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Ge X, Shi QM, Ding Z, Ju Q, Wang H, Wang Q, Li MX, Chen G, Wang HX, Xu LC. Association Between CRISPLD2 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Nonsyndromic Clefts of the Lip and/or Palate: A Meta-analysis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:328-334. [PMID: 29437515 DOI: 10.1177/1055665617738995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) are one of the most common polygenic diseases. Recently, many studies focused on the association between CRISPLD2 polymorphisms and NSCL/P risk. However, some studies have shown opposite results. In this study, meta-analysis was used to confirm whether CRISPLD2 polymorphism was associated with NSCL/P, and the possible mechanism between CRISPLD2 and NSCL/P was explored. METHODS Relevant studies were conducted on PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, CINAHL, FMRS, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from their inception up to June 31, 2016. Review Manager 5.0.24 was used to analyze whether CRISPLD2 polymorphism was involved in NSCL/P by pooling odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of the funnel plot. RESULTS CRISPLD2 rs4783099 was associated with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) statistically (OR = 3.18, P < .01). Compared to genotype TT, genotypes CC and CT were correlated significantly (OR = 2.04, P = .04) with CL/P. No evidence showed an association between genetic variation at the CRISPLD2 locus and cleft palate only (CP). CONCLUSION The polymorphism of CRISPLD2 rs4783099 is correlated with an increased risk of CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ge
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao-Mei Shi
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Ju
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Xue Li
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng-Xue Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- 1 School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Corbo M, Dujardin T, de Maertelaer V, Malevez C, Glineur R. Dentocraniofacial Morphology of 21 Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cephalometric Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 42:618-24. [PMID: 16241173 DOI: 10.1597/03-129.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the skeletal and dental craniofacial proportions of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who were operated upon using the Malek technique, and compare them with a normal group to highlight the effect of surgical correction on craniofacial development during growth. Design Retrospective. Methods The cleft palate was closed using the Malek technique in a single operation at 3 months for 11 patients (complete closure of lip and palate) and in a two-stage operation for 10 patients (soft palate at 3 months, lip and hard palate at 6 months). Comparisons were made with a normal control group. Angular and linear measurements of anterior and posterior dimensions of the upper and lower compartments of the face were measured in the 7th and 12th years. Results and Conclusion No significant differences were observed between the two groups of palate technique repair, although significant differences were observed between craniofacial dimensions of normal versus cleft lip and palate patients. At a skeletal level, the maxilla and mandible were retrusive relative to the cranial base in the cleft lip and palate group. In fact, there was a backward rotation of the palatal plane with repercussions on the maxillo-mandibular complex position. Furthermore, the maxilla was shorter than in normal patients, whereas the mandible was normally shaped. The upper incisors were retroclined and they locked the lower incisors in linguoversion. There was a posterior skeletal deficit of the respiratory compartment, compensated by more marked posterior maxillary alveolar growth. Facial growth in cleft lip and palate patients followed the same pattern, but was delayed compared with normal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Corbo
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Fabiola University Children's Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Tettamanti L, Avantaggiato A, Nardone M, Silvestre-Rangil J, Tagliabue A. Cleft palate only: current concepts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:45-52. [PMID: 28757935 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.1.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate only (CPO) is one of the most common congenital malformations worldwide. The etiopathogenesis of CPO is not completely understood. Environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, intake of drugs during pregnancy, advanced paternal age, have been demonstrated to be a risk of CPO, but conflicting results have also been published. Insufficient intake of folic acid during the pregnancy has been suggested to increase the risk for CPO. The demonstrated risk for siblings and the higher risk for monozygotic twins suggest a genetic etiopathogenesis for CPO. In some cases of CPO a prevalent mode of inheritance has been reported, but oligogenic models with reduced penetrance, and the risk related to environmental factors have also been proved. One of the first manifestations associated with CPO is difficulty with feeding. Aerophagia is a problem in these infants with CPO and requires more frequent burping and slower feeding. The inability to generate intraoral breath pressure due to nasal air emission in CPO children frequently manifests as articulation difficulties, particularly consonant weakness, and unintelligible speech. Hearing disorders are prevalent among individuals with CPO, as a result of chronic otitis media with effusion due to eustachian tube dysfunction. A multidisciplinary team is essential to manage the many aspects of CPO. In treating CPO, the reconstructive surgeon works in cooperation with otolaryngologists, dentists and orthodontists, speech pathologists, audiologists, geneticists, psychiatrists, maxillofacial surgeons, social workers, and prosthodontists. CPO can be considered a genetically complex disease, but new knowledge and new therapeutic approaches have greatly improved the quality of life of these children. Prenatal diagnosis is an important step in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tettamanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - A Avantaggiato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Tagliabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Tettamanti L, Avantaggiato A, Nardone M, Palmieri A, Tagliabue A. New insights in orofacial cleft: epidemiological and genetic studies on italian samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:11-19. [PMID: 28757931 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cleft of the lip and/or palate (CL±P) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly affecting around 1 in 700 live births worldwide. Clefts of the human face can be classified anatomically as cleft lip only (CL), cleft palate only (CP), cleft lip and palate (CLP) or a combined group of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P), based on differences in embryologic development. CL±P has a genetic base and several linkage and association analyses have been performed in order to obtain important information about the role of candidate genes in its onset; not less important are gene-environment interactions that play an increasing role in its aetiology. In CL±P, several loci have been seen associated with the malformation, and, in some cases, a specific gene mapping in a locus has also been identified as susceptibility factor. In CP, one gene has been found, but many more are probably involved. In this short review the genetic studies carried out on CL±P, and the interaction with environmental factors (alcohol, smoking, drugs) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tettamanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - A Avantaggiato
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nardone
- Ministry of Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - A Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Tagliabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Li D, Liu T, Meng X, Guo Q, Shi J, Hao Y, Jiao X, Lv K, Song T. Polymorphic variants in VAX1 and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a population from northern China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6550. [PMID: 28383424 PMCID: PMC5411208 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects, and the etiology of NSCL/P involves both genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a novel susceptibility locus of ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1) in patients with NSCL/P. However, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VAX1 with NSCL/P is inconclusive due to the differences in the racial and ethnic populations. The aim of this study was to replicate the association between VAX1 and NSCL/P in a northern Chinese Han population. METHODS Our study included 186 patients with NSCL/P and 223 healthy individuals from northern China. Five SNPs (rs4752028, rs10787760, rs7078160, rs6585429, and rs1871345) on VAX1 were genotyped using the SNaPshot method. RESULTS Recessive genetic model analysis revealed that homozygous genotype CC of VAX1 rs4752028 was associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P (odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-3.19, P = 0.017), but the results were not significant after the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The allele and genotype frequencies of rs10787760, rs7078160, rs6585429, and rs1871345 and the allele frequencies of rs4752028 showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Haplotype and SNP-SNP interaction analyses did not detect any significant association of VAX1 with the occurrence of NSCL/P. CONCLUSION VAX1 rs4752028 was weakly associated with NSCL/P development in the studied northern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Guo
- Scientific Research Management Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinna Shi
- Scientific Research Management Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Mohamad Shah NS, Salahshourifar I, Sulong S, Wan Sulaiman WA, Halim AS. Discovery of candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip palate through genome-wide linkage analysis of large extended families in the Malay population. BMC Genet 2016; 17:39. [PMID: 26868259 PMCID: PMC4751652 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are one of the most common birth defects worldwide. It occurs as a result of genetic or environmental factors. This study investigates the genetic contribution to nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate through the analysis of family pedigrees. Candidate genes associated with the condition were identified from large extended families from the Malay population. RESULTS A significant nonparametric linkage (NPL) score was detected in family 100. Other suggestive NPL and logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores were attained from families 50, 58, 99 and 100 under autosomal recessive mode. Heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) score ≥ 1 was determined for all families, confirming genetic heterogeneity of the population and indicating that a proportion of families might be linked to each other. Several candidate genes in linkage intervals were determined; LPHN2 at 1p31, SATB2 at 2q33.1-q35, PVRL3 at 3q13.3, COL21A1 at 6p12.1, FOXP2 at 7q22.3-q33, FOXG1 and HECTD1 at 14q12 and TOX3 at 16q12.1. CONCLUSIONS We have identified several novel and known candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate through genome-wide linkage analysis. Further analysis of the involvement of these genes in the condition will shed light on the disease mechanism. Comprehensive genetic testing of the candidate genes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Salahshourifar
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman
- Reconstructive Science Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Sukari Halim
- School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Gagliano N, Carinci F, Moscheni C, Torri C, Pezzetti F, Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Gioia M, Stabellini G. New insights in collagen turnover in orofacial cleft patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2014; 47:393-9. [PMID: 20590460 DOI: 10.1597/07-196.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the fibroblast phenotype of patients by analyzing gene and protein expression of cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblasts in relation to collagen turnover and extracellular matrix remodeling. PATIENTS Human palatal fibroblasts were obtained from three healthy subjects without cleft lip and/or cleft palate and from three subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Collagen turnover-related gene and protein expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western and dot blots, and sodium dodecyl sulfate zymography. RESULTS Cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblasts, compared with controls, displayed a down-regulation of collagens type I and III messenger RNA (p < .0001 and p < .001, respectively) but an opposite tendency to increase protein levels. Cleft lip and/or cleft palate cells had higher lysyl hydroxylase-2b messenger RNA levels expressed in relation to collagen type I messenger RNA, down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine messenger RNA (p < .0001 and p < .01, respectively). Pro-matrix metalloproteinase-1 tended to decrease, and pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were down-regulated (p < .01, p < .05, respectively), as was Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine protein expression (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblast phenotype is characterized by a tendency toward interstitial collagen deposition due to posttranslational modifications, such as decreased collagen degradation by matrix metalloproteinases and increased collagen cross-links. These findings may contribute to the knowledge of the cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblast phenotype and may be useful to the surgeon when considering the potential wound contraction and subsequent undesired scarring in cleft lip and/or cleft palate ocurring after the surgical closure of a cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Human Morphology and Biomedical Sciences–Città Study, Extracellular Matrix Laboratory, University of Milan, Italy.
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Rajendran R, Shaikh SF, Anil S. Tracing disease gene(s) in non-syndromic clefts of orofacial region: HLA haplotypic linkage by analyzing the microsatellite markers: MIB, C1_2_5, C1_4_1, and C1_2_A. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2012; 17:188-93. [PMID: 22345991 PMCID: PMC3276988 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.92101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is the most frequent craniofacial malformation seen in man. The etiology of CL/P is complex involving both genetic and epigenetic (environmental) factors, and the genes play an almost deterministic role in the normal development of craniofacial structures. This study was aimed at ascertaining the association of HLA microsatellites in CL/P patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case DNA was obtained from 76 patients (40M and 36 F, average age 7.8 years, range 1-16 years). Unaffected individuals from the same geographical area without population mixing included as controls (n=154, 76 M and 78 F, average age 8.2 years, range 2-17 years). All DNA samples were purified from peripheral blood by standard techniques. RESULTS: Four microsatellites were compared in this case-control study. C1_2_5 locus was the most polymorphic marker with 15 observed alleles while C1_4_1 had the least number of alleles. Three of the four markers viz MIB,C1_4_1 and C1_2_5 showed a significant association of microsatellite alleles with CL/P. Five alleles (MIB_326,332,350; C1_4_1 – 213 and C1_2_5-204) were seen with an increased frequency among the test samples, whereas two alleles (C1-4_1_217, and C1_2_5_196) had an increased frequency among the control samples. One allele (C1-4-1-209) had an increased frequency in patient group but was not observed in the controls. CONCLUSION: The role of HLA complex in the pathogenesis of CL/P is speculative and has not been established so far. The result of this study shows that a few alleles have an increased frequency of expression in the diseased group which suggests that these alleles may predispose the individuals to clefting. This finding may be beneficial to aid in early diagnosis and plan intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajendran
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Post Box: 60169, Riyadh-11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Prabhu S, Krishnapillai R, Jose M, Prabhu V. Etiopathogenesis of orofacial clefting revisited. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:228-32. [PMID: 22923895 PMCID: PMC3424939 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.99074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cleft anomaly may be more ancient than the man himself. It is one of the most common developmental malformations reported in the literature. There are number of intriguing theories regarding its etiopathogenesis, each of which has some evidence in its favor. This review highlights all the genetic and environmental etiologic factors and focuses on its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeendra Prabhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate is a complex genetic disorder with variable phenotype, largely attributed to the interactions of the environment and multiple genes, each potentially having certain effects. Numerous genes have been reported in studies demonstrating associations and/or linkage of the cleft lip and palate phenotypes to alleles of microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms within specific genes that regulate transcription factors, growth factors, cell signalling and detoxification metabolisms. Although the studies reporting these observations are compelling, most of them lack statistical power. This review compiles the evidence that supports linkage and associations to the various genetic loci and candidate genes. Whereas significant progress has been made in the field of cleft lip and palate genetics in the past decade, the role of the genes and genetic variations within the numerous candidate genes that have been found to associate with the expression of the orofacial cleft phenotype remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Murthy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, India
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Yu W, Serrano M, Miguel SS, Ruest LB, Svoboda KK. Cleft lip and palate genetics and application in early embryological development. Indian J Plast Surg 2009; 42 Suppl:S35-50. [PMID: 19884679 PMCID: PMC2825058 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.57185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the head involves the interaction of several cell populations and coordination of cell signalling pathways, which when disrupted can cause defects such as facial clefts. This review concentrates on genetic contributions to facial clefts with and without cleft palate (CP). An overview of early palatal development with emphasis on muscle and bone development is blended with the effects of environmental insults and known genetic mutations that impact human palatal development. An extensive table of known genes in syndromic and non-syndromic CP, with or without cleft lip (CL), is provided. We have also included some genes that have been identified in environmental risk factors for CP/L. We include primary and review references on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Maria Serrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Symone San Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - L. Bruno Ruest
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Kathy K.H. Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
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Venza M, Visalli M, Venza I, Torino C, Tripodo B, Melita R, Teti D. Altered binding of MYF-5 to FOXE1 promoter in non-syndromic and CHARGE-associated cleft palate. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:18-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suazo J, Santos JL, Jara L, Blanco R. Linkage disequilibrium betweenIRF6variants and nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate in the Chilean population. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2706-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Etiopathogenesis of Lip, Alveolar Process and Palate Clefts. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/v10035-008-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Zeiger JS, Hetmanski JB, Beaty TH, VanderKolk CA, Wyszynski DF, Bailey-Wilson JE, de Luna RO, Perandones C, Tolarova MM, Mosby T, Bennun R, Segovia M, Calda P, Pugh EW, Doheny K, McIntosh I. Evidence for linkage of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate to a region on chromosome 2. Eur J Hum Genet 2003; 11:835-9. [PMID: 14571267 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from a genome-wide screen of 10 multiplex families ascertained through probands with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) in Mexico, Argentina, and the United States yielded suggestive evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2, 6, 17 and 18. Fine mapping excluded all regions except chromosome 2. Subsequent analysis was performed on the original 10 families plus an additional 16 families using 31 markers on chromosome 2. This analysis showed intriguing evidence of linkage to 2q (Zlr=2.26, empirical P-value=0.028 in a chromosome-wide analysis). Transmission disequilibrium tests also revealed evidence of linkage and disequilibrium for two markers in this region (D2S168 and D2S1400 with P-values=0.022 and 0.006, respectively). A subset of these 26 families provided additional evidence for a susceptibility gene for CL/P on 2q, suggesting that further studies of genes in this region are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Zeiger
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Peanchitlertkajorn S, Cooper ME, Liu YE, Field LL, Marazita ML. Chromosome 17: Gene Mapping Studies of Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate in Chinese Families. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2003. [DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569(2003)040<0071:cgmsoc>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Peanchitlertkajorn S, Cooper ME, Liu YE, Field LL, Marazita ML. Chromosome 17: gene mapping studies of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese families. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2003; 40:71-9. [PMID: 12498608 DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0071_cgmsoc_2.0.co_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Involvement of loci on chromosome 17, including retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) in nonsyndromic oral clefts has been reported in Caucasian populations, although never investigated in Asian populations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate several loci on chromosome 17, including RARA, in Chinese families. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six multiplex families (310 individuals), ascertained through nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate surgical probands from hospitals in Shanghai, China, participated in the present study. There were 23 families whose probands had cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) and 13 with cleft lip alone (CL). RESULTS Seventeen markers, spanning chromosome 17 and about 10 cM apart were assessed. Logarithm of odds ratio (LOD) scores (two point and multipoint), model-free linkage analyses, and allelic association tests (transmission/disequilibrium, Fisher's exact tests, and chi-square) were performed on the total family sample, families with CLP probands (CLP subgroup), and families with CL probands (CL subgroup). LOD scores from the two-point analyses were inconclusive. Multipoint analyses rejected linkage except for a few regions in the CL subgroup. However, positive results were found using the model-free linkage and association methods (p < .05). The markers with positive results varied across the CL and CLP subgroups. However, the RARA region and loci nearby yielded consistently positive results. CONCLUSION Genetic variation within the RARA locus or nearby appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonsyndromic oral clefts in this population. Furthermore, based on the differing pattern of results in the CL versus CLP subgroups, it appears that the formation of CL and CLP is because of either differing alleles at the same genetic locus or different but related (and/or linked) genes that modify the severity and expression of oral clefting.
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Marazita ML, Field LL, Cooper ME, Tobias R, Maher BS, Peanchitlertkajorn S, Liu YE. Genome scan for loci involved in cleft lip with or without cleft palate, in Chinese multiplex families. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71:349-64. [PMID: 12087515 PMCID: PMC379167 DOI: 10.1086/341944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2002] [Accepted: 05/14/2002] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common congenital anomaly. Birth prevalences range from 1/500 to 1/1,000 and are consistently higher in Asian populations than in populations of European descent. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the CL/P etiological factors in Asian populations differ from those in white populations. A sample of 36 multiplex families were ascertained through probands with CL/P who were from Shanghai. This is the first reported genome-scan study of CL/P in any Asian population. Genotyping of Weber Screening Set 9 (387 short tandem-repeat polymorphisms with average spacing approximately 9 cM [range 1-19 cM]) was performed by the Mammalian Genotyping Service of Marshfield Laboratory. Presented here are the results for the 366 autosomal markers. Linkage between each marker and CL/P was assessed by two-point and multipoint LOD scores, as well as with multipoint heterogeneity LOD scores (HLODs) plus model-free identity-by-descent statistics and the multipoint NPL statistic. In addition, association was assessed via the transmission/disequilibrium test. LOD-score and HLOD calculations were performed under a range of models of inheritance of CL/P. The following regions had positive multipoint results (HLOD > or =1.0 and/or NPL P< or =.05): chromosomes 1 (90-110 cM), 2 (220-250 cM), 3 (130-150 cM), 4 (140-170 cM), 6 (70-100 cM), 18 (110 cM), and 21 (30-50 cM). The most significant multipoint linkage results (HLOD > or =2.0; alpha=0.37) were for chromosomes 3q and 4q. Associations with P< or =.05 were found for loci on chromosomes 3, 5-7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 20, and 21. The most significant association result (P=.009) was found with D16S769 (51 cM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Division of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Marazita ML, Field LL, Cooper ME, Tobias R, Maher BS, Peanchitlertkajorn S, Liu YE. Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate in China: Assessment of Candidate Regions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2002. [DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569(2002)039<0149:nclwow>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Marazita ML, Field LL, Cooper ME, Tobias R, Maher BS, Peanchitlertkajorn S, Liu YE. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in China: assessment of candidate regions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2002; 39:149-56. [PMID: 11879070 DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0149_nclwow_2.0.co_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Asians have the highest birth prevalence of oral-facial clefts, the majority of gene mapping studies of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) have been in European or American Caucasians. Therefore, the objective of this study of Chinese families was to evaluate linkage and association between CL/P and 10 genetic markers in five chromosomal regions that have shown positive results in Caucasians. SETTING Families were ascertained through nonsyndromic CL/P surgical probands from hospitals throughout Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS Study participants included 671 individuals from 60 families with two or more members affected with oral-facial clefts. Of the 671 total individuals, 145 were affected. RESULTS Ten markers from chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 17, and 19 were assessed (TGFA, MSX1, D4S194, D4S175, F13A1, GATA185H, D17S250, D17S579, D19S49, APOC2). LOD scores were calculated between each of the 10 markers and CL/P as well as model-free statistics of linkage (SimIBD) and association (TDT). None of the markers showed significantly positive LOD scores with CL/P. A significantly positive result (p =.01) was seen using SimIBD for APOC2 on chromosome 19, and a positive TDT result (p =.004) was obtained for D19S49, near APOC2. CONCLUSIONS This is the first gene mapping study of CL/P in China. These results indicate that most of the genetic regions with positive results in Caucasian families may not be involved in CL/P found in China, although there is some positive evidence for the candidate region on chromosome 19.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Asian People/genetics
- China
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Cleft Lip/genetics
- Cleft Palate/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Linkage/genetics
- Genetic Markers/genetics
- Genotype
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Lod Score
- MSX1 Transcription Factor
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Models, Genetic
- Statistics as Topic
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Transcription Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Marazita
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-1931, USA.
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