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Mone P, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Pansini A, Lombardi A, Frullone S, Santulli G. SGLT2 Inhibition via Empagliflozin Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Insights From Frail Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients. Hypertension 2022; 79:1633-1643. [PMID: 35703100 PMCID: PMC9642044 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a multidimensional condition often diagnosed in older adults with hypertension and diabetes, and both these conditions are associated with endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We investigated the functional role of the SGLT2 (sodium glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor empagliflozin in frail diabetic and hypertensive older adults. METHODS We studied the effects of empagliflozin in consecutive hypertensive and diabetic older patients with frailty presenting at the ASL (local health unit of the Italian Ministry of Health) of Avellino, Italy, from March 2021 to January 2022. Moreover, we performed in vitro experiments in human endothelial cells to measure cell viability, permeability, mitochondrial Ca2+, and oxidative stress. RESULTS We evaluated 407 patients; 325 frail elders with diabetes successfully completed the study. We propensity-score matched 75 patients treated with empagliflozin and 75 with no empagliflozin. We observed a correlation between glycemia and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and between glycemia and 5-meter gait speed (5mGS). At 3-month follow-up, we detected a significant improvement in the MoCA score and in the 5mGS in patients receiving empagliflozin compared with non-treated subjects. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that empagliflozin significantly reduces mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and reactive oxygen species production triggered by high glucose in human endothelial cells, attenuates cellular permeability, and improves cell viability in response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that empagliflozin reduces frailty in diabetic and hypertensive patients, most likely by decreasing the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY,Asl Avellino,Corresponding Author: Prof. Gaetano Santulli, MD, PhD () or Dr. Pasquale Mone, MD () Address: 1300 Morris PARK AVENUE, 10461 New York, NY
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY.,Corresponding Author: Prof. Gaetano Santulli, MD, PhD () or Dr. Pasquale Mone, MD () Address: 1300 Morris PARK AVENUE, 10461 New York, NY
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2
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Lombardi A, Concepcion E, Hou H, Arib H, Mezei M, Osman R, Tomer Y. Retro-inverso D-peptides as a novel targeted immunotherapy for Type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2020; 115:102543. [PMID: 32951964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, the number of people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) has increased by 4% per year, making it an important public health challenge. Currently, no curative therapy exists for T1D and the only available treatment is insulin replacement. HLA-DQ8 has been shown to present antigenic islet peptides driving the activation of CD4+ T-cells in T1D patients. Specifically, the insulin peptide InsB:9-23 activates self-reactive CD4+ T-cells, causing pancreatic beta cell destruction. The aim of the current study was to identify retro-inverso-d-amino acid based peptides (RI-D-peptides) that can suppress T-cell activation by blocking the presentation of InsB:9-23 peptide within HLA-DQ8 pocket. We identified a RI-D-peptide (RI-EXT) that inhibited InsB:9-23 binding to recombinant HLA-DQ8 molecule, as well as its binding to DQ8 expressed on human B-cells. RI-EXT prevented T-cell activation in a cellular antigen presentation assay containing human DQ8 cells loaded with InsB:9-23 peptide and murine T-cells expressing a human T-cell receptor specific for the InsB:9-23-DQ8 complex. Moreover, RI-EXT blocked T-cell activation by InsB:9-23 in a humanized DQ8 mice both ex vivo and in vivo, as shown by decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ and reduced lymphocyte proliferation. Interestingly, RI-EXT also blocked lymphocyte activation and proliferation by InsB:9-23 in PBMCs isolated from recent onset DQ8-T1D patients. In summary, we discovered a RI-D-peptide that blocks InsB:9-23 binding to HLA-DQ8 and its presentation to T-cells in T1D. These findings set the stage for using our approach as a novel therapy for patients with T1D and potentially other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Erlinda Concepcion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hanxi Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hanane Arib
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roman Osman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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3
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miR-7 Regulates GLP-1-Mediated Insulin Release by Targeting β-Arrestin 1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071621. [PMID: 32640511 PMCID: PMC7407368 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion binding GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic β cells. β-arrestin 1 (βARR1) is known to regulate the desensitization of GLP-1 receptor. Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are fundamental in the regulation of β cell function and insulin release. However, the regulation of GLP-1/βARR1 pathways by miRs has never been explored. Our hypothesis is that specific miRs can modulate the GLP-1/βARR1 axis in β cells. To test this hypothesis, we applied a bioinformatic approach to detect miRs that could target βARR1; we identified hsa-miR-7-5p (miR-7) and we validated the specific interaction of this miR with βARR1. Then, we verified that GLP-1 was indeed able to regulate the transcription of miR-7 and βARR1, and that miR-7 significantly regulated GLP-1-induced insulin release and cyclic AMP (cAMP) production in β cells. Taken together, our findings indicate, for the first time, that miR-7 plays a functional role in the regulation of GLP-1-mediated insulin release by targeting βARR1. These results have a decisive clinical impact given the importance of drugs modulating GLP-1 signaling in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Wei S, Li T, Xie R, Ye B, Xiang J, Liu K, Chen Z, Gao X. The role of ATF3 in ZnO nanoparticle-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 113:95-102. [PMID: 31220582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO NP) exposure causes oxidative stress in the respiratory system, leading to pulmonary damage. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) participates in a variety of cellular stress responses. However, the role of ATF3 in ZnO NP genotoxicity and cytotoxicity remains to be explored. Here we reported that ZnO NP treatment dramatically induced the expression of ATF3 in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, which was mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). ATF3 was required for the repair of ZnO NP-induced DNA damage as gamma foci number increased when endogenous ATF3 was silenced. Moreover, ATF3 also contributed to ZnO NP-induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistic study revealed that ATF3 interacted with the p53 protein and upregulated its expression under ZnO NP treatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrated ATF3 as an important regulator of epithelial homeostasis by promoting both DNA repair and the death of damaged cells under ZnO NP-induced genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bingqi Ye
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Health, and Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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5
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Chen HQ, Gao D. Inhibitory effect of microRNA-154 targeting WHSC1 on cell proliferation of human skin squamous cell carcinoma through mediating the P53 signaling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 100:22-29. [PMID: 29727714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignancy and ranks as the sixth most deadly cancer worldwide. Hence, this study aims to explore the effect of microRNA-154 (miR-154) targeting WHSC1 on proliferation and apoptosis of SCC cells via the P53 signaling pathway. METHODS The targeting relationship between WHSC1 and miR-154 was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were included, and SCC A431 and SCC-15 cell lines were cultured and transfected with miR-154 mimic, miR-154 inhibitor or siRNA-WHSC1. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used for the miR-154 expression and levels of WHSC1, P53 signaling pathway- and apoptosis-related genes. MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to determine the cell viability and apoptosis. RESULTS WHSC1 is a target gene of miR-154. MiR-154 negatively regulated WHSC1 expression and inhibited the activation of P53 signaling pathway. In response to miR-154 mimic or siRNA-WHSC1, SCC A431 and SCC-15 cell lines exhibited increased expression of P73, P16 and Bax, decreased expression of WHSC1, P53, c-myc and Bcl-2, as well as attenuated cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis. The treatment of miR-154 inhibitor reversed the tendency. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that up-regulation of miR-154 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human skin SCC cells by down-regulating WHSC1 and blocking the P53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Quan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Dong Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, No. 20 Yu Huang Ding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, PR China.
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6
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Zhai M, Guo J, Ma H, Shi W, Jou D, Yan D, Liu T, Tao J, Duan J, Wang Y, Li S, Lv J, Li C, Lin J, Zhang C, Lin L. Ursolic acid prevents angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2018; 271:128-135. [PMID: 29499360 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) play important roles. However, it remains unclear whether ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, can have an impact on STAT3 and ADAM17 and hence influence the formation of AAA. The objective of this study was to characterize the potential effect of UA on the pathogenesis of AAA and on STAT3 and ADAM17. METHODS Male ApoE-/- mice were infused with angiotensin II (AngII) (1000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks to induce AAAs. Daily intragastric gavage with 100 mg/kg UA or tap water containing Tween 80 as controls was provided. Immunohistochemistry, cell viability assay, colony formation, wound healing assay, and Western blot were used to explore the potential effect of UA on AAA. RESULTS UA decreased the incidence of AngII-induced AAA in mice. UA alleviated the degradation of elastin fibers and inflammation and decreased the expression of MMP2, MMP9, ADAM17 and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) in aorta of mice induced with AngII. UA inhibited the constitutive and stimuli-induced (AngII and tumor necrosis factor-α) expression of MMP2, MMP9, ADAM17 and pSTAT3 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, UA decreased cell viability, and suppressed colony formation and wound healing in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that UA ameliorated the severity of AAA and exhibited an inhibitory effect on the expression of pSTAT3 and ADAM17. UA might emerge as a promising agent contributing to the prevention or treatment of AAA.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM17 Protein/metabolism
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elastin/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Wound Healing/drug effects
- Ursolic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Zhai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - David Jou
- Center for Childhood Cancer, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Dan Yan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Mechanical phenotyping of K562 cells by the Micropipette Aspiration Technique allows identifying mechanical changes induced by drugs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1219. [PMID: 29352174 PMCID: PMC5775209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of living cells can be used as reliable markers of their state, such as the presence of a pathological state or their differentiation phase. The mechanical behavior of cells depends on the organization of their cytoskeletal network and the main contribution typically comes from the actomyosin contractile system, in both suspended and adherent cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a pharmaceutical formulation (OTC – Ossitetraciclina liquida 20%) used as antibiotic, on the mechanical properties of K562 cells by using the Micropipette Aspiration Technique (MAT). This formulation has been shown to increase in a time dependent way the inflammation and toxicity in terms of apoptosis in in vitro experiments on K562 and other types of cells. Here we show that by measuring the mechanical properties of cells exposed to OTC for different incubation times, it is possible to infer modifications induced by the formulation to the actomyosin contractile system. We emphasize that this system is involved in the first stages of the apoptotic process where an increase of the cortical tension leads to the formation of blebs. We discuss the possible relation between the observed mechanical behavior of cells aspirated inside a micropipette and apoptosis.
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Impaired mitochondrial calcium uptake caused by tacrolimus underlies beta-cell failure. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:47. [PMID: 29132395 PMCID: PMC5684747 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common side effects of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506) is the increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully clarified. METHODS We studied the effects of the therapeutic dose of tacrolimus on mitochondrial fitness in beta-cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that tacrolimus impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta-cells through a previously unidentified mechanism. Indeed, tacrolimus causes a decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, accompanied by altered mitochondrial respiration and reduced ATP production, eventually leading to impaired GSIS. CONCLUSION Our observations individuate a new fundamental mechanism responsible for the augmented incidence of diabetes following tacrolimus treatment. Indeed, this drug alters Ca2+ fluxes in mitochondria, thereby compromising metabolism-secretion coupling in beta-cells.
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Lombardi A, Tomer Y. Interferon alpha impairs insulin production in human beta cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Autoimmun 2017; 80:48-55. [PMID: 28238527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the research exploring the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the pathophysiological mechanisms involved remain unknown. We hypothesized in this study that interferon alpha (IFNα) participates in the early stages of T1D development by triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To verify our hypothesis, human islets and human EndoC-βH1 cells were exposed to IFNα and tested for ER stress markers, glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin content. IFNα treatment induced upregulation of ER stress markers including Binding immunoglobulin Protein, phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, spliced- X-box binding protein-1, C/EBP homologous protein and activating transcription factor 4. Intriguingly, IFNα treatment did not impair GSIS but significantly decreased insulin production in both human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells. Furthermore, IFNα decreased the expression of both proinsulin convertase 1 and proinsulin convertase 2, suggesting an altered functional state of the beta cells characterized by a slower proinsulin-insulin conversion. Pretreatment of both human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells with chemical chaperones 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid completely prevented IFNα effects, indicating an ER stress-mediated impairment of insulin production. We demonstrated for the first time that IFNα elicits ER stress in human beta cells providing a novel mechanistic role for this virus-induced cytokine in the development of T1D. Compounds targeting molecular processes altered in ER-stressed beta cells could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent IFNα-induced beta cell dysfunction in the early onset of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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10
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Longo M, Spinelli R, D'Esposito V, Zatterale F, Fiory F, Nigro C, Raciti GA, Miele C, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Di Jeso B. Pathologic endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by glucotoxic insults inhibits adipocyte differentiation and induces an inflammatory phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1146-56. [PMID: 26940722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is critical in obesity. By controlling new adipocyte recruitment, adipogenesis contrasts adipocyte hypertrophy and its adverse consequences, such as insulin resistance. Contrasting data are present in literature on the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) on adipocyte differentiation, being reported to be either necessary or inhibitory. In this study, we sought to clarify the effect of ER stress and UPR on adipocyte differentiation. We have used two different cell lines, the widely used pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells and a murine multipotent mesenchymal cell line, W20-17 cells. A strong ER stress activator, thapsigargin, and a pathologically relevant inducer of ER stress, glucosamine (GlcN), induced ER stress and UPR above those occurring in the absence of perturbation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Very low concentrations of 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA, a chemical chaperone) inhibited only the overactivation of ER stress and UPR elicited by GlcN, leaving unaltered the part physiologically activated during differentiation, and reversed the inhibitory effect of GlcN on differentiation. In addition, GlcN stimulated proinflammatory cytokine release and PBA prevented these effects. An inhibitor of NF-kB also reversed the effects of GlcN on cytokine release. These results indicate that while ER stress and UPR activation is "physiologically" activated during adipocyte differentiation, the "pathologic" part of ER stress activation, secondary to a glucotoxic insult, inhibits differentiation. In addition, such a metabolic insult, causes a shift of the preadipocyte/adipocyte population towards a proinflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Longo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gregory A Raciti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università "Federico II", °IEOS/CNR, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Di Jeso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Strada Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Di Cerbo A, Palatucci AT, Rubino V, Centenaro S, Giovazzino A, Fraccaroli E, Cortese L, Ruggiero G, Guidetti G, Canello S, Terrazzano G. Toxicological Implications and Inflammatory Response in Human Lymphocytes Challenged with Oxytetracycline. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 30:170-7. [PMID: 26537863 PMCID: PMC5063161 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in zoo technical and veterinary practices as feed supplementation to ensure wellness of farmed animals and livestock. Several evidences have been suggesting both the toxic role for tetracyclines, particularly for oxytetracycline (OTC). This potential toxicity appears of great relevance for human nutrition and for domestic animals. This study aimed to extend the evaluation of such toxicity. The biologic impact of the drug was assessed by evaluating the proinflammatory effect of OTC and their bone residues on cytokine secretion by in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results showed that both OTC and OTC‐bone residues significantly induced the T lymphocyte and non‐T cell secretion of interferon (IFN)‐γ, as cytokine involved in inflammatory responses in humans as well as in animals. These results may suggest a possible implication for new potential human and animal health risks depending on the entry of tetracyclines in the food‐processing chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A T Palatucci
- PhD School of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - V Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Research and Development Laboratory, GRAF SpA, Nonantola, (MO), Italy
| | - S Centenaro
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - A Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Research and Development Laboratory, GRAF SpA, Nonantola, (MO), Italy
| | - E Fraccaroli
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - L Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Guidetti
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - S Canello
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - G Terrazzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. , .,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy. ,
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12
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Odore R, De Marco M, Gasco L, Rotolo L, Meucci V, Palatucci AT, Rubino V, Ruggiero G, Canello S, Guidetti G, Centenaro S, Quarantelli A, Terrazzano G, Schiavone A. Cytotoxic effects of oxytetracycline residues in the bones of broiler chickens following therapeutic oral administration of a water formulation. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1979-85. [PMID: 26015592 PMCID: PMC4988533 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines, which represent one of the most commonly used antibiotics for poultry, are known to be deposited in bones, where they can remain, despite the observation of appropriate withdrawal times. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of oxytretracycline (OTC) residues in the bone and muscle of chickens, following the oral administration of a commercially available liquid formulation, and to test their cytotoxic effects on an in vitro cell culture model. Seventy-two 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allotted into 2 groups (control and treated animals). OTC (40 mg/kg BW) was administered via drinking water during the 1 to 5 and 20 to 25 days of life periods. At the end of the trial, the birds were slaughtered and the OTC residues in the target tissues were measured by means of liquid chromatography (LC) - tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Cytotoxicity was assessed by evaluating the pro-apoptotic effect of the bone residues on the K562 erythroleukemic line and on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In all the animals, the OTC residues in the muscle were far below the established MRL of 100 μg/kg. The OTC levels in the bones of the treated animals were instead found in the parts per million (ppm) range. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed by evaluating the pro-apoptotic effect of OTC bone residues on the haematopoietic cell system. This in vitro system has revealed a significant pro-apoptotic effect on both the K562 cell line and PBMC cultures. This result suggests potential human and animal health risks due to the entry of tetracycline residues contained in the bones of treated livestock into the food-chain. This could be of concern, particularly for canine and feline diets, as meat, bone meal, and poultry by-products represent some of the main ingredients of pet foods, especially in the case of dry pet food. Further studies are needed to define the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity and to evaluate the in vivo toxicological implications due to the observed in vitro effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Odore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - M De Marco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - L Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - L Rotolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - V Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A T Palatucci
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy Ph.D School of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - V Rubino
- Department of Traslational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Ruggiero
- Department of Traslational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Canello
- Department of Research and Development, Sanypet Spa, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra (PD), Italy
| | - G Guidetti
- Department of Research and Development, Sanypet Spa, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra (PD), Italy
| | - S Centenaro
- Department of Research and Development, Sanypet Spa, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra (PD), Italy
| | - A Quarantelli
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - G Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy Department of Traslational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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13
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Cancer subclonal genetic architecture as a key to personalized medicine. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1410-20. [PMID: 24403863 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The future of personalized oncological therapy will likely rely on evidence-based medicine to integrate all of the available evidence to delineate the most efficacious treatment option for the patient. To undertake evidence-based medicine through use of targeted therapy regimens, identification of the specific underlying causative mutation(s) driving growth and progression of a patient's tumor is imperative. Although molecular subtyping is important for planning and treatment, intraclonal genetic diversity has been recently highlighted as having significant implications for biopsy-based prognosis. Overall, delineation of the clonal architecture of a patient's cancer and how this will impact on the selection of the most efficacious therapy remain a topic of intense interest.
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Overcoming intratumor heterogeneity of polygenic cancer drug resistance with improved biomarker integration. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1278-89. [PMID: 23308059 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in technology and resources are helping to advance our understanding of cancer-initiating events as well as factors involved with tumor progression, adaptation, and evasion of therapy. Tumors are well known to contain diverse cell populations and intratumor heterogeneity affords neoplasms with a diverse set of biologic characteristics that can be used to evolve and adapt. Intratumor heterogeneity has emerged as a major hindrance to improving cancer patient care. Polygenic cancer drug resistance necessitates reconsidering drug designs to include polypharmacology in pursuit of novel combinatorial agents having multitarget activity to overcome the diverse and compensatory signaling pathways in which cancer cells use to survive and evade therapy. Advances will require integration of different biomarkers such as genomics and imaging to provide for more adequate elucidation of the spatially varying location, type, and extent of diverse intratumor signaling molecules to provide for a rationale-based personalized cancer medicine strategy.
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15
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The interconnectedness of cancer cell signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1183-93. [PMID: 22241964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The elegance of fundamental and applied research activities have begun to reveal a myriad of spatial and temporal alterations in downstream signaling networks affected by cell surface receptor stimulation including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Interconnected biochemical pathways serve to integrate and distribute the signaling information throughout the cell by orchestration of complex biochemical circuits consisting of protein interactions and covalent modification processes. It is clear that scientific literature summarizing results from both fundamental and applied scientific research activities has served to provide a broad foundational biologic database that has been instrumental in advancing our continued understanding of underlying cancer biology. This article reflects on historical advances and the role of innovation in the competitive world of grant-sponsored research.
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Lombardi A, Ulianich L, Treglia AS, Nigro C, Parrillo L, Lofrumento DD, Nicolardi G, Garbi C, Beguinot F, Miele C, Di Jeso B. Increased hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux dedifferentiates INS-1E cells and murine islets by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2-mediated signal transmission pathway. Diabetologia 2012; 55:141-53. [PMID: 22006246 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Beta cell failure is caused by loss of cell mass, mostly by apoptosis, but also by simple dysfunction (decline of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, downregulation of specific gene expression). Apoptosis and dysfunction are caused, at least in part, by lipoglucotoxicity. The mechanisms implicated are oxidative stress, increase in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Oxidative stress plays a role in glucotoxicity-induced beta cell dedifferentiation, while glucotoxicity-induced ER stress has been mostly linked to beta cell apoptosis. We sought to clarify whether ER stress caused by increased HBP flux participates in a dedifferentiating response of beta cells, in the absence of relevant apoptosis. METHODS We used INS-1E cells and murine islets. We analysed the unfolded protein response and the expression profile of beta cells by real-time RT-PCR and western blot. The signal transmission pathway elicited by ER stress was investigated by real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Glucosamine and high glucose induced ER stress, but did not decrease cell viability in INS-1E cells. ER stress caused dedifferentiation of beta cells, as shown by downregulation of beta cell markers and of the transcription factor, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited. These effects were prevented by the chemical chaperone, 4-phenyl butyric acid. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal transmission pathway was implicated, since its inhibition prevented the effects induced by glucosamine and high glucose. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Glucotoxic ER stress dedifferentiates beta cells, in the absence of apoptosis, through a transcriptional response. These effects are mediated by the activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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