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Schoenfeld K, Harwardt J, Kolmar H. Better safe than sorry: dual targeting antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Biol Chem 2024; 405:443-459. [PMID: 38297991 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapies are revolutionizing cancer treatment and experience a steady increase from preclinical and clinical pipelines to market share. While the clinical success of monoclonal antibodies is frequently limited by low response rates, treatment resistance and various other factors, multispecific antibodies open up new prospects by addressing tumor complexity as well as immune response actuation potently improving safety and efficacy. Novel antibody approaches involve simultaneous binding of two antigens on one cell implying increased specificity and reduced tumor escape for dual tumor-associated antigen targeting and enhanced and durable cytotoxic effects for dual immune cell-related antigen targeting. This article reviews antibody and cell-based therapeutics for oncology with intrinsic dual targeting of either tumor cells or immune cells. As revealed in various preclinical studies and clinical trials, dual targeting molecules are promising candidates constituting the next generation of antibody drugs for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schoenfeld
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julia Harwardt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Liu HN, Zhu Y, Chi Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Wen W, Shan LS, Wang YT, Dai B. Synthetic routes and clinical application of Small-Molecule HER2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107653. [PMID: 39024803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review undertakes a meticulous scrutiny of the synthesis and clinical applications pertaining to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed towards the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a pivotal protagonist in the pathogenesis of cancer. Focused on compounds like lapatinib, neratinib, and tucatinib, the review delves into the intricate synthesis strategies, emphasizing the challenges associated with their structural complexity. The clinical utilization of HER2 TKIs underscores noteworthy strides in the therapeutic landscape for HER2-positive breast and gastric malignancies. Lapatinib, a dual HER2/ epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in combination therapies, addressing the need for overcoming resistance mechanisms. Neratinib, an irreversible HER2 inhibitor, presents a promising avenue for patients with refractory tumors. Tucatinib, strategically engineered to traverse the blood-brain barrier, epitomizes a groundbreaking advancement in the management of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer manifesting cerebral involvement. Despite their success, challenges such as resistance mechanisms and off-target effects persist, urging continuous research for the development of next-generation HER2 TKIs. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, offering insights into the synthetic intricacies and clinical impact of small-molecule TKIs targeting HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Nan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Chi
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Shen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Carey-Smith SL, Kotecha RS, Cheung LC, Malinge S. Insights into the Clinical, Biological and Therapeutic Impact of Copy Number Alteration in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6815. [PMID: 38999925 PMCID: PMC11241182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Copy number alterations (CNAs), resulting from the gain or loss of genetic material from as little as 50 base pairs or as big as entire chromosome(s), have been associated with many congenital diseases, de novo syndromes and cancer. It is established that CNAs disturb the dosage of genomic regions including enhancers/promoters, long non-coding RNA and gene(s) among others, ultimately leading to an altered balance of key cellular functions. In cancer, CNAs have been associated with almost all steps of the disease: predisposition, initiation, development, maintenance, response to treatment, resistance, and relapse. Therefore, understanding how specific CNAs contribute to tumourigenesis may provide prognostic insight and ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we provide a snapshot of what is currently known about CNAs and cancer, incorporating topics regarding their detection, clinical impact, origin, and nature, and discuss the integration of innovative genetic engineering strategies, to highlight the potential for targeting CNAs using novel, dosage-sensitive and less toxic therapies for CNA-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Carey-Smith
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rishi S. Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Laurence C. Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Glotzbach A, Rohlf K, Gonscharow A, Lüke S, Demirci Ö, Begher-Tibbe B, Overbeck N, Reinders J, Cadenas C, Hengstler JG, Edlund K, Marchan R. EDI3 knockdown in ER-HER2+ breast cancer cells reduces tumor burden and improves survival in two mouse models of experimental metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:87. [PMID: 38816770 PMCID: PMC11138102 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite progress understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor spread, metastasis remains a clinical challenge. We identified the choline-producing glycerophosphodiesterase, EDI3 and reported its association with metastasis-free survival in endometrial cancer. We also observed that silencing EDI3 slowed cell migration and other cancer-relevant phenotypes in vitro. Recent work demonstrated high EDI3 expression in ER-HER2+ breast cancer compared to the other molecular subtypes. Silencing EDI3 in ER-HER2+ cells significantly reduced cell survival in vitro and decreased tumor growth in vivo. However, a role for EDI3 in tumor metastasis in this breast cancer subtype was not explored. Therefore, in the present work we investigate whether silencing EDI3 in ER-HER2+ breast cancer cell lines alters phenotypes linked to metastasis in vitro, and metastasis formation in vivo using mouse models of experimental metastasis. METHODS To inducibly silence EDI3, luciferase-expressing HCC1954 cells were transduced with lentiviral particles containing shRNA oligos targeting EDI3 under the control of doxycycline. The effect on cell migration, adhesion, colony formation and anoikis was determined in vitro, and significant findings were confirmed in a second ER-HER2+ cell line, SUM190PT. Doxycycline-induced HCC1954-luc shEDI3 cells were injected into the tail vein or peritoneum of immunodeficient mice to generate lung and peritoneal metastases, respectively and monitored using non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. Metabolite levels in cells and tumor tissue were analyzed using targeted mass spectrometry and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), respectively. RESULTS Inducibly silencing EDI3 reduced cell adhesion and colony formation, as well as increased susceptibility to anoikis in HCC1954-luc cells, which was confirmed in SUM190PT cells. No influence on cell migration was observed. Reduced luminescence was seen in lungs and peritoneum of mice injected with cells expressing less EDI3 after tail vein and intraperitoneal injection, respectively, indicative of reduced metastasis. Importantly, mice injected with EDI3-silenced cells survived longer. Closer analysis of the peritoneal organs revealed that silencing EDI3 had no effect on metastatic organotropism but instead reduced metastatic burden. Finally, metabolic analyses revealed significant changes in choline and glycerophospholipid metabolites in cells and in pancreatic metastases in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Reduced metastasis upon silencing supports EDI3's potential as a treatment target in metastasizing ER-HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Glotzbach
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Rohlf
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gonscharow
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Lüke
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirci
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Brigitte Begher-Tibbe
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Overbeck
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
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5
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Kwon LY, Cai Z, Al-Mahrouki A, Reilly RM. Bispecific radioimmunoconjugates exploit receptor heterogeneity for positron emission tomography of tumors expressing HER2 and/or EGFR. iScience 2024; 27:109750. [PMID: 38711454 PMCID: PMC11070661 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
HER2 heterogeneity is a challenge for molecular imaging or treating HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). EGFR is coexpressed in some tumors exhibiting HER2 heterogeneity. Bispecific radioimmunoconjugates (bsRICs) that bind HER2 and EGFR were constructed by linking trastuzumab Fab through polyethyleneglycol (PEG24) to EGF. We established s.c. tumors in NOD-SCID mice that homogeneously or heterogeneously expressed HER2 and/or EGFR by the inoculation of HER2-positive/EGFR-negative SK-OV-3 cells, EGFR-positive/HER2-negative MDA-MB-468 cells or mixtures of these cells. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab Fab-PEG24-EGF were compared to [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab Fab or [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-EGF for the PET imaging of HER2 and/or EGFR-positive tumors. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-trastuzumab Fab-PEG24-EGF bsRICs imaged tumors expressing HER2 or EGFR or heterogeneously expressing these receptors, while monospecific agents only imaged HER2-or EGFR-positive tumors. Our results indicate that bsRICs labeled with 64Cu are able to exploit receptor heterogeneity for tumor imaging. PET may select patients for radioimmunotherapy with bsRICs complexed to the β-particle emitter, 177Lu or Auger electron-emitter, 111In in a theranostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Yongkyu Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Azza Al-Mahrouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1W7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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Dilday T, Abt M, Ramos-Solís N, Dayal N, Larocque E, Oblak AL, Sintim HO, Yeh ES. Identification and characterization of a potent and selective HUNK inhibitor for treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:989-999.e7. [PMID: 38307028 PMCID: PMC11102337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted agents have proven to be effective, however, the development of resistance to these agents has become an obstacle in treating HER2+ breast cancer. Evidence implicates HUNK as an anti-cancer target for primary and resistant HER2+ breast cancers. In this study, a selective inhibitor of HUNK is characterized alongside a phosphorylation event in a downstream substrate of HUNK as a marker for HUNK activity in HER2+ breast cancer. Rubicon has been established as a substrate of HUNK that is phosphorylated at serine (S) 92. Findings indicate that HUNK-mediated phosphorylation of Rubicon at S92 promotes both autophagy and tumorigenesis in HER2/neu+ breast cancer. HUNK inhibition prevents Rubicon S92 phosphorylation in HER2/neu+ breast cancer models and inhibits tumorigenesis. This study characterizes a downstream phosphorylation event as a measure of HUNK activity and identifies a selective HUNK inhibitor that has meaningful efficacy toward HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinslee Dilday
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa Abt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicole Ramos-Solís
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth Larocque
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Chaudhary P, Yadav K, Lee HJ, Kang KW, Mo J, Kim JA. siRNA treatment targeting integrin α11 overexpressed via EZH2-driven axis inhibits drug-resistant breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:72. [PMID: 38664825 PMCID: PMC11046805 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, faces treatment challenges due to drug resistance, posing a serious threat to patient survival. The present study aimed to identify the key molecules that drive drug resistance and aggressiveness in breast cancer cells and validate them as therapeutic targets. METHODS Transcriptome microarray and analysis using PANTHER pathway and StemChecker were performed to identify the most significantly expressed genes in tamoxifen-resistant and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Clinical relevance of the key genes was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset of breast cancer patients. Gene overexpression/knockdown, spheroid formation, flow cytometric analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, wound healing/transwell migration assays, and cancer stem cell transcription factor activation profiling array were used to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of integrin α11 expression. Tumour-bearing xenograft models were used to demonstrate integrin α11 is a potential therapeutic target. RESULTS Integrin α11 was consistently upregulated in drug-resistant breast cancer cells, and its silencing inhibited cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while restoring sensitivity to anticancer drugs. HIF1α, GLI-1, and EZH2 contributed the most to the regulation of integrin α11 and EZH2 expression, with EZH2 being more necessary for EZH2 autoinduction than HIF1α and GLI-1. Additionally, unlike HIF1α or EZH2, GLI-1 was the sole transcription factor activated by integrin-linked focal adhesion kinase, indicating GLI-1 as a key driver of the EZH2-integrin α11 axis operating for cancer stem cell survival and EMT. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset also revealed both EZH2 and integrin α11 could be strong prognostic factors of relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients. However, the superior efficacy of integrin α11 siRNA therapy over EZH2 siRNA treatment was demonstrated by enhanced inhibition of tumour growth and prolonged survival in murine models bearing tumours. CONCLUSION Our findings elucidate that integrin α11 is upregulated by EZH2, forming a positive feedback circuit involving FAK-GLI-1 and contributing to drug resistance, cancer stem cell survival and EMT. Taken together, the results suggest integrin α11 as a promising prognostic marker and a powerful therapeutic target for drug-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseo Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Park M, Jung E, Park JM, Park S, Ko D, Seo J, Kim S, Nam KD, Kang YK, Farrand L, Hoang VH, Nguyen CT, La MT, Nam G, Park HJ, Ann J, Lee J, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Seo JH. The HSP90 inhibitor HVH-2930 exhibits potent efficacy against trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer. Theranostics 2024; 14:2442-2463. [PMID: 38646654 PMCID: PMC11024854 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Resistance to targeted therapies like trastuzumab remains a critical challenge for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite the progress of several N-terminal HSP90 inhibitors in clinical trials, none have achieved approval for clinical use, primarily due to issues such as induction of the heat shock response (HSR), off-target effects, and unfavorable toxicity profiles. We sought to examine the effects of HVH-2930, a novel C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor, in overcoming trastuzumab resistance. Methods: The effect of HVH-2930 on trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant cell lines in vitro was evaluated in terms of cell viability, expression of HSP90 client proteins, and impact on cancer stem cells. An in vivo model with trastuzumab-resistant JIMT-1 cells was used to examine the efficacy and toxicity of HVH-2930. Results: HVH-2930 was rationally designed to fit into the ATP-binding pocket interface cavity of the hHSP90 homodimer in the C-terminal domain of HSP90, stabilizing its open conformation and hindering ATP binding. HVH-2930 induces apoptosis without inducing the HSR but by specifically suppressing the HER2 signaling pathway. This occurs with the downregulation of HER2/p95HER2 and disruption of HER2 family member heterodimerization. Attenuation of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties was associated with the downregulation of stemness factors such as ALDH1, CD44, Nanog and Oct4. Furthermore, HVH-2930 administration inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in trastuzumab-resistant xenograft mice. A synergistic effect was observed when combining HVH-2930 and paclitaxel in JIMT-1 xenografts. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potent efficacy of HVH-2930 in overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. Further investigation is warranted to fully establish its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soeun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Ko
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dal Nam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Koo Kang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Farrand
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Van-Hai Hoang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Cong-Truong Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thanh La
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
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9
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Vo TH, EL-Sherbieny Abdelaal E, Jordan E, O'Donovan O, McNeela EA, Mehta JP, Rani S. miRNAs as biomarkers of therapeutic response to HER2-targeted treatment in breast cancer: A systematic review. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101588. [PMID: 38088952 PMCID: PMC10711031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of lethal cancer in women globally. Women have a 1 in 8 chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. Among the four primary molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, and triple-negative), HER2+ accounts for 20-25 % of all breast cancer and is rather aggressive. Although the treatment outcome of HER2+ breast cancer patients has been significantly improved with anti-HER2 agents, primary and acquired drug resistance present substantial clinical issues, limiting the benefits of HER2-targeted treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a central role in regulating acquired drug resistance. miRNA are single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of around 20-25 nucleotides, known for essential roles in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miRNA-mediated alteration of gene expression is associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatment. Comprehensive knowledge of miRNAs as potential markers of drug response can help provide valuable guidance for treatment prognosis and personalized medicine for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hoa Vo
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Emmet Jordan
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, X91 ER8E, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Donovan
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Edel A. McNeela
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jai Prakash Mehta
- Department of Applied Science, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road, R93 V960, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Sweta Rani
- Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford, X91 K0EK, Ireland
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Center, South East Technological University, Cork Road, X91 K0EK, Waterford, Ireland
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10
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Guz W, Podgórski R, Bober Z, Aebisher D, Truszkiewicz A, Olek M, Machorowska Pieniążek A, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. In Vitro MRS of Cells Treated with Trastuzumab at 1.5 Tesla. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1719. [PMID: 38338997 PMCID: PMC10855746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Trastuzumab on the MCF-7 and CRL-2314 breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, an attempt was made to optimize magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for cell culture studies, with particular emphasis on the impact of treatment with Trastuzumab. The research materials included MCF-7 and CRL-2314 breast cancer cell lines. The study examined the response of these cell lines to treatment with Trastuzumab. The clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, OPTIMA MR360 manufactured by GEMS, with a magnetic field induction of 1.5 T, was used. Due to the nature of the tested objects, their size and shape, it was necessary to design and manufacture additional receiving coils. They were used to image the tested cell cultures and record the spectroscopic signal. The spectra obtained by MRS were confirmed by NMR using a 300 MHz NMR Fourier 300 with the TopSpin 3.1 system from Bruker. The designed receiving coils allowed for conducting experiments with the cell lines in a satisfactory manner. These tests would not be possible using factory-delivered coils due to their parameters and the size of the test objects, whose volume did not exceed 1 mL. MRS studies revealed an increase in the metabolite at 1.9 ppm, which indicates the induction of histone acetylation. Changes in histone acetylation play a very important role in both cell development and differentiation processes. The use of Trastuzumab therapy in breast cancer cells increases the levels of acetylated histones. MRS studies and spectra obtained from the 300 MHz NMR system are consistent with the specificity inherent in both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Guz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Rafal Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.P.); (D.B.-A.)
| | - Zuzanna Bober
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Z.B.); (A.T.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Z.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Adrian Truszkiewicz
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (Z.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Marcin Olek
- Department of Densitry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland (A.M.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Machorowska Pieniążek
- Department of Densitry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland (A.M.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.P.); (D.B.-A.)
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11
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Rubin E, Shan KS, Dalal S, Vu DUD, Milillo-Naraine AM, Guaqueta D, Ergle A. Molecular Targeting of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) Genes across Various Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1064. [PMID: 38256137 PMCID: PMC10816365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) belongs to the ErbB family, a group of four transmembrane glycoproteins with tyrosine kinase activity, all structurally related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These tyrosine kinases are involved in the transmission of cellular signals controlling normal cell growth and differentiation. If this transmission goes awry, it can lead to dysregulated growth of the cell. HER2 specifically can be implicated in the pathogenesis of at least eight malignancies. HER2 positivity quickly became a well-characterized indicator of aggressiveness and poor prognosis, with high rates of disease progression and mortality. After realizing the implication of HER2, it first became investigated as a target for treatment in breast cancer, and later expanded to areas of research in other cancer types. To this day, the most therapeutic advancements of anti-HER2 therapy have been in breast cancer; however, there have been strong advancements made in the incorporation of anti-HER2 therapy in other cancer types as well. This comprehensive review dissects HER2 to its core, incorporating the most up to date information. The topics touched upon are discussed in detail and up to 200 published sources from the most highly recognized journals have been integrated. The importance of knowing about HER2 is exemplified by the groundbreaking advancements that have been made, and the change in treatment plans it has brought to the oncological world in the last twenty years. Since its groundbreaking discovery there have been significant breakthroughs in knowledge regarding the actual receptor, the receptors biology, its mechanism of action, and advancements in tests to detect HER2 and significant strides on how to best incorporate targeted treatment. Due to the success of this field thus far, the review concludes by discussing the future of novel anti-HER2 therapy currently in development that everyone should be aware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rubin
- Memorial Cancer Institute, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (K.S.S.); (S.D.); (D.U.D.V.); (A.M.M.-N.); (D.G.); (A.E.)
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12
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Fernandes CL, Silva DJ, Mesquita A. Novel HER-2 Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 38201515 PMCID: PMC10778064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer represents 15-20% of all breast cancer subtypes and has an aggressive biological behavior with worse prognosis. The development of HER-2-targeted therapies has changed the disease's course, having a direct impact on survival rates and quality of life. Drug development of HER-2-targeting therapies is a prolific field, with numerous new therapeutic strategies showing survival benefits and gaining regulatory approval in recent years. Furthermore, the acknowledgement of the survival impact of HER-2-directed therapies on HER-2-low breast cancer has contributed even more to advances in the field. The present review aims to summarize the newly approved therapeutic strategies for HER-2-positive breast cancer and review the new and exploratory HER-2-targeted therapies currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes Fernandes
- Medical Oncology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Diogo J. Silva
- Medical Oncology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mesquita
- Medical Oncology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.J.S.); (A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Seo J, Koh J, Lee DW, Kim J, Ryu HS, Lee KH, Kim TY, Im SA. HER2 amplification level by in situ hybridization predicts survival outcome in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel regardless of HER2 IHC results. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:154. [PMID: 38098054 PMCID: PMC10722732 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of HER2 amplification level in predicting the effectiveness of HER2-directed therapies has been established. However, its association with survival outcomes in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with dual HER2-blockade remains unexplored. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective study of patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with first-line pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel. The primary objective was to ascertain the relationship between treatment outcomes and the level of HER2 amplification by in situ hybridization (ISH). RESULTS A total of 152 patients were included with a median follow-up duration of 50.0 months. Among the 78 patients who received ISH, a higher HER2/CEP17 ratio correlated significantly with longer PFS (HR 0.50, p = 0.022) and OS (HR 0.28, p = 0.014) when dichotomized by the median. A higher HER2 copy number also correlated significantly with better PFS (HR 0.35, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 0.27, p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, the HER2/CEP17 ratio was an independent predictive factor for PFS (HR 0.66, p = 0.004) and potentially for OS (HR 0.64, p = 0.054), along with HER2 copy number (PFS HR 0.85, p = 0.004; OS HR 0.84, p = 0.049). Furthermore, the correlation between HER2 amplification level by ISH with PFS and OS was consistent across the HER2 IHC 1+/2+ and 3+ categories. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that a higher level of HER2 amplification by ISH is associated with improved PFS and OS in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with dual HER2-blockade. Notably, HER2 amplification level had a predictive role regardless of IHC results. Even in patients with HER2 protein expression of 3+, treatment outcome to HER2-directed therapy was dependent on the level of HER2 gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinyong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Delgado M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies against Cancer: Present and Future. Cells 2023; 12:2837. [PMID: 38132155 PMCID: PMC10741644 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against cancer have been generated and developed. Ninety-one are currently used in the clinics, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other antibodies, including immune checkpoint antibodies. These advances helped to coin the term personalized medicine or precision medicine. However, it seems evident that in addition to the current work on the analysis of mechanisms to overcome drug resistance, the use of different classes of antibodies (IgA, IgE, or IgM) instead of IgG, the engineering of the Ig molecules to increase their half-life, the acquisition of additional effector functions, or the advantages associated with the use of agonistic antibodies, to allow a broad prospective usage of precision medicine successfully, a strategy change is required. Here, we discuss our view on how these strategic changes should be implemented and consider their pros and cons using therapeutic antibodies against cancer as a model. The same strategy can be applied to therapeutic antibodies against other diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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15
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Milković L, Mlinarić M, Lučić I, Čipak Gašparović A. The Involvement of Peroxiporins and Antioxidant Transcription Factors in Breast Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5747. [PMID: 38136293 PMCID: PMC10741870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the leading cause of death in women of all ages. The reason for this is therapy resistance, which leads to the progression of the disease and the formation of metastases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial process that leads to therapy failure. MDR involves multiple processes and many signaling pathways that support each other, making it difficult to overcome once established. Here, we discuss cellular-oxidative-stress-modulating factors focusing on transcription factors NRF2, FOXO family, and peroxiporins, as well as their possible contribution to MDR. This is significant because oxidative stress is a consequence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, and the activation of detoxification pathways could modulate the cellular response to therapy and could support MDR. These proteins are not directly responsible for MDR, but they support the survival of cancer cells under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (M.M.); (I.L.)
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16
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Wan Y, Mu Q, Krzysztoń R, Cohen J, Coraci D, Helenek C, Tompkins C, Lin A, Farquhar K, Cross E, Wang J, Balázsi G. Adaptive DNA amplification of synthetic gene circuit opens a way to overcome cancer chemoresistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303114120. [PMID: 38019857 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance continues to impede the success of cancer treatments, creating a need for experimental model systems that are broad, yet simple, to allow the identification of mechanisms and novel countermeasures applicable to many cancer types. To address these needs, we investigated a set of engineered mammalian cell lines with synthetic gene circuits integrated into their genome that evolved resistance to Puromycin. We identified DNA amplification as the mechanism underlying drug resistance in 4 out of 6 replicate populations. Triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) treatment combined with Puromycin could efficiently suppress the growth of cell populations with DNA amplification. Similar observations in human cancer cell lines suggest that TFOs could be broadly applicable to mitigate drug resistance, one of the major difficulties in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Quanhua Mu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Rafał Krzysztoń
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Joseph Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Damiano Coraci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Christopher Helenek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Annie Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Kevin Farquhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Gábor Balázsi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- The Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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17
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Tosca EM, Borella E, Piana C, Bouchene S, Merlino G, Fiascarelli A, Mazzei P, Magni P. Model-based prediction of effective target exposure for MEN1611 in combination with trastuzumab in HER2-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1626-1639. [PMID: 36793223 PMCID: PMC10681519 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MEN1611 is a novel orally bioavailable PI3K inhibitor currently in clinical development for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) PI3KCA mutated advanced/metastatic breast cancer (BC) in combination with trastuzumab (TZB). In this work, a translational model-based approach to determine the minimum target exposure of MEN1611 in combination with TZB was applied. First, pharmacokinetic (PK) models for MEN1611 and TZB in mice were developed. Then, in vivo tumor growth inhibition (TGI) data from seven combination studies in mice xenograft models representative of the human HER2+ BC non-responsive to TZB (alterations of the PI3K/AkT/mTOR pathway) were analyzed using a PK-pharmacodynamic (PD) TGI model for co-administration of MEN1611 and TZB. The established PK-PD relationship was used to quantify the minimum effective MEN1611 concentration, as a function of TZB concentration, needed for tumor eradication in xenograft mice. Finally, a range of minimum effective exposures for MEN1611 were extrapolated to patients with BC, considering the typical steady-state TZB plasma levels in patients with BC following three alternative regimens (i.v. 4 mg/kg loading dose +2 mg/kg q1w, i.v. 8 mg/kg loading dose +6 mg/kg q3w or s.c. 600 mg q3w). A threshold of about 2000 ng·h/ml for MEN1611 exposure associated with a high likelihood of effective antitumor activity in a large majority of patients was identified for the 3-weekly and the weekly i.v. schedule for TZB. A slightly lower exposure (i.e., 25% lower) was found for the 3-weekly s.c. schedule. This important outcome confirmed the adequacy of the therapeutic dose administered in the ongoing phase 1b B-PRECISE-01 study in patients with HER2+ PI3KCA mutated advanced/metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Tosca
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversità degli Studi di PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Elisa Borella
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentMenarini StemlineFlorenceItaly
| | - Chiara Piana
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentMenarini StemlineFlorenceItaly
| | - Salim Bouchene
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentMenarini StemlineFlorenceItaly
- Present address:
Pumas‐AI, Inc.ParisFrance
| | - Giuseppe Merlino
- Experimental and Translational Oncology DepartmentMenarini StemlinePomeziaItaly
| | - Alessio Fiascarelli
- Experimental and Translational Oncology DepartmentMenarini StemlinePomeziaItaly
| | - Paolo Mazzei
- Clinical Pharmacology DepartmentMenarini StemlineFlorenceItaly
| | - Paolo Magni
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Mathematical Modelling and Synthetic Biology, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversità degli Studi di PaviaPaviaItaly
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18
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Navarro Sanchez JM, Finkelman BS, Turner BM, Katerji H, Wang X, Varghese S, Wang T, Peng Y, Hicks DG, Zhang H. HER2 in uterine serous carcinoma: Current state and clinical perspectives. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 160:341-351. [PMID: 37267036 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uterine cancer has the highest incidence and the second-highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies in the United States. Although uterine serous carcinoma (USC) represents less than 10% of endometrial carcinomas, it accounts for a disproportionate 50% of tumor relapses and 40% of endometrial cancer deaths. Over the past decade, clinical trials have focused on finding better treatments for this aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer, especially HER2-targeted therapy. METHODS We conducted a literature search in PubMed to expand the understanding of HER2 in USC. RESULTS HER2 has been established as an important biomarker with prognostic and therapeutic implications in USC. Intratumoral heterogeneity and lateral/basolateral membranous staining of HER2 as well as high discordance between HER2 immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization are more common in USC than in breast carcinoma. Therefore, a universal HER2 testing and scoring system more suitable to endometrial cancer is needed and currently under investigation. CONCLUSIONS This review discusses the clinical perspective of HER2 overexpression/gene amplification in USC, the distinct HER2 staining pattern and the evaluation of HER2 in USC, the resistance mechanisms of HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-positive cancers, and likely areas of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian S Finkelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Bradley M Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Hani Katerji
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Sharlin Varghese
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - David G Hicks
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Huina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US
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19
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Cavallaro PA, De Santo M, Belsito EL, Longobucco C, Curcio M, Morelli C, Pasqua L, Leggio A. Peptides Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Applications in Tumor Imaging and Delivery of Chemotherapeutics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2476. [PMID: 37686984 PMCID: PMC10490457 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common cancer type and one of the major leading causes of death in the female worldwide population. Overexpression of HER2, a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype. It is also the primary driver for tumor detection and progression and, in addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with breast cancer, HER2 is a widely known therapeutic target for drug development. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the main approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer proposed in the literature over the past decade. We focused on the different targeting strategies involving antibodies and peptides that have been explored with their relative outcomes and current limitations that need to be improved. The review also encompasses a discussion on targeted peptides acting as probes for molecular imaging. By using different types of HER2-targeting strategies, nanotechnology promises to overcome some of the current clinical challenges by developing novel HER2-guided nanosystems suitable as powerful tools in breast cancer imaging, targeting, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Alessia Cavallaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Marzia De Santo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Emilia Lucia Belsito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Camilla Longobucco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Luigi Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Leggio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (P.A.C.); (M.D.S.); (E.L.B.); (C.L.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
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20
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Bansal I, Pandey AK, Ruwali M. Small-molecule inhibitors of kinases in breast cancer therapy: recent advances, opportunities, and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244597. [PMID: 37711177 PMCID: PMC10498465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and despite significant advancements in detection, treatment, and management of cancer, it is still the leading cause of malignancy related deaths in women. Understanding the fundamental biology of breast cancer and creating fresh diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have gained renewed focus in recent studies. In the onset and spread of breast cancer, a group of enzymes known as kinases are extremely important. Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have become a promising class of medications for the treatment of breast cancer owing to their capacity to specifically target kinases involved in the growth and progression of cancer. The creation of targeted treatments that block these kinases and the signalling pathways that they activate has completely changed how breast cancer is treated. Many of these targeted treatments have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer as clinical trials have demonstrated their great efficacy. CDK4/6 inhibitors, like palbociclib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib, EGFR inhibitors such as gefitinib and erlotinib and HER2-targeting small-molecule kinases like neratinib and tucatinib are some examples that have shown potential in treating breast cancer. Yet, there are still difficulties in the development of targeted medicines for breast cancer, such as figuring out which patient subgroups may benefit from these therapies and dealing with drug resistance problems. Notwithstanding these difficulties, kinase-targeted treatments for breast cancer still have a lot of potential. The development of tailored medicines will continue to be fuelled by the identification of novel targets and biomarkers for breast cancer as a result of advancements in genomic and proteomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Bansal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Ahmedabad), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Munindra Ruwali
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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21
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Yang M, Li Y, Kong L, Huang S, He L, Liu P, Mo S, Lu X, Lin X, Xiao Y, Shi D, Huang X, Chen B, Chen X, Ouyang Y, Li J, Lin C, Song L. Inhibition of DPAGT1 suppresses HER2 shedding and trastuzumab resistance in human breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164428. [PMID: 37463446 DOI: 10.1172/jci164428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted (HER2-targeted) therapy is the mainstay of treatment for HER2+ breast cancer. However, the proteolytic cleavage of HER2, or HER2 shedding, induces the release of the target epitope at the ectodomain (ECD) and the generation of a constitutively active intracellular fragment (p95HER2), impeding the effectiveness of anti-HER2 therapy. Therefore, identifying key regulators in HER2 shedding might provide promising targetable vulnerabilities against resistance. In the current study, we found that upregulation of dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (DPAGT1) sustained high-level HER2 shedding to confer trastuzumab resistance, which was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Upon trastuzumab treatment, the membrane-bound DPAGT1 protein was endocytosed via the caveolae pathway and retrogradely transported to the ER, where DPAGT1 induced N-glycosylation of the sheddase - ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10) - to ensure its expression, maturation, and activation. N-glycosylation of ADAM10 at N267 protected itself from ER-associated protein degradation and was essential for DPAGT1-mediated HER2 shedding and trastuzumab resistance. Importantly, inhibition of DPAGT1 with tunicamycin acted synergistically with trastuzumab treatment to block HER2 signaling and reverse resistance. These findings reveal a prominent mechanism for HER2 shedding and suggest that targeting DPAGT1 might be a promising strategy against trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwen Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Lingzhi Kong
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Shumei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lixin He
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Pian Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Mo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiuqing Lu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Dongni Shi
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Xinjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Boyu Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Xiangfu Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Chuyong Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
| | - Libing Song
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Oncology, Tumor Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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An anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody that induces unique HER2 clustering and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1394. [PMID: 36914633 PMCID: PMC10011572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an oncogenic role in breast, gastric and other solid tumors. However, anti-HER2 therapies are only currently approved for the treatment of breast and gastric/gastric esophageal junction cancers and treatment resistance remains a problem. Here, we engineer an anti-HER2 IgG1 bispecific, biparatopic antibody (Ab), zanidatamab, with unique and enhanced functionalities compared to both trastuzumab and the combination of trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (tras + pert). Zanidatamab binds adjacent HER2 molecules in trans and initiates distinct HER2 reorganization, as shown by polarized cell surface HER2 caps and large HER2 clusters, not observed with trastuzumab or tras + pert. Moreover, zanidatamab, but not trastuzumab nor tras + pert, elicit potent complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against high HER2-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Zanidatamab also mediates HER2 internalization and downregulation, inhibition of both cell signaling and tumor growth, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP), and also shows superior in vivo antitumor activity compared to tras + pert in a HER2-expressing xenograft model. Collectively, we show that zanidatamab has multiple and distinct mechanisms of action derived from the structural effects of biparatopic HER2 engagement.
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23
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Evans RJ, Perkins DW, Selfe J, Kelsey A, Birch GP, Shipley JM, Schipper K, Isacke CM. Endo180 (MRC2) Antibody-Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:240-253. [PMID: 36399638 PMCID: PMC9890142 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the 5-year survival rates for sarcoma patients have improved, the proportion of patients relapsing after first-line treatment remains high, and the survival of patients with metastatic disease is dismal. Moreover, the extensive molecular heterogeneity of the multiple different sarcoma subtypes poses a substantial challenge to developing more personalized treatment strategies. From the IHC staining of a large set of 625 human soft-tissue sarcomas, we demonstrate strong tumor cell staining of the Endo180 (MRC2) receptor in a high proportion of samples, findings echoed in gene-expression data sets showing a significantly increased expression in both soft-tissue and bone sarcomas compared with normal tissue. Endo180 is a constitutively recycling transmembrane receptor and therefore an ideal target for an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). An anti-Endo180 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the antimitotic agent, MMAE via a cleavable linker, is rapidly internalized into target cells and trafficked to the lysosome for degradation, causing cell death specifically in Endo180-expressing sarcoma cell lines. In a sarcoma tumor xenograft model, the Endo180-vc-MMAE ADC, but not an isotype-vc-MMAE control or the unconjugated Endo180 antibody, drives on-target cytotoxicity resulting in tumor regression and a significant impairment of metastatic colonization of the lungs, liver and lymph nodes. These data, together with the lack of a phenotype in mice with an Mrc2 genetic deletion, provide preclinical proof-of-principle evidence for the future development of an Endo180-ADC as a therapeutic strategy in a broad range of sarcoma subtypes and, importantly, with potential impact both on the primary tumor and in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Evans
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Douglas W. Perkins
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Joanna Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna Kelsey
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, University of Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gavin P. Birch
- Abzena (Cambridge) Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet M. Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Koen Schipper
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Clare M. Isacke
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Corresponding Author: Clare M. Isacke, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK. Phone: 4420-7153-5510; E-mail
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24
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Keller M, Rohlf K, Glotzbach A, Leonhardt G, Lüke S, Derksen K, Demirci Ö, Göçener D, AlWahsh M, Lambert J, Lindskog C, Schmidt M, Brenner W, Baumann M, Zent E, Zischinsky ML, Hellwig B, Madjar K, Rahnenführer J, Overbeck N, Reinders J, Cadenas C, Hengstler JG, Edlund K, Marchan R. Inhibiting the glycerophosphodiesterase EDI3 in ER-HER2+ breast cancer cells resistant to HER2-targeted therapy reduces viability and tumour growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:25. [PMID: 36670508 PMCID: PMC9854078 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrinsic or acquired resistance to HER2-targeted therapy is often a problem when small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors or antibodies are used to treat patients with HER2 positive breast cancer. Therefore, the identification of new targets and therapies for this patient group is warranted. Activated choline metabolism, characterized by elevated levels of choline-containing compounds, has been previously reported in breast cancer. The glycerophosphodiesterase EDI3 (GPCPD1), which hydrolyses glycerophosphocholine to choline and glycerol-3-phosphate, directly influences choline and phospholipid metabolism, and has been linked to cancer-relevant phenotypes in vitro. While the importance of choline metabolism has been addressed in breast cancer, the role of EDI3 in this cancer type has not been explored. METHODS EDI3 mRNA and protein expression in human breast cancer tissue were investigated using publicly-available Affymetrix gene expression microarray datasets (n = 540) and with immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray (n = 265), respectively. A panel of breast cancer cell lines of different molecular subtypes were used to investigate expression and activity of EDI3 in vitro. To determine whether EDI3 expression is regulated by HER2 signalling, the effect of pharmacological inhibition and siRNA silencing of HER2, as well as the influence of inhibiting key components of signalling cascades downstream of HER2 were studied. Finally, the influence of silencing and pharmacologically inhibiting EDI3 on viability was investigated in vitro and on tumour growth in vivo. RESULTS In the present study, we show that EDI3 expression is highest in ER-HER2 + human breast tumours, and both expression and activity were also highest in ER-HER2 + breast cancer cell lines. Silencing HER2 using siRNA, as well as inhibiting HER2 signalling with lapatinib decreased EDI3 expression. Pathways downstream of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and GSK3β, and transcription factors, including HIF1α, CREB and STAT3 were identified as relevant in regulating EDI3 expression. Silencing EDI3 preferentially decreased cell viability in the ER-HER2 + cells. Furthermore, silencing or pharmacologically inhibiting EDI3 using dipyridamole in ER-HER2 + cells resistant to HER2-targeted therapy decreased cell viability in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that EDI3 may be a potential novel therapeutic target in patients with HER2-targeted therapy-resistant ER-HER2 + breast cancer that should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Keller
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Rohlf
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Glotzbach
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gregor Leonhardt
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Lüke
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Derksen
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Özlem Demirci
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Defne Göçener
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad AlWahsh
- grid.419243.90000 0004 0492 9407Leibniz Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS E.V, Dortmund, Germany ,grid.411778.c0000 0001 2162 1728Institute of Pathology and Medical Research Center (ZMF), University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany ,grid.443348.c0000 0001 0244 5415Department of Pharmacy, AlZaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jörg Lambert
- grid.419243.90000 0004 0492 9407Leibniz Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS E.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- grid.410607.4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- grid.410607.4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Baumann
- grid.505582.fPharmacology Department, Lead Discovery Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eldar Zent
- grid.505582.fPharmacology Department, Lead Discovery Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mia-Lisa Zischinsky
- grid.505582.fPharmacology Department, Lead Discovery Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Birte Hellwig
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Madjar
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Rahnenführer
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Overbeck
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XLeibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Singh DD, Lee HJ, Yadav DK. Clinical updates on tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HER2-positive breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1089066. [PMID: 36578543 PMCID: PMC9792097 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1089066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is caused by epigenetic modifications and genetic heterogeneity and exhibits various histological feature. HER2+ (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is a more aggressive type of breast cancer, diagnosis and prognosis are difficult for HER2+ BC. Anti-HER2+ inhibitors have been effectively used for patient treatment. High mortality rate is reported in HER2+ BC, due to availability of limited therapeutic options. Despite advances in systemic medications to treat metastatic breast cancer (MBC), HER2-positive MBC is still challenging for patients and treating clinicians. The clinical characteristics of the disease have changed after treatment with HER2-targeted therapy. Various types of Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to treat patients with HER2+ BC including afatinib, lapatinib, neratinib, tucatinib, and pyrotinib, have been developed as HER2-targeted therapies. The antibody-drug conjugates adotrastuzumab, emtansine, famtrastuzumab, and deruxtecan, as well as the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody pertuzumab are used in both early-stage and metastatic situations, either alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy and other HER2-targeting therapies. The emergence of drug resistance in anti-HER2 therapies has been observed. To overcome drug resistance and limited efficacy in current treatment options, nano formulations can be used in patients with HER2+ BC treatment. Anti-HER2 ligands can be used in various nano formulations to target HER2 receptors. Here we will discuss, targeted TKIs in patients with HER2+ BC, clinical studies of HER2+ targeted TKIs, mechanisms of resistance to HER2-directed therapies with new implications of TKIs in HER2+ MBC (metastatic breast cancer) and anti-HER2 ligand in various nano formulations to target HER2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hae-Jeung Lee, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav,
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hae-Jeung Lee, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav,
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26
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Crocamo S, Binato R, dos Santos EC, de Paula B, Abdelhay E. Translational Results of Zo-NAnTax: A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Zoledronic Acid in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415515. [PMID: 36555156 PMCID: PMC9779412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. Scientific advances in molecular subtype differentiation support the understanding of cellular signaling, crosstalk, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion mechanisms, allowing the development of new molecular drug targets. The breast cancer subtype with super expression and/or amplification of human growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is clinically aggressive, but prognosis significantly shifted with the advent of anti-HER2 targeted therapy. Zoledronic-acid (ZOL) combined with a neoadjuvant Trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen (Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide followed by Docetaxel, Trastuzumab) increased the pCR rate in a RH-positive/ HER2-positive subgroup, according to the phase II Zo-NAnTax trial. To verify genes that could be related to this response, a microarray assay was performed finding 164 differentially expressed genes. Silico analysis of these genes showed signaling pathways related to growth factors, apoptosis, invasion, and metabolism, as well as differentially expressed genes related to estrogen response. In addition, the RAC3 gene was found to interact with the MVD gene, a member of the mevalonate pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that RH-positive/ HER2-positive patients present gene alterations before treatment, and these could be related to the improvement of pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Crocamo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Câncer III, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro 20560-121, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Renata Binato
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Everton Cruz dos Santos
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Paula
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Câncer III, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro 20560-121, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
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Singh N, Romick-Rosendale L, Watanabe-Chailland M, Privette Vinnedge LM, Komurov K. Drug resistance mechanisms create targetable proteostatic vulnerabilities in Her2+ breast cancers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0256788. [PMID: 36480552 PMCID: PMC9731458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic kinase inhibitors show short-lived responses in the clinic due to high rate of acquired resistance. We previously showed that pharmacologically exploiting oncogene-induced proteotoxic stress can be a viable alternative to oncogene-targeted therapy. Here, we performed extensive analyses of the transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteostatic perturbations during the course of treatment of Her2+ breast cancer cells with a Her2 inhibitor covering the drug response, resistance, relapse and drug withdrawal phases. We found that acute Her2 inhibition, in addition to blocking mitogenic signaling, leads to significant decline in the glucose uptake, and shutdown of glycolysis and of global protein synthesis. During prolonged therapy, compensatory overexpression of Her3 allows for the reactivation of mitogenic signaling pathways, but fails to re-engage the glucose uptake and glycolysis, resulting in proteotoxic ER stress, which maintains the protein synthesis block and growth inhibition. Her3-mediated cell proliferation under ER stress during prolonged Her2 inhibition is enabled due to the overexpression of the eIF2 phosphatase GADD34, which uncouples protein synthesis block from the ER stress response to allow for active cell growth. We show that this imbalance in the mitogenic and proteostatic signaling created during the acquired resistance to anti-Her2 therapy imposes a specific vulnerability to the inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control machinery. The latter is more pronounced in the drug withdrawal phase, where the de-inhibition of Her2 creates an acute surge in the downstream signaling pathways and exacerbates the proteostatic imbalance. Therefore, the acquired resistance mechanisms to oncogenic kinase inhibitors may create secondary vulnerabilities that could be exploited in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Romick-Rosendale
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Resistance to Trastuzumab. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205115. [PMID: 36291900 PMCID: PMC9600208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Trastuzumab is a humanized antibody that has significantly improved the management and treatment outcomes of patients with cancers that overexpress HER2. Many research groups, both in academia and industry, have contributed towards understanding the various mechanisms engaged by trastuzumab to mediate its anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, data from several clinical studies have indicated that a significant proportion of patients exhibit primary or acquired resistance to trastuzumab therapy. In this article, we discuss underlying mechanisms that contribute towards to resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to overcome some of the mechanisms of resistance to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab and other therapies based on it. Abstract One of the most impactful biologics for the treatment of breast cancer is the humanized monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, which specifically recognizes the HER2/neu (HER2) protein encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Useful for both advanced and early breast cancers, trastuzumab has multiple mechanisms of action. Classical mechanisms attributed to trastuzumab action include cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Recent studies have identified the role of the adaptive immune system in the clinical actions of trastuzumab. Despite the multiple mechanisms of action, many patients demonstrate resistance, primary or adaptive. Newly identified molecular and cellular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance include induction of immune suppression, vascular mimicry, generation of breast cancer stem cells, deregulation of long non-coding RNAs, and metabolic escape. These newly identified mechanisms of resistance are discussed in detail in this review, particularly considering how they may lead to the development of well-rationalized, patient-tailored combinations that improve patient survival.
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Mixed lineage kinase 3 and CD70 cooperation sensitize trastuzumab-resistant HER2 + breast cancer by ceramide-loaded nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205454119. [PMID: 36095190 PMCID: PMC9499572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205454119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is the first-line therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer, but often patients develop acquired resistance. Although other agents are in clinical use to treat trastuzumab-resistant (TR) breast cancer; still, the patients develop recurrent metastatic disease. One of the primary mechanisms of acquired resistance is the shedding/loss of the HER2 extracellular domain, where trastuzumab binds. We envisioned any new agent acting downstream of the HER2 should overcome trastuzumab resistance. The mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) activation by trastuzumab is necessary for promoting cell death in HER2+ breast cancer. We designed nanoparticles loaded with MLK3 agonist ceramide (PPP-CNP) and tested their efficacy in sensitizing TR cell lines, patient-derived organoids, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX). The PPP-CNP activated MLK3, its downstream JNK kinase activity, and down-regulated AKT pathway signaling in TR cell lines and PDX. The activation of MLK3 and down-regulation of AKT signaling by PPP-CNP induced cell death and inhibited cellular proliferation in TR cells and PDX. The apoptosis in TR cells was dependent on increased CD70 protein expression and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities by PPP-CNP. The PPP-CNP treatment alike increased the expression of CD70, CD27, cleaved caspase-9, and caspase-3 with a concurrent tumor burden reduction of TR PDX. Moreover, the expressions of CD70 and ceramide levels were lower in TR than sensitive HER2+ human breast tumors. Our in vitro and preclinical animal models suggest that activating the MLK3-CD70 axis by the PPP-CNP could sensitize/overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Gámez-Chiachio M, Sarrió D, Moreno-Bueno G. Novel Therapies and Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Anti-HER2-Targeted Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4543. [PMID: 36139701 PMCID: PMC9496705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis and quality of life of HER2 breast cancer patients have significantly improved due to the crucial clinical benefit of various anti-HER2 targeted therapies. However, HER2 tumors can possess or develop several resistance mechanisms to these treatments, thus leaving patients with a limited set of additional therapeutic options. Fortunately, to overcome this problem, in recent years, multiple different and complementary approaches have been developed (such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)) that are in clinical or preclinical stages. In this review, we focus on emerging strategies other than on ADCs that are either aimed at directly target the HER2 receptor (i.e., novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors) or subsequent intracellular signaling (e.g., PI3K/AKT/mTOR, CDK4/6 inhibitors, etc.), as well as on innovative approaches designed to attack other potential tumor weaknesses (such as immunotherapy, autophagy blockade, or targeting of other genes within the HER2 amplicon). Moreover, relevant technical advances such as anti-HER2 nanotherapies and immunotoxins are also discussed. In brief, this review summarizes the impact of novel therapeutic approaches on current and future clinical management of aggressive HER2 breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gámez-Chiachio
- Biochemistry Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma Madrid-CSIC, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sarrió
- Biochemistry Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma Madrid-CSIC, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Biochemistry Department, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma Madrid-CSIC, IdiPaz, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- MD Anderson International Foundation, 28033 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Pramanik SD, Kumar Halder A, Mukherjee U, Kumar D, Dey YN, R M. Potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the control and regulation of prostate, breast and ovarian cancer. Front Chem 2022; 10:948217. [PMID: 36034650 PMCID: PMC9411967 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.948217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play a role in chromatin remodeling and epigenetics. They belong to a specific category of enzymes that eliminate the acetyl part of the histones’ -N-acetyl lysine, causing the histones to be wrapped compactly around DNA. Numerous biological processes rely on HDACs, including cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, gene regulation, and transcription. Epigenetic changes, specifically increased expression and activity of HDACs, are commonly detected in cancer. As a result, HDACi could be used to develop anticancer drugs. Although preclinical outcomes with HDACs as monotherapy have been promising clinical trials have had mixed results and limited success. In both preclinical and clinical trials, however, combination therapy with different anticancer medicines has proved to have synergistic effects. Furthermore, these combinations improved efficacy, decreased tumor resistance to therapy, and decreased toxicity. In the present review, the detailed modes of action, classification of HDACs, and their correlation with different cancers like prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer were discussed. Further, the different cell signaling pathways and the structure-activity relationship and pharmaco-toxicological properties of the HDACi, and their synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs observed in recent preclinical and clinical studies used in combination therapy were discussed for prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ushmita Mukherjee
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Bihar, India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
- *Correspondence: Yadu Nandan Dey, ; Mogana R,
| | - Mogana R
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI Education SDN.BHD., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yadu Nandan Dey, ; Mogana R,
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Oroujeni M, Tano H, Vorobyeva A, Liu Y, Vorontsova O, Xu T, Westerlund K, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Karlström AE. Affibody-Mediated PNA-Based Pretargeted Cotreatment Improves Survival of Trastuzumab-Treated Mice Bearing HER2-Expressing Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1046-1051. [PMID: 34711617 PMCID: PMC9258572 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-expressing tumors using the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab increases survival. The Affibody-based peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated pretargeted radionuclide therapy has demonstrated efficacy against HER2-expressing xenografts in mice. Structural studies suggest that Affibody molecules and trastuzumab bind to different epitopes on HER2. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a combination of PNA-mediated pretargeted radionuclide therapy and trastuzumab treatment of HER2-expressing xenografts can extend survival compared with monotherapies. Methods: Mutual interference of the primary pretargeting probe ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 and trastuzumab in binding to HER2-expressing cell lines was investigated in vitro. Experimental therapy evaluated the survival of mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts after treatment with vehicle, trastuzumab only, pretargeting using Affibody-PNA chimera ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 and complementary probe 177Lu-HP2, and combination of trastuzumab and pretargeting. The ethical permit limited the study to 90 d. The animals' weights were monitored during the study. After study termination, samples of liver and kidneys were evaluated by a veterinary pathologist for toxicity signs. Results: The presence of a large molar excess of trastuzumab had no influence on the affinity of ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 binding to HER2-expressing cells in vitro. The affinity of trastuzumab was not affected by a large excess of ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 The median survival of mice treated with trastuzumab (75.5 d) was significantly longer than the survival of mice treated with a vehicle (59.5 d). Median survival of mice treated with pretargeting was not reached by day 90. Six mice of 10 in this group survived, and 2 had complete remission. All mice in the combination treatment group survived, and tumors in 7 mice had disappeared at study termination. There was no significant difference between animal weights in the different treatment groups. No significant pathologic alterations were detected in livers and kidneys of treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment of mice bearing HER2-expressing xenografts with the combination of trastuzumab and Affibody-mediated PNA-based radionuclide pretargeting significantly increased survival compared with monotherapies. Cotreatment was not toxic for normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Tano
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;,Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; and
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Vorontsova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Westerlund
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; and,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;,Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; and
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Therapeutic Response Monitoring with 89Zr-DFO-Pertuzumab in HER2-Positive and Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071338. [PMID: 35890234 PMCID: PMC9324044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) has great potential to evaluate the target expression level and therapeutic response for targeted cancer therapy. Immuno-PET imaging with pertuzumab, due to specific recognition in different binding sites of HER2, could be useful for the determination of the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy, trastuzumab, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, in HER2-expressing breast cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring therapeutic response with 89Zr-DFO-pertuzumab for the treatment of HER2-targeted therapeutics, trastuzumab, or the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG, in trastuzumab-resistant JIMT-1 breast cancer models. We prepared an immuno-PET imaging agent using desferoxamine (DFO)-pertuzumab labeled with 89Zr and performed the biodistribution and PET imaging in breast cancer xenograft models for monitoring therapeutic response to HER2-targeted therapy. 89Zr-DFO-pertuzumab was successfully prepared and showed specific binding to HER2 in vitro and clearly visualized HER2 expressing JIMT-1 tumors. 89Zr-DFO-pertuzumab had prominent tumor uptake in HER2 expressing JIMT-1 tumors. JIMT-1 tumors showed trastuzumab-resistant and HSP90 inhibitor sensitive characterization. In immuno-PET imaging, isotype antibody-treated JIMT-1 tumors had similar uptake in trastuzumab-treated JIMT-1 tumors, but 17-DMAG-treated JIMT-1 tumors showed greatly reduced uptake compared to vehicle-treated tumors. Additionally, HER2 downregulation evaluated by immuno-PET imaging was verified by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining which resulted in a significant reduction in the tumor’s HER2 level in 17-DMAG-treated JIMT-1 tumors. 89Zr-DFO-pertuzumab immuno-PET may be clinically translated to select pertinent patients for HER2-targeted therapy and to monitor the therapeutic response in HER2-positive cancer patients under various HER2-targeted therapeutics treatments.
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Shinde A, Kulkoyluoglu Cotul E, Chen H, Smith A, Libring S, Solorio L, Wendt MK. Transglutaminase-2 mediates acquisition of neratinib resistance in metastatic breast cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:19. [PMID: 35729402 PMCID: PMC9213622 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of resistance to targeted therapies remains a major clinical obstacle for the HER2+ subtype of breast cancer. Using an isogeneic progression series of HER2+ breast cancer metastasis we demonstrate that metastatic cells have an increased capacity to acquire resistance to the covalent, pan-ErbB inhibitor, neratinib. RNA sequencing analyses comparing parental and metastatic cells identified upregulation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Genetic depletion and overexpression approaches established that TG2 is both necessary and sufficient for acquisition of neratinib resistance. Mechanistically, we describe a pathway in which TG2-mediates activation of NF-κB signaling leading to upregulation of IL-6 in metastatic cells. This autocrine expression of IL-6 functions to maintain enhanced levels of TG2 via JAK:STAT3 signaling. This drug persistence feedback loop can be interrupted through the use of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. In vivo application of ruxolitinib had no effect on tumor growth under non-treated conditions, but effectively prevented acquisition of resistance, leading to tumor regression upon coadministration with neratinib. Overall, our studies reveal a mechanism in metastatic breast cancer cells that predisposes them to acquisition of resistance to ErbB-targeted therapeutics. Clinically, immediate application of ruxolitinib could prevent acquisition of resistance and improve patient responses to HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu Cotul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Bick G, Zhang J, Lower EE, Zhang X. Transcriptional coactivator MED1 in the interface of anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapeutic resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:498-510. [PMID: 35800368 PMCID: PMC9255246 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer and leading causes of death in women in the United States and Worldwide. About 90% of breast cancers belong to ER+ or HER2+ subtypes and are driven by key breast cancer genes Estrogen Receptor and HER2, respectively. Despite the advances in anti-estrogen (endocrine) and anti-HER2 therapies for the treatment of these breast cancer subtypes, unwanted side effects, frequent recurrence and resistance to these treatments remain major clinical challenges. Recent studies have identified ER coactivator MED1 as a key mediator of ER functions and anti-estrogen treatment resistance. Interestingly, MED1 is also coamplified with HER2 and activated by the HER2 signaling cascade, and plays critical roles in HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and response to anti-HER2 treatment as well. Thus, MED1 represents a novel crosstalk point of the HER2 and ER pathways and a highly promising new therapeutic target for ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress on the role of this key ER/HER2 downstream effector MED1 in breast cancer therapy resistance and our development of an innovative RNA nanotechnology-based approach to target MED1 for potential future breast cancer therapy to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bick
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jasmine Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Elyse E. Lower
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. ,University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. ,University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Correspondence to: Prof. Xiaoting Zhang, Professor and Thomas Boat Endowed Chair, Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. E-mail:
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36
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Yuan Y, Zhou S, Li C, Zhang X, Mao H, Chen W, Jiang X. Cascade Downregulation of the HER Family by a Dual-Targeted Recombinant Protein-Drug Conjugate to Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastasis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201558. [PMID: 35365900 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy can significantly improve the outcome of patients with HER2 positive cancer. However, relapse after this treatment remains a great challenge in the clinic due to tumor resistance, in which the HER network induces constitutive signal transduction. In addition, integrin receptors in the tumor extracellular matrix can mitigate the therapeutic effect of inhibitors to the growth factors receptors and tyrosine kinases. Here, the development of a recombinant protein (RP-HI) and its drug conjugates (RPDC-HI) to target both HER2 and integrin is reported. When simultaneously blocking HER2 and integrin by RP-HI, functions of the HER family and their interactions with the integrin are disrupted by downregulated expressions of HER family members, leading to inhibition of several downstream signal pathways. In combination with targeted delivery of the anticancer agent, doxorubicin (DOX), RPDC-HI significantly improves the tumor inhibition efficacy to 97.5% in treating HER2-positive breast cancer, comparing to 34.3% for free DOX. RPDC-HI shows even better antitumor efficiency than a monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, when treating larger tumors. The developed dual-targeted RPDC platform offers a new and promising strategy for treating HER2-positive patients with synergistic therapeutic effects against tumor resistance to the conventional HER2-targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sensen Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Cheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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37
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Menon SR, Mitra A, Chakraborty A, Tawate M, Sahu S, Rakshit S, Gaikwad S, Dhotre G, Damle A, Banerjee S. Clinical Dose Preparation of [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Pertuzumab Using Medium Specific Activity [ 177Lu]LuCl 3 for Radioimmunotherapy of Breast and Epithelial Ovarian Cancers, with HER2 Receptor Overexpression. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:384-402. [PMID: 35575711 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is commonly associated with metastatic breast cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Trastuzumab as an anti-HER2 agent for the metastatic breast and epithelial ovarian cancer. However, Trastuzumab has severe limitations in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer associated with ligand-dependent dimerization of HER2 receptor at the extracellular domain-II (ECD-II) region. The therapeutic approach in combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab is found to be effective in preventing HER2 dimerization at the ECD-II region. The radioimmunotherapeutic approach, utilizing both these anti-HER2 agents (trastuzumab/pertuzumab), radiolabeled with [177Lu]Lu3+, has proved to be clinically efficacious with promising potential. Toward this, the formulation for clinical doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab has been optimized using medium specific activity (0.81 GBq/μg) [177Lu]LuCl3. Materials and Methods: Preconcentrated pertuzumab was conjugated with p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA. Purified DOTA-benzyl-pertuzumab conjugate was radiolabeled with carrier-added [177Lu]LuCl3. Quality control parameters were evaluated for the [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab. In vivo biodistribution was carried out at different time points postadministration. Specific cell binding, immunoreactivity, and internalization were investigated by using SKOV3 and SKBR3 cells. Results: In this study, the authors reported a consistent and reproducible protocol for clinical dose formulations of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab, with a radiochemical yield of 86.67% ± 1.03% and radiochemical purity (RCP) of 99.36% ± 0.36% (n = 10). Preclinical cell binding studies of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab revealed specific binding with SKOV3 and SKBR3 cells up to 24.4% ± 1.4% and 23.2% ± 0.8%, respectively. The uptakes in SKOV3- and SKBR3-xenografted tumor in severe combined immunodeficiency mice were observed to be 25.9% ± 0.8% and 25.2% ± 1.2% ID/g at 48 and 120 h postinjection, respectively. Conclusions: A protocol was optimized for the preparation of ready-to-use clinical dose of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab, in hospital radiopharmacy settings. The retention of RCP of the radiopharmaceutical, on storage in saline and serum, at -20°C, up to 120 h postradiolabeling, confirmed its in vitro stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Raj Menon
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Arpit Mitra
- Medical Cyclotron Facility, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Megha Tawate
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Sahu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sutapa Rakshit
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sujay Gaikwad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Geetanjali Dhotre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Damle
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiological Research Unit, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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38
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Yousefi H, Fong J, Alahari SK. NR4A Family Genes: A Review of Comprehensive Prognostic and Gene Expression Profile Analysis in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:777824. [PMID: 35547878 PMCID: PMC9082356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.777824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This report analyzes nuclear receptor (NR) subfamily 4A’s potential role in treating those diagnosed with breast cancer. Here we reviewed the current literature on NR4 family members. We also examined the relative gene expression of the NR4A receptor subfamily in the basal, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive, luminal A, and luminal B subtypes using data from tumor samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). These data showed a positive link between NR4A1-NR4A3 expression and increased overall survival and relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients. In addition, we observed that high expression of NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 led to better survival. Furthermore, NR4A family genes seem to play an essential regulatory role in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in breast cancer. The novel prognostic role of the NR4A1–NR4A3 receptors implicates these receptors as important mediators controlling breast cancer metabolic reprograming and its progression. The review establishes a strong clinical basis for the investigation of the cellular, molecular, and physiological roles of NR4A genes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jordyn Fong
- Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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39
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Console L, Scalise M. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell Pathways Involved in Cancer Chemoresistance. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050618. [PMID: 35629286 PMCID: PMC9143651 DOI: 10.3390/life12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a pharmacological condition that allows transformed cells to maintain their proliferative phenotype in the presence of administered anticancer drugs. Recently, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, have been identified as additional players responsible for the chemoresistance of cancer cells. These are nanovesicles that are released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and contain proteins and nucleic acids as molecular cargo. Extracellular vesicles released in the bloodstream reach recipient cells and confer them novel metabolic properties. Exosomes can foster chemoresistance by promoting prosurvival and antiapoptotic pathways, affecting cancer stem cells and immunotherapies, and stimulating drug efflux. In this context, a crucial role is played by membrane transporters belonging to ABC, SLC, and P-type pump families. These proteins are fundamental in cell metabolism and drug transport in either physiological or pathological conditions. In this review, different roles of extracellular vesicles in drug resistance of cancer cells will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +39-0984-492919 (L.C.); +39-0984-492938 (M.S.)
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40
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Ouellette MM, Zhou S, Yan Y. Cell Signaling Pathways That Promote Radioresistance of Cancer Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030656. [PMID: 35328212 PMCID: PMC8947583 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for solid tumors and about 50% of patients with cancer, including pediatric cancer, receive RT. While RT has significantly improved the overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients, its efficacy has still been markedly limited by radioresistance in a significant number of cancer patients (intrinsic or acquired), resulting in failure of the RT control of the disease. Radiation eradicates cancer cells mainly by causing DNA damage. However, radiation also concomitantly activates multiple prosurvival signaling pathways, which include those mediated by ATM, ATR, AKT, ERK, and NF-κB that promote DNA damage checkpoint activation/DNA repair, autophagy induction, and/or inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, emerging data support the role of YAP signaling in promoting the intrinsic radioresistance of cancer cells, which occurs through its activation of the transcription of many essential genes that support cell survival, DNA repair, proliferation, and the stemness of cancer stem cells. Together, these signaling pathways protect cancer cells by reducing the magnitude of radiation-induced cytotoxicity and promoting radioresistance. Thus, targeting these prosurvival signaling pathways could potentially improve the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of these pathways to the radioresistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sumin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Correspondence:
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41
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Bejan DS, Cruz-Muñoz W, Reda M, Zaidan HY, Siriwon N, Marshall S, Wang R, Nelson MA, Rehwaldt JPC, Gray JW, Hynynen K, Yantasee W. Targeted Nanoparticle for Co-delivery of HER2 siRNA and a Taxane to Mirror the Standard Treatment of HER2+ Breast Cancer: Efficacy in Breast Tumor and Brain Metastasis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107550. [PMID: 35083840 PMCID: PMC8959011 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The first-line treatment of advanced and metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2+) breast cancer requires two HER2-targeting antibodies (trastuzumab and pertuzumab) and a taxane (docetaxel or paclitaxel). The three-drug regimen costs over $320,000 per treatment course, requires a 4 h infusion time, and has many adverse side effects, while achieving only 18 months of progression-free survival. To replace this regimen, reduce infusion time, and enhance efficacy, a single therapeutic is developed based on trastuzumab-conjugated nanoparticles for co-delivering docetaxel and siRNA against HER2 (siHER2). The optimal nanoconstruct has a hydrodynamic size of 100 nm and specifically treats HER2+ breast cancer cells over organ-derived normal cells. In a drug-resistant orthotopic HER2+ HCC1954 tumor mouse model, the nanoconstruct inhibits tumor growth more effectively than the docetaxel and trastuzumab combination. When coupled with microbubble-assisted focused ultrasound that transiently disrupts the blood brain barrier, the nanoconstruct inhibits the growth of trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ BT474 tumors residing in the brains of mice. The nanoconstruct has a favorable safety profile in cells and in mice. Combination therapies have become the cornerstone of cancer treatment and this versatile nanoparticle platform can co-deliver multiple therapeutic types to ensure that they reach the target cells at the same time to realize their synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel S Bejan
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - William Cruz-Muñoz
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Moataz Reda
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Husam Y Zaidan
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Natnaree Siriwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Suphalak Marshall
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Ruijie Wang
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Molly A Nelson
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- PDX Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3303 S Bond Ave, CH13B, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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42
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East MP, Johnson GL. Adaptive chromatin remodeling and transcriptional changes of the functional kinome in tumor cells in response to targeted kinase inhibition. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101525. [PMID: 34958800 PMCID: PMC8888345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinases induces adaptive reprogramming of tumor cell regulatory networks by altering expression of genes that regulate signaling, including protein kinases. Adaptive responses are dependent on transcriptional changes resulting from remodeling of enhancer and promoter landscapes. Enhancer and promoter remodeling in response to targeted kinase inhibition is controlled by changes in open chromatin state and by activity of specific transcription factors, such as c-MYC. This review focuses on the dynamic plasticity of protein kinase expression of the tumor cell kinome and the resulting adaptive resistance to targeted kinase inhibition. Plasticity of the functional kinome has been shown in patient window trials where triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer patient tumors were characterized by RNAseq after biopsies before and after 1 week of therapy. The expressed kinome changed dramatically during drug treatment, and these changes in kinase expression were shown in cell lines and xenografts in mice to be correlated with adaptive tumor cell drug resistance. The dynamic transcriptional nature of the kinome also differs for inhibitors targeting different kinase signaling pathways (e.g., BRAF-MEK-ERK versus PI3K-AKT) that are commonly activated in cancers. Heterogeneity arising from differences in gene regulation and mutations represents a challenge to therapeutic durability and prevention of clinical drug resistance with drug-tolerant tumor cell populations developing and persisting through treatment. We conclude that understanding the heterogeneity of kinase expression at baseline and in response to therapy is imperative for development of combinations and timing intervals of therapies making interventions durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P East
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Gary L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
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43
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Yap KM, Sekar M, Wu YS, Gan SH, Rani NNIM, Seow LJ, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Lum PT. Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin in breast cancer therapy: A review of recent developments and future prospects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6730-6747. [PMID: 34866972 PMCID: PMC8626310 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has high incidence and mortality rates, making it a major global health issue. BC treatment has been challenging due to the presence of drug resistance and the limited availability of therapeutic options for triple-negative and metastatic BC, thereby urging the exploration of more effective anti-cancer agents. Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin, two flavonoids from citrus species, have been extensively evaluated for their anti-cancer potentials. In this review, available literatures on the chemotherapeutic and chemosensitising activities of hesperidin and hesperetin in preclinical BC models are reported. The safety and bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as the strategies to enhance their bioavailability are also discussed. Overall, hesperidin and hesperetin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and BC stem cells as well as induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. They can also inhibit tumour growth, metastasis and neoplastic changes in tissue architecture in vivo. Moreover, the co-administration of hesperidin or hesperetin with doxorubicin, letrozole or tamoxifen can enhance the efficacies of these clinically available agents. These chemotherapeutic and chemosensitising activities of hesperidin and hesperetin have been linked to several mechanisms, including the modulation of signalling pathways, glucose uptake, enzymes, miRNA expression, oxidative status, cell cycle regulatory proteins, tumour suppressor p53, plasma and liver lipid profiles as well as DNA repair mechanisms. However, poor water solubility, extensive phase II metabolism and apical efflux have posed limitations to the bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin. Various strategies for bioavailability enhancement have been studied, including the utilisation of nano-based drug delivery systems and the co-administration of hesperetin with other flavonoids. In particular, nanoformulated hesperidin and hesperetin possess greater chemotherapeutic and chemosensitising activities than free compounds. Despite promising preclinical results, further safety and efficacy evaluation of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as their nanoformulations in clinical trials is required to ascertain their potentials to be developed as clinically useful agents for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Min Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor - 42610, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway - 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lay Jing Seow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
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A bispecific antibody targeting HER2 and PD-L1 inhibits tumor growth with superior efficacy. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101420. [PMID: 34798072 PMCID: PMC8671946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling axis plays important roles in intrinsic or acquired resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapies in the clinic. Therefore, therapies simultaneously targeting both HER2 and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways are of great significance. Here, aiming to direct the anti-PD-L1 responses toward HER2-expressing tumor cells, we constructed a humanized bispecific IgG1 subclass antibody targeting both HER2 and PD-L1 (HER2/PD-L1; BsAb), which displayed satisfactory purity, thermostability, and serum stability. We found that BsAb showed enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in vitro. In the late phase of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-humanized HER2+ tumor xenograft models, BsAb showed superior therapeutic efficacies as compared with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or combination treatment strategies. In cynomolgus monkeys, BsAb showed favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles when administered at a 10 mg/kg dosage. Thus, HER2/PD-L1 BsAb was demonstrated as a potentially effective option for managing HER2+ and trastuzumab-resistant tumors in the clinic. We propose that the enhanced antitumor activities of BsAb in vivo may be due to direct inhibition of HER2 signaling or activation of T cells.
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45
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Mazumder A, Shiao S, Haricharan S. HER2 Activation and Endocrine Treatment Resistance in HER2-negative Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6329618. [PMID: 34320193 PMCID: PMC8379900 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lethality of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) breast cancer, which is often considered to have better prognosis than other subtypes, is defined by resistance to the standard of care endocrine treatment. Relapse and metastasis are inevitable in almost every patient whose cancer is resistant to endocrine treatment. Therefore, understanding the underlying causes of treatment resistance remains an important biological and clinical focus of research in this area. Growth factor receptor pathway activation, specifically HER2 activation, has been identified as 1 mechanism of endocrine treatment resistance across a range of experimental model systems. However, clinical trials conducted to test whether targeting HER2 benefits patients with endocrine treatment-resistant ER+ breast cancer have consistently and disappointingly shown mixed results. One reason for the failure of these clinical trials could be the complexity of crosstalk between ER, HER2, and other growth factor receptors and the fluidity of HER2 activation in these cells, which makes it challenging to identify stratifiers for this targeted intervention. In the absence of stratifiers that can be assayed at diagnosis to allow prospective tailoring of HER2 inhibition to the right patients, clinical trials will continue to disappoint. To understand stratifiers, it is important that the field invests in key understudied areas of research including characterization of the tumor secretome and receptor activation in response to endocrine treatment, and mapping the ER-HER2 growth factor network in the normal and developing mammary gland. Understanding these mechanisms further is critical to improving outcomes for the hard-to-treat endocrine treatment-resistant ER+ breast cancer cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloran Mazumder
- Aging and Cancer Immuno-oncology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen Shiao
- Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Svasti Haricharan
- Aging and Cancer Immuno-oncology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: Svasti Haricharan, PhD, Sanford Burnham Prebys, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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46
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Pareri AU, Koijam AS, Kumar C. Breaking the Silence of Tumor Response: Future Prospects of Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1845-1858. [PMID: 34477531 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903152354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-induced tumor resistance has always been a paramount hurdle in the clinical triumph of cancer therapy. Resistance acquired by tumor through interventions of chemotherapeutic drugs, ionizing radiation, and immunotherapy in the patientsis a severe drawback and major cause of recurrence of tumor and failure of therapeutic responses. To counter acquired resistance in tumor cells, several strategies are practiced such as chemotherapy regimens, immunotherapy, and immunoconjugates, but the outcome is very disappointing for the patients as well as clinicians. Radionuclide therapy using alpha or beta-emitting radionuclide as payload became state-of-the-art for cancer therapy. With the improvement in dosimetric studies, development of high-affinity target molecules, and design of several novel chelating agents which provide thermodynamically stable complexes in vivo, the scope of radionuclide therapy has increased by leaps and bounds. Additionally, radionuclide therapy along with the combination of chemotherapy is gaining importance in pre-clinics, which is quite encouraging. Thus, it opens an avenue for newer cancer therapy modalities where chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy are unable to break the silence of tumor response. This article describes, in brief, the causes of tumor resistance and discusses the potential of radionuclide therapy to enhance tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai-400085, India
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47
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Narayanankutty A. Phytochemicals as PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Inhibitors and Their Role in Breast Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:188-199. [PMID: 32914720 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200910164641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the predominant form of cancer in women; various cellular pathways are involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Among the various types of breast cancer that differ in their growth factor receptor status, PI3K/Akt signaling is a common pathway where all these converge. Thus, the PI3K signaling is of great interest as a target for breast cancer prevention; however, it is less explored. OBJECTIVE The present review is aimed to provide a concise outline of the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in breast carcinogenesis and its progression events, including metastasis, drug resistance and stemness. The review emphasizes the role of natural and synthetic inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/m- TOR pathway in breast cancer prevention. METHODS The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature. RESULTS PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays an important role in human breast carcinogenesis; it acts on the initiation and progression events associated with it. Numerous molecules have been isolated and identified as promising drug candidates by targeting the signaling pathway. Results from clinical studies confirm their application in the treatment of human breast cancer alone and in combination with classical chemotherapeutics as well as monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION PI3K/mTOR signaling blockers have evolved as promising anticancer agents by interfering breast cancer development and progression at various stages. Natural products and bioactive components are emerging as novel inhibitors of PI3K signaling and more research in this area may yield numerous drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Kerala, India
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48
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Wang BW, Huang CH, Liu LC, Cheng FJ, Wei YL, Lin YM, Wang YF, Wei CT, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Huang WC. Pim1 Kinase Inhibitors Exert Anti-Cancer Activity Against HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Through Downregulation of HER2. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:614673. [PMID: 34267653 PMCID: PMC8276059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.614673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (Pim1) is a serine/threonine kinase and able to promote cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance. Overexpression of Pim1 has been observed in many cancer types and is associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer. However, it remains unclear whether Pim1 kinase is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer patients. In this study, we found that Pim1 expression was strongly associated with HER2 expression and that HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells were more sensitive to Pim1 inhibitor-induced inhibitions of cell viability and metastatic ability. Mechanistically, Pim1 inhibitor suppressed the expression of HER2 at least in part through transcriptional level. More importantly, Pim1 inhibitor overcame the resistance of breast cancer cells to HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib. In summary, downregulation of HER2 by targeting Pim1 may be a promising and effective therapeutic approach not only for anti-cancer growth but also for circumventing lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Huang
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ming Lin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
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49
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Yamazaki CM, Yamaguchi A, Anami Y, Xiong W, Otani Y, Lee J, Ueno NT, Zhang N, An Z, Tsuchikama K. Antibody-drug conjugates with dual payloads for combating breast tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3528. [PMID: 34112795 PMCID: PMC8192907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors generally consist of a diverse population of cells with varying gene expression profiles. Breast tumor heterogeneity is a major factor contributing to drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis after chemotherapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging chemotherapeutic agents with striking clinical success, including T-DM1 for HER2-positive breast cancer. However, these ADCs often suffer from issues associated with intratumor heterogeneity. Here, we show that homogeneous ADCs containing two distinct payloads are a promising drug class for addressing this clinical challenge. Our conjugates show HER2-specific cell killing potency, desirable pharmacokinetic profiles, minimal inflammatory response, and marginal toxicity at therapeutic doses. Notably, a dual-drug ADC exerts greater treatment effect and survival benefit than does co-administration of two single-drug variants in xenograft mouse models representing intratumor HER2 heterogeneity and elevated drug resistance. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the dual-drug ADC format for treating refractory breast cancer and perhaps other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jangsoon Lee
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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50
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Targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in gynecologic malignancies. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 32:57-64. [PMID: 31833974 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe the role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a biomarker and potential target in gynecologic malignancies and to describe contemporary updates in the use of anti-HER2 treatments for these cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Approximately 25-30% of all patients with uterine serous carcinoma overexpress tumoral HER2. The anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab represents an effective, targeted therapy with significant efficacy in the treatment of HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer. Recently, trastuzumab efficacy has also been demonstrated in a randomized controlled trial of women with advanced or recurrent uterine serous carcinoma. Additionally, trastuzumab may be effective in women with HER2-positive uterine carcinosarcoma. The role of anti-HER2 therapy is unclear in women with other gynecologic malignancies but is being evaluated. SUMMARY HER2 amplification/overexpression is an effective therapeutic target in select gynecologic malignancies, and especially in the rare endometrial cancer subtype, uterine serous carcinoma. As anti-HER2-targeted therapies become increasingly available, more treatment options may become available for women with HER2-positive disease.
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