1
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Crintea A, Constantin AM, Motofelea AC, Crivii CB, Velescu MA, Coșeriu RL, Ilyés T, Crăciun AM, Silaghi CN. Targeted EGFR Nanotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:466. [PMID: 37754880 PMCID: PMC10532491 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. The present review explores the potential of targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanotherapy as an alternative treatment for NSCLC, showing that EGFR-targeted nanoparticles are efficiently taken up by NSCLC cells, leading to a significant reduction in tumor growth in mouse models. Consequently, we suggest that targeted EGFR nanotherapy could be an innovative treatment strategy for NSCLC; however, further studies are needed to optimize the nanoparticles and evaluate their safety and efficacy in clinical settings and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Crintea
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Anne-Marie Constantin
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Alexandru C. Motofelea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Carmen-Bianca Crivii
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Maria A. Velescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan L. Coșeriu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu-Mureș, Romania;
| | - Tamás Ilyés
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Alexandra M. Crăciun
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Ciprian N. Silaghi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (T.I.); (C.N.S.)
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2
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Boyle Y, Johns TG, Fletcher EV. Potassium Ion Channels in Malignant Central Nervous System Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194767. [PMID: 36230692 PMCID: PMC9563970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancers are among the most difficult to treat, with low rates of survival and a high likelihood of recurrence. This is primarily due to their location within the CNS, hindering adequate drug delivery and tumour access via surgery. Furthermore, CNS cancer cells are highly plastic, an adaptive property that enables them to bypass targeted treatment strategies and develop drug resistance. Potassium ion channels have long been implicated in the progression of many cancers due to their integral role in several hallmarks of the disease. Here, we will explore this relationship further, with a focus on malignant CNS cancers, including high-grade glioma (HGG). HGG is the most lethal form of primary brain tumour in adults, with the majority of patient mortality attributed to drug-resistant secondary tumours. Hence, targeting proteins that are integral to cellular plasticity could reduce tumour recurrence, improving survival. This review summarises the role of potassium ion channels in malignant CNS cancers, specifically how they contribute to proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and plasticity. We will also explore how specific modulation of these proteins may provide a novel way to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Boyle
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emily V. Fletcher
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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3
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Greenall SA, McKenzie M, Seminova E, Dolezal O, Pearce L, Bentley J, Kuchibhotla M, Chen SC, McDonald KL, Kornblum HI, Endersby R, Adams TE, Johns TG. Most clinical anti-EGFR antibodies do not neutralize both wtEGFR and EGFRvIII activation in glioma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 21:1016-1027. [PMID: 31002307 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its truncated, autoactive mutant EGFR variant (v)III are bona fide drivers of tumorigenesis in some gliomas, therapeutic antibodies developed to neutralize this axis have not improved patient survival in a limited number of trials. Previous studies using cells transduced to exogenously express EGFRvIII may have compromised mechanistic studies of anti-EGFR therapeutics. Therefore, we re-assessed the activity of clinical EGFR antibodies in patient-derived gliomaspheres that endogenously express EGFRvIII. METHODS The antitumor efficacy of antibodies was assessed using in vitro proliferation assays and intracranial orthografts. Receptor activation status, antibody engagement, oncogenic signaling, and mechanism of action after antibody treatment were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Tracking of antibody receptor complexes was conducted using immunofluorescence. RESULTS The EGFR domain III-targeting antibodies cetuximab, necitumumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab did not neutralize EGFRvIII activation. Chimeric monoclonal antibody 806 (ch806) neutralized EGFRvIII, but not wild-type (wt)EGFR activation. Panitumumab was the only antibody that neutralized both EGFRvIII and wtEGFR, leading to reduction of p-S6 signaling and superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Mechanistically, panitumumab induced recycling of receptor but not degradation as previously described. Panitumumab, via its unique avidity, stably cross-linked EGFRvIII to prevent its activation, while ch806 induced a marked reduction in the active EGFRvIII disulphide-bonded dimer. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a previously unknown major resistance mechanism in glioma in that most EGFR domain III-targeting antibodies do not neutralize EGFRvIII. The superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of panitumumab supports further clinical testing of this antibody against EGFRvIII-stratified glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A Greenall
- Department of Oncology, Monash University and Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Olan Dolezal
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John Bentley
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mani Kuchibhotla
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shengnan C Chen
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, New South Wales, Australia.,Cure Brain Cancer Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Terrance G Johns
- Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Hao Q, Wang P, Dutta P, Chung S, Li Q, Wang K, Li J, Cao W, Deng W, Geng Q, Schrode K, Shaheen M, Wu K, Zhu D, Chen QH, Chen G, Elshimali Y, Vadgama J, Wu Y. Comp34 displays potent preclinical antitumor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer via inhibition of NUDT3-AS4, a novel oncogenic long noncoding RNA. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1052. [PMID: 33311440 PMCID: PMC7733521 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most common genomic abnormalities in breast cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and pharmacologic inhibition of these aberrations has shown activity in TNBC patients. Here, we designed and identified a small-molecule Comp34 that suppresses both AKT and mTOR protein expression and exhibits robust cytotoxicity towards TNBC cells but not nontumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells. Mechanically, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AL354740.1-204 (also named as NUDT3-AS4) acts as a microRNA sponge to compete with AKT1/mTOR mRNAs for binding to miR-99s, leading to decrease in degradation of AKT1/mTOR mRNAs and subsequent increase in AKT1/mTOR protein expression. Inhibition of lncRNA-NUDT3-AS4 and suppression of the NUDT3-AS4/miR-99s association contribute to Comp34-affected biologic pathways. In addition, Comp34 alone is effective in cells with secondary resistance to rapamycin, the best-known inhibitor of mTOR, and displays a greater in vivo antitumor efficacy and lower toxicity than rapamycin in TNBC xenografted models. In conclusion, NUDT3-AS4 may play a proproliferative role in TNBC and be considered a relevant therapeutic target, and Comp34 presents promising activity as a single agent to inhibit TNBC through regulation of NUDT3-AS4 and miR-99s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pranabananda Dutta
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seyung Chung
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Katrina Schrode
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jay Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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5
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Sun Y, Meyers BA, Czako B, Leonard P, Mseeh F, Harris AL, Wu Q, Johnson S, Parker CA, Cross JB, Di Francesco ME, Bivona BJ, Bristow CA, Burke JP, Carrillo CC, Carroll CL, Chang Q, Feng N, Gao G, Gera S, Giuliani V, Huang JK, Jiang Y, Kang Z, Kovacs JJ, Liu CY, Lopez AM, Ma X, Mandal PK, McAfoos T, Miller MA, Mullinax RA, Peoples M, Ramamoorthy V, Seth S, Spencer ND, Suzuki E, Williams CC, Yu SS, Zuniga AM, Draetta GF, Marszalek JR, Heffernan TP, Kohl NE, Jones P. Allosteric SHP2 Inhibitor, IACS-13909, Overcomes EGFR-Dependent and EGFR-Independent Resistance Mechanisms toward Osimertinib. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4840-4853. [PMID: 32928921 PMCID: PMC11106563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP2) is a phosphatase that mediates signaling downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and is required for full activation of the MAPK pathway. SHP2 inhibition has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in RTK-activated cancers in preclinical studies. The long-term effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as the EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi), osimertinib, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited by acquired resistance. Multiple clinically identified mechanisms underlie resistance to osimertinib, including mutations in EGFR that preclude drug binding as well as EGFR-independent activation of the MAPK pathway through alternate RTK (RTK-bypass). It has also been noted that frequently a tumor from a single patient harbors more than one resistance mechanism, and the plasticity between multiple resistance mechanisms could restrict the effectiveness of therapies targeting a single node of the oncogenic signaling network. Here, we report the discovery of IACS-13909, a specific and potent allosteric inhibitor of SHP2, that suppresses signaling through the MAPK pathway. IACS-13909 potently impeded proliferation of tumors harboring a broad spectrum of activated RTKs as the oncogenic driver. In EGFR-mutant osimertinib-resistant NSCLC models with EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent resistance mechanisms, IACS-13909, administered as a single agent or in combination with osimertinib, potently suppressed tumor cell proliferation in vitro and caused tumor regression in vivo. Together, our findings provide preclinical evidence for using a SHP2 inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy in acquired EGFRi-resistant NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the discovery of IACS-13909 as a potent, selective inhibitor of SHP2 with drug-like properties, and targeting SHP2 may serve as a therapeutic strategy to overcome tumor resistance to osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Czako
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Leonard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Faika Mseeh
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela L Harris
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Johnson
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Connor A Parker
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Cross
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin J Bivona
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason P Burke
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caroline C Carrillo
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Chang
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Gao
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonal Gera
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin K Huang
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongying Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Kovacs
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chiu-Yi Liu
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anastasia M Lopez
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pijus K Mandal
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy McAfoos
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meredith A Miller
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A Mullinax
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Peoples
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vandhana Ramamoorthy
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sahil Seth
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nakia D Spencer
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erika Suzuki
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher C Williams
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Simon S Yu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andy M Zuniga
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION - Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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6
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Karimzadeh MR, Mirzaei HR, Razavi ZS, Sahebkar A, Hosseini N, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. Autophagy in cancers including brain tumors: role of MicroRNAs. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:88. [PMID: 32517694 PMCID: PMC7285723 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has a crucial role in many cancers, including brain tumors. Several types of endogenous molecules (e.g. microRNAs, AKT, PTEN, p53, EGFR, and NF1) can modulate the process of autophagy. Recently miRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of different cellular and molecular processes, such as autophagy. Deregulation of these molecules is associated with the development and progression of different pathological conditions, including brain tumors. It was found that miRNAs are epigenetic regulators, which influence the level of proteins coded by the targeted mRNAs with any modification of the genetic sequences. It has been revealed that various miRNAs (e.g., miR-7-1-3p, miR-340, miR-17, miR-30a, miR-224-3p, and miR-93), as epigenetic regulators, can modulate autophagy pathways within brain tumors. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular targets of miRNAs, and their function in autophagy pathways could contribute to the development of new treatment methods for patients with brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the various miRNAs, which are involved in regulating autophagy in brain tumors. Moreover, we highlight the role of miRNAs in autophagy-related pathways in different cancers. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nayyerehsadat Hosseini
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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7
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Wu Y, Cheng W, Zhang X, Li Z, Liu Y, Bai W. Neurofibromatosis type I-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a case report and literature review. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1476-1482. [PMID: 33224354 PMCID: PMC7667415 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wendan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanchang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyi Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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8
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EGFR vIII: An Oncogene with Ambiguous Role. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1092587. [PMID: 32089685 PMCID: PMC7024087 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) seems to constitute the perfect therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GB), as it is specifically present on up to 28–30% of GB cells. In case of other tumor types, expression and possible role of this oncogene still remain controversial. In spite of EGFRvIII mechanism of action being crucial for the design of small active anticancer molecules and immunotherapies, i.e., CAR-T technology, it is yet to be precisely defined. EGFRvIII is known to be resistant to degradation, but it is still unclear whether it heterodimerizes with EGF-activated wild-type EGFR (EGFRWT) or homodimerizes (including covalent homodimerization). Constitutive kinase activity of this mutated receptor is relatively low, and some researchers even claim that a nuclear, but not a membrane function, is crucial for its activity. Based on the analyses of recurrent tumors that are often lacking EGFRvIII expression despite its initial presence in corresponding primary foci, this oncogene is suggested to play a marginal role during later stages of carcinogenesis, while even in primary tumors EGFRvIII expression is detected only in a small percentage of tumor cells, undermining the rationality of EGFRvIII-targeting therapies. On the other hand, EGFRvIII-positive cells are resistant to apoptosis, more invasive, and characterized with enhanced proliferation rate. Moreover, expression of this oncogenic receptor was also postulated to be a marker of cancer stem cells. Opinions regarding the role that EGFRvIII plays in tumorigenesis and for tumor aggressiveness are clearly contradictory and, therefore, it is crucial not only to determine its mechanism of action, but also to unambiguously define its role at early and advanced cancer stages.
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9
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Network-based Biased Tree Ensembles (NetBiTE) for Drug Sensitivity Prediction and Drug Sensitivity Biomarker Identification in Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15918. [PMID: 31685861 PMCID: PMC6828742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the Network-based Biased Tree Ensembles (NetBiTE) method for drug sensitivity prediction and drug sensitivity biomarker identification in cancer using a combination of prior knowledge and gene expression data. Our devised method consists of a biased tree ensemble that is built according to a probabilistic bias weight distribution. The bias weight distribution is obtained from the assignment of high weights to the drug targets and propagating the assigned weights over a protein-protein interaction network such as STRING. The propagation of weights, defines neighborhoods of influence around the drug targets and as such simulates the spread of perturbations within the cell, following drug administration. Using a synthetic dataset, we showcase how application of biased tree ensembles (BiTE) results in significant accuracy gains at a much lower computational cost compared to the unbiased random forests (RF) algorithm. We then apply NetBiTE to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset and demonstrate that NetBiTE outperforms RF in predicting IC50 drug sensitivity, only for drugs that target membrane receptor pathways (MRPs): RTK, EGFR and IGFR signaling pathways. We propose based on the NetBiTE results, that for drugs that inhibit MRPs, the expression of target genes prior to drug administration is a biomarker for IC50 drug sensitivity following drug administration. We further verify and reinforce this proposition through control studies on, PI3K/MTOR signaling pathway inhibitors, a drug category that does not target MRPs, and through assignment of dummy targets to MRP inhibiting drugs and investigating the variation in NetBiTE accuracy.
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10
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Saha N, Robev D, Himanen JP, Nikolov DB. ADAM proteases: Emerging role and targeting of the non-catalytic domains. Cancer Lett 2019; 467:50-57. [PMID: 31593799 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ADAM proteases are multi domain transmembrane metalloproteases that cleave a range of cell surface proteins and activate signaling pathways implicated in tumor progression, including those mediated by Notch, EFGR, and the Eph receptors. Consequently, they have emerged as key therapeutic targets in the efforts to inhibit tumor initiation and progression. To that end, two main approaches have been taken to develop ADAM antagonists: (i) small molecule inhibitors, and (ii) monoclonal antibodies. In this mini-review we describe the distinct features of ADAM proteases, particularly of ADAM10 and ADAM17, their domain organization, conformational rearrangements, regulation, as well as their emerging importance as therapeutic targets in cancer. Further, we highlight an anti-ADAM10 monoclonal antibody that we have recently developed, which has shown significant promise in inhibiting Notch signaling and deterring growth of solid tumors in pre-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanendu Saha
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Dorothea Robev
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Juha P Himanen
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dimitar B Nikolov
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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11
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Nimmakayala RK, Rachagani S, Siddiqui JA, Mallya K, Gorantla S, Jain M, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK, Shonka N. Afatinib and Temozolomide combination inhibits tumorigenesis by targeting EGFRvIII-cMet signaling in glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:266. [PMID: 31215502 PMCID: PMC6582495 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with universal recurrence and poor prognosis. The recurrence is largely driven by chemoradiation resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutant EGFRvIII are amplified in ~ 60% and ~ 30% of GBM patients, respectively; however, therapies targeting EGFR have failed to improve disease outcome. EGFRvIII-mediated cross-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor, cMET, regulates GBM CSC maintenance and promote tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of pan-EGFR inhibitor afatinib and Temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM in vitro and in vivo. Methods We analyzed the effect of afatinib and temozolomide (TMZ) combination on GBM cells U87MG and U251 engineered to express wild type (WT) EGFR, EGFRvIII or EGFRvIII dead kinase, CSCs isolated from U87 and U87EGFRvIII in vitro. The therapeutic utility of the drug combination was investigated on tumor growth and progression using intracranially injected U87EGFRvIII GBM xenografts. Results Afatinib and TMZ combination synergistically inhibited the proliferation, clonogenic survival, motility, invasion and induced senescence of GBM cells compared to monotherapy. Mechanistically, afatinib decreased U87EGFRvIII GBM cell proliferation and motility/invasion by inhibiting EGFRvIII/AKT, EGFRvIII/JAK2/STAT3, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathways respectively. Interestingly, afatinib specifically inhibited EGFRvIII-cMET crosstalk in CSCs, resulting in decreased expression of Nanog and Oct3/4, and in combination with TMZ significantly decreased their self-renewal property in vitro. More interestingly, afatinib and TMZ combination significantly decreased the xenograft growth and progression compared to single drug alone. Conclusion Our study demonstrated significant inhibition of GBM tumorigenicity, CSC maintenance in vitro, and delayed tumor growth and progression in vivo by combination of afatinib and TMZ. Our results warrant evaluation of this drug combination in EGFR and EGFRvIII amplified GBM patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1264-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Disease, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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12
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Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)-associated Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms. Adv Anat Pathol 2018; 25:353-368. [PMID: 29762158 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of a neurofibroma or a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) often raises the question of whether the patient has the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) as well as how this will impact the patient's outcome, what their risk is for developing additional neoplasms and whether treatment options differ for NF1-associated and sporadic peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Establishing a diagnosis of NF1 is challenging as this disorder has numerous neoplastic and non-neoplastic manifestations which are variably present in individual patients. Further, other genetic diseases affecting the Ras signaling cascade (RASopathies) mimic many of the clinical features of NF1. Here, we review the clinical manifestations of NF1 and compare and contrast them with those of the RASopathies. We also consider current approaches to genetic testing for germline NF1 mutations. We then focus on NF1-associated neurofibromas, considering first the complicated clinical behavior and pathology of these neoplasms and then discussing our current understanding of the genomic abnormalities that drive their pathogenesis, including the mutations encountered in atypical neurofibromas. As several neurofibroma subtypes are capable of undergoing malignant transformation to become MPNSTs, we compare and contrast patient outcomes in sporadic, NF1-associated and radiation-induced MPNSTs, and review the challenging pathology of these lesions. The mutations involved in neurofibroma-MPNST progression, including the recent identification of mutations affecting epigenetic regulators, are then considered. Finally, we explore how our current understanding of neurofibroma and MPNST pathogenesis is informing the design of new therapies for these neoplasms.
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13
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Segatori VI, Cuello HA, Gulino CA, Albertó M, Venier C, Guthmann MD, Demarco IA, Alonso DF, Gabri MR. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by active immunotherapy based on racotumomab in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1285-1296. [PMID: 29936534 PMCID: PMC11028311 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor strategies based on positive modulation of the immune system currently represent therapeutic options with prominent acceptance for cancer patients' treatment due to its selectivity and higher tolerance compared to chemotherapy. Racotumomab is an anti-idiotype (anti-Id) monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed to NeuGc-containing gangliosides such as NeuGcGM3, a widely reported tumor-specific neoantigen in many human cancers. Racotumomab has been approved in Latin American countries as an active immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. In this work, we evaluated the induction of Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in NSCLC patients included in a phase III clinical trial, in response to vaccination with racotumomab. The development of anti-NeuGcGM3 antibodies (Abs) in serum samples of immunized patients was first evaluated using the NeuGcGM3-expressing X63 cells, showing that racotumomab vaccination developed antigen-specific Abs that are able to recognize NeuGcGM3 expressed in tumor cell membranes. ADCC response against NeuGcGM3-expressing X63 (target) was observed in racotumomab-treated- but not in control group patients. When target cells were depleted of gangliosides by treatment with a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, we observed a significant reduction of the ADCC activity developed by sera from racotumomab-vaccinated patients, suggesting a target-specific response. Our data demonstrate that anti-NeuGcGM3 Abs induced by racotumomab vaccination are able to mediate an antigen-specific ADCC response against tumor cells in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria I Segatori
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Cuello
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Cynthia A Gulino
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Marina Albertó
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Venier
- Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), University of Buenos Aires, Avenida Córdoba 2351, Buenos Aires, C1120AAF, Argentina
| | | | | | - Daniel F Alonso
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Mariano R Gabri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, B1876BXD, Argentina.
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14
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Donoghue JF, Kerr LT, Alexander NW, Greenall SA, Longano AB, Gottardo NG, Wang R, Tabar V, Adams TE, Mischel PS, Johns TG. Activation of ERBB4 in Glioblastoma Can Contribute to Increased Tumorigenicity and Influence Therapeutic Response. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080243. [PMID: 30044378 PMCID: PMC6116191 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is often resistant to conventional and targeted therapeutics. ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4) is expressed throughout normal brain and is an oncogene in several pediatric brain cancers; therefore, we investigated ERBB4 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM. Using RT-qPCR, we quantified mRNA encoding total ERBB4 and known ERBB4 variants in GBM and non-neoplastic normal brain (NNB) samples. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized the localization of total and phosphorylated ERBB4 (p-ERBB4) and EGFR protein in archived GBM samples and assessed their association with patient survival. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of ERBB4 phosphorylation on angiogenesis and tumorigenicity in GBM xenograft models. Total ERBB4 mRNA was significantly lower in GBM than NNB samples, with the juxtamembrane JM-a and cytoplasmic CYT-2 variants predominating. ERBB4 protein was ubiquitously expressed in GBM but was not associated with patient survival. However, high p-ERBB4 in 11% of archived GBM samples, independent of p-EGFR, was associated with shorter patient survival (12.0 ± 3.2 months) than was no p-ERBB4 (22.5 ± 9.5 months). Increased ERBB4 activation was also associated with increased proliferation, angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and reduced sensitivity to anti-EGFR treatment in xenograft models. Despite low ERBB4 mRNA in GBM, the functional effects of increased ERBB4 activation identify ERBB4 as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Oncogenic Signalling Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 21⁻37 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Lauren T Kerr
- Oncogenic Signalling Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 21⁻37 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Naomi W Alexander
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
| | - Sameer A Greenall
- Oncogenic Signalling Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 21⁻37 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Anthony B Longano
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Nicholas G Gottardo
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Timothy E Adams
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 21⁻37 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
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15
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Burslem GM, Smith BE, Lai AC, Jaime-Figueroa S, McQuaid DC, Bondeson DP, Toure M, Dong H, Qian Y, Wang J, Crew AP, Hines J, Crews CM. The Advantages of Targeted Protein Degradation Over Inhibition: An RTK Case Study. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:67-77.e3. [PMID: 29129716 PMCID: PMC5831399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has emerged over the last two decades as a powerful tool for targeted degradation of endogenous proteins. Herein we describe the development of PROTACs for receptor tyrosine kinases, a protein family yet to be targeted for induced protein degradation. The use of VHL-recruiting PROTACs against this protein family reveals several advantages of degradation over inhibition alone: direct comparisons of fully functional, target-degrading PROTACs with target-inhibiting variants that contain an inactivated E3 ligase-recruiting ligand show that degradation leads to more potent inhibition of cell proliferation and a more durable and sustained downstream signaling response, and thus addresses the kinome rewiring challenge seen with many receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Combined, these findings demonstrate the ability to target receptor tyrosine kinases for degradation using the PROTAC technology and outline the advantages of this degradation-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Burslem
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Blake E Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ashton C Lai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saul Jaime-Figueroa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel C McQuaid
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel P Bondeson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Momar Toure
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hanqing Dong
- Arvinas, LLC, 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yimin Qian
- Arvinas, LLC, 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Arvinas, LLC, 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Turchick A, Hegan DC, Jensen RB, Glazer PM. A cell-penetrating antibody inhibits human RAD51 via direct binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11782-11799. [PMID: 29036688 PMCID: PMC5714174 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51, a key factor in homology-directed repair (HDR), has long been considered an attractive target for cancer therapy, but few specific inhibitors have been found. A cell-penetrating, anti-DNA, lupus autoantibody, 3E10, was previously shown to inhibit HDR, sensitize tumors to radiation, and mediate synthetic lethal killing of BRCA2-deficient cancer cells, effects that were initially attributed to its affinity for DNA. However, as the molecular basis for its ability to inhibit DNA repair, we report that 3E10 directly binds to the N-terminus of RAD51, sequesters RAD51 in the cytoplasm, and impedes RAD51 binding to DNA. Further, we generate separation-of-function mutations in the complementarity-determining regions of 3E10 revealing that inhibition of HDR tracks with binding to RAD51 but not to DNA, whereas cell penetration is linked to DNA binding. The consequences of these mutations on putative 3E10 interactions with RAD51 and DNA are correlated with in silico molecular modeling. Taken together, the results identify 3E10 as a novel inhibitor of RAD51 by direct binding, accounting for its ability to suppress HDR and providing the molecular basis to guide pre-clinical development of 3E10 as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Turchick
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Denise C Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ryan B Jensen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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17
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Abstract
This Outlook discusses the study in this issue by Zanca et al., in which mutant EGFR expression in a small population of cancer cells in high-grade brain tumors (glioblastoma) can orchestrate the complex behavior of the entire tumor. Converging evidence from numerous laboratories has revealed that malignant brain cancers are complex ecological systems composed of distinct cellular and acellular elements that collectively dictate glioblastoma biology. Our understanding of the individual contributions of each of these components is vital to the design of effective therapies against these cancers. In this issue of Genes & Development, Zanca and colleagues (pp. 1212–1227) demonstrate that one subpopulation of glioblastoma cells expressing a mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) is responsible for the survival of non-EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells as well as for evading molecularly targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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18
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A TNF-JNK-Axl-ERK signaling axis mediates primary resistance to EGFR inhibition in glioblastoma. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1074-1084. [PMID: 28604685 PMCID: PMC5529219 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant EGFR signaling is widespread in cancer, making the EGFR an important target for therapy. EGFR gene amplification and mutation are common in glioblastoma (GBM), but EGFR inhibition has not been effective in treating this tumor. Here, we propose that primary resistance to EGFR inhibition in glioma cells results from a rapid compensatory response to EGFR inhibition that mediates cell survival. We show that in glioma cells expressing either EGFR wild type or the mutant EGFRvIII, EGFR inhibition triggers a rapid adaptive response driven by increased TNF secretion that leads to activation of a TNF-JNK-Axl-ERK signaling axis. Inhibition of this adaptive axis at multiple nodes renders glioma cells with primary resistance sensitive to EGFR inhibition. Our findings provide a possible explanation for the multiple failures of anti-EGFR therapy in GBM and suggest a new approach to the treatment of EGFR expressing GBM using a combination of EGFR and TNF inhibition.
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19
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Xu H, Zong H, Ma C, Ming X, Shang M, Li K, He X, Du H, Cao L. Epidermal growth factor receptor in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:512-516. [PMID: 28693199 PMCID: PMC5494611 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are commonly occurring in glioblastoma. Enhanced activation of EGFR can occur through a variety of different mechanisms, both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent. Numerous evidence has suggested that EGFR is overexpressed in most of primary glioblastomas and some of the secondary glioblastomas and is characteristic of more aggressive glioblastoma phenotypes. Additionally, recent studies have revealed that wild-type EGFR, and to a greater extent hyper-activating EGFR mutants induced a substantial upregulation of Fyn expression. Furthermore, it was determined that Fyn expression is upregulated across a panel of patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) relative to normal progenitor controls. Moreover, researchers are continuously involved in elucidation of novel mechanism linking EGFR EGFR-expressing glioblastoma. The present review highlights current aspects of EGFR receptor in glioblastoma and concludes that the concept of EGFR signaling and related receptors and associated factors is evolving, however, it needs detailed evaluation for future clinical applications in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Chong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xing Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Ming Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hai Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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Abou-Fayçal C, Hatat AS, Gazzeri S, Eymin B. Splice Variants of the RTK Family: Their Role in Tumour Progression and Response to Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020383. [PMID: 28208660 PMCID: PMC5343918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) belong to a family of transmembrane receptors that display tyrosine kinase activity and trigger the activation of downstream signalling pathways mainly involved in cell proliferation and survival. RTK amplification or somatic mutations leading to their constitutive activation and oncogenic properties have been reported in various tumour types. Numerous RTK-targeted therapies have been developed to counteract this hyperactivation. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA has recently emerged as an important contributor to cancer development and tumour maintenance. Interestingly, RTKs are alternatively spliced. However, the biological functions of RTK splice variants, as well as the upstream signals that control their expression in tumours, remain to be understood. More importantly, it remains to be determined whether, and how, these splicing events may affect the response of tumour cells to RTK-targeted therapies, and inversely, whether these therapies may impact these splicing events. In this review, we will discuss the role of alternative splicing of RTKs in tumour progression and response to therapies, with a special focus on two major RTKs that control proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis, namely, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherine Abou-Fayçal
- Team RNA Splicing, Cell Signaling and Response to Therapies, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38702, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Hatat
- Team RNA Splicing, Cell Signaling and Response to Therapies, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38702, France.
| | - Sylvie Gazzeri
- Team RNA Splicing, Cell Signaling and Response to Therapies, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38702, France.
| | - Beatrice Eymin
- Team RNA Splicing, Cell Signaling and Response to Therapies, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38702, France.
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21
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Tan AC, Vyse S, Huang PH. Exploiting receptor tyrosine kinase co-activation for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:72-84. [PMID: 27452454 PMCID: PMC5346155 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have shown that many cancers have evolved receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) co-activation as a mechanism to drive tumour progression and limit the lethal effects of therapy. This review summarises the general principles of RTK co-activation and discusses approaches to exploit this phenomenon in cancer therapy and drug discovery. Computational strategies to predict kinase co-dependencies by integrating drug screening data and kinase inhibitor selectivity profiles will also be described. We offer a perspective on the implications of RTK co-activation on tumour heterogeneity and cancer evolution and conclude by surveying emerging computational and experimental approaches that will provide insights into RTK co-activation biology and deliver new developments in effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aik-Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Simon Vyse
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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22
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Greenall SA, Adams TE, Johns TG. Incomplete target neutralization by the anti-cancer antibody rilotumumab. MAbs 2016; 8:246-52. [PMID: 26750997 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody rilotumumab, which has been tested in multiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, has been reported to neutralize hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the ligand for the oncogene MET. However, we report that rilotumumab does not prevent HGF from directly binding to MET on conventional and primary patient-derived human gliomasphere lines, a trait driven by the HGF α-chain, which remains free to engage cell-surface glycosaminoglycans and the receptor MET. This binding induces MET phosphorylation, initiates robust AKT and ERK signaling and potentiates biological effects such as cell scattering. This partial antagonism was highly exacerbated in the presence of activated epidermal growth factor receptor, which is common in several cancers. Hence, we confirm that rilotumumab is only a partial antagonist of HGF activity, a finding that has considerable implications for the therapeutic use of rilotumumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A Greenall
- a Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia.,b Monash University, Wellington Parade , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia.,c Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , 343 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- c Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , 343 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- a Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia.,b Monash University, Wellington Parade , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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23
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Jayaram S, Gupta MK, Raju R, Gautam P, Sirdeshmukh R. Multi-Omics Data Integration and Mapping of Altered Kinases to Pathways Reveal Gonadotropin Hormone Signaling in Glioblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 20:736-746. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Jayaram
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Poonam Gautam
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Sirdeshmukh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, India
- Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research, Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City, Bangalore, India
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Pikija S, Pilz G, Gschwandtner G, Rösler C, Schlick K, Greil R, Sellner J. Panitumumab-Associated Encephalopathy after Accidental Intra-arterial Application through Dislocated Central Venous Access Device. Front Neurol 2016; 7:196. [PMID: 27872609 PMCID: PMC5098172 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system (CNS) toxicity and immune-related side effects are increasingly recognized with the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. Here, we report a patient who developed of acute-onset encephalopathy and coma, which began shortly after administration of panitumumab for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Echocardiography revealed that the drug had been infused into the left cardiac ventricle via a dislocated central venous line. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging disclosed multiple cortical hyperintensities, which were preferentially located in the frontal lobes. While the neurological condition improved within a few days, the patient died 4 weeks later. It seems likely that the administration of the antibody via the intra-arterial route contributed to the development of this condition. Toxic encephalopathy may be a hitherto unrecognized complication of panitumumab treatment and should be taken into consideration in patients developing CNS symptoms undergoing this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Pikija
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Georg Pilz
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Gerald Gschwandtner
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Cornelia Rösler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Konstantin Schlick
- Laboratory of Immunological Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory of Immunological Molecular Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Hochart A, Leblond P, Le Bourhis X, Meignan S, Tulasne D. [MET receptor inhibition: Hope against resistance to targeted therapies?]. Bull Cancer 2016; 104:157-166. [PMID: 27863726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the drug resistance remains a crucial issue in cancer treatment. For refractory patients, the use of MET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors seems to be hopeful. Indeed, important mechanisms underlying drug resistance argue for association of MET inhibitors with targeted therapies, both on first-line to prevent a primary resistance and on the second line to overcoming acquired resistance. Indeed, met gene amplification is the second most common alteration involved in acquired resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies in non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC). Hypoxia, for its part, can activate MET transcription and amplifies HGF signaling resulting in MET activation, which could be involved in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors escape. In HER2 positive breast cancers, MET amplification may also induce tumor cells a hatch escape, resulting in secondary resistance. Finally, some patients with BRAF mutated melanoma exhibit primary resistance to BRAF inhibition by stromal HGF (ligand of MET) secretion resulting in MET receptor activation. Experimental data highlight the role of MET in primary and secondary resistance and encourage combined treatments including MET inhibitors. In this context, several promising clinical trials are in progress in numerous cancers (NSCLC, melanoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma…) using combination of anti-MET and other specific therapies targeting EGFR, BRAF, VEGF or HER2. This review summarizes the potential benefits that MET inhibition should provide to patients with cancer refractory to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hochart
- Centre Oscar-Lambret, unité tumorigenèse et résistance aux traitements, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille 1, Inserm U908, Cell Plasticity and Cancer (CPAC), SN3, 59000 Lille, France; CHU de Lille, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Centre Oscar-Lambret, unité tumorigenèse et résistance aux traitements, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille 1, Inserm U908, Cell Plasticity and Cancer (CPAC), SN3, 59000 Lille, France; Centre Oscar-Lambret, unité d'onco-pédiatrie, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- Université Lille 1, Inserm U908, Cell Plasticity and Cancer (CPAC), SN3, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Centre Oscar-Lambret, unité tumorigenèse et résistance aux traitements, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France; Université Lille 1, Inserm U908, Cell Plasticity and Cancer (CPAC), SN3, 59000 Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- Université Lille, CNRS, institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies (M3T), 1, rue Calmette, BP 447, 59000 Lille, France
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26
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Axitinib Has Antiangiogenic and Antitumorigenic Activity in Myxoid Liposarcoma. Sarcoma 2016; 2016:3484673. [PMID: 27822137 PMCID: PMC5086398 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3484673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma is a rare form of soft-tissue sarcoma. Although most patients initially respond well to treatment, approximately 21% relapse, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. To identify novel treatment regimens and gain a better understanding of myxoid liposarcoma tumor biology, we screened various candidate and approved targeted therapeutics and chemotherapeutics against myxoid liposarcoma cell lines. Therapeutics that target angiogenesis showed antitumor activity. The small molecule inhibitor axitinib, which targets angiogenesis by inhibiting the VEGFR and PDGFR families and c-Kit, inhibited cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in vitro, as well as having significant antitumor activity against MLS 1765 myxoid liposarcoma xenografts in mice. Axitinib also displayed synergistic antitumor activity in vitro when combined with the potassium channel ionophore salinomycin or the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. Another angiogenesis-targeting therapeutic, 4EGI-1, which targets the oncoprotein eIF4E, significantly decreased angiogenic ligand expression by myxoid liposarcoma cells and reduced tumor cell growth. To verify this oncogenic addiction to angiogenic pathways, we utilized VEGFR-derived ligand traps and found that autocrine VEGFR signaling was crucial to myxoid liposarcoma cell survival. Overall, these findings suggest that autocrine angiogenic signaling through the VEGFR family is critical to myxoid liposarcoma cell survival and that further study of axitinib as a potential anticancer therapy is warranted.
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27
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Náger M, Santacana M, Bhardwaj D, Valls J, Ferrer I, Nogués P, Cantí C, Herreros J. Nuclear phosphorylated Y142 β-catenin accumulates in astrocytomas and glioblastomas and regulates cell invasion. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3644-55. [PMID: 26654598 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast growing brain tumor characterized by extensive infiltration into the surrounding tissue and one of the most aggressive cancers. GBM is the most common glioma (originating from glial-derived cells) that either evolves from a low grade astrocytoma or appears de novo. Wnt/β-catenin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling are hyperactive in human gliomas, where they regulate cell proliferation, migration and stem cell behavior. We previously demonstrated that β-catenin is phosphorylated at Y142 by recombinant c-Met kinase and downstream of HGF signaling in neurons. Here we studied phosphoY142 (PY142) β-catenin and dephospho S/T β-catenin (a classical Wnt transducer) in glioma biopsies, GBM cell lines and biopsy-derived glioma cell cultures. We found that PY142 β-catenin mainly localizes in the nucleus and signals through transcriptional activation in GBM cells. Tissue microarray analysis confirmed strong nuclear PY142 β-catenin immunostaining in astrocytoma and GBM biopsies. By contrast, active β-catenin showed nuclear localization only in GBM samples. Western blot analysis of tumor biopsies further indicated that PY142 and active β-catenin accumulate independently, correlating with the expression of Snail/Slug (an epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker) and Cyclin-D1 (a regulator of cell cycle progression), respectively, in high grade astrocytomas and GBMs. Moreover, GBM cells stimulated with HGF showed increasing levels of PY142 β-catenin and Snail/Slug. Importantly, the expression of mutant Y142F β-catenin decreased cell detachment and invasion induced by HGF in GBM cell lines and biopsy-derived cell cultures. Our results identify PY142 β-catenin as a nuclear β-catenin signaling form that downregulates adhesion and promotes GBM cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Náger
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- b Immunohistochemical and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Units; IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Deepshikha Bhardwaj
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Joan Valls
- b Immunohistochemical and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Units; IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- c Institute of Neuropathology; Hospital de Bellvitge-IDIBELL ; Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pere Nogués
- d Neurosurgery Unit; Hospital Arnau de Vilanova ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- a Departments of Basic Medical Sciences & Experimental Medicine ; University of Lleida & IRBLleida ; Lleida , Spain
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Strategies of targeting the extracellular domain of RON tyrosine kinase receptor for cancer therapy and drug delivery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2429-2446. [PMID: 27503093 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the most important life-threatening diseases in the world. The current efforts to combat cancer are being focused on molecular-targeted therapies. The main purpose of such approaches is based on targeting cancer cell-specific molecules to minimize toxicity for the normal cells. RON (Recepteur d'Origine Nantais) tyrosine kinase receptor is one of the promising targets in cancer-targeted therapy and drug delivery. METHODS In this review, we will summarize the available agents against extracellular domain of RON with potential antitumor activities. RESULTS The presented antibodies and antibody drug conjugates against RON in this review showed wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities promising the hope for them entering the clinical trials. CONCLUSION Due to critical role of extracellular domain of RON in receptor activation, the development of therapeutic agents against this region could lead to fruitful outcome in cancer therapy.
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Brown N, McBain C, Nash S, Hopkins K, Sanghera P, Saran F, Phillips M, Dungey F, Clifton-Hadley L, Wanek K, Krell D, Jeffries S, Khan I, Smith P, Mulholland P. Multi-Center Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Cediranib plus Gefitinib with Cediranib plus Placebo in Subjects with Recurrent/Progressive Glioblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156369. [PMID: 27232884 PMCID: PMC4883746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cediranib, an oral pan-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, failed to show benefit over lomustine in relapsed glioblastoma. One resistance mechanism for cediranib is up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study aimed to determine if dual therapy with cediranib and the oral EGFR inhibitor gefitinib improved outcome in recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS AND FINDINGS This was a multi-center randomized, two-armed, double-blinded phase II study comparing cediranib plus gefitinib versus cediranib plus placebo in subjects with first relapse/first progression of glioblastoma following surgery and chemoradiotherapy. The primary outcome measure was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary outcome measures included overall survival (OS) and radiologic response rate. Recruitment was terminated early following suspension of the cediranib program. 38 subjects (112 planned) were enrolled with 19 subjects in each treatment arm. Median PFS with cediranib plus gefitinib was 3.6 months compared to 2.8 months for cediranib plus placebo (HR; 0.72, 90% CI; 0.41 to 1.26). Median OS was 7.2 months with cediranib plus gefitinib and 5.5 months with cediranib plus placebo (HR; 0.68, 90% CI; 0.39 to 1.19). Eight subjects (42%) had a partial response in the cediranib plus gefitinib arm versus five patients (26%) in the cediranib plus placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS Cediranib and gefitinib in combination is tolerated in patients with glioblastoma. Incomplete recruitment led to the study being underpowered. However, a trend towards improved survival and response rates with the addition of gefitinib to cediranib was observed. Further studies of the combination incorporating EGFR and VEGF inhibition are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01310855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brown
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen Nash
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Hopkins
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sanghera
- Hall Edwards Radiotherapy Research Group, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Saran
- Department of Radiotherapy and Paediatric Oncology, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Phillips
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Dungey
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katharina Wanek
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Krell
- Department of Academic Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jeffries
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iftekhar Khan
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Mulholland
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pourgholi F, Hajivalili M, Farhad JN, Kafil HS, Yousefi M. Nanoparticles: Novel vehicles in treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 77:98-107. [PMID: 26796272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common brain tumor. The current GBM treatments comprise of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. One of the most important problems regarding the treatment of GBM is the presence of blood brain barrier (BBB) which inhibits the efficient drug delivery into central nervous system (CNS). Nanothechnology can help to deliver therapeutic drugs into CNS through crossing the BBB. There are different types of nanoparticles (Nps) which can be manipulated for clinical applications as a treatment for CNS-related disorders. In this review, we will discuss the role of Nps in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourgholi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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31
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Saunders VC, Lafitte M, Adrados I, Quereda V, Feurstein D, Ling Y, Fallahi M, Rosenberg LH, Duckett DR. Identification of an EGFRvIII-JNK2-HGF/c-Met–Signaling Axis Required for Intercellular Crosstalk and Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Invasion. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:962-9. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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The EGFR-HER2 module: a stem cell approach to understanding a prime target and driver of solid tumors. Oncogene 2015; 35:2949-60. [PMID: 26434585 PMCID: PMC4820040 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and a coreceptor denoted HER2/ERBB2 are frequently overexpressed or mutated in solid tumors, such as carcinomas and gliomas. In line with driver roles, cancer drugs intercepting EGFR or HER2 currently outnumber therapies targeting other hubs of signal transduction. To explain the roles for EGFR and HER2 as prime drivers and targets, we take lessons from invertebrates and refer to homeostatic regulation of several mammalian tissues. The model we infer ascribes to the EGFR-HER2 module pivotal functions in rapid clonal expansion of progenitors called transient amplifying cells (TACs). Accordingly, TACs of tumors suffer from replication stress, and hence accumulate mutations. In addition, several lines of evidence propose that in response to EGF and related mitogens, TACs might undergo dedifferentiation into tissue stem cells, which might enable entry of oncogenic mutations into the stem cell compartment. According to this view, antibodies or kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR-HER2 effectively retard some solid tumors because they arrest mutation-enriched TACs and possibly inhibit their dedifferentiation. Deeper understanding of the EGFR-HER2 module and relations between cancer stem cells and TACs will enhance our ability to control a broad spectrum of human malignancies.
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Truncated RAF kinases drive resistance to MET inhibition in MET-addicted cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:221-33. [PMID: 25473895 PMCID: PMC4381590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are known oncogenic drivers and provide valuable therapeutic targets in many cancer types. However, clinical efficacy of RTK inhibitors is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. To identify genes conferring resistance to inhibition of the MET RTK, we conducted a forward genetics screen in the GTL-16 gastric cancer cell line, carrying MET amplification and exquisitely sensitive to MET inhibition. Cells were transduced with three different retroviral cDNA expression libraries and selected for growth in the presence of the MET inhibitor PHA-665752. Selected cells displayed robust and reproducible enrichment of library-derived cDNAs encoding truncated forms of RAF1 and BRAF proteins, whose silencing reversed the resistant phenotype. Transduction of naïve GTL-16 cells with truncated, but not full length, RAF1 and BRAF conferred in vitro and in vivo resistance to MET inhibitors, which could be reversed by MEK inhibition. Induction of resistance by truncated RAFs was confirmed in other MET-addicted cell lines, and further extended to EGFR-addicted cells. These data show that truncated RAF1 and BRAF proteins, recently described as products of genomic rearrangements in gastric cancer and other malignancies, have the ability to render neoplastic cells resistant to RTK-targeted therapy.
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Bill KLJ, Garnett J, Ma X, May C, Bolshakov S, Lazar AJ, Lev D, Pollock RE. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor as a potential therapeutic target for dedifferentiated liposarcoma. J Transl Med 2015; 95:951-61. [PMID: 26006023 PMCID: PMC4520775 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies, with surgical resection remaining the classic treatment strategy; therefore, there is a pressing need for novel anti-DDLPS-targeted chemotherapeutics. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) expression is elevated in DDLPS, but the functional role of Met signaling in this disease is not known. We found that the in vitro stimulation of DDLPS cells with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elevated the degree of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway signaling, and that pro-tumorigenic phenotypes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly enhanced. Conversely, Met knockdown using shRNA-mediated interference decreased HGF-induced Met signaling, the invasive and migratory nature of DDLPS cells in vitro, and the tumorigenicity of DDLPS cells in vivo. These data strongly support the role for Met as a DDLPS therapeutic target. To that end, using EMD1214063, an ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor that targets Met more specifically than other kinases, inhibited Met-dependent signaling, reduced the oncogenicity of DDLPS cells in vitro, and significantly increased the survival of nude mice bearing subcutaneous DDLPS xenografts. These findings support further investigations of HGF-induced Met signaling inhibition in DDLPS, as a potential strategy to enhance clinical outcomes for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lynn J. Bill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeannine Garnett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin May
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Svetlana Bolshakov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dina Lev
- Department of Surgery, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael E. Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA
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Adaptive protein and phosphoprotein networks which promote therapeutic sensitivity or acquired resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:758-64. [PMID: 25109954 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of dozens of oncogenic targets and corresponding molecularly targeted therapies, in most cases tumours continue to progress or recur due to therapeutic resistance. In the present review, we highlight the ability of MS-based phosphoproteomics to quantify oncogenic signalling networks driving tumour growth and invasion, as well as those networks enabling tumour cell survival in the presence of chemotherapeutics. Quantitative protein phosphorylation profiling will facilitate the design and development of optimal therapeutic strategies targeting the initial tumour while simultaneously blocking the predominant resistance mechanisms.
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Kegelman TP, Hu B, Emdad L, Das SK, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. In vivo modeling of malignant glioma: the road to effective therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 121:261-330. [PMID: 24889534 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800249-0.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increased emphasis on developing new therapies for malignant gliomas, they remain among the most intractable tumors faced today as they demonstrate a remarkable ability to evade current treatment strategies. Numerous candidate treatments fail at late stages, often after showing promising preclinical results. This disconnect highlights the continued need for improved animal models of glioma, which can be used to both screen potential targets and authentically recapitulate the human condition. This review examines recent developments in the animal modeling of glioma, from more established rat models to intriguing new systems using Drosophila and zebrafish that set the stage for higher throughput studies of potentially useful targets. It also addresses the versatility of mouse modeling using newly developed techniques recreating human protocols and sophisticated genetically engineered approaches that aim to characterize the biology of gliomagenesis. The use of these and future models will elucidate both new targets and effective combination therapies that will impact on disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Kegelman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Shabani M, Naseri J, Shokri F. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1: a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:941-55. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1025753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Greenall SA, Donoghue JF, Van Sinderen M, Dubljevic V, Budiman S, Devlin M, Street I, Adams TE, Johns TG. EGFRvIII-mediated transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases in glioma: mechanism and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2015; 34:5277-87. [PMID: 25659577 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A truncation mutant of the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFRvIII, is commonly expressed in glioma, an incurable brain cancer. EGFRvIII is tumorigenic, in part, through its transactivation of other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Preventing the effects of this transactivation could form part of an effective therapy for glioma; however, the mechanism by which the transactivation occurs is unknown. Focusing on the RTK MET, we show that MET transactivation in U87MG human glioma cells in vitro is proportional to EGFRvIII activity and involves MET heterodimerization associated with a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) scaffold. The transactivation of certain other RTKs was, however, independent of FAK. Simultaneously targeting EGFRvIII (with panitumumab) and the transactivated RTKs themselves (with motesanib) in an intracranial mouse model of glioma resulted in significantly greater survival than with either agent alone, indicating that cotargeting these RTKs has potent antitumor efficacy and providing a strategy for treating EGFRvIII-expressing gliomas, which are usually refractory to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Greenall
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J F Donoghue
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Van Sinderen
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - V Dubljevic
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - S Budiman
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Devlin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - I Street
- CRC for Cancer Therapeutics, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - T E Adams
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - T G Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Kowalczuk O, Kozlowski M, Niklinska W, Kisluk J, Niklinska BJ, Niklinski J. Increased MET Gene Copy Number but Not mRNA Level Predicts Postoperative Recurrence in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:605-12. [PMID: 25389455 PMCID: PMC4225656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of MET copy number (CN) and MET mRNA expression to other molecular alterations, clinicopathologic characteristics, and survival of patients with resected non–small cell lung cancer. One hundred fifty-one paired surgical samples of tumor and tumor-distant normal lung tissues were analyzed by comparative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods with commercially available assays and the CopyCaller software v. 1.0 for post-PCR data processing (downloadable from www.appliedbiosystems.com). MET copy gain (set as more than 3.0 copies per cell) was found in 18.5% of the samples and occurred more frequently in the adenocarcinomas (ADCs) with an increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) CN (P = .001 and .030 for EGFR and HER2, respectively) and in the ADCs with EGFR activating mutations (P = .051) but did not correlate with KRAS dosage or mutational status. MET mRNA level was 1.76-fold higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-2.40] in the tumor compared to unaffected lung tissue and associated significantly with MET CN (beta coefficient, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.22-1.87; P < .001). In the multivariable analysis, patients diagnosed with ADC with increased MET CN had a significantly higher risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.20-2.57; P = .004). An increased MET CN in combination with histologic type appears to be a prognostic factor in patients with ADC after a curative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Kowalczuk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Kozlowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiesława Niklinska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisluk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Bastien JIL, McNeill KA, Fine HA. Molecular characterizations of glioblastoma, targeted therapy, and clinical results to date. Cancer 2014; 121:502-16. [PMID: 25250735 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, extensive multiplatform genome-wide analysis has yielded a wealth of knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular makeup of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These profiling studies support the emerging view that GBM comprises a group of highly heterogeneous tumor types, each with its own distinct molecular and genetic signatures. This heterogeneity complicates the process of defining reliable intertumor/intratumor biological states, which will ultimately be needed for classifying tumors and for designing effective customized therapies that target resultant disease pathways. The increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GBM has brought the hope and expectation that such knowledge will lead to better and more rational therapies directed toward specific molecular targets. To date, however, these expectations have largely been unrealized. This review discusses some of the principal genetic and epigenetic aberrations found in GBM that appear promising for targeted therapies now and in the near future, and it offers suggestions for future directions concerning the rather disappointing results of clinical trials to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson I L Bastien
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Zhang X, Liang H, Tan Y, Wu X, Li S, Shi Y. A U87-EGFRvIII cell-specific aptamer mediates small interfering RNA delivery. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:495-499. [PMID: 24944794 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
U87-EGFRvIII is a U87 glioma cell line that overexpresses epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII). In the present study, we investigated whether a DNA aptamer selected against U87-EGFRvIII using cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-SELEX) could deliver c-Met small interfering RNA (siRNA) into U87-EGFRvIII cells and silence the targeted gene expression. The selected biotinylated aptamer (BA) was coupled to biotinylated c-Met siRNA by streptavidin to deliver siRNA into U87-EGFRvIII cells. c-Met siRNA, transfected with lipofectamine 2000, served as a positive control, while control siRNA, transferred with BA, served as a negative control. Western blotting was performed to detect changes in the c-Met protein expression, and MTT and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodine assays were used to determine changes in the proliferation and apoptosis of U87-EGFRvIII cells, respectively. Similar to the liposome-mediated group, U87-EGFRvIII cells that were transfected with BA-c-Met siRNA experienced a significant decrease in the c-Met protein expression (P<0.05). There were also significant increases in the apoptotic rate (P<0.05) and inhibition rate of cell growth (P<0.01) compared with the negative control group, indicating that BA could deliver c-Met siRNA into U87-EGFRvIII and result in target gene silencing. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that this DNA aptamer, obtained through cell-SELEX, can be used as an efficient and targeted carrier for siRNA delivery, providing a novel approach and strategy for the targeted combination therapy of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xidong Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shuji Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Greenall SA, Donoghue JF, Gottardo NG, Johns TG, Adams TE. Glioma-specific Domain IV EGFR cysteine mutations promote ligand-induced covalent receptor dimerization and display enhanced sensitivity to dacomitinib in vivo. Oncogene 2014; 34:1658-66. [PMID: 24747966 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A feature of many gliomas is the amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), resulting in its overexpression. Missense mutations or deletions within the extracellular domain are associated with this amplification and can lead to constitutive activation of the receptor, with the Domain I/II deletion, EGFRvIII, being the most common. These changes have also been associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR inhibition using small molecule inhibitors. We have expressed, in human glioma cells, EGFR containing four glioma-specific EGFR missense mutations within Domain IV (C620Y, C624F, C628Y and C636Y) to analyze their biological properties and sensitivity to EGFR inhibition. One of these mutants, C620Y, exhibited an enhanced basal phosphorylation, which was partially dependent on an EGFR-ligand autocrine loop. All Domain IV mutants responded equally as well as wildtype EGFR (wtEGFR) to ligand stimulation. Biochemical analysis revealed that a pre-formed, disulfide-bonded dimer associated with these mutations was underglycosylated, inactive and cytoplasmically retained. Ligand stimulation resulted in the formation of a tyrosine-phosphorylated, disulfide-bonded dimer for all Domain IV mutants but not for wtEGFR. Following treatment with the next-generation, irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor dacomitinib, the C620Y, C624F and EGFRvIII mutants were inactivated, covalently dimerized and were retained in the cytoplasm, resulting in cell-surface receptor loss and, for C620Y and C624F, decreased binding of EGF. Dacomitinib treatment significantly reduced the in vivo growth of human glioma xenografts bearing C620Y, but not wtEGFR. Collectively, these data indicate that the unique biochemical traits of Domain IV EGFR cysteine mutants can be exploited for enhanced sensitivity to EGFR small molecule inhibitors, with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Greenall
- 160;CSIRO Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J F Donoghue
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - N G Gottardo
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Child Health Research, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - T G Johns
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - T E Adams
- 160;CSIRO Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Dietrich J, Diamond EL, Kesari S. Glioma stem cell signaling: therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:709-22. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Du X, Yang J, Ylipää A, Zhu Z. Genomic amplification and high expression of EGFR are key targetable oncogenic events in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:93. [PMID: 24341609 PMCID: PMC3878771 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dismal outcome of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) highlights the necessity of finding new therapeutic methods to benefit patients with this aggressive sarcoma. Our purpose was to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a potential therapeutic target in MPNSTs. Patients and methods We performed a microarray based-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) profiling of two cohorts of primary MPNST tissue samples including 25 patients treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MD Anderson) and 26 patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital (TMUCIH). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was used to validate the gene amplification detected by aCGH analysis. Another independent cohort of 56 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) MPNST samples was obtained to explore EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Cell biology detection and validation were performed on human MPNST cell lines ST88-14 and STS26T. Results aCGH and pathway analysis of the 51 MPNSTs identified significant gene amplification events in EGFR pathway, including frequent amplifications of EGFR gene itself, which was subsequently validated by FISH assay. High expression of EGFR protein was associated with poor disease-free and overall survival of human MPNST patients. In human MPNST cell lines ST88-14 and STS26T, inhibition of EGFR by siRNA or Gefitinib led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion accompanied by attenuation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. Conclusion These results suggest that EGFR is a potential therapeutic target for MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, National Clinical Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Regulation of HGF expression by ΔEGFR-mediated c-Met activation in glioblastoma cells. Neoplasia 2013; 15:73-84. [PMID: 23359207 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) and a constitutively active mutant of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ΔEGFR/EGFRvIII) are frequently overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and promote tumorigenesis. The mechanisms underlying elevated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) production in GBM are not understood. We found higher, coordinated mRNA expression levels of HGF and c-Met in mesenchymal (Mes) GBMs, a subtype associated with poor treatment response and shorter overall survival. In an HGF/c-Met-dependent GBM cell line, HGF expression declined upon silencing of c-Met using RNAi or by inhibiting its activity with SU11274. Silencing c-Met decreased anchorage-independent colony formation and increased the survival of mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Consistent with these findings, c-Met activation by ΔEGFR also elevated HGF expression, and the inhibition of ΔEGFR with AG1478 reduced HGF levels. Interestingly, c-Met expression was required for ΔEGFR-mediated HGF production, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumorigenicity, suggesting that these pathways are coupled. Using an unbiased mass spectrometry-based screen, we show that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) Y705 is a downstream target of c-Met signaling. Suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation with WP1193 reduced HGF expression in ΔEGFR-expressing GBM cells, whereas constitutively active STAT3 partially rescued HGF expression and colony formation in c-Met knockdown cells expressing ΔEGFR. These results suggest that the c-Met/HGF signaling axis is enhanced by ΔEGFR through increased STAT3-dependent HGF expression and that targeting c-Met in Mes GBMs may be an important strategy for therapy.
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46
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Li L, Chakraborty S, Yang CR, Hatanpaa KJ, Cipher DJ, Puliyappadamba VT, Rehman A, Jiwani AJ, Mickey B, Madden C, Raisanen J, Burma S, Saha D, Wang Z, Pingle SC, Kesari S, Boothman DA, Habib AA. An EGFR wild type-EGFRvIII-HB-EGF feed-forward loop regulates the activation of EGFRvIII. Oncogene 2013; 33:4253-64. [PMID: 24077285 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
EGFRvIII is a key oncogene in glioblastoma (GBM). EGFRvIII results from an in-frame deletion in the extracellular domain of EGFR, does not bind ligand and is thought to be constitutively active. Although EGFRvIII dimerization is known to activate EGFRvIII, the factors that drive EGFRvIII dimerization and activation are not well understood. Here we present a new model of EGFRvIII activation and propose that oncogenic activation of EGFRvIII in glioma cells is driven by co-expressed activated EGFR wild type (EGFRwt). Increasing EGFRwt leads to a striking increase in EGFRvIII tyrosine phosphorylation and activation while silencing EGFRwt inhibits EGFRvIII activation. Both the dimerization arm and the kinase activity of EGFRwt are required for EGFRvIII activation. EGFRwt activates EGFRvIII by facilitating EGFRvIII dimerization. We have previously identified HB-EGF, a ligand for EGFRwt, as a gene induced specifically by EGFRvIII. In this study, we show that HB-EGF is induced by EGFRvIII only when EGFRwt is present. Remarkably, altering HB-EGF recapitulates the effect of EGFRwt on EGFRvIII activation. Thus, increasing HB-EGF leads to a striking increase in EGFRvIII tyrosine phosphorylation while silencing HB-EGF attenuates EGFRvIII phosphorylation, suggesting that an EGFRvIII-HB-EGF-EGFRwt feed-forward loop regulates EGFRvIII activation. Silencing EGFRwt or HB-EGF leads to a striking inhibition of EGFRvIII-induced tumorigenicity, while increasing EGFRwt or HB-EGF levels resulted in accelerated EGFRvIII-mediated oncogenicity in an orthotopic mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of this loop in human GBM. Thus, our data demonstrate that oncogenic activation of EGFRvIII in GBM is likely maintained by a continuous EGFRwt-EGFRvIII-HB-EGF loop, potentially an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C-R Yang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D J Cipher
- College of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - V T Puliyappadamba
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A J Jiwani
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - B Mickey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Madden
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Burma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - S C Pingle
- Department of Neurosciences, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S Kesari
- Department of Neurosciences, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, CA, USA
| | - D A Boothman
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A A Habib
- 1] Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [2] Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [3] VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
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47
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Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma symbolizes a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from malignant transformation of lymphocytes with differing patterns of behavior and responses to treatment. The potential curability of non-Hodgkin lymphoma differs among the various histologic subtypes and is associated in part with the stage at presentation. CD19 antigen is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin Ig superfamily. CD19 is specifically expressed in normal and neoplastic B-cells. Recent study showed that in a mouse model, CD19 and c-Myc synergize functionally to accelerate B-cell lymphomagenesis, which is associated with increased disease severity. Specificity is the most important challenge in cancer therapeutics. Antibody–drug conjugates have the prospect of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy over unconjugated monoclonal antibodies through the selective delivery of cytotoxic agents to cancer cells. The ubiquitous expression of CD19 in these tumors, especially at an earlier stage and the property of efficient internalization, makes CD19 an attractive and affective target for antibody–drug conjugate therapy as compared to CD20. SAR3419 (huB4-DM4) is a novel antibody–drug conjugate that is composed of a humanized monoclonal IgG1 anti-CD19 antibody (huB4) attached to the potent cytotoxic drug, a maytansine derivative (DM4), through a cleavable disulfide cross-linking agent N-Succinimidyl-4-2-pyridyldithio butanoic acid (SPDB). The preclinical efficacy of maytansine derivative–anti-CD19 conjugate was demonstrated in our laboratory, and SAR3419 was found to be more effective than CHOP in a xenograft model. Phase I trials have also been conducted on the basis of preclinical studies that demonstrated promising antitumor activity with acceptable safety results in human B-cell lymphoma models. Additional trials are ongoing and will provide additional insight into the full potential of this novel drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raufi
- Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
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48
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Gan HK, Cvrljevic AN, Johns TG. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII): where wild things are altered. FEBS J 2013; 280:5350-70. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui K. Gan
- Tumour Targeting Program; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Anna N. Cvrljevic
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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Liu XJ, Wu WT, Wu WH, Yin F, Ma SH, Qin JZ, Liu XX, Liu YN, Zhang XY, Li P, Han S, Liu KY, Zhang JM, He QH, Shen L. A minority subpopulation of CD133(+) /EGFRvIII(+) /EGFR(-) cells acquires stemness and contributes to gefitinib resistance. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:494-502. [PMID: 23575351 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the contribution of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stemness and gefitinib resistance. METHODS CD133(+) and CD133(-) cells were separated from EGFRvIII(+) clinical specimens of three patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Then, RT-PCR was performed to evaluate EGFRvIII and EGFR expression in CD133(+) and CD133(-) cells. The tumorigenicity and stemness of CD133(+) cells was verified by intracranial implantation of 5 × 10(3) cells into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Finally, cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition by gefitinib. RESULTS RT-PCR results showed that the sorted CD133(+) cells expressed EGFRvIII exclusively, while the CD133(-) cells expressed both EGFRvIII and EGFR. At 6-8 weeks postimplantation, CD133(+) /EGFRvIII(+) /EGFR(-) cells formed intracranial tumors. Cell counting kit-8 results showed that the IC50 values of the three isolated EGFRvIII(+) cell lines treated with gefitinib were 14.44, 16.00, and 14.66 μM, respectively, whereas the IC50 value of an isolated EGFRvIII(-) cell line was 8.57 μM. CONCLUSIONS EGFRvIII contributes to the stemness of cancer stem cells through coexpression with CD133 in GBMs. Furthermore, CD133(+) /EGFRvIII(+) /EGFR(-) cells have the ability to initiate tumor formation and may contribute to gefitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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50
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Abstract
Despite an improved understanding of the molecular aberrations that occur in glioblastoma, the use of molecularly targeted therapies have so far been disappointing. We present a patient with three different brain tumours: astrocytoma, glioblastoma and gliosarcoma. Genetic analysis showed that the three different brain tumours were derived from a common origin but had each developed unique genetic aberrations. Included in these, the glioblastoma had PDGFRA amplification, whereas the gliosarcoma had MYC amplification. We propose that genetic heterogeneity contributes to treatment failure and requires comprehensive assessment in the era of personalised medicine.
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