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de Souza RF, Amaro TR, Palacio-Cortés AM, da Silva MAN, Dionisio JF, Pezenti LF, Lopes TBF, Mantovani MS, Zequi JAC, da Rosa R. Comparative transcriptional analysis between susceptible and resistant populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) after malathion exposure. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:92. [PMID: 39367967 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is an important vector of arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. The application of synthetic insecticides is a frequently used strategy to control this insect. Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide that was widely used in Brazil in the 1980s and 1990s to control the adult form of A. aegypti. In situations where resistance to currently used insecticides is detected, the use of malathion may be resumed as a control measure. Many studies have confirmed resistance to malathion, however, comparative studies of differential gene expression of the entire transcriptome of resistant and susceptible insects are scarce. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of resistance to this insecticide in this species is extremely important. In this paper, we present the first transcriptomic description of susceptible and resistant strains of A. aegypti challenged with malathion. Guided transcriptome assembly resulted in 39,904 transcripts, where 2133 differentially expressed transcripts were detected, and three were validated by RT-qPCR. Enrichment analysis for these identified transcripts resulted in 13 significant pathways (padj < 0.05), 8 associated with down-regulated and 5 with up-regulated transcripts in treated resistant insects. It was possible to divide the transcripts according to the mechanism of action into three main groups: (i) genes involved in detoxification metabolic pathways; (ii) genes of proteins located in the membrane/extracellular region; and (iii) genes related to DNA integration/function. These results are important in advancing knowledge of genes related to resistance mechanisms in this insect, enabling the development of effective technologies and strategies for managing insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tafarel Ribeiro Amaro
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid/Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP: 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Palacio-Cortés
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Fisiologia de Culicidae E Chironomidae, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Navarro da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Fisiologia de Culicidae E Chironomidae, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Fernanda Dionisio
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid/Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP: 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Forim Pezenti
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid/Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP: 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Thayná Bisson Ferraz Lopes
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid/Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP: 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Cyrino Zequi
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata da Rosa
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid/Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP: 86057-970, Brazil.
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Martínez Rodríguez EJ, Phelan PL, Canas L, Acosta N, Rakotondraibe HL, Piermarini PM. Larvicidal Activity of Hemp Extracts and Cannabidiol against the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2024; 15:517. [PMID: 39057250 PMCID: PMC11276947 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate pyrethroid resistance in mosquito vectors of emerging and re-emerging human pathogens, there is an urgent need to discover insecticides with novel modes of action. Natural alternatives, such as extracts derived from plants, may serve as substitutes for traditional synthetic insecticides if they prove to be sustainable, cost-effective, and safe for non-target organisms. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a sustainable plant known to produce various secondary metabolites with insecticidal properties, including terpenoids and flavonoids. The goal of this study was to assess the larvicidal activity of hemp leaf extract on mosquito larvae from both pyrethroid-susceptible (PS) and pyrethroid-resistant (PR) strains of Aedes aegypti. Another goal was to identify which components of the extract were responsible for any observed larvicidal activity. We found that a methanol extract of hemp leaves induced similar concentration-dependent larvicidal activity against PS (LC50: 4.4 ppm) and PR (LC50: 4.3 ppm) strains within 48 h. Partitioning of the leaf extract between methanol and hexane fractions revealed that full larvicidal activity was restricted to the methanol fraction. Analysis of this fraction by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance showed it to be dominated by cannabidiol (CBD). Larvicidal assays using authentic CBD confirmed this compound was primarily responsible for the toxicity of the hemp leaf extract against both strains. We conclude that hemp leaf extracts and CBD have the potential to serve as viable sources for the development of novel mosquito larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J. Martínez Rodríguez
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (E.J.M.R.); (P.L.P.); (L.C.); (N.A.)
| | - P. Larry Phelan
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (E.J.M.R.); (P.L.P.); (L.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Luis Canas
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (E.J.M.R.); (P.L.P.); (L.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Nuris Acosta
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (E.J.M.R.); (P.L.P.); (L.C.); (N.A.)
| | | | - Peter M. Piermarini
- College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (E.J.M.R.); (P.L.P.); (L.C.); (N.A.)
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Wang Y, Wang X, Brown DJ, An M, Xue RD, Liu N. Insecticide resistance: Status and potential mechanisms in Aedes aegypti. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105577. [PMID: 37666603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, an important vector in the transmission of human diseases, has developed resistance to two commonly used classes of insecticides, pyrethroids and organophosphates, in populations worldwide. This study examined sensitivity/resistance to chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, malathion, deltamethrin, permethrin, and β-cyfluthrin, along with possible metabolic detoxification and target site insensitivity, in three Aedes aegypti mosquito strains. The resistant strain (PR) had developed high levels of resistance to all three pyrethroid insecticides compared to a susceptible population, with 6, 500-, 3200- and 17,000-fold resistance to permethrin, β-cyfluthrin, and deltamethrin, respectively. A newly emerged Ae. aegypti population collected from St. Augustine, Florida (AeStA) showed elevated levels of resistance to malathion (12-fold) and permethrin (25-fold). Synergists DEF (S,S,S,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) and DEM (diethyl maleate) showed no or minor effects on insecticide resistance in both the AeStA and PRG20strains, but PBO (piperonyl butoxide) completely abolished resistance to both malathion and permethrin in AeStA and partially suppressed resistance in PR. The voltage-gated sodium channel sequences were examined to explore the mechanism that only partially inhibited the suppression of resistance to PBO in PR. Two mutations, V1016G/I and F1534C substitutions, both of which are associated with the development of pyrethroid resistance, were identified in the PRG20 strain but not in AeStA. These results suggest that while cytochrome P450 mediated detoxification may not be solely responsible, it is the major mechanism governing the development of resistance in AeStA. Both P450 mediated detoxification and target site insensitivity through the mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel contribute to the high levels of resistance in the PRG20 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Dylan J Brown
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Mengru An
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092, United States of America.
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
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Derilus D, Impoinvil LM, Muturi EJ, McAllister J, Kenney J, Massey SE, Hemme R, Kothera L, Lenhart A. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Insecticide-Resistant Aedes aegypti from Puerto Rico Reveals Insecticide-Specific Patterns of Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1626. [PMID: 37628677 PMCID: PMC10454789 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti transmits major arboviruses of public health importance, including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. The use of insecticides represents the cornerstone of vector control; however, insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti has become widespread. Understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in this species is crucial to design effective resistance management strategies. Here, we applied Illumina RNA-Seq to study the gene expression patterns associated with resistance to three widely used insecticides (malathion, alphacypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin) in Ae. aegypti populations from two sites (Manatí and Isabela) in Puerto Rico (PR). Cytochrome P450s were the most overexpressed detoxification genes across all resistant phenotypes. Some detoxification genes (CYP6Z7, CYP28A5, CYP9J2, CYP6Z6, CYP6BB2, CYP6M9, and two CYP9F2 orthologs) were commonly overexpressed in mosquitoes that survived exposure to all three insecticides (independent of geographical origin) while others including CYP6BY1 (malathion), GSTD1 (alpha-cypermethrin), CYP4H29 and GSTE6 (lambda-cyhalothrin) were uniquely overexpressed in mosquitoes that survived exposure to specific insecticides. The gene ontology (GO) terms associated with monooxygenase, iron binding, and passive transmembrane transporter activities were significantly enriched in four out of six resistant vs. susceptible comparisons while serine protease activity was elevated in all insecticide-resistant groups relative to the susceptible strain. Interestingly, cuticular-related protein genes (chinase and chitin) were predominantly downregulated, which was also confirmed in the functional enrichment analysis. This RNA-Seq analysis presents a detailed picture of the candidate detoxification genes and other pathways that are potentially associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Ae. aegypti populations from PR. These results could inform development of novel molecular tools for detection of resistance-associated gene expression in this important arbovirus vector and guide the design and implementation of resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieunel Derilus
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.I.); (E.J.M.)
| | - Lucy Mackenzie Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.I.); (E.J.M.)
| | - Ephantus J. Muturi
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.I.); (E.J.M.)
| | - Janet McAllister
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; (J.M.); (J.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Joan Kenney
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; (J.M.); (J.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Steven E. Massey
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00925, USA;
| | - Ryan Hemme
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR 00920, USA;
| | - Linda Kothera
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; (J.M.); (J.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.I.); (E.J.M.)
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Zhu X, Valbon W, Qiu M, Hu CT, Yang J, Erriah B, Jankowska M, Dong K, Ward MD, Kahr B. Insecticidal and Repellent Properties of Rapid-Acting Fluorine-Containing Compounds against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1396-1407. [PMID: 37311068 PMCID: PMC10353007 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and potent insecticides remains an integral part of a multifaceted strategy to effectively control human-disease-transmitting insect vectors. Incorporating fluorine can dramatically alter the physiochemical properties and bioavailability of insecticides. For example, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethane (DFDT)─a difluoro congener of trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)─was demonstrated previously to be 10-fold less toxic to mosquitoes than DDT in terms of LD50 values, but it exhibited a 4-fold faster knockdown. Described herein is the discovery of fluorine-containing 1-aryl-2,2,2-trichloro-ethan-1-ols (FTEs, for fluorophenyl-trichloromethyl-ethanols). FTEs, particularly per-fluorophenyl-trichloromethyl-ethanol (PFTE), exhibited rapid knockdown not only against Drosophila melanogaster but also against susceptible and resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, major vectors of Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and Chikungunya viruses. The R enantiomer of any chiral FTE, synthesized enantioselectively, exhibited faster knockdown than its corresponding S enantiomer. PFTE does not prolong the opening of mosquito sodium channels that are characteristic of the action of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. In addition, pyrethroid/DDT-resistant Ae. aegypti strains having enhanced P450-mediated detoxification and/or carrying sodium channel mutations that confer knockdown resistance were not cross-resistant to PFTE. These results indicate a mechanism of PFTE insecticidal action distinct from that of pyrethroids or DDT. Furthermore, PFTE elicited spatial repellency at concentrations as low as 10 ppm in a hand-in-cage assay. PFTE and MFTE were found to possess low mammalian toxicity. These results suggest the substantial potential of FTEs as a new class of compounds for controlling insect vectors, including pyrethroid/DDT-resistant mosquitoes. Further investigations of FTE insecticidal and repellency mechanisms could provide important insights into how incorporation of fluorine influences the rapid lethality and mosquito sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Wilson Valbon
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Chunhua T. Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Milena Jankowska
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Nicolaus
Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 Street, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Ke Dong
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
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Estep A, Kissoon K, Saldana M, Fredregill C. Persistent variation in insecticide resistance intensity in container breeding Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) co-collected in Houston, TX. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7175077. [PMID: 37210592 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As observed in many locations worldwide, resistance to pyrethroids is common in Aedes aegypti (L.) in the southern United States and northern Mexico. Strong resistance in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is less common and is not as well characterized. These 2 species have been undergoing range expansion and are sympatric in many locations including Houston, Texas. They are often collected from the same locations and lay eggs in the same larval habitats. In this study, we colonized both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from 4 locations in Houston and characterized insecticide resistance using permethrin as a model pyrethroid. We found differences in resistance intensity between the species at all 4 sites. Within the Ae. aegypti, resistance ratios ranged from 3.5- to 30.0-fold when compared to the ORL1952 laboratory susceptible strain. Expression of several P450s was higher than in the ORL1952 strain, but the pattern was similar between the field strains of Ae. aegypti. Higher resistance ratios did correlate with increasing percentages of the dilocus knockdown resistance (kdr) genotype. In contrast, Ae. albopictus from the 4 locations all had very low resistance ratios (<4-fold) when compared to the same laboratory susceptible strain. Five years later, we performed additional collections and characterization from the most resistant location to assess the temporal persistence of this difference in resistance between the species. The same pattern of high resistance in Ae. aegypti and low resistance in sympatric Ae. albopictus remained 5 yr later and this may have implications for operational efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden Estep
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kimberley Kissoon
- Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3300 Spanish Trail, Suite D, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Miguel Saldana
- Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3300 Spanish Trail, Suite D, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Chris Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3300 Spanish Trail, Suite D, Houston, TX 77021, USA
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Ratnayake OC, Chotiwan N, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R. The buzz in the field: the interaction between viruses, mosquitoes, and metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1128577. [PMID: 37360524 PMCID: PMC10289420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1128577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among many medically important pathogens, arboviruses like dengue, Zika and chikungunya cause severe health and economic burdens especially in developing countries. These viruses are primarily vectored by mosquitoes. Having surmounted geographical barriers and threat of control strategies, these vectors continue to conquer many areas of the globe exposing more than half of the world's population to these viruses. Unfortunately, no medical interventions have been capable so far to produce successful vaccines or antivirals against many of these viruses. Thus, vector control remains the fundamental strategy to prevent disease transmission. The long-established understanding regarding the replication of these viruses is that they reshape both human and mosquito host cellular membranes upon infection for their replicative benefit. This leads to or is a result of significant alterations in lipid metabolism. Metabolism involves complex chemical reactions in the body that are essential for general physiological functions and survival of an organism. Finely tuned metabolic homeostases are maintained in healthy organisms. However, a simple stimulus like a viral infection can alter this homeostatic landscape driving considerable phenotypic change. Better comprehension of these mechanisms can serve as innovative control strategies against these vectors and viruses. Here, we review the metabolic basis of fundamental mosquito biology and virus-vector interactions. The cited work provides compelling evidence that targeting metabolism can be a paradigm shift and provide potent tools for vector control as well as tools to answer many unresolved questions and gaps in the field of arbovirology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshani C. Ratnayake
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nunya Chotiwan
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rushika Perera
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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8
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Norris EJ, Bloomquist JR. Sodium channel-directed alkaloids synergize the mosquitocidal and neurophysiological effects of natural pyrethrins. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 186:105171. [PMID: 35973763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We explored the potential of two sodium channel activators, veratrine and aconitine, as both insecticides and synergists of natural pyrethrins (NP) on Aedes aegypti adults and larvae. Aconitine was more toxic than veratrine, with an LD50 of 157 ng/mg compared to 376 ng/mg, on the pyrethroid-susceptible Orlando strain, but only aconitine showed significant resistance in the pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico strain (RR = 14.6 in topical application and 8.8 in larval bioassay). When applied in mixtures with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and NP, large synergism values were obtained on the Orlando strain. Aconitine + PBO mixture synergized NP 21.8-fold via topical adult application and 10.2-fold in larval bioassays, whereas veratrine + PBO synergized NP 5.3-fold via topical application and 30.5-fold in larval bioassays. Less synergism of NP was observed on the resistant Puerto Rico strain, with acontine + PBO synergizing NP only 4.1-fold in topical application (8-fold in larval bioassays) and veratrine + PBO synergizing NP 9.5-fold in topical application (13.3-fold in larval bioassays). When alkaloids were applied directly to the mosquito larval nervous system, veratrine was nearly equipotent on both strains, while aconitine was less active on pyrethroid-resistant nerve preparations (no block at 10 μM compared to block at 1 μM on the susceptible strain). The nerve blocking effect of NP was significantly synergized by both compounds on the pyrethroid-susceptible strain by about 10-fold, however only veratrine synergized NP block on the pyrethroid-resistant strain, also showing 10-fold synergism). These results highlight the potential of site II sodium channel activators as insecticides and their ability to synergize pyrethroids, which may extend the commercial lifetime of these chemistries so essential to public health vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Norris
- United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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9
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Valbon W, Andreazza F, Oliveira EE, Liu F, Feng B, Hall M, Klimavicz J, Coats JR, Dong K. Bioallethrin activates specific olfactory sensory neurons and elicits spatial repellency in Aedes aegypti. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:438-445. [PMID: 34661374 PMCID: PMC8748403 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of pyrethroid insecticides is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Commonly known for their insecticidal activity by acting on voltage-gated sodium channels, pyrethroids, such as bioallethrin and transfluthrin, are used in mosquito coils, emanators and other vaporizers to repel mosquitoes and other biting arthropods. However, whether specific olfactory receptor neurons are activated by pyrethroids to trigger spatial repellency remains unknown. RESULTS We used behavioral and electrophysiological approaches to elucidate the mechanism of bioallethrin repellency in Aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. We found that bioallethrin elicits spatial (i.e. non-contact) repellency and activates a specific type of olfactory receptor neuron in mosquito antennae. Furthermore, bioallethrin repellency is significantly reduced in a mosquito mutant of Orco, an obligate olfactory co-receptor that is essential for the function of odorant receptors (Ors). These results indicate that activation of specific Or(s) by bioallethrin contributes to bioallethrin repellency. In addition, bioallethrin repellency was reduced in a pyrethroid-resistant strain that carries two mutations in the sodium channel gene that are responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids, indicating a role of activation of sodium channels in bioallethrin repellency. CONCLUSION Results from this study show that bioallethrin repellency is likely to be the result of co-activation of Or(s) and sodium channels. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of volatile pyrethroids in spatial repellency, but also provide a framework for developing new repellents based on the dual-target mechanism revealed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Valbon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felipe Andreazza
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eugenio E. Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute of Health and Environment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maura Hall
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James Klimavicz
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joel R. Coats
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author: (KD)
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10
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Cattel J, Minier M, Habchi-Hanriot N, Pol M, Faucon F, Gaude T, Gaborit P, Issaly J, Ferrero E, Chandre F, Pocquet N, David JP, Dusfour I. Impact of selection regime and introgression on deltamethrin resistance in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti - a comparative study between contrasted situations in New Caledonia and French Guiana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5589-5598. [PMID: 34398490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin have been massively used against Aedes aegypti leading to the spread of resistance alleles worldwide. In an insecticide resistance management context, we evaluated the temporal dynamics of deltamethrin resistance using two distinct populations carrying resistant alleles at different frequencies. Three different scenarios were followed: a continuous selection, a full release of selection, or a repeated introgression with susceptible individuals. The responses of each population to these selection regimes were measured across five generations by bioassays and by monitoring the frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the transcription levels and copy number variations of key detoxification enzymes. RESULTS Knockdown resistance mutations, overexpression and copy number variations of detoxification enzymes as a mechanism of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin was found and maintained under selection across generations. On comparison, the release of insecticide pressure for five generations did not affect resistance levels and resistance marker frequencies. However, introgressing susceptible alleles drastically reduced deltamethrin resistance in only three generations. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed that strategies consisting to stop deltamethrin spraying are likely to fail when the frequencies of resistant alleles are too high and the fitness cost associated to resistance is low. In dead-end situations like in French Guiana where alternative insecticides are not available, alternative control strategies may provide a high benefit for vector control, particularly if they favor the introgression of susceptible alleles in natural populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cattel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Symbiosis Technologies for Insect Control (SymbioTIC), Plateforme de Recherche Cyroi, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Marine Minier
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Nausicaa Habchi-Hanriot
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- ARS La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Morgane Pol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Frederic Faucon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Gaborit
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jean Issaly
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emma Ferrero
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Ynsect, Damparis, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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11
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Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Campbell CL, Lozano S, Penilla-Navarro P, Lopez-Solis A, Solis-Santoyo F, Rodriguez AD, Perera R, Black IV WC. Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti: Genomic variants that confer knockdown resistance, recovery, and death. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009606. [PMID: 34138859 PMCID: PMC8211209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are one of the few classes of insecticides available to control Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Unfortunately, evolving mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations threaten our ability to control disease outbreaks. Two common pyrethroid resistance mechanisms occur in Ae. aegypti: 1) knockdown resistance, which involves amino acid substitutions at the pyrethroid target site-the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)-and 2) enhanced metabolism by detoxification enzymes. When a heterogeneous population of mosquitoes is exposed to pyrethroids, different responses occur. During exposure, a proportion of mosquitoes exhibit immediate knockdown, whereas others are not knocked-down and are designated knockdown resistant (kdr). When these individuals are removed from the source of insecticide, the knocked-down mosquitoes can either remain in this status and lead to dead or recover within a few hours. The proportion of these phenotypic responses is dependent on the pyrethroid concentration and the genetic background of the population tested. In this study, we sequenced and performed pairwise genome comparisons between kdr, recovered, and dead phenotypes in a pyrethroid-resistant colony from Tapachula, Mexico. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with each phenotype and identified genes that are likely associated with the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance, including detoxification, the cuticle, and insecticide target sites. We identified high association between kdr and mutations at VGSC and moderate association with additional insecticide target site, detoxification, and cuticle protein coding genes. Recovery was associated with cuticle proteins, the voltage-dependent calcium channel, and a different group of detoxification genes. We provide a list of detoxification genes under directional selection in this field-resistant population. Their functional roles in pyrethroid metabolism and their potential uses as genomic markers of resistance require validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Corey L. Campbell
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Saul Lozano
- Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Alma Lopez-Solis
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Francisco Solis-Santoyo
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Americo D. Rodriguez
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Mexico
| | - Rushika Perera
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - William C. Black IV
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center of Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Jiang D. Multiple insecticide resistance and associated mechanisms to volatile pyrethroid in an Aedes albopictus population collected in southern China. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104823. [PMID: 33838716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and volatile pyrethroids are widely used to control the vectors of dengue arboviral diseases, Aedes albopictus in China. The development of resistance to conventional pyrethroids has become an increasing problem, potentially affecting the use of volatile pyrethroid. The Ae. albopictus dimefluthrin-resistant (R) strain by selecting the field population with dimefluthrin were investigated the multiple and cross-resistance levels between conventional and volatile pyrethroids and analyzed both target-site and metabolic resistant mechanisms to dimefluthrin compared with three volatile pyrethroids metofluthrin, meperfluthrin and esbiothrin and type II pyrethroid deltamethrin. The R strain displayed moderate to low resistance to selected pyrethroids (dimefluthrin, metofluthrin, meperfluthrin, esbiothrin and deltamethrin) associated with metabolic enzymes, but less distinctly to selected pyrethroids (dimefluthrin and metofluthrin) associated with a high frequency of sodium channel gene mutation (F1534S). Profiles of the multiple and cross-resistance of the R strain to other three volatile pyrethroids and type II pyrethroid deltamethrin were detected. Both synergistic and enzyme activity studies indicated that multifunctional oxidase (MFO) played an important role in this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yulei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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13
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Luu-Dam NA, Tabanca N, Estep AS, Nguyen DH, Kendra PE. Insecticidal and Attractant Activities of Magnolia citrata Leaf Essential Oil against Two Major Pests from Diptera: Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) and Ceratitis capitata (Tephritidae). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082311. [PMID: 33923456 PMCID: PMC8072556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Magnolia citrata Noot and Chalermglin (Magnoliaceae) essential oil (MCEO) was evaluated for insecticidal activity against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and attractant activity for the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. The leaves of Magnolia citrata (Giổi chanh) were collected from northwestern Vietnam, and the water-distilled MCEO was analyzed by gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of MCEO were identified as linalool 19%, geranial 16%, citronellal 14%, neral 14%, and sabinene 12%. MCEO showed 100% mortality at 1 μg/μL against 1st instar larvae of Ae. aegypti (Orlando strain, ORL), and the oil exhibited 54% (ORL) and 68% (Puerto Rico strain) mortality at 5 μg/mosquito against Ae. aegypti adult females. Initial screens showed that MCEO had weak insecticidal activity compared to the positive control permethrin. In bioassays with sterile male C. capitata, MCEO exhibited moderately strong attraction, comparable to that observed with a positive control, Tetradenia riparia essential oil (TREO). Herein, the insecticidal and attractant activities of MCEO are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Luu-Dam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam; (N.A.L.-D.); (D.H.N.)
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No.18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (P.E.K.)
| | - Alden S. Estep
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Duy Hung Nguyen
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam; (N.A.L.-D.); (D.H.N.)
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (P.E.K.)
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14
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Insecticide resistance and underlying targets-site and metabolic mechanisms in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Lahore, Pakistan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4555. [PMID: 33633183 PMCID: PMC7907206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistant Aedes populations have recently been reported in Pakistan, imposing a threat to their control. We aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations from Lahore to WHO-recommended insecticides and to investigate metabolic and target-site resistance mechanisms. For this purpose, we first carried out bioassays with the larvicides temephos and pyriproxyfen, and the adulticides malathion, permethrin, deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, and etofenprox. We looked for Knockdown resistance mutations (kdr) by qPCR, High-Resolution Melt (HRM), and sequencing. In order to explore the role of detoxifying enzymes in resistance, we carried out synergist bioassay with both species and then checked the expression of CYP9M6, CYP9J10, CYP9J28, CYP6BB2, CCAe3a, and SAP2 genes in Ae. aegypti. Both species were susceptible to organophosphates and the insect growth regulator, however resistant to all pyrethroids. We are reporting the kdr haplotypes 1520Ile + 1534Cys and T1520 + 1534Cys in high frequencies in Ae. aegypti while Ae. albopictus only exhibited the alteration L882M. PBO increased the sensitivity to permethrin in Ae. aegypti, suggesting the participation of P450 genes in conferring resistance, and indeed, CYP928 was highly expressed. We presume that dengue vectors in Lahore city are resistant to pyrethroids, probably due to multiple mechanisms, such as kdr mutations and P450 overexpression.
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15
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Vontas J, Katsavou E, Mavridis K. Cytochrome P450-based metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Aedes mosquito vectors: Muddying the waters. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104666. [PMID: 32980073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the substantial progress achieved in the characterization of cytochrome P450 (CYP) -based resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes, a number of questions remain unanswered. These include: (i) the regulation and physiology of resistance conferring CYPs; (ii) the actual contribution of CYPs in resistance alone or in combination with other detoxification partners or other resistance mechanisms; (iii) the association between overexpression levels and allelic variation, with the catalytic activity and the intensity of resistance and (iv) the true value of molecular diagnostics targeting CYP markers, for driving decision making in the frame of Insecticide Resistance Management applications. Furthermore, the translation of CYP - based insecticide resistance research in mosquitoes into practical applications, is being developed, but it is not fully exploited, as yet. Examples include the production of high throughput platforms for screening the liability (stability) or inhibition potential of novel insecticidal leads and synergists (add-ons), as well as the exploration of the negative cross resistance concept (i.e. detoxification of certain insecticides, but activation of others pro-insecticides). The goal of this review is to critically summarise the current knowledge and the gaps of the CYP-based metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Aedes mosquito vectors. The progress and limitations of the protein and the reverse/forward genetic approaches, the understanding and importance of molecular and physiological aspects, as well as the current and future exploitation routes of CYP research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vontas
- Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 875, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eva Katsavou
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 875, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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16
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Norris EJ, Demares F, Zhu X, Bloomquist JR. Mosquitocidal activity of p,p'-difluoro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DFDT). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104686. [PMID: 32980070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New insecticides are urgently needed for the control of arthropod vectors of public health diseases. As resistance to many insecticides used for the control of public health pests is ubiquitous, all available chemistries should be evaluated for their potential to effectively control both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant strains of mosquitoes. This study aimed to evaluate p-p'-difluoro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DFDT) as a mosquito control technology and relate its activity to that of DDT. We found that topical DFDT was significantly less toxic than DDT to both pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. Direct nervous system recording from Drosophila melanogaster CNS demonstrated that DFDT is approximately 10-times less potent than DDT at blocking nerve firing, which may explain its relatively lower toxicity. DFDT was shown to be at least 4500 times more vapor-active than DDT, with an LC50 in a vapor toxicity screening assay of 2.2 μg/cm2. Resistance to DFDT was assessed in two mosquito strains that possess target-site mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel and upregulated metabolic activity. Resistance ratios for Akdr (An. gambiae) and Puerto Rico (Ae. aegypti) strains were 9.2 and 12.2, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates that DFDT is unlikely to be a viable public health vector control insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Fabien Demares
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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17
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Tak JH, Coquerel QRR, Tsikolia M, Bernier UR, Linthicum K, Bloomquist JR. Screening for Enhancement of Permethrin Toxicity by Plant Essential Oils Against Adult Females of the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1149-1156. [PMID: 32020196 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most medically important mosquito species, due to its ability to spread viruses of yellow fever, dengue fever, and Zika in humans. In this study, the insecticidal activity of 17 plant essential oils was evaluated via topical application against two strains of Ae. aegypti mosquito, Orlando (insecticide-susceptible) and Puerto Rico (pyrethroid-resistant). Initial screens with the Orlando strain showed that cucumber seed oil (2017 sample) was the most toxic, followed by sandalwood and thyme oil. When the essential oils were mixed with permethrin, they failed to show any significant synergism of insecticidal activity. Sandalwood and thyme oils displayed consistently high mortality against the resistant Puerto Rico strain, with low resistance ratios of 2.1 and 1.4, respectively. In contrast, cucumber seed oil showed significantly less activity against Puerto Rico mosquitoes, with a resistance ratio of 45. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the 2017 sample of cucumber seed oil sample via flash column chromatography produced 11 fractions, and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the three active fractions were contaminated with 0.33, 0.36, and 0.33% of chlorpyrifos-methyl, an organophosphorus insecticide, whereas inactive fractions did not show any trace of it. These results suggested that the insecticidal activity of cucumber seed oil was probably due to the presence of the insecticide, later confirmed with a clean batch of cucumber seed oil obtained in 2018, which showed negligible insecticidal activity. These findings demonstrate clearly the need for essential oil analysis to confirm purity before any claims are made about pesticidal potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyung Tak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Maia Tsikolia
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ulrich R Bernier
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kenneth Linthicum
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Pinch M, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Kandel Y, Moore E, Hansen IA. Low Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Hybrid Offspring of a Highly Resistant and a More Susceptible Mosquito Strain. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5866135. [PMID: 32610346 PMCID: PMC7329315 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | | | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Yashoda Kandel
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Emily Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Current address: Department of Pediatrics – Occupational Therapy, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106
| | - Immo A Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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19
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Adesanya AW, Cardenas A, Lavine MD, Walsh DB, Lavine LC, Zhu F. RNA interference of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase increases susceptibilities to multiple acaricides in Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104550. [PMID: 32359548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest feeding on over 1100 plant species, including numerous highly valued economic crops. The control of T. urticae largely depends on the use of acaricides, which leads to pervasive development of acaricide resistance. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic detoxification is one of the major mechanisms of acaricide resistance in T. urticae. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) plays as a crucial co-factor protein that donates electron(s) to microsomal cytochrome P450s to complete their catalytic cycle. This study seeks to understand the involvement of CPR/P450 in acaricide resistance in T. urticae. The full-length cDNA sequence of T. urticae's CPR (TuCPR) was cloned and characterized. TuCPR was ubiquitously transcribed in different life stages of T. urticae and the highest transcription was observed in the nymph and adult stages. TuCPR was constitutively over-expressed in six acaricide resistant populations compared to a susceptible one. TuCPR transcriptional expression was also induced by multiple acaricides in a time-dependent manner. Down-regulation of TuCPR via RNA interference (RNAi) in T. urticae led to reduced enzymatic activities of TuCPR and cytochrome P450s, as well as a reduction of resistance to multiple acaricides, abamectin, bifenthrin, and fenpyroximate. The outcome of this study highlights CPR as a potential novel target for eco-friendly control of T. urticae and other related plant-feeding pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle W Adesanya
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Antonio Cardenas
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mark D Lavine
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Douglas B Walsh
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Laura C Lavine
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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20
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Yang L, Norris EJ, Jiang S, Bernier UR, Linthicum KJ, Bloomquist JR. Reduced effectiveness of repellents in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) and its correlation with olfactory sensitivity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:118-124. [PMID: 31338960 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is a vector of dengue fever, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, and in many areas possesses significant levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Behavioral performance was assessed in 15, 30, and 60 min exposures in a high throughput vapor phase spatial repellency assay to three contact repellent standards: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), ethyl 3-[acetyl(butyl)amino] propanoate (IR3535), and 2-undecanone, as well as pyrethrum extract, transfluthrin, and metofluthrin in susceptible (Orlando) and a pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti. Additionally, electroantennographic studies were used to investigate the antennal sensitivities to these compounds in both strains. RESULTS Resistance was found to all tested insect repellents in the Puerto Rico strain of Ae. aegypti. Resistance ratios at the different time points were about 2 for DEET, 3 for 2-undecanone, and 12 for IR3535. Resistance was also observed to pyrethrum extract (∼9-fold), transfluthrin (∼5-fold), and metofluthrin (∼48-fold) in repellent behavioral response. Electrophysiological analysis found decreased antennal sensitivity to all repellents tested, consistent with their behavioral effects. CONCLUSION The reduced sensitivity to these repellents may represent a fitness cost arising from the kdr mutation present in Puerto Rico Aedes aegypti. This work highlights the need for understanding collateral effects from the evolution of pesticide resistance in mosquitoes, and the importance of finding alternative strategies to control resistance development. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edmund J Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shiyao Jiang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ulrich R Bernier
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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21
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Age- and sex-related ABC transporter expression in pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19551. [PMID: 31862982 PMCID: PMC6925122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance mechanisms to synthetic insecticides often include point mutations and increased expression of genes encoding detoxification enzymes. Since pyrethroids are the main adulticides used against Aedes aegypti, which vectors pathogens such as Zika virus, understanding resistance to this insecticide class is of significant relevance. We focused on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico (PR) strain of Ae. aegypti. We investigated the expression patterns of six ABC transporters previously characterized as differentially expressed in insecticide-challenged mosquitoes, or increased mRNA expression in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti, by comparing PR to the Rockefeller (Rock) susceptible strain. No constitutive differential expression between strains was detected, but expression differences for these genes was influenced by sex and age, suggesting that their role is independent from resistance in PR. Instead, ABC transporters may be induced after insecticide exposure. Challenging mosquitoes with deltamethrin, with or without ABC transporter modulators, showed that Rock and PR responded differently, but a contribution of ABC transporters to deltamethrin toxicity is suspected. Moreover, the effect of dexamethasone, which enhanced the inhibition of nerve firing by deltamethrin, was observed using a Drosophila central nervous system preparation, showing synergy of these two compounds through the potential inhibition of ABC transporters.
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22
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Scott JG, Buchon N. Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful tool for studying insect toxicology. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 161:95-103. [PMID: 31685202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are valuable and widely used tools for the control of pest insects. Despite the use of synthetic insecticides for >50 years, we continue to have a limited understanding of the genes that influence the key steps of the poisoning process. Major barriers for improving our understanding of insecticide toxicity have included a narrow range of tools and/or a large number of candidate genes that could be involved in the poisoning process. Herein, we discuss the numerous tools and resources available in Drosophila melanogaster that could be brought to bear to improve our understanding of the processes determining insecticide toxicity. These include unbiased approaches such as forward genetic screens, population genetic methods and candidate gene approaches. Examples are provided to showcase how D. melanogaster has been successfully used for insecticide toxicology studies in the past, and ideas for future studies using this valuable insect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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23
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Smith LB, Sears C, Sun H, Mertz RW, Kasai S, Scott JG. CYP-mediated resistance and cross-resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Aedes aegypti in the presence and absence of kdr. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:119-126. [PMID: 31519246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti thrives in urban environments and transmits several debilitating human viral diseases. Thus, our ability to control this mosquito species in endemic areas is of utmost importance. The use of insecticides, mostly pyrethroids and organophosphates (OPs), has long been the primary means of controlling A. aegypti, but widespread insecticide resistance has emerged. The two main mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti are CYP-mediated detoxification and mutations in the target site, voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), referred to as knockdown resistance (kdr). Knowledge about the contributions and interactions of these mechanisms to resistance is important for the understanding of the molecular and evolutionary basis of insecticide resistance, and to determine the effectiveness of insecticides. In this study, we address two aims: 1) determine the patterns of CYP-mediated cross-resistance to pyrethroid and OP insecticides, both in the presence and absence of kdr (S989P + V1016G), and 2) determine whether the interaction between the two mechanisms yields a greater than, less than, or additive effect on resistance. We tested seven pyrethroids and four OPs against three congenic strains of A. aegypti: ROCK (susceptible), CYP:ROCK (CR) (resistant due to CYP-mediated detoxification without kdr), and CYP + KDR:ROCK (CKR) (resistant due to both CYPs and kdr), and compared these to the congenic KDR:ROCK strain that was previously reported. We found that resistance ratios (RRs) were variable between pyrethroids and strains, ranging from 6.2- to 42-fold for CR, and 70- to 261-fold for CKR. In general, we found that CYP-mediated resistance alone contributes less to resistance than kdr. The effect of the combined mechanisms on resistance was significantly greater than additive for all pyrethroids except (1R)-trans-fenfluthrin. CYP-mediated pyrethroid resistance conferred cross-resistance to both methyl paraoxon and fenitrothion, and negative cross-resistance to methyl parathion and naled. Based on our results, we recommend that etofenprox and cyfluthrin be avoided for A. aegypti control in areas where these two resistance mechanisms are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B Smith
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Colin Sears
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Haina Sun
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert W Mertz
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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24
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Saavedra‐Rodriguez K, Campbell CL, Lenhart A, Penilla P, Lozano‐Fuentes S, Black WC. Exome-wide association of deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti from Mexico. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 28:591-604. [PMID: 30758862 PMCID: PMC6766855 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the major vector of a number of arboviruses that cause disease in humans. Without vaccines or pharmaceuticals, pyrethroid insecticides remain the major tool for public health protection. Pyrethroid resistance is now widespread. Replacement substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) that reduce the stability of pyrethroid binding account for most of the resistance, but metabolic mechanisms also inactivate pyrethroids. High-throughput sequencing and the A. aegypti L5 annotated physical map has allowed interrogation of the exome for genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pyrethroid resistance. We exposed females of A. aegypti from Mexico to a deltamethrin discriminating dose to designate them as resistant (active after 1 h) or susceptible (knocked down with no recovery after 4 h). The vgsc on chromosome 3 had the highest association, followed by genes proximal to vgsc. We identified potential detoxification genes located singly (eg HPX8C) or within clusters in chromosome 2 [three esterase clusters, two of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP)] and chromosome 3 (one cluster of 16 CYP325 and seven CYP9 genes). Deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti is associated with mutations in the vgsc gene and a large assortment of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Saavedra‐Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - C. L. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - A. Lenhart
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and MalariaCenter for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - P. Penilla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and MalariaCenter for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - S. Lozano‐Fuentes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - W. C. Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and PathologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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25
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Rault LC, O'Neal ST, Johnson EJ, Anderson TD. Association of age, sex, and pyrethroid resistance status on survival and cytochrome P450 gene expression in Aedes aegypti (L.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 156:96-104. [PMID: 31027587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a vector of viruses that negatively impact human health. Insecticide resistance complicates mosquito control efforts, but understanding the mechanisms of resistance can help to improve management practices. This study examined different factors that could influence the interpretation of toxicity bioassays and gene expression studies in A. aegypti, including sex and age, in the context of resistance to pyrethroids. Bioassays using a pyrethroid-resistant strain, Puerto Rico (PR), and a pyrethroid-susceptible strain, Rockefeller (Rock), of A. aegypti were conducted with females and males of three age groups to determine differences in mortality induced by deltamethrin. Overall, strain was the only factor with a significant effect on the LD50. Enzyme assays showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in PR was constitutively higher than in Rock, and that pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) followed by a topical application of deltamethrin (LD25) significantly increased mortality in both strains. Evaluation of the expression levels of seven CYP9J genes previously reported to be involved in pyrethroid resistance revealed that CYP9J10, CYP9J19, and CYP9J28 were more highly expressed in PR than in Rock at all ages of females and males, indicating that they may be essential for resistance. The expression of CYP9J24, CYP9J26, CYP9J27, and CYP9J32 was higher in PR males compared to other groups, including PR females. Significant differences in expression between sexes and strains were also observed as a result of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Rault
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Scott T O'Neal
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ellis J Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Troy D Anderson
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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26
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Smith LB, Tyagi R, Kasai S, Scott JG. CYP-mediated permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti and evidence for trans-regulation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006933. [PMID: 30452436 PMCID: PMC6277111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti poses a serious risk to human health due to its wide global distribution, high vector competence for several arboviruses, frequent human biting, and ability to thrive in urban environments. Pyrethroid insecticides remain the primary means of controlling adult A. aegypti populations during disease outbreaks. As a result of decades of use, pyrethroid resistance is a global problem. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP)-mediated detoxification is one of the primary mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance. However, the specific CYP(s) responsible for resistance have not been unequivocally determined. We introgressed the resistance alleles from the resistant A. aegypti strain, Singapore (SP), into the genetic background of the susceptible ROCK strain. The resulting strain (CKR) was congenic to ROCK. Our primary goal was to determine which CYPs in SP are linked to resistance. To do this, we first determined which CYPs overexpressed in SP are also overexpressed in CKR, with the assumption that only the CYPs linked to resistance will be overexpressed in CKR relative to ROCK. Next, we determined whether any of the overexpressed CYPs were genetically linked to resistance (cis-regulated) or not (trans-regulated). We found that CYP6BB2, CYP6Z8, CYP9M5 and CYP9M6 were overexpressed in SP as well as in CKR. Based on the genomic sequences and polymorphisms of five single copy CYPs (CYP4C50, 6BB2, 6F2, 6F3 and 6Z8) in each strain, none of these genes were linked to resistance, except for CYP6BB2, which was partially linked to the resistance locus. Hence, overexpression of these four CYPs is due to a trans-regulatory factor(s). Knowledge on the specific CYPs and their regulators involved in resistance is critical for resistance management strategies because it aids in the development of new control chemicals, provides information on potential environmental modulators of resistance, and allows for the detection of resistance markers before resistance becomes fixed in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. Smith
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rakshit Tyagi
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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27
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Estep AS, Sanscrainte ND, Waits CM, Bernard SJ, Lloyd AM, Lucas KJ, Buckner EA, Vaidyanathan R, Morreale R, Conti LA, Becnel JJ. Quantification of permethrin resistance and kdr alleles in Florida strains of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006544. [PMID: 30356237 PMCID: PMC6218098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of locally transmitted dengue and Zika viruses in Florida have placed more emphasis on integrated vector management plans for Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse. Adulticiding, primarily with pyrethroids, is often employed for the immediate control of potentially arbovirus-infected mosquitoes during outbreak situations. While pyrethroid resistance is common in Ae. aegypti worldwide and testing is recommended by CDC and WHO, resistance to this class of products has not been widely examined or quantified in Florida. To address this information gap, we performed the first study to quantify both pyrethroid resistance and genetic markers of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus strains in Florida. Using direct topical application to measure intrinsic toxicity, we examined 21 Ae. aegypti strains from 9 counties and found permethrin resistance (resistance ratio (RR) = 6-61-fold) in all strains when compared to the susceptible ORL1952 control strain. Permethrin resistance in five strains of Ae. albopictus was very low (RR<1.6) even when collected from the same containers producing resistant Ae. aegypti. Characterization of two sodium channel kdr alleles associated with pyrethroid-resistance showed widespread distribution in 62 strains of Ae. aegypti. The 1534 phenylalanine to cysteine (F1534C) single nucleotide polymorphism SNP was fixed or nearly fixed in all strains regardless of RR. We observed much more variation in the 1016 valine to isoleucine (V1016I) allele and observed that an increasing frequency of the homozygous V1016I allele correlates strongly with increased RR (Pearson corr = 0.905). In agreement with previous studies, we observed a very low frequency of three kdr genotypes, IIFF, VIFF, and IIFC. In this study, we provide a statewide examination of pyrethroid resistance, and demonstrate that permethrin resistance and the genetic markers for resistance are widely present in FL Ae. aegypti. Resistance testing should be included in an effective management program. Aedes aegypti (Yellow-fever mosquito) and Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger mosquito) can vector a variety of arboviruses that cause diseases and are thus a public health concern. Pyrethroid insecticide resistance is common in Ae. aegypti in many locations worldwide and can adversely affect vector control operations. However, the resistance status of these vectors in Florida is largely unreported and recent local transmission of dengue and Zika viruses has made this information critical for effective control operations. In this study, we showed that permethrin resistance and two common SNPs of the voltage gated sodium channel (V1016I and F1534C) previously associated with pyrethroid resistance were widely present in Florida Ae. aegypti strains. We also observed a strong correlation between the dilocus knock down response (kdr) genotype and resistance ratio (RR) as determined by topical application, which suggests, as have others, that kdr frequency may be a useful indicator of resistance in Aedes aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden S. Estep
- CMAVE Detachment, Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Neil D. Sanscrainte
- Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Christy M. Waits
- CMAVE Detachment, Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Bernard
- CMAVE Detachment, Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Lloyd
- Pasco County Mosquito Control District, Odessa, FL, United States of America
| | - Keira J. Lucas
- Collier Mosquito Control District, Naples, FL, United States of America
| | - Eva A. Buckner
- Manatee Mosquito Control District, Palmetto, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Rachel Morreale
- Lee County Mosquito Control, Lehigh Acres, FL, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Conti
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - James J. Becnel
- Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Norris EJ, Johnson JB, Gross AD, Bartholomay LC, Coats JR. Plant Essential Oils Enhance Diverse Pyrethroids against Multiple Strains of Mosquitoes and Inhibit Detoxification Enzyme Processes. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040132. [PMID: 30287743 PMCID: PMC6316883 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases account for the deaths of approximately 700,000 people annually throughout the world, with many more succumbing to the debilitating side effects associated with these etiologic disease agents. This is exacerbated in many countries where the lack of mosquito control and resources to prevent and treat mosquito-borne disease coincide. As populations of mosquito species grow more resistant to currently utilized control chemistries, the need for new and effective chemical means for vector control is more important than ever. Previous work revealed that plant essential oils enhance the toxicity of permethrin against multiple mosquito species that are of particular importance to public health. In this study, we screened permethrin and deltamethrin in combination with plant essential oils against a pyrethroid-susceptible and a pyrethroid-resistant strain of both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. A number of plant essential oils significantly enhanced the toxicity of pyrethroids equal to or better than piperonyl butoxide, a commonly used synthetic synergist, in all strains tested. Significant synergism of pyrethroids was also observed for specific combinations of plant essential oils and pyrethroids. Moreover, plant essential oils significantly inhibited both cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities, suggesting that the inhibition of detoxification contributes to the enhancement or synergism of plant essential oils for pyrethroids. This study highlights the potential of using diverse plant oils as insecticide additives to augment the efficacy of insecticidal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Norris
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Jacob B Johnson
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Aaron D Gross
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Joel R Coats
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Prael FJ, Chen R, Li Z, Reed CW, Lindsley CW, Weaver CD, Swale DR. Use of chemical probes to explore the toxicological potential of the K +/Cl - cotransporter (KCC) as a novel insecticide target to control the primary vector of dengue and Zika virus, Aedes aegypti. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 151:10-17. [PMID: 30704707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of commercialized insecticides target the insect nervous system and therefore, neural proteins are well-validated targets for insecticide development. Considering that only a few neural targets are exploited for insecticidal action and the development of insecticide resistance has reduced the efficacy of current insecticidal classes, we sought to test the toxicological potential of the potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC). In mammals, KCC proteins have seminal roles in shaping GABAergic signaling and inhibitory neurotransmission, thus ion transport through KCC is critical for proper neurotransmission. Therefore, we hypothesized that mosquito KCC represents a putative insecticide target site and that pharmacological inhibition of KCC constructs in Aedes aegypti will be lethal. To test this hypothesis, we developed a robust, cell-based fluorescence assay that enables in vitro characterization of small-molecules against Ae. aegypti KCC and performed a proof-of-concept study employing well characterized mammalian KCC modulators to determine the toxicological potential of Ae. aegypti KCC. The selective inhibitor of mammalian KCC, termed VU0463271, was found to be a potent inhibitor Ae. aegypti KCC and microinjection induced lethality in a concentration-dependent manner to susceptible and pyrethroid resistant strains. Importantly, an analog of VU0463271 was shown to be >40-fold less potent and did not induce toxicity, suggesting that the observed physiological effects and mortality are likely due to KCC inhibition. This proof-of-concept study suggests that Ae. aegypti KCC represents a putative target site for mosquitocide design that can mitigate the current mechanisms of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Prael
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Zhilin Li
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Carson W Reed
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - C David Weaver
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Daniel R Swale
- Louisiana State University AgCenter, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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30
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Yan ZW, He ZB, Yan ZT, Si FL, Zhou Y, Chen B. Genome-wide and expression-profiling analyses suggest the main cytochrome P450 genes related to pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector, Anopheles sinensis (Diptera Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1810-1820. [PMID: 29393554 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles sinensis is one of the major malaria vectors. However, pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis is threatening malaria control. Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification is an important pyrethroid resistance mechanism that has been unexplored in An. sinensis. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the An. sinensis P450 gene superfamily with special attention to their role in pyrethroid resistance using bioinformatics and molecular approaches. RESULTS Our data revealed the presence of 112 individual P450 genes in An. sinensis, which were classified into four major clans (mitochondrial, CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4), 18 families and 50 subfamilies. Sixty-seven genes formed nine gene clusters, and genes within the same cluster and the same gene family had a similar gene structure. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of An. sinensis P450s (82/112) had very close 1: 1 orthology with Anopheles gambiae P450s. Five genes (AsCYP6Z2, AsCYP6P3v1, AsCYP6P3v2, AsCYP9J5 and AsCYP306A1) were significantly upregulated in three pyrethroid-resistant populations in both RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses, suggesting that they could be the most important P450 genes involved in pyrethroid resistance in An. sinensis. CONCLUSION Our study provides insight on the diversity of An. sinensis P450 superfamily and basis for further elucidating pyrethroid resistance mechanism in this mosquito species. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Bo He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Ling Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Estep AS, Sanscrainte ND, Waits CM, Louton JE, Becnel JJ. Resistance Status and Resistance Mechanisms in a Strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1643-1648. [PMID: 28981681 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Puerto Rico (PR) has a long history of vector-borne disease and insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti (L.). Defining contributing mechanisms behind phenotypic resistance is critical for effective vector control intervention. However, previous studies from PR have each focused on only one mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. This study examines the contribution of P450-mediated enzymatic detoxification and sodium channel target site changes to the overall resistance phenotype of Ae. aegypti collected from San Juan, PR, in 2012. Screening of a panel of toxicants found broad resistance relative to the lab susceptible Orlando (ORL1952) strain. We identified significant resistance to representative Type I, Type II, and nonester pyrethroids, a sodium channel blocker, and a sodium channel blocking inhibitor, all of which interact with the sodium channel. Testing of fipronil, a chloride channel agonist, also showed low but significant levels of resistance. In contrast, the PR and ORL1952 strains were equally susceptible to chlorfenapyr, which has been suggested as an alternative public health insecticide. Molecular characterization of the strain indicated that two common sodium channel mutations were fixed in the population. Topical bioassay with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) indicated cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification accounts for approximately half of the resistance profile. Transcript expression screening of cytochrome P450s and glutathione-S-transferases identified the presence of overexpressed transcripts. This study of Puerto Rican Ae. aegypti with significant contributions from both genetic changes and enzymatic detoxification highlights the necessity of monitoring for resistance but also defining the multiple resistance mechanisms to inform effective mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden S Estep
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, CMAVE Detachment, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Neil D Sanscrainte
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Christy M Waits
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, CMAVE Detachment, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Jessica E Louton
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - James J Becnel
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608
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32
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Agramonte NM, Bloomquist JR, Bernier UR. Pyrethroid resistance alters the blood-feeding behavior in Puerto Rican Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to treated fabric. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005954. [PMID: 28931018 PMCID: PMC5624645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging insecticide resistance is a major issue for vector control. It decreases the effectiveness of insecticides, thereby requiring greater quantities for comparable control with a net increase in risk of disease resurgence, product cost, and damage risk to the ecosystem. Pyrethroid resistance has been documented in Puerto Rican populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes. In this study, topical toxicity of five insecticides (permethrin, etofenprox, deltamethrin, DDT, transfluthrin) was determined for susceptible (Orlando-ORL) and resistant (Puerto Rico-PR) strains of Ae. aegypti. Resistance ratios were calculated using LD50 values, and high resistance ratios for permethrin (112) and etofenprox (228) were observed for the Puerto Rico strain. Behavioral differences in blood-feeding activity for pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti when exposed to pyrethroid-treated cloth were also explored. Strains were exposed for 15 min to a range of concentrations of pyrethroid-treated uniform fabric in a cage that contained 60 female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Interestingly, the resistance ratios for blood-feeding were similar for permethrin (61) and etofenprox (70), but were lower than their respective resistance ratios for topical toxicity, suggesting that knockdown resistance was the primary mechanism of resistance in the blood feeding assays. Results showed a rightward shift in the dose-response curves for blood-feeding that indicated higher concentrations of pyrethroids were necessary to deter blood-feeding behavior in the pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rican strain of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Agramonte
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ulrich R. Bernier
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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33
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Swale DR, Engers DW, Bollinger SR, Gross A, Inocente EA, Days E, Kanga F, Johnson RM, Yang L, Bloomquist JR, Hopkins CR, Piermarini PM, Denton JS. An insecticide resistance-breaking mosquitocide targeting inward rectifier potassium channels in vectors of Zika virus and malaria. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36954. [PMID: 27849039 PMCID: PMC5111108 DOI: 10.1038/srep36954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a growing threat to mosquito control programs around the world, thus creating the need to discover novel target sites and target-specific compounds for insecticide development. Emerging evidence suggests that mosquito inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels represent viable molecular targets for developing insecticides with new mechanisms of action. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of VU041, a submicromolar-affinity inhibitor of Anopheles (An.) gambiae and Aedes (Ae.) aegypti Kir1 channels that incapacitates adult female mosquitoes from representative insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains of An. gambiae (G3 and Akron, respectively) and Ae. aegypti (Liverpool and Puerto Rico, respectively) following topical application. VU041 is selective for mosquito Kir channels over several mammalian orthologs, with the exception of Kir2.1, and is not lethal to honey bees. Medicinal chemistry was used to develop an analog, termed VU730, which retains activity toward mosquito Kir1 but is not active against Kir2.1 or other mammalian Kir channels. Thus, VU041 and VU730 are promising chemical scaffolds for developing new classes of insecticides to combat insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, such as Zika virus, without harmful effects on humans and beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Swale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sean R Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Gross
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Edna Alfaro Inocente
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Emily Days
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fariba Kanga
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Reed M Johnson
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Peter M Piermarini
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jerod S Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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34
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Ponce-García G, Del Río-Galvan S, Barrera R, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Villanueva-Segura K, Felix G, Amador M, Flores AE. Knockdown Resistance Mutations in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Puerto Rico. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1410-1414. [PMID: 27493252 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin resistance is widespread in Aedes aegypti (L.), the main dengue, zika, and chikungunya virus vector in Latin America and the Caribbean. A common mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids-knockdown resistance (kdr)-is conferred through mutations in the insect's voltage-dependent sodium channel. In this mosquito, around 10 replacement substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (vgsc) have been reported in pyrethroid-resistant strains. Two of these mutations, named Ile1,016 and Cys1,534, are widespread in mosquito populations from Latin America and the Caribbean. This study assessed the levels of permethrin resistance and the frequency of two kdr mutations in eight Ae. aegypti populations collected in Puerto Rico in 2013. Permethrin resistance factors ranged from 33-214-fold relative to the New Orleans reference strain. The frequency of kdr mutation Ile1,016 ranged from 0.65 to fixation (1.0), and for Cys1,534 frequencies varied from 0.8 to fixation. Alarmingly, two populations-Carolina and Caguas-reached fixation at both loci. Our results suggest that permethrin effectiveness for Ae. aegypti control is compromised in these collections from Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ponce-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, México (; ; ; )
| | - Samantha Del Río-Galvan
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, México (; ; ; )
| | - Roberto Barrera
- Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico (; ; )
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Insect Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, México (; ; ; )
| | - Gilberto Felix
- Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico (; ; )
| | - Manuel Amador
- Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico (; ; )
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, México (; ; ; )
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35
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Smith LB, Kasai S, Scott JG. Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Important mosquito vectors of human diseases. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 133:1-12. [PMID: 27742355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of important human disease viruses, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control adult Aedes mosquitoes, especially during disease outbreaks. Herein, we review the status of pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti and A. albopictus, mechanisms of resistance, fitness costs associated with resistance alleles and provide suggestions for future research. The widespread use of pyrethroids has given rise to many populations with varying levels of resistance worldwide, albeit with substantial geographical variation. In adult A. aegypti and A. albopictus, resistance levels are generally lower in Asia, Africa and the USA, and higher in Latin America, although there are exceptions. Susceptible populations still exist in several areas of the world, particularly in Asia and South America. Resistance to pyrethroids in larvae is also geographically widespread. The two major mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance are increased detoxification due to P450-monooxygenases, and mutations in the voltage sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene. Several P450s have been putatively associated with insecticide resistance, but the specific P450s involved are not fully elucidated. Pyrethroid resistance can be due to single mutations or combinations of mutations in Vssc. The presence of multiple Vssc mutations can lead to extremely high levels of resistance. Suggestions for future research needs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B Smith
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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36
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Dong S, Kantor AM, Lin J, Passarelli AL, Clem RJ, Franz AWE. Infection pattern and transmission potential of chikungunya virus in two New World laboratory-adapted Aedes aegypti strains. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24729. [PMID: 27102548 PMCID: PMC4840389 DOI: 10.1038/srep24729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus belonging to the Togaviridae, which is transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We describe the infection pattern of CHIKV in two New World Ae. aegypti strains, HWE and ORL. Both mosquito strains were susceptible to the virus but showed different infection patterns in midguts and salivary glands. Even though acquisition of a bloodmeal showed moderate levels of apoptosis in midgut tissue, there was no obvious additional CHIKV-induced apoptosis detectable during midgut infection. Analysis of expression of apoptosis-related genes suggested that CHIKV infection dampens rather than promotes apoptosis in the mosquito midgut. In both mosquito strains, the virus was present in saliva within two days post-oral infection. HWE and ORL mosquitoes exhibited no salivary gland infection barrier; however, only 60% (HWE) to 65% (ORL) of the females had released the virus in their saliva at one week post-oral acquisition, suggesting a salivary gland escape barrier. CHIKV induced an apoptotic response in salivary glands of HWE and ORL mosquitoes, demonstrating that the virus caused pathology in its natural vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhang Dong
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Asher M Kantor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - A Lorena Passarelli
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rollie J Clem
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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37
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Esquivel CJ, Cassone BJ, Piermarini PM. A de novo transcriptome of the Malpighian tubules in non-blood-fed and blood-fed Asian tiger mosquitoes Aedes albopictus: insights into diuresis, detoxification, and blood meal processing. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1784. [PMID: 26989622 PMCID: PMC4793337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. In adult female mosquitoes, the renal (Malpighian) tubules play an important role in the post-prandial diuresis, which removes excess ions and water from the hemolymph of mosquitoes following a blood meal. After the post-prandial diuresis, the roles that Malpighian tubules play in the processing of blood meals are not well described. Methods. We used a combination of next-generation sequencing (paired-end RNA sequencing) and physiological/biochemical assays in adult female Asian tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus) to generate molecular and functional insights into the Malpighian tubules and how they may contribute to blood meal processing (3–24 h after blood ingestion). Results/Discussion. Using RNA sequencing, we sequenced and assembled the first de novo transcriptome of Malpighian tubules from non-blood-fed (NBF) and blood-fed (BF) mosquitoes. We identified a total of 8,232 non-redundant transcripts. The Malpighian tubules of NBF mosquitoes were characterized by the expression of transcripts associated with active transepithelial fluid secretion/diuresis (e.g., ion transporters, water channels, V-type H+-ATPase subunits), xenobiotic detoxification (e.g., cytochrome P450 monoxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, ATP-binding cassette transporters), and purine metabolism (e.g., xanthine dehydrogenase). We also detected the expression of transcripts encoding sodium calcium exchangers, G protein coupled-receptors, and septate junctional proteins not previously described in mosquito Malpighian tubules. Within 24 h after a blood meal, transcripts associated with active transepithelial fluid secretion/diuresis exhibited a general downregulation, whereas those associated with xenobiotic detoxification and purine catabolism exhibited a general upregulation, suggesting a reinvestment of the Malpighian tubules’ molecular resources from diuresis to detoxification. Physiological and biochemical assays were conducted in mosquitoes and isolated Malpighian tubules, respectively, to confirm that the transcriptomic changes were associated with functional consequences. In particular, in vivo diuresis assays demonstrated that adult female mosquitoes have a reduced diuretic capacity within 24 h after a blood meal. Moreover, biochemical assays in isolated Malpighian tubules showed an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity and the accumulation of uric acid (an end product of purine catabolism) within 24 h after a blood meal. Our data provide new insights into the molecular physiology of Malpighian tubules in culicine mosquitoes and reveal potentially important molecular targets for the development of chemical and/or gene-silencing insecticides that would disrupt renal function in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Esquivel
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , Wooster, OH , United States
| | - Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biology, Brandon University , Brandon, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Peter M Piermarini
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , Wooster, OH , United States
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Dusfour I, Zorrilla P, Guidez A, Issaly J, Girod R, Guillaumot L, Robello C, Strode C. Deltamethrin Resistance Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti Populations from Three French Overseas Territories Worldwide. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004226. [PMID: 26588076 PMCID: PMC4654492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a cosmopolite mosquito, vector of arboviruses. The worldwide studies of its insecticide resistance have demonstrated a strong loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids, the major class of insecticide used for vector control. French overseas territories such as French Guiana (South America), Guadeloupe islands (Lesser Antilles) as well as New Caledonia (Pacific Ocean), have encountered such resistance. Methodology/Principal Findings We initiated a research program on the pyrethroid resistance in French Guiana, Guadeloupe and New Caledonia. Aedes aegypti populations were tested for their deltamethrin resistance level then screened by an improved microarray developed to specifically study metabolic resistance mechanisms. Cytochrome P450 genes were implicated in conferring resistance. CYP6BB2, CYP6M11, CYP6N12, CYP9J9, CYP9J10 and CCE3 genes were upregulated in the resistant populations and were common to other populations at a regional scale. The implication of these genes in resistance phenomenon is therefore strongly suggested. Other genes from detoxification pathways were also differentially regulated. Screening for target site mutations on the voltage-gated sodium channel gene demonstrated the presence of I1016 and C1534. Conclusion /significance This study highlighted the presence of a common set of differentially up-regulated detoxifying genes, mainly cytochrome P450 genes in all three populations. GUA and GUY populations shared a higher number of those genes compared to CAL. Two kdr mutations well known to be associated to pyrethroid resistance were also detected in those two populations but not in CAL. Different selective pressures and genetic backgrounds can explain such differences. These results are also compared with those obtained from other parts of the world and are discussed in the context of integrative research on vector competence. Aedes aegypti is vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses, all causing emerging or re-emerging diseases worldwide. Fighting these diseases relies on the control of the vector. Therefore, insecticides have been extensively used worldwide, resulting in the development of insecticide resistance. In the French overseas territories, resistance to pyrethroids has been monitored for many years with high levels in the South American French territories. We then investigated the mechanisms underlying this resistance in populations from French Guiana, Guadeloupe and New Caledonia. Transcription levels of detoxification genes were measured and alongside screening for target site mutations. Upregulation of cytochrome P450 genes and carboxylesterases were observed in all three populations. Mutations related to pyrethroid resistance in position 1016 and 1534 of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene were also observed. French Guiana and Guadeloupe populations presented a closer profile of resistance mechanisms whereas the New Caledonia population had a more restricted profile. Such differences can be explained by different vector control practices, regional insecticide uses and genetic backgrounds. These results are also compared with others obtained from other parts of the world and are discussed with the perspective of integrative research on vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Pilar Zorrilla
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and Dept. of Biochemistry, School of Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amandine Guidez
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Jean Issaly
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Romain Girod
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Laurent Guillaumot
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle Calédonie, Unité de Recherche et d’Expertise en Entomologie Médicale, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and Dept. of Biochemistry, School of Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clare Strode
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Lv Y, Lei Z, Hong S, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhou D, Sun Y, Ma L, Shen B, Zhu C. Venom allergen 5 is Associated With Deltamethrin Resistance in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:672-82. [PMID: 26335474 PMCID: PMC4592351 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens (L.), is an important vector of encephalitis and filariasis in northern China. The control of these mosquitoes occurs primarily via the use of pyrethroid insecticides, such as deltamethrin. The widespread and improper application of pyrethroid has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance amongst many mosquito populations, including Cx. pipiens pallens. Previous studies using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing have identified that the venom allergen 5 gene is differentially expressed between deltamethrin-susceptible and deltamethrin-resistant Cx. pipiens pallens. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that venom allergen 5 was significantly overexpressed in adult females of both deltamethrin-resistant laboratory populations and two field populations. The transcriptional level of venom allergen 5 in the laboratory populations was elevated as the levels of deltamethrin resistance increased. Full-length cDNAs of the venom allergen 5 gene were cloned from Cx. pipiens pallens, and contained an open reading frame of 765 bp, encoding a protein with 254 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 100% identity with the ortholog in Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The overexpression of venom allergen 5 decreased the susceptibility of mosquito cells to deltamethrin, while knockdown of this gene by RNAi increased the susceptibility of mosquitoes to deltamethrin. This study provides the first evidence of the association between the venom allergen 5 gene and deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhentao Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shanchao Hong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, 140 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Ahmed MAI, Vogel CFA. Synergistic action of octopamine receptor agonists on the activity of selected novel insecticides for control of dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 120:51-56. [PMID: 25987220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studying insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has attracted the attention of many scientists to elucidate the pathways of resistance development and to design novel strategies in order to prevent or minimize the spread and evolution of resistance. Here, we tested the synergistic action of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and two octopamine receptor (OR) agonists, amitraz (AMZ) and chlordimeform (CDM) on selected novel insecticides to increase their lethal action on the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. However, chlorfenapyr was the most toxic insecticide (LC50 = 193, 102, and 48 ng/ml, after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure, respectively) tested. Further, PBO synergized all insecticides and the most toxic combinatorial insecticide was nitenpyram even after 48 and 72 h exposure. In addition, OR agonists significantly synergized most of the selected insecticides especially after 48 and 72 h exposure. The results imply that the synergistic effects of amitraz are a promising approach in increasing the potency of certain insecticides in controlling the dengue vector Ae. aegypti mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christoph Franz Adam Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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