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Tacoli F, Cargnus E, Pozzebon A, Duso C, Tirello P, Pavan F. Side Effects of Kaolin and Bunch-Zone Leaf Removal on Predatory Mite Populations (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Occurring in Vineyards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1292-1298. [PMID: 30722064 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of kaolin and bunch-zone leaf removal on populations of predatory mites Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten were assessed in the context of four trials (2015-2016) carried out against Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in vineyards located in north-eastern Italy. Laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of kaolin on the survival and fecundity of K. aberrans and T. pyri populations originating from the same grape-growing area. In field trials, kaolin caused a gradual decrease in population density levels of both phytoseiid species (with the maximum reduction ranging from 49 to 91%) with a complete population recovery in the next spring. In laboratory experiments, kaolin was moderately harmful to both species, reducing their fecundity significantly (around 60%). Bunch-zone leaf removal determined lower phytoseiid populations in all trials, but this effect was significant only for K. aberrans in one of them. A limited use of kaolin and the adoption of bunch-zone leaf removal did not irreversibly affect phytoseiid populations in vineyards and thus can be considered compatible with IPM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tacoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Cargnus
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Tirello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Pavan
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Tyler-Julian K, Funderburk J, Srivastava M, Olson S, Adkins S. Evaluation of a Push-Pull System for the Management of Frankliniella Species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Tomato. INSECTS 2018; 9:E187. [PMID: 30544566 PMCID: PMC6316592 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A push-pull strategy for reducing populations of the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), F. bispinosa (Morgan) and F. tritici (Fitch) in tomato was evaluated. Push components consisted of ultraviolet (UV)-reflective mulch and foliar applications of kaolin and the pull component consisted of the companion plant Bidens alba (L.). Replicated field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Adult and larval thrips were reduced by UV-reflective mulch during early and mid-flowering of tomato. Spray applications of kaolin were effective in reducing adult and larval thrips during early, mid- and late-flowering. The pull effects of the B. alba companion plants were additive and sometimes interactive with the push effects of UV-reflective mulch and kaolin in reducing the adult males of each thrips species and the females of F. bispinosa. The strategy was not effective in reducing the adult females of F. tritici and F. occidentalis. In addition to attracting the Frankliniella species adults, the companion plants were hosts for the thrips predator Orius insidiosus (Say). The companion plants combined with UV-reflective mulch and kaolin proved effective as a push-pull system for suppressing flower thrips, including F. occidentalis which is a serious pest of tomato worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Tyler-Julian
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351, USA.
| | - Joe Funderburk
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351, USA.
| | - Mrittunjai Srivastava
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351, USA.
| | - Steve Olson
- Horticulture Department, University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
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Tacoli F, Pavan F, Cargnus E, Tilatti E, Pozzebon A, Zandigiacomo P. Efficacy and Mode of Action of Kaolin in the Control of Empoasca vitis and Zygina rhamni (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Vineyards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1164-1178. [PMID: 28383689 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During 2015, the influence of kaolin applications and bunch-zone leaf removal on the grapevine leafhoppers, Empoasca vitis (Göthe) and Zygina rhamni Ferrari, and their egg parasitoids (Anagrus spp.) was tested in four vineyards of northeastern Italy. The mode of action of kaolin on E. vitis nymphs was also investigated in the laboratory. In the treated plots, kaolin was applied at a rate of 2% w/v on two occasions separated by 5-6 d. In two vineyards, it was applied either on the whole canopy or the bunch zone at the beginning of the E. vitis second generation (preventive criterion), and in the other two vineyards, it was applied to the whole canopy at the peak of the E. vitis third generation (curative criterion). Both the preventive and curative kaolin applications caused a significant decrease in the populations of E. vitis and Z. rhamni nymphs. The effect of the preventive applications was persistent and was associated with reduced E. vitis leaf symptoms. Kaolin did not influence the activity of Anagrus spp. Bunch-zone leaf removal did not affect leafhopper populations. Laboratory experiments showed that inhibition of feeding was the main mode of action through which kaolin affected nymph populations. Based on these outcomes, kaolin could be a valuable alternative to synthetic insecticides in controlling grapevine leafhoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tacoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy (; ; ; ; )
| | - Francesco Pavan
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy ( ; ; ; ; )
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Elena Cargnus
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy (; ; ; ; )
| | - Elisabetta Tilatti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy (; ; ; ; )
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Via dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Zandigiacomo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy (; ; ; ; )
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Funderburk J, Frantz G, Mellinger C, Tyler-Julian K, Srivastava M. Biotic resistance limits the invasiveness of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Florida. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:175-182. [PMID: 26149353 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), has resulted in the world-wide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. It is hypothesized that frequent exposure to insecticides in intensive agriculture selected for resistant populations, which allowed invasive populations in the eastern USA to overcome biotic resistance from the native community of species. Research conducted in Florida to understand the role of biotic factors in limiting the abundance of the western flower thrips is reviewed. Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) are effective predators that suppress populations of thrips on crop and non-crop hosts in southern and northern Florida. Orius are more effective predators of the western flower thrips than the native flower thrips, F. tritici (Fitch) and F. bispinosa (Morgan). The native species are competitors of the western flower thrips. Excessive fertilization and the use of broad-spectrum insecticides in crop fields further enhances populations of the western flower thrips. Interactions with native species clearly limit the abundance of western flower thrips in Florida, but populations are abundant in fertilized crop fields where application of insecticides excludes predators and competitor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Funderburk
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, 32351, USA
| | - Galen Frantz
- Glades Crop Care, Inc, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | | | | | - Mrittunjai Srivastava
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, 32351, USA
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Funderburk C, Funderburk J, Tyler-Julian K, Srivastava M, Knox G, Andersen P, Adkins S. Population Dynamics of Frankliniella bispinosa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and the Predator Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) as Influenced by Flower Color of Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:668-679. [PMID: 26313973 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Crapemyrtle is a common landscape planting that is a resource subsidy for beneficial insects. Field studies were conducted to determine the influence of crapemyrtle flower color on the population abundances and predator-prey dynamics of the herbivorous Frankliniella species and the predator Orius insidiosus. Adults and immatures of predator and prey were highly anthophilous, preferring white 'Acoma' flowers compared with lavender 'Apalachee', red 'Carolina Beauty', and pink 'Choctaw'. The predator was aggregated with its prey in a density-dependent manner: the adults by preferring the crapemyrtle clones also preferred by the thrips and the nymphs by direct tracking or as a function of increased prey and fecundity. Acoma was best for preference and buildup of O. insidiosus populations, and it was the only clone where there was no buildup in thrips populations. Two species of Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaoethripidae), predators of small insects, were common in Tillandsia usneoides, an epiphyte on the crapemyrtle. Crapemyrtle is a bridge to enhance populations of O. insidiosus during summer months when there are few other hosts in the southern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Funderburk
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Joe Funderburk
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351. Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Kara Tyler-Julian
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Mrittunjai Srivastava
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Gary Knox
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Peter Andersen
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
| | - Scott Adkins
- Horticultural Research Lab, USDA ARS, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
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