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Bioinformatics Study Identified EGF as a Crucial Gene in Papillary Renal Cell Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4761803. [PMID: 35655917 PMCID: PMC9155928 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4761803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to a lack of knowledge of the disease process, papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) has a dismal outlook. This research was aimed at uncovering the possible biomarkers and the underlying principles in PRCC using a bioinformatics method. Methods We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to obtain the GSE11151 and GSE15641 gene expression profiles of PRCC. We used the R package limma to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The online tool DAVID and ClusterProfiler package in R software were used to analyze Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway dominance, respectively. The STRING database was utilized to construct the PPI network of DEGs. Using the Cytoscape technology, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network that associated with DEGs was created, and the hub genes were identified using the Cytoscape plug-in CytoHubba. The hub genes were subjected to a Kaplan-Meier analysis to identify their correlations with survival rates. Results From the selected datasets, a total of 240 common DEGs were identified in the PRCC, including 50 upregulated genes and 190 downregulated regulated genes. Renal growth, external exosome, binding of heparin, and metabolic processes were all substantially associated with DEGs. The CytoHubba plug-in-based analysis identified the 10 hub genes (ALB, KNG1, C3, CXCL12, EGF, TIMP1, VCAN, PLG, LAMC1, and CASR) from the original PPI network. The higher expression group of EGF was associated with poor outcome in patients with PRCC. Conclusions We revealed important genes and proposed biological pathways that may be implicated in the formation of PRCC. EGF might be a predictive biomarker for PRCC and therefore should be investigated as a novel treatment strategy.
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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3
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Mondal M, Conole D, Nautiyal J, Tate EW. UCHL1 as a novel target in breast cancer: emerging insights from cell and chemical biology. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:24-33. [PMID: 34497382 PMCID: PMC8727673 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence and death rate among cancers in women worldwide. In particular, metastatic estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes have very limited treatment options, with low survival rates. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase belonging to the deubiquitinase (DUB) family of enzymes, is highly expressed in these cancer types, and several key reports have revealed emerging and important roles for UCHL1 in breast cancer. However, selective and potent small-molecule UCHL1 inhibitors have been disclosed only very recently, alongside chemical biology approaches to detect regulated UHCL1 activity in cancer cells. These tools will enable novel insights into oncogenic mechanisms driven by UCHL1, and identification of substrate proteins deubiquitinated by UCHL1, with the ultimate goal of realising the potential of UCHL1 as a drug target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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4
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Gureeva TA, Timoshenko OS, Kugaevskaya EV, Solovyova NI. [Cysteine cathepsins: structure, physiological functions and their role in carcinogenesis]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2021; 67:453-464. [PMID: 34964439 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216706453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins (Cts) also known as thiol proteinases belong to the superfamily of cysteine proteinases (EC 3.4.22). Cts are known as lysosomal proteases responsible for the intracellular proteins degradation. All Cts are synthesized as zymogens, activation of which occurs autocatalytically. Their activity is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. Cts can be secreted into the extracellular environment, which is of particular importance in tumor progression. Extracellular Cts not only hydrolyze extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, but also contribute to ECM remodeling, processing and/or release of cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In cancer, the expression and activity of Cts sharply increase both in cell lysosomes and in the intercellular space, which correlates with neoplastic transformation, invasion, metastasis and leads to further tumor progression. It has been shown that Cts expression depends on the cells type, therefore, their role in the tumor development differs depending on their cellular origin. The mechanism of Cts action in cancer is not limited only by their proteolytic action. The Cts influence on signal transduction pathways associated with cancer development, including the pathway involving growth factors, which is mediated through receptors tyrosine kinases (RTK) and various signaling mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), has been proven. In addition, Cts are able to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating signal transduction pathways such as Wnt, Notch, and the pathway involving TGF-β. So, Ctc perform specific both destructive and regulatory functions, carrying out proteolysis, both inside and outside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Gureeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Wang SJ, Chao D, Wei W, Nan G, Li JY, Liu FL, Li L, Jiang JL, Cui HY, Chen ZN. CD147 promotes collective invasion through cathepsin B in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:145. [PMID: 32727598 PMCID: PMC7391525 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that solid tumors display the features of collective invasion, however, the molecular mechanisms are far from clear. This study aims to verify the role and the underlying mechanisms of CD147 in collective invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Immunostaining was used to analyze human hepatocellular carcinoma specimens and three-dimensional cultures. Three-dimensional invasion model was established to mimic in vivo invasion. RNA-sequencing was used to identify downstream effectors. Results Human hepatocellular carcinoma underwent collective invasion and CD147 was observed to be upregulated at the invasive front of tumor cell groups. CD147 was demonstrated to promote collective invasion using the modified three-dimensional invasion model, which recapitulated the main features of collective invasion. Through transcriptome analysis and enzyme activity assay, we found that CD147 enhanced cathepsin B expression and activity. Upregulated cathepsin B in hepatocellular carcinoma cells facilitated migration and invasion, which mediated CD147-induced invasive phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma. In terms of mechanism, we found that CD147 promoted cathepsin B transcription by activating β-catenin signaling as a result of reduced GSK-3β expression. Furthermore, we found that elevated expression of CD147 as well as cathepsin B were correlated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions CD147 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells collective invasion via upregulating cathepsin B expression and targeting CD147 would be valuable for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against invasion and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chao
- Department of thoracic surgery, the 940th hospital of joint logistics support force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yue Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Ling Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China.
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Zhang X, Luo S, Wang M, Shi GP. Cysteinyl cathepsins in cardiovascular diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140360. [PMID: 31926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl cathepsins are lysosomal/endosomal proteases that mediate bulk protein degradation in these intracellular acidic compartments. Yet, studies indicate that these proteases also appear in the nucleus, nuclear membrane, cytosol, plasma membrane, and extracellular space. Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) show increased levels of cathepsins in the heart, aorta, and plasma. Plasma cathepsins often serve as biomarkers or risk factors of CVD. In aortic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysms, cathepsins play pathogenic roles, but many of the same cathepsins are cardioprotective in hypertensive, hypertrophic, and infarcted hearts. During the development of CVD, cathepsins are regulated by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, hypertensive stimuli, oxidative stress, and many others. Cathepsin activities in inflammatory molecule activation, immunity, cell migration, cholesterol metabolism, neovascularization, cell death, cell signaling, and tissue fibrosis all contribute to CVD and are reviewed in this article in memory of Dr. Nobuhiko Katunuma for his contribution to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
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Simultaneous Detection of Autophagy and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1854:87-103. [PMID: 29101677 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is increasingly identified as a central player in many cellular activities from cell proliferation to cell division, migration, and differentiation. However, it is also considered as a double-edged sword in cancer biology which either promotes oncogenesis/invasion or sensitizes the tumor cells to chemotherapy induced apoptosis. Recent investigations have provided direct evidence for regulation of cellular phenotype via autophagy pathway. One of the most important types of phenotype conversion is Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT), resulting in alteration of epithelial cell properties to a more mesenchymal form. In the current chapter, we provide a method which is established and being used in our laboratory for detection of autophagy and EMT in lung epithelial cells and show the involvement of autophagy in modulation of cellular phenotype.
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8
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Mijanović O, Branković A, Panin AN, Savchuk S, Timashev P, Ulasov I, Lesniak MS. Cathepsin B: A sellsword of cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:207-214. [PMID: 30796968 PMCID: PMC6488514 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, biochemical and molecular biology studies have identified lysosome-encapsulated cellular proteases as critical risk factors for cancer progression. Cathepsins represent a group of such proteases aimed at maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, recent reports suggest that Cathepsin B executes other cellular programs such as controlling tumor growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases development. In fact, elevated levels of Cathepsins are found under different pathological conditions including inflammation, infection, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Furthermore, the discovery of Cathepsin B secretion and function as an extracellular matrix protein has broadened our appreciation for the impact of Cathepsin B on cancer progression. Underneath a façade of an intracellular protease with limited therapeutic potential hides a central role of cathepsins in extracellular functions. Moreover, this role is incredibly diverse from one condition to the next - from driving caspase-dependent apoptosis to facilitating tumor neovascularization and metastasis. Here we discuss the role of Cathepsin B in the oncogenic process and perspective the use of Cathepsin B for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Mijanović
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ana Branković
- Department of Forensics, Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexander N Panin
- Moscow State University of Food Production, 11, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow, 125080, Russia
| | - Solomiia Savchuk
- The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestren University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestren University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Liu CL, Guo J, Zhang X, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Shi GP. Cysteine protease cathepsins in cardiovascular disease: from basic research to clinical trials. Nat Rev Cardiol 2018; 15:351-370. [DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Song E, Song W, Ren M, Xing L, Ni W, Li Y, Gong M, Zhao M, Ma X, Zhang X, An R. Identification of potential crucial genes associated with carcinogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5163-5174. [PMID: 29227586 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common genitourinary malignancy with high mortality. However, the molecular pathogenesis of ccRCC remains unclear and effective biomarkers for daily practice are still limited. Thus, we aimed to identify the potential crucial genes and pathways associated with carcinogenesis of ccRCC and further analyze the molecular mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. In the present study, expression profiles GSE 66270, GSE 53757, GSE 36895, and GSE 76351 were downloaded from GEO database, including 244 matched primary and adjacent normal tissues, furthermore, the level 3 RNAseq dataset (RNAseqV2 RSEM) of KIRC was also downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which consist of 529 ccRCC tumors and 72 normal tissues. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathway enrichment were analyzed by using R software. A total of 129 up- and 123 down-regulated genes were identified, which were aberrantly expressed both in GEO and TCGA data. Second, Gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed that most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in integral component of membrane, extracellular exosome, plasma membrane, cell adhesion, and receptor binding. Signaling pathway analyses indicated that DEGs had common pathways in signal transduction, metabolism, and immune system. Third, hub genes were identified with protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, including PTPRC, TGFB1, EGF, MYC, ITGB2, CTSS, FN1, CCL5, KNG1, and CD86. Additionally, sub-networks analyse was also performed by using MCODE plugin. In conclusion, the novel DEGs and pathways in ccRCC identified in this study may provide new insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms that facilitates RCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Song
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Song
- Hilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Ren
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Li Xing
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mancheng Gong
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Zhao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Haiding district, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Haiding district, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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Wang X, Wang S, Li X, Jin S, Xiong F, Wang X. The critical role of EGF-β-catenin signaling in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human glioblastoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2781-2789. [PMID: 28615958 PMCID: PMC5460645 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, β-catenin has been reported to be implicated in mediating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a variety of human cancers, which can be triggered by EGF. However, the mechanisms underlying EGF-β-catenin pathway-induced EMT of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have not been reported previously. In the present study, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were applied to investigate the effect of EGF-β-catenin pathway on EMT of GBM. Here, we identified that β-catenin mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in GBM tissues and four kinds of glioblastoma cell lines, including T98G, A172, U87, and U251 cells, compared with normal brain tissue and astrocytes. In U87 cell line, inhibition of β-catenin by siRNA suppressed EGF-induced proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and the expression of EMT activators (Snail and Slug). In addition, the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin) was up-regulated and the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and MMP9) was down-regulated. Finally, inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways inactivated the EGF-β-catenin-induced EMT. In conclusion, β-catenin-EMT pathway induced by EGF is important for GBM progression by the PI3K/Akt pathways. Inhibition of β-catenin leads to suppression of EGF pathway-induced EMT, which provides a new way to treat GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Shanshi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Shigang Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
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Lysosomal cysteine peptidases – Molecules signaling tumor cell death and survival. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:168-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Jin Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Chu C, Liu X, Zou Q. UCH-L1 involved in regulating the degradation of EGFR and promoting malignant properties in drug-resistant breast cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12500-12508. [PMID: 26722437 PMCID: PMC4680382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1) belongs to the UCH proteases family that deubiquitinates ubiquitin-protein conjugates in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our previous research showed that UCH-L1 and EGFR could regulate the expression of P-gp, CD147 and MMPs in multi-drug resistance (MDR) breast cancer cells, respectively. But it is still unclear whether direct regulation exists between the UCH-L1 and EGFR in MDR breast cancer. In order to clarify this, MDR human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7/Adr, that expresses relatively high UCH-L1, and its parental cell line MCF7, that expresses relatively low UCH-L1, were chosen for this study. We added ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor MG-132 into the culture of MCF7/Adr cells and transfected pIRES2-UCH-L1-EGFP plasmid into MCF7 cells, respectively. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, we found accompanying over-expression of UCH-L1, EGFR was up-regulated in both MCF7/ADR and MCF7 cells. Preliminary results indicated the degradation of EGFR might be regulated by ubiquitin level. So we speculated that up-regulated UCH-L1 could promote expression level of EGFR, thereby enhance the invasion and metastasis abilities of tumor cells. Moreover, to further explore the role of UCH-L1 and EGFR, we investigated the expression of UCH-L1, EGFR and P-gp in 65 local advanced breast cancer cases by immunohistochemistry assay. The result showed that the patients not responding to chemotherapy had higher UCH-L1, EGFR and P-gp expression levels and more lymph nodes metastasis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with elevated UCH-L1 expression after chemotherapy presented shorter overall survival and disease free survival times than those with down-regulated or unchanged expression of UCH-L1. Our findings suggest that UCH-L1 may be an indicator of chemotherapy-response and poor-survival in breast cancer. UCH-L1 might be an appropriate target for improving chemo-resistant breast cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transfection
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
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Cancer subclonal genetic architecture as a key to personalized medicine. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1410-20. [PMID: 24403863 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The future of personalized oncological therapy will likely rely on evidence-based medicine to integrate all of the available evidence to delineate the most efficacious treatment option for the patient. To undertake evidence-based medicine through use of targeted therapy regimens, identification of the specific underlying causative mutation(s) driving growth and progression of a patient's tumor is imperative. Although molecular subtyping is important for planning and treatment, intraclonal genetic diversity has been recently highlighted as having significant implications for biopsy-based prognosis. Overall, delineation of the clonal architecture of a patient's cancer and how this will impact on the selection of the most efficacious therapy remain a topic of intense interest.
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Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
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Overcoming intratumor heterogeneity of polygenic cancer drug resistance with improved biomarker integration. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1278-89. [PMID: 23308059 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in technology and resources are helping to advance our understanding of cancer-initiating events as well as factors involved with tumor progression, adaptation, and evasion of therapy. Tumors are well known to contain diverse cell populations and intratumor heterogeneity affords neoplasms with a diverse set of biologic characteristics that can be used to evolve and adapt. Intratumor heterogeneity has emerged as a major hindrance to improving cancer patient care. Polygenic cancer drug resistance necessitates reconsidering drug designs to include polypharmacology in pursuit of novel combinatorial agents having multitarget activity to overcome the diverse and compensatory signaling pathways in which cancer cells use to survive and evade therapy. Advances will require integration of different biomarkers such as genomics and imaging to provide for more adequate elucidation of the spatially varying location, type, and extent of diverse intratumor signaling molecules to provide for a rationale-based personalized cancer medicine strategy.
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Vlachostergios PJ, Voutsadakis IA, Papandreou CN. Mechanisms of proteasome inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity in malignant glioma. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:199-211. [PMID: 23733249 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome constitutes an essential degradation apparatus involved in the consistent recycling of misfolded and damaged proteins inside cells. The aberrant activation of the proteasome has been widely observed in various types of cancers and implicated in the development and progression of carcinogenesis. In the era of targeted therapies, the clinical use of proteasome inhibitors necessitates a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell death responsible for their cytotoxic action, which are reviewed here in the context of sensitization of malignant gliomas, a tumor type particularly refractory to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, 41110, Greece.
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Vlachostergios PJ, Voutsadakis IA, Papandreou CN. The role of ubiquitin-proteasome system in glioma survival and growth. Growth Factors 2013; 31:106-13. [PMID: 23688106 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.799156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas represent a group of aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis due to an inherent capacity of persistent cell growth and survival. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular machinery responsible for protein turnover. Emerging evidence implicates various proteins targeted for degradation by the UPS in key survival and proliferation signaling pathways of these tumors. In this review, we discuss the involvement of UPS in the regulation of several mediators and effectors of these pathways in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
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Rajendran S, Muthupalani RS, Ramanathan A. Lack of RING finger domain (RFD) mutations of the c-cbl gene in oral squamous cell carcinomas in Chennai, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:1073-5. [PMID: 23621189 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal cells, activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecules are subjected to ubiquitination-mediated proteasome degradation pathway by c-Cbl, an ubiquitin ligase that checks uncontrolled proliferation. Hence expression of wild type c-Cbl molecule is essential to keep this degradation machinery in a functional state. Loss of expression or function of c-Cbl may consequently lead to sustained activation of EGFR and promote carcinogenesis, loss of function mutations in the c-Cbl gene already being reported in lung and hematopoietic cancers. However, the genetic status of c-Cbl in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not known. Hence in the present study we investigated the genomic DNA isolated from OSCC tissue biopsy samples for mutations in the RING finger domain coding region of c-Cbl gene, which has also been reported to be most frequently mutated in other cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total genomic DNA isolated from thirty two post surgical OSCC tissue samples were amplified using primers flanking the exon 8 of c-Cbl gene that codes for the RING finger domain. The PCR amplicons were then resolved in a 1.2% agarose gel, purified and subjected to direct sequencing to screen for mutations. RESULTS The sequencing data of the thirty two OSCC samples did not identify mutations in the RING finger domain coding region of c-Cbl gene. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the genetic status of c-Cbl gene in OSCC samples has been investigated. The present data indicates that genetic alteration of RING finger domain coding region of c-Cbl gene is relatively infrequent in OSCC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilnathan Rajendran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meenakshiammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, India.
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