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Nuñez-Corona D, Contreras-Sanzón E, Puente-Rivera J, Arreola R, Camacho-Nuez M, Cruz Santiago J, Estrella-Parra EA, Torres-Romero JC, López-Camarillo C, Alvarez-Sánchez ME. Epigenetic Factors and ncRNAs in Testicular Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12194. [PMID: 37569569 PMCID: PMC10418327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most prevalent tumor among males aged 15 to 35, resulting in a significant number of newly diagnosed cases and fatalities annually. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in various cellular processes and pathologies, including testicular cancer. Their involvement in gene regulation, coding, decoding, and overall gene expression control suggests their potential as targets for alternative treatment approaches for this type of cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and the regulation by microRNA (miRNA), have been implicated in testicular tumor progression and treatment response. Epigenetics may also offer critical insights for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapies in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). This comprehensive review aims to present the latest discoveries regarding the involvement of some proteins and ncRNAs, mainly miRNAs and lncRNA, in the epigenetic aspect of testicular cancer, emphasizing their relevance in pathogenesis and their potential, given the fact that their specific expression holds promise for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nuñez-Corona
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma De México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, México City 03100, Mexico
| | - Estefania Contreras-Sanzón
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma De México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, México City 03100, Mexico
| | | | - Rodrigo Arreola
- Departamento De Genética, Instituto Nacional De Psiquiatría “Ramón De la Fuente Muñiz”, Calz. Mexico, Xochimilco 101, Col. Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City 14370, Mexico
| | - Minerva Camacho-Nuez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma De México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, México City 03100, Mexico
| | - José Cruz Santiago
- Hospital De Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, IMSS, México City 02990, Mexico
| | - Edgar Antonio Estrella-Parra
- Laboratorio De Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Unidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios No.1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio De Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad De Química, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Calle 43 s/n x Calle 96, Paseo De las Fuentes y 40, Col. Inalambrica, Yucatán 97069, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma De México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, México City 03100, Mexico
| | - María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma De México (UACM), San Lorenzo 290, Col. Del Valle, México City 03100, Mexico
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Dias EP, Picciani BLS, Santos VDCBD, Cunha KS. A simple technique to construct tissue macroarrays. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:890-894. [PMID: 29798839 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the diagnostic or research field, there is a need that the histopathological evaluation provides as much information as possible, with the shortest time and lowest cost. The development of the tissue microarray (TMA) technology has significantly facilitated and accelerated studies with tissue analyses using in situ technologies. Nevertheless, one of the most recognised limitations of TMA is that the small cores used to construct a TMA may not accurately represent characteristics of the whole tissue specimen. The aim is to present the technical aspects of a simple system to construct tissue macroarrays (TMaAs), its advantages and limitations, and some results of its use in for research purposes. METHODS The study presents three possibilities of preparing the specimens with up to 6 mm diameter to be included into the TMaA paraffin block using our method. RESULTS With this technique, it was possible to obtain glass slides with multiple whole fragments, which were used in five different studies. CONCLUSIONS We presented a method for construction of multi-TMaA paraffin blocks, which is very simple for optimising laboratory techniques requiring paraffin-embedded tissue sections and can be easily implemented in any institution with a histology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane P Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Bruna L S Picciani
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de C B Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Karin S Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
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Eriksen AC, Andersen JB, Lindebjerg J, dePont Christensen R, Hansen TF, Kjær-Frifeldt S, Sørensen FB. Does heterogeneity matter in the estimation of tumour budding and tumour stroma ratio in colon cancer? Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:20. [PMID: 29558947 PMCID: PMC5859415 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour budding (TB) and Tumour Stroma Ratio (TSR) may be rewarding in the treatment stratification of patients with stage II colon cancer. However, lack of standardization may exclude these parameters from being used in a clinical setting. The purpose of this methodologic study was to compare stereology with semi-quantitative estimations of TSR, to investigate the intra-tumoural heterogeneity of TB and TSR, and to assess the intra- and inter-observer agreement. Methods Three paraffin embedded tumour blocks, one of them representing the deepest invasive front, were selected from each of 43 patients treated for stage II colon cancer. TSR was estimated in H&E sections semi-quantitatively using conventional microscopy, and stereologically on scanned slides, using the newCAST stereology platform. TB was scored across 10 high power fields at the invasive front in cytokeratin AE1/AE3 stained sections. Results Subjective, semi-quantitative estimates of TSR significantly correlated to the stereological estimates, with the best correlation found for sections with the deepest invasive tumour penetration (σ = 0.621, p < 0.001). Inter-observer agreement was moderate to substantial for both TB (Κappa = 0.46–0.73) and TSR (Κappa = 0.70–0.75). The Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for TSR varied from 0.322 based on stereological hotspot estimation to 0.648 for the semi-quantitative evaluation. For TB, ICC varied from 0.646 based on continuous data to 0.698 based on categorical data (cut-off: 10 buds). Thus, the intra-tumoural heterogeneity for both TB and the semi-quantitative estimation of TSR was low. Conclusion We recommend using only one tissue section representing the deepest invasive tumour area for estimation of TSR. For TB we recommend using one tissue section; however due to low representation of high-budding tumours, results must be considered with caution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13000-018-0697-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Eriksen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Pathology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Johnnie B Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Stereological Research Laboratory and University Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 10G, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Visiopharm A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Jan Lindebjerg
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - René dePont Christensen
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9 A, 1st, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben F Hansen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Sanne Kjær-Frifeldt
- Department of Pathology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Flemming B Sørensen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, DK-7100, Vejle, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Stereological Research Laboratory and University Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 10G, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,University Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, PalleJuul-Jensen Boulevard 99, Entrance F, Plan 1, C 1.112, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Eriksen AC, Andersen JB, Kristensson M, dePont Christensen R, Hansen TF, Kjær-Frifeldt S, Sørensen FB. Computer-assisted stereology and automated image analysis for quantification of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colon cancer. Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:65. [PMID: 28851404 PMCID: PMC5575870 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise prognostic and predictive variables allowing improved post-operative treatment stratification are missing in patients treated for stage II colon cancer (CC). Investigation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may be rewarding, but the lack of a standardized analytic technique is a major concern. Manual stereological counting is considered the gold standard, but digital pathology with image analysis is preferred due to time efficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare manual stereological estimates of TILs with automatic counts obtained by image analysis, and at the same time investigate the heterogeneity of TILs. METHODS From 43 patients treated for stage II CC in 2002 three paraffin embedded, tumor containing tissue blocks were selected one of them representing the deepest invasive tumor front. Serial sections from each of the 129 blocks were immunohistochemically stained for CD3 and CD8, and the slides were scanned. Stereological estimates of the numerical density and area fraction of TILs were obtained using the computer-assisted newCAST stereology system. For the image analysis approach an app-based algorithm was developed using Visiopharm Integrator System software. For both methods the tumor areas of interest (invasive front and central area) were manually delineated by the observer. RESULTS Based on all sections, the Spearman's correlation coefficients for density estimates varied from 0.9457 to 0.9638 (p < 0.0001), whereas the coefficients for area fraction estimates ranged from 0.9400 to 0.9603 (P < 0.0001). Regarding heterogeneity, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for CD3+ TILs varied from 0.615 to 0.746 in the central area, and from 0.686 to 0.746 in the invasive area. ICC for CD8+ TILs varied from 0.724 to 0.775 in the central area, and from 0.746 to 0.765 in the invasive area. CONCLUSIONS Exact objective and time efficient estimates of numerical densities and area fractions of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs in stage II colon cancer can be obtained by image analysis and are highly correlated to the corresponding estimates obtained by the gold standard based on stereology. Since the intra-tumoral heterogeneity was low, this method may be recommended for quantifying TILs in only one histological section representing the deepest invasive tumor front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Eriksen
- Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. .,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Johnnie B Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Stereological Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 10G, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Visiopharm A/S, Agern Allé 24, 2970, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | | | - René dePont Christensen
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9 A, 1st, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben F Hansen
- Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Sanne Kjær-Frifeldt
- Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Flemming B Sørensen
- Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
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Schmitz J, Schwab J, Schwenck J, Chen Q, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Hahn M, Wietek B, Schwenzer N, Staebler A, Kohlhofer U, Aina OH, Hubbard NE, Reischl G, Borowsky AD, Brucker S, Nikolaou K, la Fougère C, Cardiff RD, Pichler BJ, Schmid AM. Decoding Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer by Multiparametric In Vivo Imaging: A Translational Study. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5512-22. [PMID: 27466286 PMCID: PMC5414858 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis and therapy of heterogeneous breast tumors poses a major clinical challenge. To address the need for a comprehensive, noninvasive strategy to define the molecular and functional profiles of tumors in vivo, we investigated a novel combination of metabolic PET and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI in the polyoma virus middle T antigen transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. The implementation of a voxelwise analysis for the clustering of intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity in this model resulted in a multiparametric profile based on [(18)F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG)-PET and DW-MRI, which identified three distinct tumor phenotypes in vivo, including solid acinar, and solid nodular malignancies as well as cystic hyperplasia. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach for clinical use, we examined estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive breast tumors from five patient cases using DW-MRI and [(18)F]FDG-PET in a simultaneous PET/MRI system. The postsurgical in vivo PET/MRI data were correlated to whole-slide histology using the latter traditional diagnostic standard to define phenotype. By this approach, we showed how molecular, structural (microscopic, anatomic), and functional information could be simultaneously obtained noninvasively to identify precancerous and malignant subtypes within heterogeneous tumors. Combined with an automatized analysis, our results suggest that multiparametric molecular and functional imaging may be capable of providing comprehensive tumor profiling for noninvasive cancer diagnostics. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5512-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schmitz
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schwab
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Qian Chen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Beate Wietek
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nina Schwenzer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Olulanu H Aina
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Neil E Hubbard
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Liang W, Ni Y, Chen F. Tumor resistance to vascular disrupting agents: mechanisms, imaging, and solutions. Oncotarget 2016; 7:15444-59. [PMID: 26812886 PMCID: PMC4941252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) is a significant advance in the treatment of solid tumors. VDAs induce rapid and selective shutdown of tumor blood flow resulting in massive necrosis. However, a viable marginal tumor rim always remains after VDA treatment and is a major cause of recurrence. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the resistance of solid tumors to VDAs. Hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, and bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells all may contribute to resistance. Resistance can be monitored using magnetic resonance imaging markers. The various solutions proposed to manage tumor resistance to VDAs emphasize combining these agents with other approaches including antiangiogenic agents, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, radioimmunotherapy, and sequential dual-targeting internal radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Radiology Section, University Hospitals, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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O'Connor ML, Xiang D, Shigdar S, Macdonald J, Li Y, Wang T, Pu C, Wang Z, Qiao L, Duan W. Cancer stem cells: A contentious hypothesis now moving forward. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:180-7. [PMID: 24333726 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a progressive concept to account for the cell biological nature of cancer. Despite the controversies regarding the cancer stem cell model, it has the potential to provide a foundation for new innovative treatment targeting the roots of cancer. The last two years have witnessed exceptional progress in cancer stem cell research, in particular on solid tumours, which holds promise for improved treatment outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in cancer stem cell research, discuss challenges in the field and explore future strategies and opportunities in cancer stem cell studies to overcome resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Joanna Macdonald
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, and St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Chunwen Pu
- Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney at the Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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Diffusion-Weighted MRI as a Biomarker of Tumor Radiation Treatment Response Heterogeneity: A Comparative Study of Whole-Volume Histogram Analysis versus Voxel-Based Functional Diffusion Map Analysis. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:554-61. [PMID: 24151536 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains challenging due in part to its histologic intratumoral heterogeneity that contributes to its overall poor treatment response. Our goal was to evaluate a voxel-based biomarker, the functional diffusion map (fDM), as an imaging biomarker to detect heterogeneity of tumor response in a radiation dose escalation protocol using a genetically engineered murine GBM model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-four genetically engineered murine GBM models [Ink4a-Arf(-/-)/Pten(loxp/loxp)/Ntv-a RCAS/PDGF(+)/Cre(+)] were randomized in four treatment groups (n = 6 per group) consisting of daily doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 Gy delivered for 5 days. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired for tumor delineation and quantification of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, respectively. MRI experiments were performed daily for a week and every 2 days thereafter. For each animal, the area under the curve (AUC) of the percentage change of the ADC (AUCADC) and that of the increase in fDM values (AUCfDM+) were determined within the first 5 days following therapy initiation. RESULTS Animal survival increased with increasing radiation dose. Treatment induced a dose-dependent increase in tumor ADC values. The strongest correlation between survival and ADC measurements was observed using the AUCfDM+ metric (R (2) = 0.88). CONCLUSION This study showed that the efficacy of a voxel-based imaging biomarker (fDM) was able to detect spatially varying changes in tumors, which were determined to be a more sensitive predictor of overall response versus whole-volume tumor measurements (AUCADC). Finally, fDM provided for visualization of treatment-associated spatial heterogeneity within the tumor.
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Colorectal cancer survival by location and microsatellite status: data from the Colon Cancer Family Registries and their implications. Dis Colon Rectum 2013; 56:935-6. [PMID: 23838860 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0b013e31828f9954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zlobec I, Koelzer VH, Dawson H, Perren A, Lugli A. Next-generation tissue microarray (ngTMA) increases the quality of biomarker studies: an example using CD3, CD8, and CD45RO in the tumor microenvironment of six different solid tumor types. J Transl Med 2013; 11:104. [PMID: 23627766 PMCID: PMC3644251 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue microarray (TMA) technology revolutionized the investigation of potential biomarkers from paraffin-embedded tissues. However, conventional TMA construction is laborious, time-consuming and imprecise. Next-generation tissue microarrays (ngTMA) combine histological expertise with digital pathology and automated tissue microarraying. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of ngTMA for the investigation of biomarkers within the tumor microenvironment (tumor center and invasion front) of six tumor types, using CD3, CD8 and CD45RO as an example. Methods Ten cases each of malignant melanoma, lung, breast, gastric, prostate and colorectal cancers were reviewed. The most representative H&E slide was scanned and uploaded onto a digital slide management platform. Slides were viewed and seven TMA annotations of 1 mm in diameter were placed directly onto the digital slide. Different colors were used to identify the exact regions in normal tissue (n = 1), tumor center (n = 2), tumor front (n = 2), and tumor microenvironment at invasion front (n = 2) for subsequent punching. Donor blocks were loaded into an automated tissue microarrayer. Images of the donor block were superimposed with annotated digital slides. Exact annotated regions were punched out of each donor block and transferred into a TMA block. 420 tissue cores created two ngTMA blocks. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD8 and CD45RO were performed. Results All 60 slides were scanned automatically (total time < 10 hours), uploaded and viewed. Annotation time was 1 hour. The 60 donor blocks were loaded into the tissue microarrayer, simultaneously. Alignment of donor block images and digital slides was possible in less than 2 minutes/case. Automated punching of tissue cores and transfer took 12 seconds/core. Total ngTMA construction time was 1.4 hours. Stains for H&E and CD3, CD8 and CD45RO highlighted the precision with which ngTMA could capture regions of tumor-stroma interaction of each cancer and the T-lymphocytic immune reaction within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion Based on a manual selection criteria, ngTMA is able to precisely capture histological zones or cell types of interest in a precise and accurate way, aiding the pathological study of the tumor microenvironment. This approach would be advantageous for visualizing proteins, DNA, mRNA and microRNAs in specific cell types using in situ hybridization techniques.
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