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Antonisamy AJ, Rajendran K, Dhanaraj P. Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking of fucoidan against oral cancer and in vitro evaluation- A study using GEO datasets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38385359 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a widespread health concern in rural India due to a lack of awareness, delayed diagnosis and limited access to affordable treatment options. The current chemotherapy has notable side effects, underscoring the need for new drug candidates with improved bioavailability and specificity. In this current research, fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, was extracted from the brown algae Spatoglossum asperum, and shown to be cytotoxic in vitro against oral cancer cells (KB cell line) at an IC50 of 107.76 µg/ml, suggesting its potential as a drug candidate. This study further aimed to explore the potential therapeutic implications of fucoidan in managing oral cancer using network pharmacology. PharmMapper, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and SuperPred were initially used to identify fucoidan protein targets. The identified targets were further screened against Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE23558, GSE25099 and GSE146483), OMIM, TCGA and GeneCards datasets to identify oral cancer-specific protein targets. The interactions between the selected proteins were visualised using STRING and Cytoscape. Subsequently, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of candidate targets. The cancer-related network was assessed using CancerGeneNet, while life expectancy based on the expression of the top 10 CytoHubba ranked hub genes was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots. Finally, EGFR, AKT1, HSP90AA1 and SRC were selected for docking and molecular dynamics simulation with fucoidan, using Maestro and GROMACS, respectively.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Jayanthi Antonisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Premnath Dhanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Bio sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Effects of DSPP and MMP20 Silencing on Adhesion, Metastasis, Angiogenesis, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134734. [PMID: 32630820 PMCID: PMC7370022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports highlight the potential tumorigenic role of Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and its cognate partner Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). However, the function/mechanism of these roles is yet to be fully established. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of DSPP and MMP20 silencing on specific proteins involved in oral cancer cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Stable lines of DSPP/MMP20 silenced OSCC cell line (OSC2), previously established via lentiviral-mediated shRNA transduction, were analyzed for the effects of DSPP, MMP20, and combined DSPP–MMP20 silencing on MMP2, MMP9, integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6, VEGF, Kallikerin- 4,-5,-8,-10, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, met, src, snail, and Twist by Western blot. Results show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the expression of MMP2, MMP9, integrin αvβ3, αvβ6, VEGF, Kallikerins -4, -5, -8, -10, N-cadherin, vimentin met, src, snail and twist following DSPP and MMP20 silencing, individually and in combination. On the other hand, the expression of E-cadherin was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the tumorigenic effect of DSPP and MMP20 on OSC2 cells is mediated via the upregulation of the genes involved in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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3
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Chen SW, Chou CT, Chang CC, Li YJ, Chen ST, Lin IC, Kok SH, Cheng SJ, Lee JJ, Wu TS, Kuo ML, Lin BR. HMGCS2 enhances invasion and metastasis via direct interaction with PPARα to activate Src signaling in colorectal cancer and oral cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22460-22476. [PMID: 27816970 PMCID: PMC5410236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2) is the rate-limiting enzyme of ketogenesis. Growing evidence indicates that HMGCS2 may be involved in cancer progression, but its exact role is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that HMGCS2 mRNA expression is associated with poor clinical prognosis and outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In vitro, ectopic expression of HMGCS2 enhanced cancer cell motility in a ketogenesis-independent manner. Moreover, HMGCS2 promoted Src activity by directly binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a transcriptional activator of Src. Taken together, these results suggest that HMGCS2 may serve as a useful prognostic marker and vital target for future therapeutic strategies against advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Ju Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ta Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Lin
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Heng Kok
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jaer Lee
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Sheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Chen SY, Liu GH, Chao WY, Shi CS, Lin CY, Lim YP, Lu CH, Lai PY, Chen HR, Lee YR. Piperlongumine Suppresses Proliferation of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E616. [PMID: 27120594 PMCID: PMC4849064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an aggressive cancer originating in the oral cavity, is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in males worldwide. This study investigated the antitumor activity and mechanisms of piperlongumine (PL), a natural compound isolated from Piper longum L., in human OSCC cells. The effects of PL on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in human OSCC cells were investigated. PL effectively inhibited cell growth, caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis and senescence in OSCC cells. Moreover, PL-mediated anti-human OSCC behavior was inhibited by an ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment, suggesting that regulation of ROS was involved in the mechanism of the anticancer activity of PL. These findings suggest that PL suppresses tumor growth by regulating the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis and senescence and is a potential chemotherapy agent for human OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Geng-Hung Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ying Chao
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City 736, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Chiayi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Yeh Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City 736, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
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5
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Chen JYF, Hour TC, Yang SF, Chien CY, Chen HR, Tsai KL, Ko JY, Wang LF. Autophagy is deficient in nasal polyps: implications for the pathogenesis of the disease. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 5:119-23. [PMID: 25533020 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis is characterized by persistent inflammation but the pathogenesis is complex and still debatable. Autophagy has been associated with many human health problems including chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Whether autophagy plays a role in nasal polyps and could be a therapeutic target is completely unknown. METHODS We studied light chain 3 (LC3) protein expression, a common indication of autophagy, in fresh tissue specimens of 5 nasal polyps and 6 normal nasal mucosa by Western blot analysis. The results were also confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using additional 25 paraffin-embedded nasal tissue sections. Finally the autophagic activity was validated in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts by evaluating the number of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled LC3 puncta. RESULTS The expression of LC3 was dramatically decreased in all 5 nasal polyp tissues. In contrast, protein kinase B-mechanistic target of rapamycin (Akt-mTOR) signaling, an established negative regulator of autophagy, was significantly activated in these tissues. Immunohistochemical results further demonstrated a negative correlation between autophagy and nasal polyps (p < 0.05). GFP-LC3 puncta formation, an alternative indicator of autophagy, was also diminished in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Autophagy is deficient presumably due to suppression by high Akt-mTOR activity in nasal polyps, which may provide a molecular basis for future mechanistic study of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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6
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Chang MC, Chen YJ, Chang HH, Chan CP, Yeh CY, Wang YL, Cheng RH, Hahn LJ, Jeng JH. Areca nut components affect COX-2, cyclin B1/cdc25C and keratin expression, PGE2 production in keratinocyte is related to reactive oxygen species, CYP1A1, Src, EGFR and Ras signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101959. [PMID: 25051199 PMCID: PMC4106785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chewing of betel quid (BQ) increases the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), possibly by BQ-induced toxicity and induction of inflammatory response in oral mucosa. METHODS Primary gingival keratinocytes (GK cells) were exposed to areca nut (AN) components with/without inhibitors. Cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl- thiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. mRNA and protein expression was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. PGE2/PGF2α production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Areca nut extract (ANE) stimulated PGE2/PGF2α production, and upregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), but inhibited expression of keratin 5/14, cyclinB1 and cdc25C in GK cells. ANE also activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Src and Ras signaling pathways. ANE-induced COX-2, keratin 5, keratin 14 and cdc25C expression as well as PGE2 production were differentially regulated by α-naphthoflavone (a CYP 1A1/1A2 inhibitor), PD153035 (EGFR inhibitor), pp2 (Src inhibitor), and manumycin A (a Ras inhibitor). ANE-induced PGE2 production was suppressed by piper betle leaf (PBL) extract and hydroxychavicol (two major BQ components), dicoumarol (a NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase--NQO1 inhibitor) and curcumin. ANE-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by catalase and enhanced by dicoumarol, suggesting that AN components may contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF and oral cancer via induction of aberrant differentiation, cytotoxicity, COX-2 expression, and PGE2/PGF2α production. CONCLUSIONS CYP4501A1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), EGFR, Src and Ras signaling pathways could all play a role in ANE-induced pathogenesis of oral cancer. Addition of PBL into BQ and curcumin consumption could inhibit the ANE-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Team of Biomedical Science, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital; and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital; and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yang Yeh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital; and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital; and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsiu Cheng
- Team of Biomedical Science, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jiunn Hahn
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital; and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital; and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Kalakonda S, Nallar SC, Lindner DJ, Sun P, Lorenz RR, Lamarre E, Reddy SP, Kalvakolanu DV. GRIM-19 mutations fail to inhibit v-Src-induced oncogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3195-204. [PMID: 23851499 PMCID: PMC3916943 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is a major player in multiple physiological responses including growth, survival and differentiation. Overexpression and/or oncogenic mutation in the Src gene have been documented in human tumors. The v-Src protein is an oncogenic mutant of Src, which promotes cell survival, migration, invasion and division. GRIM-19 is an anti-oncogene isolated using a genome-wide knockdown screen. GRIM-19 binds to transcription factor STAT3 and ablates its pro-oncogenic effects while v-Src activates STAT3 to promote its oncogenic effects. However, we found that GRIM-19 inhibits the pro-oncogenic effects of v-Src independently of STAT3. Here, we report the identification of functionally inactivating GRIM-19 mutations in a set of Head and Neck cancer patients. While wild-type GRIM-19 strongly ablated v-Src-induced cell migration, cytoskeletal remodeling and tumor metastasis, the tumor-derived mutants (L71P, L91P and A95T) did not. These mutants were also incapable of inhibiting the drug resistance of v-Src-transformed cells. v-Src down regulated the expression of Pag1, a lipid raft-associated inhibitor of Src, which was restored by wild-type GRIM-19. The tumor-derived mutant GRIM-19 proteins failed to upregulate Pag1. These studies show a novel mechanism that deregulates Src activity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalakonda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - P Sun
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R R Lorenz
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Lamarre
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Ji WT, Lee CI, Chen JYF, Cheng YP, Yang SR, Chen JH, Chen HR. Areca nut extract induces pyknotic necrosis in serum-starved oral cells via increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting GSK3β: an implication for cytopathic effects in betel quid chewers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63295. [PMID: 23704899 PMCID: PMC3660451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut has been proven to be correlated with various pathologic alterations in oral cavity. However, the mechanisms for such cytopathic effects are still elusive due mostly to the limitations of cell culture systems. Here we discovered that areca nut extract (ANE) induced production of autophagosome vacuoles in cells cultured with rich medium but induced pyknosis and ballooning, two morphological alterations frequently observed in betel quid chewers, in cells under a serum-free culture condition. Permeability of the serum-starved cells to propidium iodide (PI) confirmed ANE induced novel necrosis with pyknosis (pyknotic necrosis), providing a possible explanation for inflammatory infiltration in chewers’ mucosa. In these serum-starved cells, ANE strongly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which acted as a key switch for the initiation of pyknotic necrosis. Calcium flux was also involved in the morphological alterations. Besides, inhibition of GSK3β by SB216763 significantly exacerbated the pyknotic necrosis either induced by ANE or H2O2 in serum-starved cells, suggesting that GSK3β is a critical regulator for ANE/ROS-mediated pyknotic necrosis. Interestingly, LC3-II transition and PARP cleavage were still detected in the serum-starved cells after ANE treatment, suggesting concurrent activation of apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Finally, insulin could counteract the effect of ANE-induced pyknotic necrosis. Taken together, these data provide a platform for studying ANE-induced cytopathogenesis and the first clinical implication for several pathological alterations, such as ballooning and inflammatory infiltration, in betel quid chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Cheng
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ru Yang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hua Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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9
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Tung CL, Lin ST, Chou HC, Chen YW, Lin HC, Tung CL, Huang KJ, Chen YJ, Lee YR, Chan HL. Proteomics-based identification of plasma biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 75:7-17. [PMID: 23312379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive cancer and its occurrence is closely related to betel nut chewing in Taiwan. However, there are few prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for this disease especially for its association with betel nut chewing. Recent progresses in quantitative proteomics have offered opportunities to discover plasma proteins as biomarkers for tracking the progression and for understanding the molecular mechanisms of OSCC. In present study, plasma samples from OSCC patients with at least 5-year history of betel nut chewing and healthy donors were analyzed by fluorescence 2D-DIGE-based proteomic analysis. Totally, 38 proteins have been firmly identified representing 13 unique gene products. These proteins mainly function in inflammatory responses (such as fibrinogen gamma chain) and transport (Apolipoprotein A-I). Additionally, the current quantitative proteomic approach has identified numerous OSCC biomarkers including fibrinogen (alpha/beta/gamma) chain, haptoglobin, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein and ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 (RSK2) which have not been reported and may be associated with the progression and development of the disease. In summary, this study reports a comprehensive patient-based proteomic approach for the identification of potential plasma biomarkers in OSCC. The potential of utilizing these markers for screening and treating OSCC warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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10
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Cheng SJ, Kok SH, Lee JJ, Yen-Ping Kuo M, Cheng SL, Huang YL, Chen HM, Chang HH, Chiang CP. Significant association of SRC protein expression with the progression, recurrence, and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan. Head Neck 2011; 34:1340-5. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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11
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Zhou H, Huang S. Role of mTOR signaling in tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2011; 12:30-42. [PMID: 21190521 DOI: 10.2174/138920311795659407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell migration and invasion play fundamental roles in cancer metastasis. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase, is a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and survival. Recent studies have shown that mTOR also plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor cell motility, invasion and cancer metastasis. Current knowledge indicates that mTOR functions as two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 phosphorylates p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival and motility. mTORC2 phosphorylates Akt, protein kinase C α (PKCα) and the focal adhesion proteins, and controls the activities of the small GTPases (RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1), and regulates cell survival and the actin cytoskeleton. Here we briefly review recent knowledge of mTOR complexes and the role of mTOR signaling in tumor cell migration and invasion. We also discuss recent efforts about the mechanism by which rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, inhibits cell migration, invasion and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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12
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Chen YJ, Liao CT, Chen PJ, Lee LY, Li YC, Chen IH, Wang HM, Chang JT, Chen LJ, Yen TC, Tang CY, Cheng AJ. Downregulation of Ches1 and other novel genes in oral cancer cells chronically exposed to areca nut extract. Head Neck 2011; 33:257-66. [PMID: 20848451 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to identify the genes in response to areca nut extract, a potential carcinogen of oral cancer. METHODS Two oral cancer sublines chronically treated with areca nut extract were established. Methods such as microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to screen and validate the genes' altered expressions in areca nut extract-sublines or in cancer tissues. RESULTS A total of 35 genes were differentially expressed in both sublines. Several functional pathways were significantly altered. Six genes were confirmed over 2-fold of changes, including Ches1. Functional analyses showed that overexpression of Ches1 suppressed cell growth and arrested cells in the G2/M phase. Consistently, this gene has reduced expression in 52% of oral cancer tissues, which was significantly correlated with the areca nut chewing habit of patients (p = .04). CONCLUSION We identified 35 candidates and validated 6 genes that may be associated with areca nut-induced oral cancer. Loss of Ches1 may be attributed to areca nut extract-induced oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Chen
- Graduate School of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Providence of China
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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Zygogianni AG, Kyrgias G, Karakitsos P, Psyrri A, Kouvaris J, Kelekis N, Kouloulias V. Oral squamous cell cancer: early detection and the role of alcohol and smoking. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2011; 3:2. [PMID: 21211041 PMCID: PMC3022893 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma has a remarkable incidence worldwide and a fairly onerous prognosis, encouraging further research on factors that might modify disease outcome. Data sources A web-based search for all types of articles published was initiated using Medline/Pub Med, with the key words such as oral cancer, alcohol consumption, genetic polymorphisms, tobacco smoking and prevention. The search was restricted to articles published in English, with no publication date restriction (last update 2010). Review Methods In this review article, we approach the factors for a cytologic diagnosis during OSCC development and the markers used in modern diagnostic technologies as well. We also reviewed available studies of the combined effects of alcohol drinking and genetic polymorphisms on alcohol-related cancer risk. Results The interaction of smoking and alcohol significantly increases the risk for aero-digestive cancers. The interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption seems to be responsible for a significant amount of disease. Conclusion Published scientific data show promising pathways for the future development of more effective prognosis. There is a clear need for new prognostic indicators, which could be used in diagnostics and, therefore a better selection of the most effective treatment can be achieved.
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Chiu CC, Chen BH, Hour TC, Chiang WF, Wu YJ, Chen CY, Chen HR, Chan PT, Liu SY, Chen JYF. Betel quid extract promotes oral cancer cell migration by activating a muscarinic M4 receptor-mediated signaling cascade involving SFKs and ERK1/2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:60-5. [PMID: 20638369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is a widely accepted etiological factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Southeast Asia, but how BQ chewing leads to oral carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that the activation of Src family kinases (SFKs) is critical for BQ-induced oral cancer cell motility. Here we investigate whether this biological effect is mediated by specific membrane receptors in oral cancer cells. We found that BQ-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cell migration could be inhibited by atropine, suggesting the involvement of the muscarinic receptor family. The enhanced activities of ERK1/2 and cell migration were significantly counteracted by PD102807, the selective antagonist of muscarinic M4 receptor. Moreover, cold BQ extract effectively competed with a known ligand, [(3)H]-N-methyl scopolamine, for binding to muscarinic M4 receptor in vitro, thereby implying that BQ could activate motility-promoting signaling pathways through direct interaction with the receptor. The requirement of muscarinic M4 receptor for BQ-induced oral cancer cell migration was demonstrated by knockdown of the receptor using RNA interference (RNAi). Remarkably, ectopic expression of muscarinic M4 receptor in two oral cancer cell lines, Ca9-22 and SCC-9, further augmented BQ-induced cell migration by 83% and 99%, respectively. Finally, we verified that BQ-induced oral cancer cell migration was mediated through a muscarinic M4 receptor-->SFKs-->ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Thus, our findings have identified a novel signaling cascade mediating BQ-induced oral cancer cell motility, which could be a therapeutic target for BQ-related oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Yang WCV, Chung HR, Wu JY, Yi C, Wang DJ, Lee SY. Potential biomarkers for the cytologic diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(10)60010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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The War on Cancer rages on. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1252-63. [PMID: 20019833 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, the "War on Cancer" was launched by the US government to cure cancer by the 200-year anniversary of the founding of the United States of America, 1976. This article briefly looks back at the progress that has been made in cancer research and compares progress made in other areas of human affliction. While progress has indeed been made, the battle continues to rage on.
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Shpitzer T, Hamzany Y, Bahar G, Feinmesser R, Savulescu D, Borovoi I, Gavish M, Nagler RM. Salivary analysis of oral cancer biomarkers. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1194-8. [PMID: 19789535 PMCID: PMC2768098 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a common and lethal malignancy. Direct contact between saliva and the oral cancer lesion makes measurement of tumour markers in saliva an attractive alternative to serum testing. METHODS We tested 19 tongue cancer patients, measuring the levels of 8 salivary markers related to oxidative stress, DNA repair, carcinogenesis, metastasis and cellular proliferation and death. RESULTS Five markers increased in cancer patients by 39-246%: carbonyls, lactate dehydrogenase, metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Ki67 and Cyclin D1 (CycD1) (P< or =0.01). Three markers decreased by 16-29%: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, phosphorylated-Src and mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) (P< or =0.01). Increase in salivary carbonyls was profound (by 246%, P=0.012); alterations in CycD1 (87% increase, P=0.000006) and Maspin (29% decrease, P=0.007) were especially significant. Sensitivity values of these eight analysed markers ranged from 58% to 100%; specificity values ranged from 42% to 100%. Both values were especially high for the CycD1 and Maspin markers, 100% for each value of each marker. These were also high for carbonyls, 90% and 80%, respectively, and for MMP-9, 100% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSION The significance of each salivary alteration is discussed. As all alterations correlated with each other, they may belong to a single carcinogenetic network. Cancer-related changes in salivary tumour markers may be used as a diagnostic tool for diagnosis, prognosis and post-operative monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shpitzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Neoplasia: the second decade. Neoplasia 2009; 10:1314-24. [PMID: 19048110 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue marks the end of the 10-year anniversary of Neoplasia where we have seen exciting growth in both number of submitted and published articles in Neoplasia. Neoplasia was first published in 1999. During the past 10 years, Neoplasia has dynamically adapted to the needs of the cancer research community as technologies have advanced. Neoplasia is currently providing access to articles through PubMed Central to continue to facilitate rapid broad-based dissemination of published findings to the scientific community through an Open Access model. This has in part helped Neoplasia to achieve an improved impact factor this past year, demonstrating that the manuscripts published by Neoplasia are of great interest to the overall cancer research community. This past year, Neoplasia received a record number of articles for review and has had a 21% increase in the number of published articles.
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