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Berry V, Ponnekanti MB, Pontikos N, Quinlan RA, Michaelides M. A novel frameshift variant in BCOR causes congenital nuclear cataract. Ophthalmic Genet 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38957147 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2373248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) gene variants are involved in oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia, renal tumours, and photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Here, we describe a British family with a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the BCOR gene causing congenital nuclear cataract. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was conducted on an individual affected by X-linked dominant congenital cataract in a three-generation family to establish the underlying genetic basis. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the variants with damaging pathogenicity scores. RESULTS A novel likely pathogenic frameshift variant BCOR NM_001123385.1: c.3621del; p.Lys1207AsnfsTer31, was identified and found to co-segregate with the disease in this family. CONCLUSIONS This is apparently the first report of a variant in BCOR causing X-linked dominant congenital cataract which is potentially isolated or presenting with a remarkably mild systemic phenotype. Our findings extend the genetic basis for congenital cataract and add to the phenotypic spectrum of BCOR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Berry
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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2
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Mezad-Koursh D, Rosenfeld E, Bachar Zipori A, Zur D, Elhanan E, Ben-Shachar S. A rare genotype of biallelic mosaic variants in BCOR gene causing a bilateral ocular anterior segment dysgenesis and cataracts. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:125-127. [PMID: 36261622 PMCID: PMC9822961 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant syndrome characterized by the involvement of the eyes, face, teeth, and heart with variable expressivity. The syndrome is caused by loss-of-function variants in the BCOR gene located on the X chromosome. OFCD affects only females with presumed embryonic lethality among males. We report a first case of a female with biallelic mosaic variants in BCOR gene, leading to a severe ocular phenotype including anterior segment dysgenesis, cataracts, and retinal involvement. The unique condition of biallelic mosaic loss-of-function mutations leads to a variable expression of an allele with the pathogenic variant, independent of the X-Inactivation pattern. This novel mechanism of co-existent biallelic mosaicism should be suspected in unexplained severe cases of OFCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Mezad-Koursh
- Ophthalmology department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | - Anat Bachar Zipori
- Ophthalmology department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinah Zur
- Ophthalmology department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emil Elhanan
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Ben-Shachar
- Sackler faculty of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
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3
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BCOR variants are associated with X-linked recessive partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2022; 187:107036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Linglart L, Bonnet D. Epigenetics and Congenital Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060185. [PMID: 35735814 PMCID: PMC9225036 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a frequent occurrence, with a prevalence rate of almost 1% in the general population. However, the pathophysiology of the anomalous heart development is still unclear in most patients screened. A definitive genetic origin, be it single-point mutation or larger chromosomal disruptions, only explains about 35% of identified cases. The precisely choreographed embryology of the heart relies on timed activation of developmental molecular cascades, spatially and temporally regulated through epigenetic regulation: chromatin conformation, DNA priming through methylation patterns, and spatial accessibility to transcription factors. This multi-level regulatory network is eminently susceptible to outside disruption, resulting in faulty cardiac development. Similarly, the heart is unique in its dynamic development: growth is intrinsically related to mechanical stimulation, and disruption of the intrauterine environment will have a direct impact on fetal embryology. These two converging axes offer new areas of research to characterize the cardiac epigenetic regulation and identify points of fragility in order to counteract its teratogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Linglart
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
- School of Medicine, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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5
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Miller J, Sowar K, Abbott CC, Christie WA, Carubia BA, Geppert C. Crossing State Lines: Ethical and Clinical Considerations in Treating a Child With Catatonia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:583-585. [PMID: 35181465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Catatonia is a complex constellation of symptoms presenting with abnormalities in movement and behavior and arises from multiple medical, neurologic, and psychiatric conditions. In recent years, there has been a call to move catatonia from a classifier to a diagnosis of its own in the DSM-5.1,2 Catatonia is often underdiagnosed in the hospital and carries with it substantial morbidity and mortality.3 Malignant catatonia, characterized by autonomic instability, hyperactivity, mutism, and stuporous exhaustion, is a medical emergency requiring intensive care.4 Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative, as untreated malignant catatonia may be fatal in up to 10% to 20% of cases, sometimes only days from onset.5 The combination of lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for catatonia in both adults and children, although the body of literature pertaining to children remains limited.6,7 In addition, there are multiple case reports of improvement in catatonia with ECT regardless of etiology.8 However, laws in some US states prohibit ECT's use despite evidence of its effectiveness and safety in children and adolescents.9 Here, we describe a case presentation that was both prolonged and complicated by state laws pertaining to the use of ECT in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Miller
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque; The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora.
| | - Kristina Sowar
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque; The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Christopher C Abbott
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque; The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - William A Christie
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque; The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Beau A Carubia
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque; The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Cynthia Geppert
- The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque; The University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
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6
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Nonsyndromic Generalized Radiculomegaly of Permanent Dentition: A Rare Case Report. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:3548370. [PMID: 35392487 PMCID: PMC8983254 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3548370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radiculomegaly (marked elongation of dental roots) is a distinct dental abnormality with a major clinical significance that is closely related to oculofaciocardiodental syndrome (OFCD). Since OFCD syndrome was first identified in 1996, only a few cases of nonsyndromic/nonfamilial radiculomegaly have been reported. We report a new nonsyndromic/nonfamilial radiculomegaly case and the association of OFCD syndrome with the dental challenges. Case Presentation. 18-year-old medically free male presented to the screening dental clinics complaining of teeth malposition. Panoramic radiograph incidentally revealed extremely long and wide roots of almost all dentition. Apical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken to confirm this anomaly and to rule out any artifact. The images confirmed the excessive length of the roots. A cephalometric X-ray was performed on the patient to rule out any dentofacial deformity. History and physical examinations were negative for ocular or cardiac anomalies. Due to lack of evidence of physical signs and symptoms consistent with OFCD syndrome, genetic testing was not performed. Conclusion Dentists need to be informed of the clinical and radiographic features of different dental anomalies, especially radiculomegaly, as it is considered one of the significant features of OFCD syndrome. Challenges related to radiculomegaly face dentists while the current literature has not yet provided a solid baseline for managing such patients. The challenges include repairing the root canals, extracting and/or moving the teeth orthodontically. Early diagnosis of the syndrome is crucial to prevent dental challenges and provide the best dental care services.
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Zhuang J, Chen C, Chen Y, Zeng S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Xie Y, Wang G. Case Report: Prenatal Diagnosis of a Novel Variant c.251dupT (p.N87Kfs*6) in BCOR Resulting in Oculofaciocardiodental Syndrome Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:829613. [PMID: 35401667 PMCID: PMC8990034 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.829613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is an X-linked dominant syndrome caused by BCOR variants, which manifests only in females and presumed leading to male lethality. Herein, we aim to present a prenatal diagnosis for OFCD syndrome associated with a novel hemizygous variant in BCOR gene. Case presentation: A 29-year-old pregnant woman from Quanzhou Fujian Province, China, with fetal ultrasound anomalies, was enrolled in this study. A normal 46, XY karyotype with no abnormalities was observed in the fetus detected on microarray. Furthermore, a whole-exome sequencing (WES) detection result demonstrated that a novel hemizygous variant of c.251dupT (p.N87Kfs*6) in the BCOR gene was identified in the fetus, which was a frameshift mutation and classified as a likely pathogenic variant, and may lead to OFCD syndrome according to the clinical feature of the fetus. In this case, male lethality had not occurred by the end of the second trimester, then termination of the pregnancy was conducted at a gestational age of 26 weeks. Sanger sequencing of parental samples revealed that the variant was maternally transmitted, which was consistent with the OFCD syndrome phenotypic features observed in her. Conclusions: In the study, we first present the affected male with a novel variant in BCOR that leads to the OFCD syndrome. Additionally, our study broadened the spectrum of BCOR results in the OFCD syndrome and provided the valuable references for prenatal genetic consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu’e Chen
- Ultrasonography, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zeng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuanbai Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoxiong Wang, ; Yingjun Xie,
| | - Gaoxiong Wang
- Quanzhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoxiong Wang, ; Yingjun Xie,
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8
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Venable ER, Chen D, Chen CP, Bessonen KR, Nguyen PL, Oliveira JL, Reichard KK, Hoyer JD, Althoff SD, Roh DJ, Miller MA, Begna K, Patnaik MM, Litzow MR, Al-Kali A, Viswanatha DS, He R. Pathologic Spectrum and Molecular Landscape of Myeloid Disorders Harboring SF3B1 Mutations. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:679-690. [PMID: 33978189 PMCID: PMC8427737 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives SF3B1 mutations are the most common mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The International Working Group for the Prognosis of MDS (IWG-PM) recently proposed SF3B1-mutant MDS (SF3B1-mut-MDS) as a distinct disease subtype. We evaluated the spectrum and molecular landscape of SF3B1-mutated myeloid disorders and assessed the prognostication in MDS harboring SF3B1 mutations (MDS-SF3B1). Methods Cases were selected by retrospective review. Clinical course and laboratory and clinical findings were collected by chart review. SF3B1-mut-MDS was classified following IWG-PM criteria. Results SF3B1 mutations were identified in 75 of 955 patients, encompassing a full spectrum of myeloid disorders. In MDS-SF3B1, Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) score greater than 3 and transcription factor (TF) comutations were adverse prognostic markers by both univariate and multivariate analyses. We confirmed the favorable outcome of IWG-PM-defined SF3B1-mut-MDS. Interestingly, it did not show sharp prognostic differentiation within MDS-SF3B1. Conclusions SF3B1 mutations occur in the full spectrum of myeloid disorders. We independently validated the favorable prognostication of IWG-PM-defined SF3B1-mut-MDS. However it may not provide sharp prognostication within MDS-SF3B1 where IPSS-R and TF comutations were prognostic-informative. Larger cohort studies are warranted to verify these findings and refine MDS-SF3B1 prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Venable
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Constance P Chen
- College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Kurt R Bessonen
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phuong L Nguyen
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Oliveira
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kaaren K Reichard
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James D Hoyer
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Simon D Althoff
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dana J Roh
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mechelle A Miller
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kebede Begna
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aref Al-Kali
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Viswanatha
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rong He
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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9
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Reynolds K, Zhang S, Sun B, Garland M, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Genetics and signaling mechanisms of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1588-1634. [PMID: 32666711 PMCID: PMC7883771 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and palate. Each of these movements are controlled by many different factors that are tightly regulated by several integral morphogenetic signaling pathways. Subject to both genetic and environmental influences, interruption at nearly any stage can disrupt lip, nasal, or palate fusion and result in a cleft. Here, we discuss many of the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the presentation of orofacial clefts in patients, and several of the key signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms that control lip and palate formation, as identified primarily through investigating equivalent processes in animal models, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Michael Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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10
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A Rare Case of Nonsyndromic Generalized Radiculomegaly with a Literature Review. Case Rep Dent 2020; 2020:3974829. [PMID: 32274220 PMCID: PMC7136759 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3974829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiculomegaly is a rare condition involving elongated tooth roots. This condition has significant clinical implications and has been associated with syndromes such as oculofaciocardiodental syndrome. However, only a few nonsyndromic cases of radiculomegaly have been reported. Here, we report a case of nonsyndromic radiculomegaly in a Saudi individual. A subsequent review of the literature suggests endodontic management modalities for individuals with the dental findings demonstrated in the present case.
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Wu D, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang G, Xu X, Peng A, Hao J, He J, Huang L, Dai J. Clinical presentation and genetic profiles of Chinese patients with velocardiofacial syndrome in a large referral centre. J Genet 2019; 98:42. [PMID: 31204702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) with variable genotypes and phenotypes are considered to be very complicated. Establishing an exact correlation between the phenotypes and genotypes of VCFS is still a challenging. In this paper, 88 Chinese VCFS patients were divided into five groups based on palatal anomalies and one or two of other four common phenotypes, and copy number variations (CNVs) were detected using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The findings showed that palatal anomalies and characteristic malformation of face were important indicators for 22q11.2 microdeletion, and there was difference inthe phenotypic spectrum between the duplication and deletion of 22q11.2. MLPA was a highly cost-effective, sensitive and preferred method for patients with 22q11.2 deletion or duplication. Our results also firstly reported that all three patients who simultaneously exhibited palatal anomalies and cognitive disorder, without other phenotypes, have Top3b duplication, which strongly suggested that Top3b may be a pathogenic gene for these patients. Further, the findings showed that patients with palatal anomalies and congenital heart disease or immune deficiency, with or without other uncommon phenotypes, exhibited heterogeneity in CNVs, including 4q34.1-qter, 6q25.3, 4q23, Xp11.4, 13q21.1, 17q23.2, 7p21.3, 2p11.2, 11q24.3 and 16q23.3, and some possible pathogenic genes, including BCOR, PRR20A, TBX2, SMYD1, KLKB1 and TULP4 have been suggested. For these patients, aCGH, whole genomic sequencing,combined with references and phenomics database to find pathogenic gene,may be choices of priority. Taking these findings together, we offered an alternative method for diagnosis of Chinese VCFS patients based on this phenotypic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillo facial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wu D, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang G, Xu X, Peng A, Hao J, He J, Huang L, Dai J. Clinical presentation and genetic profiles of Chinese patients with velocardiofacial syndrome in a large referral centre. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Redwood A, Douzgou S, Waller S, Ramsden S, Roberts A, Bonin H, Lloyd IC, Ashworth J, Black GCM, Clayton-Smith J. Congenital cataracts in females caused by BCOR mutations; report of six further families demonstrating clinical variability and diverse genetic mechanisms. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103658. [PMID: 31048080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in the BCOR gene have been identified in males with X-linked recessive microphthalmia and in females with X-linked dominant oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome. This latter condition has previously been regarded as rare but the increased availability of genetic testing in recent years has led to the identification of a greater number of patients. METHODS We report the clinical and molecular findings in a series of 10 patients with pathogenic BCOR variants from 5 families, all seen in a single institution over a two year period. RESULTS We emphasize the phenotypic variability in this cohort and the diverse genetic mechanisms involved which included point mutations and deletions of BCOR as well as the occurrence of gonadal and somatic mosaicism. CONCLUSION In this report we demonstrate the novel findings of four newly identified variants in BCOR associated with an OFCD phenotype, and suggest that the frequency of this condition in females presenting with congenital cataract, including unilateral cataract, is more common than anticipated. We demonstrate the utility of screening for genetic causes of congenital cataract. Although gonadal mosaicism in OFCD had previously been reported, we demonstrate the presence of somatic mosaicism where BCOR mutations may only be detected in DNA from tissues other than blood such as buccal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Redwood
- University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Douzgou
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - S Waller
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - S Ramsden
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - A Roberts
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - H Bonin
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - I C Lloyd
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester and Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical and Academic Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London and UCL Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - J Ashworth
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester and Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom
| | - G C M Black
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre For Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester and University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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14
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Smith MH, Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I, Islam NM, Kashtwari D. Radiculomegaly: a case report of this rare dental finding with review of the associated oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:e220-e227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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A novel deletion mutation, c.1296delT in the BCOR gene, is associated with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:119-125. [PMID: 30267259 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the clinical phenotypes of a girl with oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome and to identify the potential pathogenic mutation responsible for her disease. The patient underwent detailed clinical examinations and phenotype data were collected over a follow-up period of 9 years. Mutation analysis of the candidate gene BCOR was performed with polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. BCOR of 60 unrelated normal individuals were also sequenced as a control group. Clinical phenotyping and follow-up study results indicate that this patient had multiple system anomalies including ocular, facial, cardiac, dental, and limb malformations. In addition, papilloma of the choroid plexus was identified, which represents the first report of this phenotype in an OFCD patient. A novel deletion mutation, c.1296delT in exon 4 of the BCOR gene, was identified in this patient and was not found in her parents or in 60 normal unrelated individuals. This deletion was a frameshift mutation and is proposed to encode a premature stop codon, thus producing a truncated protein. Our patient fitted the diagnostic criteria for OFCD syndrome and we report the first papilloma of the choroid plexus in an OFCD patient, expanding the recognized phenotypic spectrum of this disease. Meanwhile, we identified a novel deletion mutation that may cause OFCD syndrome.
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16
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Ragge N, Isidor B, Bitoun P, Odent S, Giurgea I, Cogné B, Deb W, Vincent M, Le Gall J, Morton J, Lim D, Le Meur G, Zazo Seco C, Zafeiropoulou D, Bax D, Zwijnenburg P, Arteche A, Swafiri ST, Cleaver R, McEntagart M, Kini U, Newman W, Ayuso C, Corton M, Herenger Y, Jeanne M, Calvas P, Chassaing N. Expanding the phenotype of the X-linked BCOR microphthalmia syndromes. Hum Genet 2018; 138:1051-1069. [PMID: 29974297 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct syndromes arise from pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene BCOR (BCL-6 corepressor): oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome, which affects females, and a severe microphthalmia ('Lenz'-type) syndrome affecting males. OFCD is an X-linked dominant syndrome caused by a variety of BCOR null mutations. As it manifests only in females, it is presumed to be lethal in males. The severe male X-linked recessive microphthalmia syndrome ('Lenz') usually includes developmental delay in addition to the eye findings and is caused by hypomorphic BCOR variants, mainly by a specific missense variant c.254C > T, p.(Pro85Leu). Here, we detail 16 new cases (11 females with 4 additional, genetically confirmed, affected female relatives; 5 male cases each with unaffected carrier mothers). We describe new variants and broaden the phenotypic description for OFCD to include neuropathy, muscle hypotonia, pituitary underdevelopment, brain atrophy, lipoma and the first description of childhood lymphoma in an OFCD case. Our male X-linked recessive cases show significant new phenotypes: developmental delay (without eye anomalies) in two affected half-brothers with a novel BCOR variant, and one male with high myopia, megalophthalmos, posterior embryotoxon, developmental delay, and heart and bony anomalies with a previously undescribed BCOR splice site variant. Our female OFCD cases and their affected female relatives showed variable features, but consistently had early onset cataracts. We show that a mosaic carrier mother manifested early cataract and dental anomalies. All female carriers of the male X-linked recessive cases for whom genetic confirmation was available showed skewed X-inactivation and were unaffected. In view of the extended phenotype, we suggest a new term of X-linked BCOR-related syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ragge
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. .,West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Bitoun
- SIDVA 91, Ophthalmic Genetics, 1 rue de la Cour de, 91260, Juvisy s/orge, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de référence CLAD-Ouest, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS IGDR, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Irina Giurgea
- U.F. de Génétique moléculaire, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine, INSERM UMR S933, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Wallid Deb
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jessica Le Gall
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jenny Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek Lim
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Guylène Le Meur
- Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôtel Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Celia Zazo Seco
- UDEAR, UMR 1056 Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Dimitra Zafeiropoulou
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine Bax
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Petra Zwijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anara Arteche
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saoud Tahsin Swafiri
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Cleaver
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, University Hospital (IIS-FJD-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yvan Herenger
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- UDEAR, UMR 1056 Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- UDEAR, UMR 1056 Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Toulouse, Purpan Hospital, 31059, Toulouse, France
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17
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Zhou Y, Wojcik A, Sanders VR, Rahmani B, Kurup SP. Ocular findings in a patient with oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome and a novel BCOR pathogenic variant. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2677-2682. [PMID: 29058245 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of OFCD associated with a de novo BCOR pathogenic variant and highlight the ocular findings and possible mechanisms. METHODS A retrospective chart review of the patient's ocular and systemic findings was performed. The patient underwent diagnostic whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS The patient had a comprehensive eye exam in infancy demonstrating bilateral congenital cataracts consisting of posterior lenticonus with a posterior cortical opacity. She also had blepharoptosis with a hooded appearance and retinal pigment hypertrophy of the inferior retina bilaterally. Systemic findings include atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, congenital clubfoot, syndactyly, tethered cord, and laryngeal cleft. WES identified a de novo heterozygous R1136X pathogenic variant in the BCOR gene. CONCLUSION The typical ocular manifestation of OFCD syndrome is congenital cataracts, which can have a significant impact on visual development and so should be considered in patients with multiple medical issues that may fit the diagnosis. A comprehensive eye exam in these patients is thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 70, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antonina Wojcik
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 70, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Division of Genetics Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria R Sanders
- Division of Genetics Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bahram Rahmani
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 70, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudhi P Kurup
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 70, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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A new approach to chromosome-wide analysis of X-linked markers identifies new associations in Asian and European case-parent triads of orofacial clefts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183772. [PMID: 28877219 PMCID: PMC5587310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GWAS discoveries on the X-chromosome are underrepresented in the literature primarily because the analytical tools that have been applied were originally designed for autosomal markers. Our objective here is to employ a new robust and flexible tool for chromosome-wide analysis of X-linked markers in complex traits. Orofacial clefts are good candidates for such analysis because of the consistently observed excess of females with cleft palate only (CPO) and excess of males with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). Methods Genotypes for 14,486 X-chromosome SNPs in 1,291 Asian and 1,118 European isolated cleft triads were available from a previously published GWAS. The R-package HAPLIN enables genome-wide–level analyses as well as statistical power simulations for a range of biologic scenarios. We analyzed isolated CL/P and isolated CPO for each ethnicity in HAPLIN, using a sliding-window approach to haplotype analysis and two different statistical models, with and without X-inactivation in females. Results There was a larger number of associations in the Asian versus the European sample, and similar to previous reports that have analyzed the same GWAS dataset using different methods, we identified associations with EFNB1/PJA1 and DMD. In addition, new associations were detected with several other genes, among which KLHL4, TBX22, CPXCR1 and BCOR were noteworthy because of their roles in clefting syndromes. A few of the associations were only detected by one particular X-inactivation model, whereas a few others were only detected in one sex. Discussion/Conclusion We found new support for the involvement of X-linked variants in isolated clefts. The associations were specific for ethnicity, sex and model parameterization, highlighting the need for flexible tools that are capable of detecting and estimating such effects. Further efforts are needed to verify and elucidate the potential roles of EFNB1/PJA1, KLHL4, TBX22, CPXCR1 and BCOR in isolated clefts.
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19
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Recurrent BCOR internal tandem duplication and BCOR or BCL6 expression distinguish primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy from congenital infantile fibrosarcoma. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:884-891. [PMID: 28256570 PMCID: PMC5680041 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy is a rare sarcoma that preferentially affects infants. It can be locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes, but the long-term outcome of children with this tumor is mostly unknown. Histologically, it is characterized by primitive cells with abundant myxoid stroma. Internal tandem duplication of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6)-interacting co-repressor (BCOR) exon 15 has recently been described in clear cell sarcoma of kidney, central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR alteration, and primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy. Herein, we report five cases of primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy: three girls and two boys with mean age of 6.5 months. The tumors were located in the paraspinal region (n=3), back (n=1), or foot (n=1) and ranged in size from 2.5 to 10.2 cm. BCOR internal tandem duplication was confirmed by PCR and sequencing in all five cases. The minimally duplicated region consisted of nine residues, which is shorter than was previously reported in other BCOR-associated tumors. To assess the clinical value and specificity of the BCOR internal tandem duplication, a group of 11 ETV6-rearranged congenital infantile fibrosarcomas were evaluated and no BCOR internal tandem duplication was identified in any case. Though not detected in congenital infantile fibrosarcomas, BCOR and BCL6 immunoreactivity was present in >90% of the nuclei of tumor cells in each of the five primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy. The presence of BCOR internal tandem duplication in all five primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumors of infancy provides evidence that it is a recurrent somatic abnormality and substantiates the concept that this tumor is a unique sarcoma of infancy. Our findings indicate that identification of BCOR internal tandem duplication and/or nuclear immunoreactivity for BCOR or BCL6 can aid in the diagnosis of primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy and help to differentiate it from congenital infantile fibrosarcoma.
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20
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Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome with craniosynostosis, temporal hypertrichosis, and deafness. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1374-1377. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Ramesh V, Sankar J. Intracerebral Hematoma in an Infant with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:991. [PMID: 26615355 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswari Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India.
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22
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Tang S, Lv J, Chen X, Bai L, Li H, Chen C, Wang P, Xu X, Lu J. Prenatal Diagnosis of DNA Copy Number Variations by Genomic Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Array in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Defects. Fetal Diagn Ther 2015; 39:64-73. [DOI: 10.1159/000431320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for prenatal genetic diagnosis of congenital heart defect (CHD), we used this approach to detect clinically significant copy number variants (CNVs) in fetuses with CHDs. Methods: A HumanCytoSNP-12 array was used to detect genomic samples obtained from 39 fetuses that exhibited cardiovascular abnormalities on ultrasound and had a normal karyotype. The relationship between CNVs and CHDs was identified by using genotype-phenotype comparisons and searching of chromosomal databases. All clinically significant CNVs were confirmed by real-time PCR. Results: CNVs were detected in 38/39 (97.4%) fetuses: variants of unknown significance were detected in 2/39 (5.1%), and clinically significant CNVs were identified in 7/39 (17.9%). In 3 of the 7 fetuses with clinically significant CNVs, 3 rare and previously undescribed CNVs were detected, and these CNVs encompassed the CHD candidate genes FLNA (Xq28 dup), BCOR (Xp11.4 dup), and RBL2 (16q12.2 del). Conclusion: Compared with conventional cytogenetic genomics, SNP array analysis provides significantly improved detection of submicroscopic genomic aberrations in pregnancies with CHDs. Based on these results, we propose that genomic SNP array is an effective method which could be used in the prenatal diagnostic test to assist genetic counseling for pregnancies with CHDs.
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23
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Surapornsawasd T, Ogawa T, Moriyama K. Identification of nuclear localization signals within the human BCOR protein. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3313-20. [PMID: 26054978 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BCL-6 corepressor (BCOR) gene, which encodes a transcriptional corepressor, were described to cause oculofaciocardiodental syndrome (MIM 300166). The purpose of this study was to localize the classical nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of the BCOR using reported human BCOR mutations with comparable phenotypes. The genotype-phenotype correlation among the mutations could not be clearly explained; however, the classical NLSs were identified at two possible sites; RVDRKRKVSGD at aa1131-1141 (NLS1) and LKAKRRRVSK at aa1158-1167 (NLS2). In addition, according to our results, NLS2 displayed a more efficient nuclear import function than NLS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunyaporn Surapornsawasd
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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24
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Danda S, van Rahden VA, John D, Paul P, Raju R, Koshy S, Kutsche K. Evidence of Germline Mosaicism for a Novel BCOR Mutation in Two Indian Sisters with Oculo-Facio-Cardio-Dental Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:251-6. [PMID: 25337074 DOI: 10.1159/000365768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report on 2 sisters from India with oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome caused by a novel heterozygous mutation c.3490C>T (p.R1164*) in the BCOR gene. OFCD syndrome is an X-linked inherited disorder which is lethal in males. Interestingly, both parents of the sisters were phenotypically normal, and DNA analysis from blood and buccal or saliva cells failed to detect the BCOR mutation found in their 2 daughters. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we provide indirect evidence of germline mosaicism for the BCOR mutation in one of the parents of the 2 sisters affected by OFCD syndrome. Although this condition is lethal in males, gonadal mosaicism could also be present in the father. The relevance of clinical diagnosis and mutation analysis required for genetic counseling is described in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Danda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Vanessa A van Rahden
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deepa John
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Padma Paul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Renu Raju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Santosh Koshy
- Department of Dental Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Williamson KA, FitzPatrick DR. The genetic architecture of microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:369-80. [PMID: 24859618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) are distinct phenotypes that represent a continuum of structural developmental eye defects. In severe bilateral cases (anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia) the genetic cause is now identifiable in approximately 80 percent of cases, with de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in SOX2 or OTX2 being the most common. The genetic cause of other forms of MAC, in particular isolated coloboma, remains unknown in the majority of cases. This review will focus on MAC phenotypes that are associated with mutation of the genes SOX2, OTX2, PAX6, STRA6, ALDH1A3, RARB, VSX2, RAX, FOXE3, BMP4, BMP7, GDF3, GDF6, ABCB6, ATOH7, C12orf57, TENM3 (ODZ3), and VAX1. Recently reported mutation of the SALL2 and YAP1 genes are discussed in brief. Clinical and genetic features were reviewed in a total of 283 unrelated MAC cases or families that were mutation-positive from these 20 genes. Both the relative frequency of mutations in MAC cohort screens and the level of confidence in the assignment of disease-causing status were evaluated for each gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Williamson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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Surapornsawasd T, Ogawa T, Tsuji M, Moriyama K. Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: novel BCOR mutations and expression in dental cells. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:314-20. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sakaguchi K, Yagi T, Nagata J, Kubota T, Sugihara K, Miyawaki S. Patient with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome treated with surgical orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141:S159-70. [PMID: 22449596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by ocular, facial, cardiac, and dental disorders. Only about 20 cases have been reported to date. The most prominent of the various features of this syndrome is canine radiculomegaly. Other features include a long and narrow face, a high nasal bridge, a broad and pointed nose, a bifid nose, ear deformity, cleft palate or submucous cleft palate, maxillary growth retardation, a large gonial angle, open apices, delayed eruption, persistent deciduous teeth, extreme overbite, and constricted maxilla. Orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment has been reported for several patients, but surgical-orthodontic treatment for OFCD has not been reported. An 18-year-old woman with skeletal Class III malocclusion and OFCD syndrome was treated with edgewise appliance therapy combined with orthognathic surgery. We applied a light force during the treatment so as not to induce ankylosis. At the end of the surgical and orthodontic treatments, functional occlusion and an improved facial profile were achieved. After the retention period, stomatognathic function was improved. The results of this treatment suggest that surgical-orthodontic treatment is an effective method for improving skeletal disharmony, facial profile, occlusion, and stomatognathic function in patients with OFCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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