1
|
Chen L, Xiao T, Yang JL, Liu Y, Xian J, Liu K, Zhao Y, Fan HJ, Yang P. In-Situ Spontaneous Electropolymerization Enables Robust Hydrogel Electrolyte Interfaces in Aqueous Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400230. [PMID: 38520070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels hold great promise as electrolytes for emerging aqueous batteries, for which establishing a robust electrode-hydrogel interface is crucial for mitigating side reactions. Conventional hydrogel electrolytes fabricated by ex situ polymerization through either thermal stimulation or photo exposure cannot ensure complete interfacial contact with electrodes. Herein, we introduce an in situ electropolymerization approach for constructing hydrogel electrolytes. The hydrogel is spontaneously generated during the initial cycling of the battery, eliminating the need of additional initiators for polymerization. The involvement of electrodes during the hydrogel synthesis yields well-bonded and deep infiltrated electrode-electrolyte interfaces. As a case study, we attest that, the in situ-formed polyanionic hydrogel in Zn-MnO2 battery substantially improves the stability and kinetics of both Zn anode and porous MnO2 cathode owing to the robust interfaces. This research provides insight to the function of hydrogel electrolyte interfaces and constitutes a critical advancement in designing highly durable aqueous batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyuan Chen
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tuo Xiao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yipu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pico Electron Microscopy of Hainan Province School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinglin Xian
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kang Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Peihua Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang M, Wu J, Graham GM, Lin J, Huang M. Hotspots, Frontiers, and Emerging Trends of Superabsorbent Polymer Research: A Comprehensive Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:688127. [PMID: 34395377 PMCID: PMC8358602 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.688127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is a kind of functional macromolecule with super-high water absorption and retention properties, which attracts extensive research and has wide application, especially in the areas of hygiene and agriculture. With reference to the Web of Science database, the SAP research literature from 2000 to 2019 is reviewed both quantitatively and qualitatively. By examining research hotspots, top research clusters, the most influential works, the representative frontier literature, and key emerging research trends, a visual panorama of the continuously and significantly increasing SAP research over the past 2 decades was presented, and issues behind the sharp increase in the literature were discovered. The findings are as follows. The top ten keywords/hotspots headed by hydrogel highlight the academic attention on SAP properties and composites. The top ten research themes headed by clay-based composites which boast the longest duration and the strongest impact have revealed the academic preference for application rather than theoretical study. Academically influential scholars and research studies have been acknowledged, and the Wu group was at the forefront of the research; however, more statistically significant works have been less detected in the last 10 years despite the sharper increase in publications. Hydrogel, internal curing, and aerogel are both current advances and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- College of Foreign Languages, International School, Huaqiao Univ., Quanzhou, China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Geoffrey M. Graham
- College of Foreign Languages, International School, Huaqiao Univ., Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Miaoliang Huang
- Engineering Research Centre of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Liu KK. Capillary force in adhesive contact between hydrogel microspheres. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Zhong P, Wang J, Wang X, Liu J, Li Z, Zhou Y. Comparison of Different Approaches for Testing Sorption by a Superabsorbent Polymer to Be Used in Cement-Based Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13215015. [PMID: 33172166 PMCID: PMC7664450 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and desorption behavior of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can influence various properties of cementitious materials. Therefore, it is essential to know these performances of SAP prior to implementation in cement-based materials. In this paper, two types of SAP with different chemical compositions were tested in free liquid (deionized water and cement filtrate) and cement paste. Five absorption test methods were considered, including the tea-bag method, the filtration method, the centrifuge method, the suction filtration method, and the slump flow method. The results show that the absorptivity of SAP A73 and SAP N in cement paste by the slump flow method are about 21 g/g and 7 g/g, respectively. In addition, the centrifuge method and suction filtration method give more accurate absorption values when compared to the tea-bag method and filtration method due to their effectiveness in removing inter-particle liquid. Though the absorptivity obtained by the tea-bag method is higher than the centrifuge method and suction filtration method, it is still a good pre-test method to reveal the performance of SAP used in cementitious materials due to time-saving and simple setups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (P.Z.); (J.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (P.Z.); (J.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoxian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (P.Z.); (J.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiaping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; (P.Z.); (J.W.); (X.W.)
- Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211103, China;
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Jiangsu Sobute New Materials Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211103, China;
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Nanjing 211103, China
| | - Yichuan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo S, Forooshani PK, Dai Q, Lee BP, Si R, Wang J. Design of pH-responsive SAP polymer for pore solution chemistry regulation and crack sealing in cementitious materials. COMPOSITES. PART B, ENGINEERING 2020; 199:108262. [PMID: 33100886 PMCID: PMC7581303 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The crack development is considered to be one of the most severe threats to the durability of concrete infrastructure. This study aims to enhance the durability performance of cementitious material with the pH-responsive Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP). The SAP was synthesized with acrylic acid (AA)-methyl acrylate (MA) precursors, and three type samples with different crosslinking levels were prepared. The examination on the pH sensitivity indicated that the swelling capacity of the prepared SAP would first increase and then decrease with solution alkalinity, and the peak swelling potential was achieved around pH value of 12 for all the three type SAP with solution/gel mass ratio of 500. Further examination indicated the alkalinity of the buffer solution was reduced during the adsorption test, which can be caused by the hydrolysis of the amide groups and the crosslinker. Besides that, it was also found the solution/gel ratio and the Ca(OH)2 content could affect the swelling potential of the SAP. After that, the performance tests were conducted for the evaluation of concrete with SAP. A wax-coating protocol for the SAP was designed by using the hot-water method to prevent its swelling during mixing process. It was found that the strength reduction for samples with wax-coated SAP was insignificant compared to that of the control samples. Furthermore, durability tests supported the wax-shell could be broken by the crack propagation in concrete. And further experimental studies are needed to optimize the wax-size and shell thickness for enhanced self-sealing efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaicheng Guo
- Associate Professor, Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China & International Science Innovation Collaboration Base for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Pegah Kord Forooshani
- Research Assistant, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Qingli Dai
- Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Ruizhe Si
- Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Research Assistant, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931-1295
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farzanian K, Vafaei B, Ghahremaninezhad A. The Behavior of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) in Cement Mixtures with Glass Powders as Supplementary Cementitious Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12213597. [PMID: 31683866 PMCID: PMC6862685 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The absorption and desorption of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in cement mixtures containing two different glass powders as supplementary cementitious materials are examined in this paper. Two SAPs with different chemical compositions were synthesized in-house and used in the experiments. SAP absorption was investigated directly through the mass change of SAPs in cement slurries, as well as indirectly using the flow test. Scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor the desorption of SAPs using samples prepared with freeze-drying. Hydration and setting time were evaluated to explain the desorption behavior of SAPs. SAP absorption generally increased in pastes with glass powders. The desorption rate of SAPs in different pastes was shown to correlate with the onset of solid skeleton development in the pastes. The addition of SAPs reduced autogenous shrinkage in neat cement paste more than in pastes with glass powders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Farzanian
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Babak Vafaei
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ali Ghahremaninezhad
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Yang B, Yang Z, Ye G. Ink-bottle Effect and Pore Size Distribution of Cementitious Materials Identified by Pressurization⁻Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1454. [PMID: 31060298 PMCID: PMC6539383 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capturing the long-term performance of concrete must be underpinned by a detailed understanding of the pore structure. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) is a widely used technique for pore structure characterization. However, it has been proven inappropriate to measure the pore size distribution of cementitious materials due to the ink-bottle effect. MIP with cyclic pressurization-depressurization can overcome the ink-bottle effect and enables a distinction between large (ink-bottle) pores and small (throat) pores. In this paper, pressurization-depressurization cycling mercury intrusion porosimetry (PDC-MIP) is adopted to characterize the pore structure in a range of cementitious pastes cured from 28 to 370 days. The results indicate that PDC-MIP provides a more accurate estimation of the pore size distribution in cementitious pastes than the standard MIP. Bimodal pore size distributions can be obtained by performing PDC-MIP measurements on cementitious pastes, regardless of the age. Water-binder ratio, fly ash and limestone powder have considerable influences on the formation of capillary pores ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 µm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial University Research Center for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- Microlab, Section of Materials and Environment, Department of 3MD, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Bin Yang
- Chengdu Design & Research Institute of Building Materials Industry Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610051, China.
| | - Zhengxian Yang
- Fujian Provincial University Research Center for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Guang Ye
- Microlab, Section of Materials and Environment, Department of 3MD, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woyciechowski PP, Kalinowski M. The Influence of Dosing Method and Material Characteristics of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) on the Effectiveness of the Concrete Internal Curing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1600. [PMID: 30177666 PMCID: PMC6164015 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the influence of dosing method and material characteristic of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) used for internal curing, on the selected concrete properties. A new method of introducing SAP into the concrete mix and its impact on the shrinkage and compressive strength of concrete was studied. It was shown that the method of dosing SAP to the concrete mix and the differences in the properties of the tested SAPs have a significant impact on the course of changes of selected properties of the tested concrete composites. In order to compare tested series with each other and with other published results on the subject, a new method of including SAP mass content in the concrete mix, as a percentage of absorbed mixing water, was presented. The effectiveness of internal curing using different types of SAP under different dosing methods was presented as a percentage difference in tested concrete properties between modified series and reference series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr P Woyciechowski
- Department of Building Materials Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kalinowski
- Department of Building Materials Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farzanian K, Ghahremaninezhad A. On the Effect of Chemical Composition on the Desorption of Superabsorbent Hydrogels in Contact with a Porous Cementitious Material. Gels 2018. [PMID: 30674846 DOI: 10.1617/s11527-017-1068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavior of poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) copolymer hydrogels with varied chemical compositions in artificial pore solutions with three different pH values is examined. The absorption, chemical characteristics, mechanical stiffness, and desorption of the hydrogels in contact with a porous cementitious material were investigated. It was observed that the surface characteristics of the hydrogels play an important role in the desorption of hydrogels due to the capillary forces. It was shown that in the hydrogel systems studied here, the bonding between the hydrogels and the porous cementitious material is improved with an increase in the content of acrylamide in the hydrogels, and this results in an increased desorption rate of the hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Farzanian
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ali Ghahremaninezhad
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farzanian K, Ghahremaninezhad A. On the Effect of Chemical Composition on the Desorption of Superabsorbent Hydrogels in Contact with a Porous Cementitious Material. Gels 2018; 4:E70. [PMID: 30674846 PMCID: PMC6209239 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) copolymer hydrogels with varied chemical compositions in artificial pore solutions with three different pH values is examined. The absorption, chemical characteristics, mechanical stiffness, and desorption of the hydrogels in contact with a porous cementitious material were investigated. It was observed that the surface characteristics of the hydrogels play an important role in the desorption of hydrogels due to the capillary forces. It was shown that in the hydrogel systems studied here, the bonding between the hydrogels and the porous cementitious material is improved with an increase in the content of acrylamide in the hydrogels, and this results in an increased desorption rate of the hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Farzanian
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ali Ghahremaninezhad
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krafcik MJ, Macke ND, Erk KA. Improved Concrete Materials with Hydrogel-Based Internal Curing Agents. Gels 2017; 3:E46. [PMID: 30920541 PMCID: PMC6318618 DOI: 10.3390/gels3040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research article will describe the design and use of polyelectrolyte hydrogel particles as internal curing agents in concrete and present new results on relevant hydrogel-ion interactions. When incorporated into concrete, hydrogel particles release their stored water to fuel the curing reaction, resulting in reduced volumetric shrinkage and cracking and thus increasing concrete service life. The hydrogel's swelling performance and mechanical properties are strongly sensitive to multivalent cations that are naturally present in concrete mixtures, including calcium and aluminum. Model poly(acrylic acid(AA)-acrylamide(AM))-based hydrogel particles with different chemical compositions (AA:AM monomer ratio) were synthesized and immersed in sodium, calcium, and aluminum salt solutions. The presence of multivalent cations resulted in decreased swelling capacity and altered swelling kinetics to the point where some hydrogel compositions displayed rapid deswelling behavior and the formation of a mechanically stiff shell. Interestingly, when incorporated into mortar, hydrogel particles reduced mixture shrinkage while encouraging the formation of specific inorganic phases (calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate) within the void space previously occupied by the swollen particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Krafcik
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Macke
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Kendra A Erk
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|