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Panahi Meymandi AR, Akbari B, Soltantoyeh T, Shahosseini Z, Hosseini M, Hadjati J, Mirzaei HR. PX-478, an HIF-1α inhibitor, impairs mesoCAR T cell antitumor function in cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1357801. [PMID: 38425341 PMCID: PMC10903365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1357801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in treating hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy against solid tumors, including cervical cancer, remains a challenge. Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment, profoundly impacts CAR T cell function, emphasizing the need to explore strategies targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 on mesoCAR T cell function through in-silico and in vitro experiments. We conducted comprehensive analyses of HIF-1α expression in cervical cancer patients and examined the impact of PX-478 on T cell proliferation, cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and exhaustion markers. Results Our in-silico analyses revealed high expression of HIF-1α in cervical cancer patients, correlating with poor prognosis. PX-478 effectively reduced HIF-1α levels in T and HeLa cells. While PX-478 exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of antigen-nonspecific T and mesoCAR T cell proliferation, it had minimal impact on antigen-specific mesoCAR T cell proliferation. Notably, PX-478 significantly impaired the cytotoxic function of mesoCAR T cells and induced terminally exhausted T cells. Discussion Our results underscore the significant potential and physiological relevance of the HIF-1α pathway in determining the fate and function of both T and CAR T cells. However, we recognize the imperative for further molecular investigations aimed at unraveling the intricate downstream targets associated with HIF-1α and its influence on antitumor immunity, particularly within the context of hypoxic tumors. These insights serve as a foundation for the careful development of combination therapies tailored to counter immunosuppressive pathways within hypoxic environments and fine-tune CAR T cell performance in the intricate tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Panahi Meymandi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Soltantoyeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shahosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Angiogenesis and Cell Proliferation of Breast Cancer Evaluated by Dynamic Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3156093. [PMID: 35915805 PMCID: PMC9338867 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3156093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Breast cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of breast epithelial cells under the action of various carcinogenic factors. The evaluation of early efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer is helpful to change the treatment plan in time. On this basis, dynamic contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on angiogenesis and cell proliferation in breast cancer. Objective. To evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on angiogenesis and cell proliferation of breast cancer by dynamic enhanced DCE-MRI. Method. 80 breast cancer patients were divided into the routine chemotherapy group (3 cycles) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy groups (3 cycles) of 40 cases each from January 2018 to June 2021. Based on conventional imaging, DCE-MRI was performed with Intera Achieva 3.0 TMR superconducting MR scanner before and after treatment. The quantitative indexes, MRI parameters, cell proliferation expression, and DCE-MRI angiogenesis were compared between the two groups. Result. The inhibition rate, Vepost, Ktranspre, ADC, Bax, Alexi, and Aurora in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group were significantly higher than those in the conventional chemotherapy group (
), while Kep, Ktrans, and Nek2 were significantly lower than those in the conventional chemotherapy group (
). Vepre (cm3), Ktranspre (ml/min/100 cm3), and Ve had no significant difference (
). Conclusion. The quantitative parameters, MRI parameters, proliferation, and expression of DCE-MRI in breast cancer patients with different chemotherapy regimens are quite different. They can be applied to the diagnosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients with angiogenesis and cell proliferation.
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Gallez B. The Role of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853568. [PMID: 35910347 PMCID: PMC9335493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, altered metabolism and genomic instability. As hypoxia is a major actor in tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, multiple approaches have emerged to target tumor hypoxia. It includes among others pharmacological interventions designed to alleviate tumor hypoxia at the time of radiation therapy, prodrugs that are selectively activated in hypoxic cells or inhibitors of molecular targets involved in hypoxic cell survival (i.e., hypoxia inducible factors HIFs, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, unfolded protein response). While numerous strategies were successful in pre-clinical models, their translation in the clinical practice has been disappointing so far. This therapeutic failure often results from the absence of appropriate stratification of patients that could benefit from targeted interventions. Companion diagnostics may help at different levels of the research and development, and in matching a patient to a specific intervention targeting hypoxia. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of the existing hypoxia biomarkers, their current status and the challenges for their future validation as companion diagnostics adapted to the nature of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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4
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HIF-1α inhibition promotes the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 531:39-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Huang W, Zhang Q, Wu G, Chen PP, Li J, McCabe Gillen K, Spincemaille P, Chiang GC, Gupta A, Wang Y, Chen F. DCE-MRI quantitative transport mapping for noninvasively detecting hypoxia inducible factor-1α, epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression, and Ki-67 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Radiother Oncol 2021; 164:146-154. [PMID: 34592360 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has the potential to noninvasively detect expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Ki-67 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by quantitatively measuring tumor blood flow, vascularity, and permeability. PURPOSE We aim to explore the utility of DCE-MRI in detecting HIF-1α, EGFR, and Ki-67 expression levels using traditional Kety's/Tofts' modeling and quantitative transport mapping (QTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-nine NPC patients underwent DCE-MRI before treatment were enrolled. DCE-MRI was processed to generate the following kinetic parameters: |u| and D from the QTM model, tumor blood flow (TBF) from Kety's model, and Ktrans, Ve, and Kep from Tofts' model. Pretreatment levels of HIF-1α, EGFR, and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and classified into low and high expression groups. RESULTS |u| (p < 0.001) and TBF (p = 0.015) values were significantly higher in the HIF-1α high-expression group compared to low-expression group. Only Ktrans (p = 0.016) was significantly higher in the EGFR high-expression group. Only |u| (p < 0.001) values were significantly higher in the Ki-67 high-expression group compared to low-expression group. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that |u| independently correlated with HIF-1α and Ki-67 expression, and Ktrans independently correlated with EGFR. The areas under the ROC curves of |u| for HIF-1α and Ki-67, and Ktrans for EGFR were 0.83, 0.74, and 0.70, respectively. CONCLUSION |u| and Ktrans derived from DCE-MRI may be considered as noninvasive imaging markers for detecting hypoxia and proliferation in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA; Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University), China.
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hainan General Hospital (Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University), China
| | - Pian Pian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hainan General Hospital (Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University), China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathology, Hainan General Hospital (Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University), China
| | - Kelly McCabe Gillen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Gloria C Chiang
- Departments of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Departments of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University), China.
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Fakhri KU, Sultan A, Mushtaque M, Hasan MR, Nafees S, Hafeez ZB, Zafaryab M, Rizwanullah M, Sharma D, Bano F, AlMalki WH, Ahmad FJ, Rizvi MMA. Obstructions in Nanoparticles Conveyance, Nano-Drug Retention, and EPR Effect in Cancer Therapies. HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON ADVANCEMENTS IN CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6530-8.ch026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors first review nano-devices that are mixtures of biologic molecules and synthetic polymers like nano-shells and nano-particles for the most encouraging applications for different cancer therapies. Nano-sized medications additionally spill especially into tumor tissue through penetrable tumor vessels and are then held in the tumor bed because of diminished lymphatic drainage. This procedure is known as the enhanced penetrability and retention (EPR) impact. Nonetheless, while the EPR impact is generally held to improve conveyance of nano-medications to tumors, it in certainty offers not exactly a 2-overlay increment in nano-drug conveyance contrasted with basic ordinary organs, bringing about medication concentration that is not adequate for restoring most malignant growths. In this chapter, the authors likewise review different obstructions for nano-sized medication conveyance and to make the conveyance of nano-sized medications to tumors progressively successful by expanding on the EPR impact..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Md Zafaryab
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Rizwanullah
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
| | - Farhad Bano
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Jagannathan NR. Application of in vivo MR methods in the study of breast cancer metabolism. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4032. [PMID: 30456917 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, various in vivo MR methodologies have been evaluated for their potential in the study of cancer metabolism. During malignant transformation, metabolic alterations occur, leading to morphological and functional changes. Among various MR methods, in vivo MRS has been extensively used in breast cancer to study the metabolism of cells, tissues or whole organs. It provides biochemical information at the metabolite level. Altered choline, phospholipid and energy metabolism has been documented using proton (1 H), phosphorus (31 P) and carbon (13 C) isotopes. Increased levels of choline-containing compounds, phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters in breast cancer, which are indicative of altered choline and phospholipid metabolism, have been reported using in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo NMR studies. These changes are reversed on successful therapy, which depends on the treatment regimen given. Monitoring the various tumor intermediary metabolic pathways using nuclear spin hyperpolarization of 13 C-labeled substrates by dynamic nuclear polarization has also been recently reported. Furthermore, the utility of various methods such as diffusion, dynamic contrast and perfusion MRI have also been evaluated to study breast tumor metabolism. Parameters such as tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient, volume transfer coefficient and extracellular volume ratio are estimated. These parameters provide information on the changes in tumor microstructure, microenvironment, abnormal vasculature, permeability and grade of the tumor. Such changes seen during cancer progression are due to alterations in the tumor metabolism, leading to changes in cell architecture. Due to architectural changes, the tissue mechanical properties are altered; this can be studied using magnetic resonance elastography, which measures the elastic properties of tissues. Moreover, these structural MRI methods can be used to investigate the effect of therapy-induced changes in tumor characteristics. This review discusses the potential of various in vivo MR methodologies in the study of breast cancer metabolism.
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Meyer HJ, Höhn AK, Hamerla G, Surov A. Histogram parameters derived from T2 weighted images are associated with histopathological findings in rectal cancer - a preliminary study. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3790-3796. [PMID: 30662629 PMCID: PMC6291705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Histogram analysis can better reflect tumor heterogeneity than conventional imaging analysis. The present study analyzed possible correlations between histogram parameters derived from T2 weighted images and histopathological features in rectal cancer. Seventeen patients with histopathological proven rectal adenocarcinoma were retrospectively acquired with prebioptic 3 T MRI and available histopathological specimens. Histogram analysis was performed using an in-house matlab tool conducting a whole lesion measurement. Histopathology was investigated using Ki67 specimens with calculation of Ki67-index as well as cellularity and nucleic areas and CD31 specimens, with estimation of microvessel density. Several histogram parameters correlated with average nucleic area. Skewness showed a moderate correlation with microvessel density (P = 0.54, P = 0.02). None of the parameters correlated with Ki67-index. Skewness derived from T2 weighted images might be used as a surrogate parameter for average nucleic area and microvessel density. However, none of the parameters were associated with proliferation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of LeipzigLeipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Anne Kathrin Höhn
- Department of Pathology, University of LeipzigLeipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Gordian Hamerla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of LeipzigLeipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of LeipzigLeipzig 04103, Germany
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Sasaki T, Moritani T, Belay A, Capizzano AA, Sato SP, Sato Y, Kirby P, Ishitoya S, Oya A, Toda M, Takahashi K. Role of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Predictor of Tumor Progression in Patients with Chordoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1316-1321. [PMID: 29724767 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion-weighted imaging may aid in distinguishing aggressive chordoma from nonaggressive chordoma. This study explores the prognostic role of the apparent diffusion coefficient in chordomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with residual or recurrent chordoma were divided postoperatively into those with an aggressive tumor, defined as a growing tumor having a doubling time of <1 year, and those with a nonaggressive tumor on follow-up MR images. The ability of the ADC to predict an aggressive tumor phenotype was investigated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The prognostic role of ADC was assessed using a Kaplan-Meier curve with a log-rank test. RESULTS Seven patients died during a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 4-126 months). Five of these 7 patients were in the aggressive tumor group, and 2 were in the nonaggressive tumor group. The mean ADC was significantly lower in the aggressive tumor group than in the nonaggressive tumor group (P = .002). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that a cutoff ADC value of 1.494 × 10-3 × mm2/s could be used to diagnose aggressive tumors with an area under the curve of 0.983 (95% CI, 0.911-1.000), a sensitivity of 1.000 (95% CI, 0.541-1.000), and a specificity of 0.900 (95% CI, 0.555-0.998). Furthermore, a cutoff ADC of ≤1.494 × 10-3 × mm2/s was associated with a significantly worse prognosis (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS Lower ADC values could predict tumor progression in postoperative chordomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., T.M., A.B., A.A.C., S.P.S., Y.S.)
- Asahikawa Medical University (T.S., S.I., A.O., M.T., K.T.), Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Moritani
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., T.M., A.B., A.A.C., S.P.S., Y.S.)
- Department of Radiology (T.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - A Belay
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., T.M., A.B., A.A.C., S.P.S., Y.S.)
| | - A A Capizzano
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., T.M., A.B., A.A.C., S.P.S., Y.S.)
| | - S P Sato
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., T.M., A.B., A.A.C., S.P.S., Y.S.)
| | - Y Sato
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.S., T.M., A.B., A.A.C., S.P.S., Y.S.)
| | - P Kirby
- Pathology (P.K.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - S Ishitoya
- Asahikawa Medical University (T.S., S.I., A.O., M.T., K.T.), Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Oya
- Asahikawa Medical University (T.S., S.I., A.O., M.T., K.T.), Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Toda
- Asahikawa Medical University (T.S., S.I., A.O., M.T., K.T.), Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Asahikawa Medical University (T.S., S.I., A.O., M.T., K.T.), Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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Jain T, Nikolopoulou EA, Xu Q, Qu A. Hypoxia inducible factor as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 183:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Meyer HJ, Garnov N, Surov A. Comparison of Two Mathematical Models of Cellularity Calculation. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:307-310. [PMID: 29413764 PMCID: PMC5884215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT: Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities, namely, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI), can characterize tumor architecture like cellularity and vascularity. Previously, two formulas based on a logistic tumor growth model were proposed to predict tumor cellularity with DWI and DCE. The purpose of this study was to proof these formulas. METHODS: 16 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were included into the study. There were 2 women and 14 men with a mean age of 57.0 ± 7.5 years. In every case, tumor cellularity was calculated using the proposed formulas by Atuegwu et al. In every case, also tumor cell count was estimated on histopathological specimens as an average cell count per 2 to 5 high-power fields. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the calculated cellularity and histopathologically estimated cell count by using the formula based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. A moderate positive correlation (r=0.515, P=.041) could be identified by using the formula including ADC and Ve values. CONCLUSIONS: The formula including ADC and Ve values is more sensitive to predict tumor cellularity than the formula including ADC values only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional radiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Nikita Garnov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional radiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional radiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig.
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Zhou H, Arias-Ramos N, López-Larrubia P, Mason RP, Cerdán S, Pacheco-Torres J. Oxygenation Imaging by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1718:297-313. [PMID: 29341016 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7531-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen monitoring is a topic of exhaustive research due to its central role in many biological processes, from energy metabolism to gene regulation. The ability to monitor in vivo the physiological distribution and the dynamics of oxygen from subcellular to macroscopic levels is a prerequisite to better understand the mechanisms associated with both normal and disease states (cancer, neurodegeneration, stroke, etc.). This chapter focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based techniques to assess oxygenation in vivo. The first methodology uses injected fluorinated agents to provide quantitative pO2 measurements with high precision and suitable spatial and temporal resolution for many applications. The second method exploits changes in endogenous contrasts, i.e., deoxyhemoglobin and oxygen molecules through measurements of T 2* and T 1, in response to an intervention to qualitatively evaluate hypoxia and its potential modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Zhou
- Prognostic Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nuria Arias-Ramos
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Prognostic Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pacheco-Torres
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Kim J, Kim E, Euceda LR, Meyer DE, Langseth K, Bathen TF, Moestue SA, Huuse EM. Multiparametric characterization of response to anti-angiogenic therapy using USPIO contrast-enhanced MRI in combination with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1589-1600. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kim
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - Leslie R. Euceda
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Dan E. Meyer
- Biosciences Technology Organization, GE Global Research Center; Niskayuna NY United States
| | | | - Tone F. Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Siver A. Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Women's and Children's Health; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Else Marie Huuse
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
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Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Heterogeneity: Imaging Perspectives Using MR Imaging and Spectroscopy. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:6053879. [PMID: 29114178 PMCID: PMC5654284 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6053879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain viability via genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, expressing overall dynamic heterogeneity. The complex relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins provide unique and convertible tissue contrasts, making magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pertinent imaging tools in both clinics and research. In this review, we summarized MR methods that visualize tumor characteristics and its metabolic phenotypes on an anatomical, microvascular, microstructural, microenvironmental, and metabolomics scale. The review will progress from the utilities of basic spin-relaxation contrasts in cancer imaging to more advanced imaging methods that measure tumor-distinctive parameters such as perfusion, water diffusion, magnetic susceptibility, oxygenation, acidosis, redox state, and cell death. Analytical methods to assess tumor heterogeneity are also reviewed in brief. Although the clinical utility of tumor heterogeneity from imaging is debatable, the quantification of tumor heterogeneity using functional and metabolic MR images with development of robust analytical methods and improved MR methods may offer more critical roles of tumor heterogeneity data in clinics. MRI/MRS can also provide insightful information on pharmacometabolomics, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment response. With these future directions in mind, we anticipate the widespread utilization of these MR-based techniques in studying in vivo cancer biology to better address significant clinical needs.
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Tourell MC, Shokoohmand A, Landgraf M, Holzapfel NP, Poh PSP, Loessner D, Momot KI. The distribution of the apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of the response to chemotherapeutics in ovarian tumour xenografts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42905. [PMID: 28220831 PMCID: PMC5318900 DOI: 10.1038/srep42905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) was used to evaluate the effects of single-agent and combination treatment regimens in a spheroid-based animal model of ovarian cancer. Ovarian tumour xenografts grown in non-obese diabetic/severe-combined-immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice were treated with carboplatin or paclitaxel, or combination carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy regimens. After 4 weeks of treatment, tumours were extracted and underwent DW-MRI, mechanical testing, immunohistochemical and gene expression analyses. The distribution of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) exhibited an upward shift as a result of each treatment regimen. The 99-th percentile of the ADC distribution (“maximum ADC”) exhibited a strong correlation with the tumour size (r2 = 0.90) and with the inverse of the elastic modulus (r2 = 0.96). Single-agent paclitaxel (n = 5) and combination carboplatin/paclitaxel (n = 2) treatment regimens were more effective in inducing changes in regions of higher cell density than single-agent carboplatin (n = 3) or the no-treatment control (n = 5). The maximum ADC was a good indicator of treatment-induced cell death and changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Comparative analysis of the tumours’ ADC distribution, mechanical properties and ECM constituents provides insights into the molecular and cellular response of the ovarian tumour xenografts to chemotherapy. Increased sample sizes are recommended for future studies. We propose experimental approaches to evaluation of the timeline of the tumour’s response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C Tourell
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marietta Landgraf
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Nina P Holzapfel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Patrina S P Poh
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
| | - Konstantin I Momot
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland (QLD), Australia
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16
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The Synergistic Effect of Selumetinib/Docetaxel Combination Therapy Monitored by [(18)F]FDG/[(18)F]FLT PET and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Colorectal Tumor Xenograft Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:249-57. [PMID: 26276154 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) were used to characterize the treatment effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244), docetaxel, and their combination in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice on the molecular level. PROCEDURES Mice were treated with vehicle, selumetinib (25 mg/kg), docetaxel (15 mg/kg), or a combination of both drugs for 7 days and imaged at four time points with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) or 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) followed by DW-MRI to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Data was cross-validated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and compared to histology (IHC). RESULTS Each drug led to tumor growth inhibition but their combination resulted in regression. Separate analysis of PET or ADC could not provide significant differences between groups. Only PCC combined with IHC analysis revealed the highest therapeutic impact for combination therapy. CONCLUSION Combination treatment of selumetinib/docetaxel was superior to the respective mono-therapies shown by PCC of PET and ADC in conjunction with histology.
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17
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Fleten KG, Bakke KM, Mælandsmo GM, Abildgaard A, Redalen KR, Flatmark K. Use of non-invasive imaging to monitor response to aflibercept treatment in murine models of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 34:51-62. [PMID: 27812769 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the most frequent metastatic site in colorectal cancer (CRC), and relevant orthotopic in vivo models are needed to study the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the metastatic setting. A challenge when utilizing such models is monitoring tumor growth during the experiments. In this study, experimental liver metastases were established in nude mice by splenic injection of the CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116, and the mice were treated with the antiangiogenic drug aflibercept. Tumor growth was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Aflibercept treatment was well tolerated and resulted in increased animal survival in HCT116, but not in HT29, while inhibited tumor growth was observed in both models. Treatment efficacy was monitored with high precision using MRI, while BLI detected small-volume disease with high sensitivity, but was less accurate in end-stage disease. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained by diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) were highly predictive of treatment response, with increased ADC corresponding well with areas of necrosis observed by histological evaluation of aflibercept-treated xenografts. The results showed that the efficacy of the antiangiogenic drug aflibercept varied between the two models, possibly reflecting unique growth patterns in the liver that may be representative of human disease. Non-invasive imaging, especially MRI and DW-MRI, can be used to effectively monitor tumor growth and treatment response in orthotopic liver metastasis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne G Fleten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine M Bakke
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Abildgaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Curtis KK, Wong WW, Ross HJ. Past approaches and future directions for targeting tumor hypoxia in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 103:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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19
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Song M, Liu T, Shi C, Zhang X, Chen X. Bioconjugated Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Enhance Chemotherapy Response by Priming Tumor-Associated Macrophages toward M1-like Phenotype and Attenuating Tumor Hypoxia. ACS NANO 2016; 10:633-647. [PMID: 26650065 PMCID: PMC5242343 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes not only the invasiveness of tumor cells, but also chemoresistance in cancer. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) residing at the site of hypoxic region of tumors have been known to cooperate with tumor cells, and promote proliferation and chemoresistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new strategies to alleviate tumor hypoxia and enhance chemotherapy response in solid tumors. Herein, we have taken advantage of high accumulation of TAMs in hypoxic regions of tumor and high reactivity of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the simultaneous production of O2 and regulation of pH to effectively alleviate tumor hypoxia by targeted delivery of MnO2 NPs to the hypoxic area. Furthermore, we also utilized the ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) modification in reprogramming anti-inflammatory, pro-tumoral M2 TAMs to pro-inflammatory, antitumor M1 macrophages to further enhance the ability of MnO2 NPs to lessen tumor hypoxia and modulate chemoresistance. The HA-coated, mannan-conjugated MnO2 particle (Man-HA-MnO2) treatment significantly increased tumor oxygenation and down-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor. Combination treatment of the tumors with Man-HA-MnO2 NPs and doxorubicin significantly increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of breast tumor, inhibited tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation as compared with chemotherapy alone. In addition, the reaction of Man-HA-MnO2 NPs toward endogenous H2O2 highly enhanced T1- and T2-MRI performance for tumor imaging and detection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Hyaluronic Acid/chemistry
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Hypoxia/drug therapy
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Manganese Compounds/chemistry
- Manganese Compounds/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Oxides/chemistry
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Phenotype
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Corresponding Authors, . .
| | - Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Corresponding Authors, . .
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Corresponding Authors, . .
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20
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Fowkes LA, Koh DM, Collins DJ, Jerome NP, MacVicar D, Chua SC, Pearson ADJ. Childhood extracranial neoplasms: the role of imaging in drug development and clinical trials. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:1600-15. [PMID: 26045035 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in children older than 1 year of age and new drugs are necessary to improve outcomes. Imaging is crucial to the drug development process and assessment of therapeutic response. In adults, tumours are often assessed with CT using size criteria. Unfortunately, techniques established in adults are not necessarily applicable in children due to differing pathophysiology, ability to cooperate and increased susceptibility to ionising radiation. MRI, in particular quantitative MRI, has to date not been fully utilised in children with extracranial neoplasms. The specific challenges of imaging in children, the potential for functional imaging techniques to inform upon and their inclusion in clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Fowkes
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, Surrey, UK.
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, Surrey, UK
| | - David J Collins
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, Surrey, UK
| | - Neil P Jerome
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, Surrey, UK
| | - David MacVicar
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, Surrey, UK
| | - Sue C Chua
- Nuclear Medicine & PET Department, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew D J Pearson
- Paediatric Drug Development Unit, Children and Young People's Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, Surrey, UK
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21
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Diffusion MRI with Semi-Automated Segmentation Can Serve as a Restricted Predictive Biomarker of the Therapeutic Response of Liver Metastasis. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:1267-1273. [PMID: 26284600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the value of semi-automated segmentation applied to diffusion MRI for predicting the therapeutic response of liver metastasis. METHODS Conventional diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using b-values of 0, 150, 300 and 450s/mm(2) at baseline and days 4, 11 and 39 following initiation of a new chemotherapy regimen in a pilot study with 18 women with 37 liver metastases from primary breast cancer. A semi-automated segmentation approach was used to identify liver metastases. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between baseline values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and change in tumor size by day 39. RESULTS A semi-automated segmentation scheme was critical for obtaining the most reliable ADC measurements. A statistically significant relationship between baseline ADC values and change in tumor size at day 39 was observed for minimally treated patients with metastatic liver lesions measuring 2-5cm in size (p=0.002), but not for heavily treated patients with the same tumor size range (p=0.29), or for tumors of smaller or larger sizes. ROC analysis identified a baseline threshold ADC value of 1.33μm(2)/ms as 75% sensitive and 83% specific for identifying non-responding metastases in minimally treated patients with 2-5cm liver lesions. CONCLUSION Quantitative imaging can substantially benefit from a semi-automated segmentation scheme. Quantitative diffusion MRI results can be predictive of therapeutic outcome in selected patients with liver metastases, but not for all liver metastases, and therefore should be considered to be a restricted biomarker.
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22
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Wahba MH, Morad MM. The role of diffusion-weighted MRI: In assessment of response to radiotherapy for prostate cancer. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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23
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Wang Y, Tseng JC, Sun Y, Beck AH, Kung AL. Noninvasive imaging of tumor burden and molecular pathways in mouse models of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:135-44. [PMID: 25646505 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in patients with cancer. Because macroscopic imaging is noninvasive and quantitative, the development of specialized instruments for small animals has spurred increasing utilization in preclinical cancer studies. Some small-animal imaging devices are miniaturized derivatives of clinical imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Optical imaging, including bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging, has evolved from microscopic cellular imaging technologies. Here, we review how current imaging modalities are enabling high-resolution structural imaging with micrometer-scale spatial resolution, thus allowing for the quantification of tumor burden in genetically engineered and orthotopic models of cancer, where tumors develop within organs not typically accessible to measurements with calipers. Beyond measuring tumor size, imaging is increasingly being used to assess the activity of molecular pathways within tumors and to reveal the pharmacodynamic efficacy of targeted therapies. Each imaging technology has particular strengths and limitations, and we discuss how studies should be carefully designed to match the imaging approach to the primary experimental question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jen-Chieh Tseng
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Yanping Sun
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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24
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Kobayashi H, Turkbey B, Watanabe R, Choyke PL. Cancer drug delivery: considerations in the rational design of nanosized bioconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2093-100. [PMID: 25385142 PMCID: PMC4275162 DOI: 10.1021/bc500481x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In
order to efficiently deliver anticancer agents to tumors, biocompatible
nanoparticles or bioconjugates, including antibody–drug conjugates
(ADCs), have recently been designed, synthesized, and tested, some
even in clinical trials. Controlled delivery can be enhanced by changing
specific design characteristics of the bioconjugate such as its size,
the nature of the payload, and the surface features. The delivery
of macromolecular drugs to cancers largely relies on the leaky nature
of the tumor vasculature compared with healthy vessels in normal organs.
When administered intravenously, macromolecular bioconjugates and
nanosized agents tend to circulate for prolonged times, unless they
are small enough to be excreted by the kidney or stealthy enough to
evade the macrophage phagocytic system (MPS), formerly the reticulo-endothelial
system (RES). Therefore, macromolecular bioconjugates and nanosized
agents with long circulation times leak preferentially into tumor
tissue through permeable tumor vessels and are then retained in the
tumor bed due to reduced lymphatic drainage. This process is known
as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However,
success of cancer drug delivery only relying on the EPR effect is
still limited. To cure cancer patients, further improvement of drug
delivery is required by both designing superior agents and enhancing
EPR effects. In this Review, we describe the basis of macromolecular
or nanosized bioconjugate delivery into cancer tissue and discuss
current diagnostic methods for evaluating leakiness of the tumor vasculature.
Then, we discuss methods to augment conventional “permeability
and retention” effects for macromolecular or nanosized bioconjugates
in cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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25
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Kaneko K, Yamaguchi H, Saito T, Yano T, Oono Y, Ikematsu H, Nomura S, Sato A, Kojima M, Esumi H, Ochiai A. Hypoxia imaging endoscopy equipped with laser light source from preclinical live animal study to first-in-human subject research. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99055. [PMID: 24915532 PMCID: PMC4051687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A goal in next-generation endoscopy is to develop functional imaging techniques to open up new opportunities for cancer diagnosis. Although spatial and temporal information on hypoxia is crucial for understanding cancer physiology and expected to be useful for cancer diagnosis, existing techniques using fluorescent indicators have limitations due to low spatial resolution and invasive administration. To overcome these problems, we developed an imaging technology based on hemoglobin oxygen saturation in both the tumor and surrounding mucosa using a laser endoscope system, and conducted the first human subject research for patients with aero-digestive tract cancer. The oxygen saturation map overlapped the images of cancerous lesions and indicated highly heterogeneous features of oxygen supply in the tumor. The hypoxic region of the tumor surface was found in both early cancer and cancer precursors. This technology illustrates a novel aspect of cancer biology as a potential biomarker and can be widely utilized in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Science and Technology for Endoscopy and Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Imaging Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saito
- Imaging Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Nomura
- Clinical Trial Section, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sato
- Clinical Trial Section, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Esumi
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Whisenant JG, Ayers GD, Loveless ME, Barnes SL, Colvin DC, Yankeelov TE. Assessing reproducibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:245-9. [PMID: 24433723 PMCID: PMC3939718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) as a surrogate biomarker of response in preclinical studies is increasing. However, before a biomarker can be reliably employed to assess treatment response, the reproducibility of the technique must be established. There is a paucity of literature that quantifies the reproducibility of DW-MRI in preclinical studies; thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate DW-MRI reproducibility in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test-Retest DW-MRI scans separated by approximately six hours were acquired from eleven athymic female mice with HER2+ xenografts using a pulsed gradient spin echo diffusion-weighted sequence with three b values [150, 500, and 800s/mm(2)]. Reproducibility was assessed for the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from tumor and muscle tissue regions. RESULTS The threshold to reflect a change in tumor physiology in a cohort of mice is defined by the 95% confidence interval (CI), which was±0.0972×10(-3)mm(2)/s (±11.8%) for mean tumor ADC. The repeatability coefficient defines this threshold for an individual mouse, which was±0.273×10(-3)mm(2)/s. The 95% CI and repeatability coefficient for mean ADC of muscle tissue were±0.0949×10(-3)mm(2)/s (±8.30%) and±0.266×10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mean ADC of tumors is reproducible and appropriate for detecting treatment-induced changes on both an individual and mouse cohort basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Whisenant
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675
| | - Mary E Loveless
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675
| | - Stephanie L Barnes
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675
| | - Daniel C Colvin
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675; Department of Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2675.
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27
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Zhang X, Pagel MD, Baker AF, Gillies RJ. Reproducibility of magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89797. [PMID: 24587040 PMCID: PMC3934952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic MR biomarkers (T2*-weighted or susceptibility-based and T1-weighted or relaxivity-enhanced) have been applied to assess tumor perfusion and its response to therapies. A significant challenge in the development of reliable biomarkers is a rigorous assessment and optimization of reproducibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the measurement reproducibility of T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI with two contrast agents (CA) of different molecular weight (MW): gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA, 0.5 kDa) and Gadomelitol (P792, 6.5 kDa). Each contrast agent was tested with eight mice that had subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 breast xenograft tumors. Each mouse was imaged with a combined DSC-DCE protocol three times within one week to achieve measures of reproducibility. DSC-MRI results were evaluated with a contrast to noise ratio (CNR) efficiency threshold. There was a clear signal drop (>95% probability threshold) in the DSC of normal tissue, while signal changes were minimal or non-existent (<95% probability threshold) in tumors. Mean within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV) of relative blood volume (rBV) in normal tissue was 11.78% for Gd-DTPA and 6.64% for P792. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of rBV in normal tissue was 0.940 for Gd-DTPA and 0.978 for P792. The inter-subject correlation coefficient was 0.092. Calculated Ktrans from DCE-MRI showed comparable reproducibility (mean wCV, 5.13% for Gd-DTPA, 8.06% for P792). ICC of Ktrans showed high intra-subject reproducibility (ICC = 0.999/0.995) and inter-subject heterogeneity (ICC = 0.774). Histograms of Ktrans distributions for three measurements had high degrees of overlap (sum of difference of the normalized histograms <0.01). These results represent homogeneous intra-subject measurement and heterogeneous inter-subject character of biological population, suggesting that perfusion MRI could be an imaging biomarker to monitor or predict response of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark D. Pagel
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Amanda F. Baker
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Hematology/Oncology Section, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Diffusion MRI and novel texture analysis in osteosarcoma xenotransplants predicts response to anti-checkpoint therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82875. [PMID: 24358232 PMCID: PMC3865096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of targeted drugs have been employed to treat sarcomas, however, response rates have not improved notably, therefore emphasizing the need for novel treatments. In addition, imaging approaches to assess therapeutic response is lacking, as currently measurable indices, such as volume and/or diameter, do not accurately correlate with changes in tumor biology. In this study, quantitative and profound analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were developed to evaluate these as imaging biomarkers for MK1775 and Gem in an osteosarcoma xenotransplant model at early time-points following treatment. Notably, we showed that Gem and Gem+MK1775 groups had significantly inhibited tumor growth by day 4, which was presaged by elevations in mean ADC by 24 hours post treatment. Significant differences were also observed at later time points for the Gem+MK1775 combination and MK1775 therapy. ADC distribution and entropy (randomness of ADC values) were also elevated by 24 hours following therapy. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that these treatment-related increases in ADC correlated with apoptosis and observed cell condensations (dense- and exploded bodies). These findings underline the role of ADC as a quantitative imaging biomarker for therapy-induced response and show promising clinical relevance in the sarcoma patient population.
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Kobayashi H, Watanabe R, Choyke PL. Improving conventional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects; what is the appropriate target? Am J Cancer Res 2013; 4:81-9. [PMID: 24396516 PMCID: PMC3881228 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized therapeutic agents have several advantages over low molecular weight agents such as a larger loading capacity, the ability to protect the payload until delivery, more specific targeting due to multivalency and the opportunity for controlled/sustained release. However, the delivery of nano-sized agents into cancer tissue is problematic because it mostly relies on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect that depends on the leaky nature of the tumor vasculature and the prolonged circulation of nano-sized agents, allowing slow but uneven accumulation in the tumor bed. Delivery of nano-sized agents is dependent on several factors that influence the EPR effect; 1. Regional blood flow to the tumor, 2. Permeability of the tumor vasculature, 3. Structural barriers imposed by perivascular tumor cells and extracellular matrix, 4. Intratumoral pressure. In this review, these factors will be described and methods to enhance nano-agent delivery will be reviewed.
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Karroum O, Mignion L, Kengen J, Karmani L, Levêque P, Danhier P, Magat J, Bol A, Labar D, Grégoire V, Bouzin C, Feron O, Gallez B, Jordan BF. Multimodal imaging of tumor response to sorafenib combined with radiation therapy: comparison between diffusion-weighted MRI, choline spectroscopy and 18F-FLT PET imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:274-80. [PMID: 23606431 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the value of different imaging modalities, that is, magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET), to assess early tumor response to sorafenib with or without radiotherapy. Diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, choline (1)H MRS at 11.7 T, and (18)F-FLT PET imaging were used to image fibrosarcoma (FSaII) tumor-bearing mice over time. The imaging markers were compared with apoptosis cell death and cell proliferation measurements assessed by histology. Anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib were evidenced by (1)H MRS and (18)F-FLT PET after 2 days of treatment with sorafenib, with no additional effect of the combination with radiation therapy, results that are in agreement with Ki67 staining. Apparent diffusion coefficient calculated using DW-MRI was not modified after 2 days of treatment with sorafenib, but showed significant increase 24 h after 2 days of sorafenib treatment combined with consecutive irradiation. The three imaging markers were able to show early tumor response as soon as 24 h after treatment initiation, with choline MRS and (18)F-FLT being sensitive to sorafenib in monotherapy as well as in combined therapy with irradiation, whereas DW-MRI was only sensitive to the combination of sorafenib with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Karroum
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, Avenue Mounier 73, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Beloueche-Babari M, Jamin Y, Arunan V, Walker-Samuel S, Revill M, Smith PD, Halliday J, Waterton JC, Barjat H, Workman P, Leach MO, Robinson SP. Acute tumour response to the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) evaluated by non-invasive diffusion-weighted MRI. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1562-9. [PMID: 23942066 PMCID: PMC3776979 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive imaging biomarkers underpin the development of molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs. This study evaluates tumour apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), as a biomarker of response to the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) in human tumour xenografts. METHODS Nude mice bearing human BRAF(V600D) WM266.4 melanoma or BRAF(V600E) Colo205 colon carcinoma xenografts were treated for 4 days with vehicle or selumetinib. DW-MRI was performed before and 2 h after the last dose and excised tumours analysed for levels of phospho-ERK1/2, cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) and necrosis. RESULTS Selumetinib treatment induced tumour stasis and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both WM266.4 and Colo205 tumour xenografts. Relative to day 0, mean tumour ADC was unchanged in the control groups but was significantly increased by up to 1.6-fold in selumetinib-treated WM266.4 and Colo205 tumours. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in necrosis in selumetinib-treated WM266.4 and Colo205 xenografts and CC3 staining in selumetinib-treated Colo205 tumours relative to controls. CONCLUSION Changes in ADC following treatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib in responsive human tumour xenografts were concomitant with induction of tumour cell death. ADC may provide a useful non-invasive pharmacodynamic biomarker for early clinical assessment of response to selumetinib and other MEK-ERK1/2 signalling-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beloueche-Babari
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Y Jamin
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - V Arunan
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - S Walker-Samuel
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - M Revill
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - P D Smith
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - J Halliday
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - J C Waterton
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - H Barjat
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - P Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - M O Leach
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - S P Robinson
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Stephen RM, Pagel MD, Brown K, Baker AF, Meuillet EJ, Gillies RJ. Monitoring the development of xenograft triple-negative breast cancer models using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 237:1273-80. [PMID: 23239438 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluations of tumor growth rates and molecular biomarkers are traditionally used to assess new mouse models of human breast cancers. This study investigated the utility of diffusion weighted (DW)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating cellular proliferation of new tumor models of triple-negative breast cancer, which may augment traditional analysis methods. Eleven human breast cancer cell lines were used to develop xenograft tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice, with two of these cell lines exhibiting sufficient growth to be serially passaged. DW-MRI was performed to measure the distributions of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in these two tumor xenograft models, which showed a correlation with tumor growth rates and doubling times during each passage. The distributions of the ADC values were also correlated with expression of Ki67, a biomarker of cell proliferation, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), which are essential proteins involved in regulating aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis that support tumor cell proliferation. Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) levels were different between the two xenograft models, AKT levels did not differ nor did they correlate with tumor growth. This last result demonstrates the complexity of signaling protein pathways and the difficulty in interpreting the effects of protein expression on tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, DW-MRI may be a more direct assessment of tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu M Stephen
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Bokacheva L, Kotedia K, Reese M, Ricketts SA, Halliday J, Le CH, Koutcher JA, Carlin S. Response of HT29 colorectal xenograft model to cediranib assessed with 18 F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography, dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:151-163. [PMID: 22777834 PMCID: PMC3524412 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cediranib is a small-molecule pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor. The tumor response to short-term cediranib treatment was studied using dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI at 7 T, as well as (18) F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography and histological markers. Rats bearing subcutaneous HT29 human colorectal tumors were imaged at baseline; they then received three doses of cediranib (3 mg/kg per dose daily) or vehicle (dosed daily), with follow-up imaging performed 2 h after the final cediranib or vehicle dose. Tumors were excised and evaluated for the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342, the endothelial cell marker CD31, smooth muscle actin, intercapillary distance and tumor necrosis. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-derived parameters decreased significantly in cediranib-treated tumors relative to pretreatment values [the muscle-normalized initial area under the gadolinium concentration curve decreased by 48% (p=0.002), the enhancing fraction by 43% (p=0.003) and K(trans) by 57% (p=0.003)], but remained unchanged in controls. No change between the pre- and post-treatment tumor apparent diffusion coefficients in either the cediranib- or vehicle-treated group was observed over the course of this study. The (18) F-fluoromisonidazole mean standardized uptake value decreased by 33% (p=0.008) in the cediranib group, but showed no significant change in the control group. Histological analysis showed that the number of CD31-positive vessels (59 per mm(2) ), the fraction of smooth muscle actin-positive vessels (80-87%) and the intercapillary distance (0.17 mm) were similar in cediranib- and vehicle-treated groups. The fraction of perfused blood vessels in cediranib-treated tumors (81 ± 7%) was lower than that in vehicle controls (91 ± 3%, p=0.02). The necrotic fraction was slightly higher in cediranib-treated rats (34 ± 12%) than in controls (26 ± 10%, p=0.23). These findings suggest that short-term treatment with cediranib causes a decrease in tumor perfusion/permeability across the tumor cross-section, but changes in vascular morphology, vessel density or tumor cellularity are not manifested at this early time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Bokacheva
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khushali Kotedia
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Reese
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jane Halliday
- Department of Imaging, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Carl H. Le
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason A. Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Selective inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α ameliorates adipose tissue dysfunction. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 33:904-17. [PMID: 23249949 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00951-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) induction in adipocytes is a critical component of the "fibrotic response," directly linked to metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissues under hypoxic conditions. We reasoned that inhibition of HIF1α may ameliorate the negative aspects of the obesity-associated fat pad expansion. We used the selective HIF1α inhibitor PX-478, whose effectiveness has previously been established in tumor models. We demonstrate that PX-478 treatment effectively suppresses the high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced HIF1α activation in adipose tissue. HIF1α inhibition causes a reduction of weight gain in mice on an HFD but not on a chow diet. Treatment increases energy expenditure and prompts resistance to HFD-mediated deterioration of metabolic parameters. Moreover, PX-478-treated mice have reduced fibrosis and fewer inflammatory infiltrates in their adipose tissues. We confirm the metabolic effects obtained with PX-478 treatment using an adipose tissue-specific, doxycycline-inducible dominant negative HIF1α mutant (dn-HIF1α). Consistent with the pharmacological results, genetic inhibition of endogenous HIF1α activity prompts similar metabolic improvements in HFD-fed mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HIF1α inhibition in the adipocyte leads to significant metabolic improvements, suggesting that selective HIF1α inhibition in adipose tissue may be an effective therapeutic avenue in the context of metabolic dysfunction.
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Imaging biomarkers to monitor response to the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 in the MiaPaCa2 flank xenograft model. Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 30:1002-9. [PMID: 22554971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TH-302, a hypoxia-activated anticancer prodrug, was evaluated for antitumor activity and changes in dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. TH-302 monotherapy resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated controls. TH-302 treatment was also associated with a significant decrease in the volume transfer constant (K(trans)) compared to vehicle-treated controls 1 day following the first dose measured using DCE-MRI. This early decrease in K(trans) following the first dose as measured is consistent with selective killing of the hypoxic fraction of cells which are associated with enhanced expression of hypoxia inducible transcription factor-1 alpha that regulates expression of permeability and perfusion factors including vascular endothelial growth factor-A. No changes were observed in DW-MRI following treatment with TH-302, which may indicate that this technique is not sensitive enough to detect changes in small hypoxic fractions of the tumor targeted by TH-302. These results suggest that changes in tumor permeability and/or perfusion may be an early imaging biomarker for response to TH-302 therapy.
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Jones DT, Harris AL. Small-molecule inhibitors of the HIF pathway and synthetic lethal interactions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:463-80. [PMID: 22512262 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.674516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activation of the hypoxia response pathway is a feature of many tumours and is one of the key mechanisms associated with tumour growth, chemoresistance and radioresistance. The major component of the hypoxia response pathway is the heterodimeric transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is upregulated in many human cancers. Therefore, HIF is an attractive therapeutic target and several strategies have been developed to target it. AREAS COVERED Approaches used in targeting the hypoxia response pathway are discussed. Reviewed are agents that target upstream, directly and downstream of HIF, as well as some of the challenges in HIF-targeted therapy. EXPERT OPINION Many of the therapeutic agents that are in clinical use inhibit downstream HIF target genes, but ideally a molecule specific to HIF will have a more potent effect in inhibiting multiple HIF pathways. However, many anti-HIF molecules have multiple targets, which may increase non-specific cytotoxicity. In addition, many anti-HIF agents cannot discriminate between the different isoforms of HIF-α. So, it is important to assess whether targeting both HIF-1α and HIF-2α or each subunit selectively will provide better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Jones
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Growth Factor Group , Headington, Oxford , UK
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Baker LCJ, Boult JKR, Walker-Samuel S, Chung YL, Jamin Y, Ashcroft M, Robinson SP. The HIF-pathway inhibitor NSC-134754 induces metabolic changes and anti-tumour activity while maintaining vascular function. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1638-47. [PMID: 22498643 PMCID: PMC3349173 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates the transcriptional response to hypoxic stress, promoting tumour progression and survival. This study investigated the acute effects of the small-molecule HIF-pathway inhibitor NSC-134754. Methods: Human PC-3LN5 prostate cancer cells were treated with NSC-134754 for 24 h in hypoxia. Orthotopic prostate tumour-bearing mice were treated with a single dose of NSC-134754 for 6, 24 or 48 h. Treatment response was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Ex-vivo histological validation of imaging findings was also sought. Results: In vitro, NSC-134754 significantly reduced lactate production and glucose uptake (P<0.05), while significantly increasing intracellular glucose (P<0.01) and glutamine uptake/metabolism (P<0.05). Increased glutamine metabolism was independent of c-Myc, a factor also downregulated by NSC-134754. In vivo, a significantly higher tumour apparent diffusion coefficient was determined 24 h post-treatment (P<0.05), with significantly higher tumour necrosis after 48 h (P<0.05). NSC-134754-treated tumours revealed lower expression of HIF-1α and glucose transporter-1, at 6 and 24 h respectively, while a transient increase in tumour hypoxia was observed after 24 h. Vessel perfusion/flow and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were unchanged with treatment. Conclusion: NSC-134754 induces metabolic alterations in vitro and early anti-tumour activity in vivo, independent of changes in vascular function. Our data support the further evaluation of NSC-134754 as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C J Baker
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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Figueiras RG, Padhani AR, Goh VJ, Vilanova JC, González SB, Martín CV, Caamaño AG, Naveira AB, Choyke PL. Novel oncologic drugs: what they do and how they affect images. Radiographics 2012; 31:2059-91. [PMID: 22084189 DOI: 10.1148/rg.317115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies are designed to interfere with specific aberrant biologic pathways involved in tumor development. The main classes of novel oncologic drugs include antiangiogenic drugs, antivascular agents, drugs interfering with EGFR-HER2 or KIT receptors, inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and hormonal therapies. Cancer cells usurp normal signal transduction pathways used by growth factors to stimulate proliferation and sustain viability. The interaction of growth factors with their receptors activates different intracellular pathways affecting key tumor biologic processes such as neoangiogenesis, tumor metabolism, and tumor proliferation. The response of tumors to anticancer therapy can be evaluated with anatomic response assessment, qualitative response assessment, and response assessment with functional and molecular imaging. Angiogenesis can be measured by means of perfusion imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging allows imaging evaluation of tumor cellularity. The main imaging techniques for studying tumor metabolism in vivo are positron emission tomography and MR spectroscopy. Familiarity with imaging findings secondary to tumor response to targeted therapies may help the radiologist better assist the clinician in accurate evaluation of tumor response to these anticancer treatments. Functional and molecular imaging techniques may provide valuable data and augment conventional assessment of tumor response to targeted therapies. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.317115108/-/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García Figueiras
- Department of Radiology, Grupo de Imagen Molecular, Fundación IDICHUS/IDIS, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Choupana s/n, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Quelle place pour l’imagerie fonctionnelle en 2012 dans le suivi des traitements antiantigiogéniques ? ONCOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-012-2146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Radermacher KA, Magat J, Bouzin C, Laurent S, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Boutry S, Mahieu I, Vander Elst L, Feron O, Muller RN, Jordan BF, Gallez B. Multimodal assessment of early tumor response to chemotherapy: comparison between diffusion-weighted MRI, 1H-MR spectroscopy of choline and USPIO particles targeted at cell death. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:514-522. [PMID: 21874657 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the value of different magnetic resonance (MR) protocols to assess early tumor response to chemotherapy. We used a murine tumor model (TLT) presenting different degrees of response to three different cytotoxic agents. As shown in survival curves, cyclophosphamide (CP) was the most efficient drug followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), whereas the etoposide treatment had little impact on TLT tumors. Three different MR protocols were used at 9.4 Tesla 24 h post-treatment: diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, choline measurement by (1) H MRS, and contrast-enhanced MRI using ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) targeted at phosphatidylserine. Accumulation of contrast agent in apoptotic tumors was monitored by T(2) -weighted images and quantified by EPR spectroscopy. Necrosis and apoptosis were assessed by histology. Large variations were observed in the measurement of choline peak areas and could not be directly correlated to tumor response. Although the targeted USPIO particles were able to significantly differentiate between the efficiency of each cytotoxic agent and best correlated with survival endpoint, they present the main disadvantage of non-specific tumor accumulation, which could be problematic when transferring the method to the clinic. DW-MRI presents a better compromise by combining longitudinal studies with a high dynamic range; however, DW-MRI was unable to show any significant effect for 5-FU. This study illustrates the need for multimodal imaging in assessing tumor response to treatment to compensate for individual limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Radermacher
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Li SP, Padhani AR. Tumor response assessments with diffusion and perfusion MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 35:745-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Suh JY, Cho G, Song Y, Lee CK, Kang JS, Kang MR, Park SB, Kim YR, Kim JK. Is apparent diffusion coefficient reliable and accurate for monitoring effects of antiangiogenic treatment in a longitudinal study? J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 35:1430-6. [PMID: 22314928 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for monitoring antiangiogenic treatment in a longitudinal study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor volume and ADC were monitored by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI, respectively, in 18 mice with angiogenesis-dependent tumors (U118MG) before (day 0) and after 2, 7, 14, and 21 days of administration of the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib maleate (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 6). Percent changes in tumor volume and ADC were calculated and correlations between tumor volume and ADC were evaluated. RESULTS Tumor volume and ADC showed a negative correlation at 69 of the 72 (96%) follow-up measurements. In the 13 mice with tumor regrowth, ADC started to decrease before (27%) or at the same time (73%) as tumor regrowth. Pretreatment ADC and percent change in ADC change on days 0-2 were similar in mice with positive and negative responses to treatment (0.851 vs. 0.999, 24% vs. 16%). Percent change of ADC showed significant negative correlation with percent change in tumor volume in both the control (r = -0.69) and treated (r = -0.65) groups. CONCLUSION Percent change in ADC is a reliable and accurate marker for monitoring the effects of antiangiogenic treatment, whereas pretreatment ADC and early changes in ADC (ie, days 0-2) are limited in predicting treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Suh
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Korea
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Babsky AM, Ju S, Bennett S, George B, McLennan G, Bansal N. Effect of implantation site and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma on apparent diffusion coefficient of water and sodium MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:312-321. [PMID: 21823182 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases are an increasing problem worldwide. Non-invasive methods for the early detection of HCC and understanding of the tumor growth mechanisms are highly desirable. Both the diffusion-weighted (1)H (DWI) and (23)Na MRI reflect alterations in tissue compartment volumes in tumors, as well as physiological and metabolic transformation in cells. Effects of untreated growth on apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC), single quantum (SQ) and triple quantum-filtered (TQF) (23)Na MRI were compared in intrahepatically and subcutaneously implanted HCCs in rats. Animals were examined weekly for 4 weeks after injection of N1S1 cells. ADC of intrahepatic HCC was 1.5-times higher compared to the nearby liver tissue, and with growth, the ADC did not increase. ADC of subcutaneous HCC was lower compared to intrahepatic HCC and it increased with growth. Untreated growth of both intrahepatic and subcutaneous HCCs was associated with an increase in SQ and TQF (23)Na signal intensity suggesting an increase in tissue Na(+) and intracellular Na(+) (Na(+)(i)), respectively, most likely due to an increase in relative extracellular space and Na(+)(i) concentration as a result of changes in tissue structure and cellular metabolism. Thus, SQ and TQF (23)Na MRI may be complementary to diffusion imaging in areas susceptible to motion for characterizing hepatic tumors and for other applications, such as, predicting and monitoring therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy M Babsky
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA.
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Tunariu N, Kaye SB, Desouza NM. Functional imaging: what evidence is there for its utility in clinical trials of targeted therapies? Br J Cancer 2012; 106:619-28. [PMID: 22281664 PMCID: PMC3322943 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Key issues in early clinical trials of targeted agents include the determination of target inhibition, rational patient selection based on pre-treatment tumour characteristics, and assessment of tumour response in the absence of actual shrinkage. There is accumulating evidence that functional imaging using advanced techniques such as dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DCE-computerised tomography (CT) and DCE-ultrasound, diffusion weighted-MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography-CT using various labelled radioactive tracers has the potential to address all three. This article reviews this evidence with examples from trials using targeted agents with established clinical efficacy and summarises the clinical utility of the various techniques. We therefore recommend that input from specialist radiologists is sought at the early stages of trial design, in order to ensure that functional imaging is incorporated appropriately for the agent under study. There is an urgent need to strengthen the evidence base for these techniques as they evolve, and to ensure standardisation of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tunariu
- Section of Clinical Magnetic Resonance, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK.
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Padhani AR, Koh DM, Collins DJ. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MR imaging in cancer: current status and research directions. Radiology 2012; 261:700-18. [PMID: 22095994 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is emerging as a powerful clinical tool for directing the care of patients with cancer. Whole-body DW imaging is almost at the stage where it can enter widespread clinical investigations, because the technology is stable and protocols can be implemented for the majority of modern MR imaging systems. There is a continued need for further improvements in data acquisition and analysis and in display technologies. Priority areas for clinical research include clarification of histologic relationships between tissues of interest and DW MR imaging biomarkers at diagnosis and during therapy response. Because whole-body DW imaging excels at bone marrow assessments at diagnosis and for therapy response, it can potentially address a number of unmet clinical and pharmaceutical requirements. There are compelling needs to document and understand how common and novel treatments affect whole-body DW imaging results and to establish response criteria that can be tested in prospective clinical studies that incorporate measures of patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar R Padhani
- Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, England.
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Heijmen L, Verstappen MCHM, Ter Voert EEGW, Punt CJA, Oyen WJG, de Geus-Oei LF, Hermans JJ, Heerschap A, van Laarhoven HWM. Tumour response prediction by diffusion-weighted MR imaging: ready for clinical use? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 83:194-207. [PMID: 22269446 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of anticancer therapy is usually evaluated by anatomical imaging. However, this method may be suboptimal for the evaluation of novel treatment modalities, such as targeted therapy. Theoretically, functional assessment of tumour response by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is an attractive tool for this purpose and may allow an early prediction of response. The optimal use of this method has still to be determined. METHOD We reviewed the published literature on clinical DWI in the prediction of response to anticancer therapy, especially targeted therapy. Studies investigating the role of DWI in patients with cancer either for response prediction and/or response monitoring were selected for this analysis. RESULTS We identified 24 studies that met our criteria. Most studies showed a significant correlation between (changes in) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and treatment response. However, in different tumours and studies, both high and low pretreatment ADC were found to be associated with response rate. In the course of treatment, an increase in ADC was associated with response in most cases. CONCLUSION The potential of DWI for (early) response monitoring of anticancer therapies has been demonstrated. However, validation is hampered by the lack of reproducibility and standardisation. We recommend that these issues should be properly addressed prior to further testing the clinical use of DWI in the assessment of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Heijmen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bailey KM, Wojtkowiak JW, Hashim AI, Gillies RJ. Targeting the metabolic microenvironment of tumors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 65:63-107. [PMID: 22959024 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397927-8.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation of aerobic glycolysis by tumor cells in 1924 by Otto Warburg, and subsequent innovation of imaging glucose uptake by tumors in patients with PET-CT, has incited a renewed interest in the altered metabolism of tumors. As tumors grow in situ, a fraction of it is further away from their blood supply, leading to decreased oxygen concentrations (hypoxia), which induces the hypoxia response pathways of HIF1α, mTOR, and UPR. In normal tissues, these responses mitigate hypoxic stress and induce neoangiogenesis. In tumors, these pathways are dysregulated and lead to decreased perfusion and exacerbation of hypoxia as a result of immature and chaotic blood vessels. Hypoxia selects for a glycolytic phenotype and resultant acidification of the tumor microenvironment, facilitated by upregulation of proton transporters. Acidification selects for enhanced metastatic potential and reduced drug efficacy through ion trapping. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical drugs under development for targeting aerobic glycolysis, acidosis, hypoxia and hypoxia response pathways. Hypoxia and acidosis can be manipulated, providing further therapeutic benefit for cancers that feature these common phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Bailey
- Department of Imaging and Metabolism, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Li KA, Zhang RM, Zhang F, Zhao JL, Li YJ, Wang XF, Zheng LF, Hu YS, Zhang GX. Studies of pathology and VEGF expression in rabbit cerebrospinal fluid metastasis: application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 29:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Early evaluation of cancer response by a new functional biomarker: apparent diffusion coefficient. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197:W23-9. [PMID: 21700991 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.10.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) might be used as a universal biomarker for response evaluation in different tumors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with lung cancer, 12 patients with esophageal cancer, 19 patients with liver metastases, 24 patients with gastric cancer, and 26 patients with rectal cancer were recruited to the study. Percentage changes in the ADC and changes in the size of responding and nonresponding lesions of different tumors after treatment were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS There was no significant difference among the percentage ADC changes of different tumors (F = 1.57; p = 0.192). Clear differences were seen in the percentage ADC changes between responding and nonresponding tumors (F = 21.62; p < 0.001), which were significant at every time point after the start of treatment (early time point, F = 19.75 and p < 0.001; middle time point, F = 11.23 and p = 0.001; and later time point, F = 15.98 and p < 0.001). The percentage size changes after treatment between responding and nonresponding tumors were significantly different (F = 19.38; p < 0.001). However, at the early time point after treatment, the difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.02; p = 0.894). CONCLUSION The ADC changes correlated with treatment response in five types of body tumor but were independent of the tumor's location. Early increases in ADC during treatment indicate good response to treatment. ADC change is a promising biomarker for detecting therapeutic responses at an early stage that could be widely used.
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Hatzikirou H, Chauviere A, Bauer AL, Leier A, Lewis MT, Macklin P, Marquez-Lago TT, Bearer EL, Cristini V. Integrative physical oncology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 4:1-14. [PMID: 21853537 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is arguably the ultimate complex biological system. Solid tumors are microstructured soft matter that evolves as a consequence of spatio-temporal events at the intracellular (e.g., signaling pathways, macromolecular trafficking), intercellular (e.g., cell-cell adhesion/communication), and tissue (e.g., cell-extracellular matrix interactions, mechanical forces) scales. To gain insight, tumor and developmental biologists have gathered a wealth of molecular, cellular, and genetic data, including immunohistochemical measurements of cell type-specific division and death rates, lineage tracing, and gain-of-function/loss-of-function mutational analyses. These data are empirically extrapolated to a diagnosis/prognosis of tissue-scale behavior, e.g., for clinical decision. Integrative physical oncology (IPO) is the science that develops physically consistent mathematical approaches to address the significant challenge of bridging the nano (nm)-micro (µm) to macro (mm, cm) scales with respect to tumor development and progression. In the current literature, such approaches are referred to as multiscale modeling. In the present article, we attempt to assess recent modeling approaches on each separate scale and critically evaluate the current 'hybrid-multiscale' models used to investigate tumor growth in the context of brain and breast cancers. Finally, we provide our perspective on the further development and the impact of IPO.
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