1 (MIG-6), PIK3CD, RBP7 (CRBPIV) and CASZ1, indicating that these genes could be affected by epigenetic downregulation in NBs. Two patients with nonsynonymous mutations in the PIK3CD gene were detected. One patient harboured three variations in the same exon, and p.R188W. The other patient had the variation p.M655I. In addition, synonymous variations and one variation in an intronic sequence were also found. The mRNA expression of this gene is downregulated in unfavourable, compared to favourable, NBs. One nonsynonymous mutation was also identified in the ERRFI1 gene, p.N343S, and one synonymous. None of the variations above were found in healthy control individuals. In conclusion, of the 30 genes analysed, the PIK3CD gene stands out as one of the most interesting for further studies of NB development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Carén
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg SE-41345, Sweden
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27
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Adamkiewicz J, Kaddatz K, Rieck M, Wilke B, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R. Proteomic profile of mouse fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-β/δ gene. Proteomics 2007; 7:1208-16. [PMID: 17380536 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200601003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-beta (PPARbeta) plays an essential role in lipid metabolism, immune modulation, differentiation and cell proliferation. There is also strong evidence for a function in oncogenesis and tumor vascularization, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we have used fibroblasts derived from Pparb wild-type and null mice to determine by 2-DE and PMF analysis the contribution of PPARbeta to the protein profile of fibroblasts. Thirty-one differentially expressed proteins of different functional categories were identified. For at least two proteins a role in tumorigenesis and/or tumor vascularization has previously been reported: while the calcium intracellular channel-4 (CLIC4) was expressed at lower levels in Pparb null cells, expression of the cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1) was enhanced. Clic4 and Crbp1 gene expression patterns observed in different experimental settings in vitro and in vivo confirmed the proteomics data. Our findings indicate that the expression of a defined set of proteins is altered in fibroblasts and endothelial cells from Pparb null mice, that this is due to aberrant gene regulation, and that the altered expression of these proteins is consistent with the tumor vascularization phenotype of Pparb null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Adamkiewicz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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28
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Rehemtulla A, Ross BD. A review of the past, present, and future directions of neoplasia. Neoplasia 2006; 7:1039-46. [PMID: 16354585 PMCID: PMC1501177 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Li X, Wang E, Zhao YD, Ren JQ, Jin P, Yao KT, Marincola FM. Chromosomal imbalances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of comparative genomic hybridization results. J Transl Med 2006; 4:4. [PMID: 16423296 PMCID: PMC1403800 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly prevalent disease in Southeast Asia and its prevalence is clearly affected by genetic background. Various theories have been suggested for its high incidence in this geographical region but to these days no conclusive explanation has been identified. Chromosomal imbalances identifiable through comparative genomic hybridization may shed some light on common genetic alterations that may be of relevance to the onset and progression of NPC. Review of the literature, however, reveals contradictory results among reported findings possibly related to factors associated with patient selection, stage of disease, differences in methodological details etc. To increase the power of the analysis and attempt to identify commonalities among the reported findings, we performed a meta-analysis of results described in NPC tissues based on chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). This meta-analysis revealed consistent patters in chromosomal abnormalities that appeared to cluster in specific "hot spots" along the genome following a stage-dependent progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of pathology and Cancer research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Ena Wang
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ying-dong Zhao
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang Ren
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Department of pathology and Cancer research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Yamashita S, Tsujino Y, Moriguchi K, Tatematsu M, Ushijima T. Chemical genomic screening for methylation-silenced genes in gastric cancer cell lines using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment and oligonucleotide microarray. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:64-71. [PMID: 16367923 PMCID: PMC11159443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel methylation-silenced genes in gastric cancers, we carried out a chemical genomic screening, a genome-wide search for genes upregulated by treatment with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). After 5-aza-dC treatment of a gastric cancer cell line (AGS) 579 genes were upregulated 16-fold or more, using an oligonucleotide microarray with 39,000 genes. From these genes, we selected 44 known genes on autosomes whose silencing in gastric cancer has not been reported. Thirty-two of these had CpG islands (CGI) in their putative promoter regions, and all of the CGI were methylated in AGS, giving an estimated number of 421+/-75 (95% confidence interval) methylation-silenced genes. Additionally, we analyzed the methylation status of 16 potential tumor-related genes with promoter CGI that were upregulated four-fold or more, and 14 of these were methylated in AGS. Methylation status of the 32 randomly selected and 16 potential tumor-related genes was analyzed in 10 primary gastric cancers, and 42 genes (ABHD9, ADFP, ALDH1A3, ANXA5, AREG, BDNF, BMP7, CAV1, CDH2, CLDN3, CTSL, EEF1A2, F2R, FADS1, FSD1, FST, FYN, GPR54, GREM1, IGFBP3, IGFBP7, IRS2, KISS1, MARK1, MLF1, MSX1, MTSS1, NT5E, PAX6, PLAGL1, PLAU, PPIC, RBP4, RORA, SCRN1, TBX3, TFAP2C, TNFSF9, ULBP2, WIF1, ZNF177 and ZNF559) were methylated in at least one primary gastric cancer. A metastasis suppressor gene, MTSS1, was located in a genomic region with frequent loss of heterozygosity (8q22), and was expressed abundantly in the normal gastric mucosa, suggesting its role in gastric carcinogenesis. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 64 -71).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamashita
- Carcinogenesis Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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